Additional Internet Sites
description
Transcript of Additional Internet Sites
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-1
Additional Internet Siteshttp://www.bena.com/ewinters/
sect2.htmlhttp://www.bena.com/ewinters/http://www.getcustoms.com/
omnibus/iw-rts.htmlhttp://www.css.edu/users/dswenson/
web/CULTURE/CULTDIM.HTMhttp://www.AcrossCultures.net//http://www.businessculture.com
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Mgt 485Chapter 8
Mgt 485Chapter 8
Intercultural Communication
Mgt-470 8-2Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-3
The Communication Process
Sender Meaning Encoding Medium
DecodingReceiver Interpretation
Feedback
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-4
Overview of Communication
Communication is the process of transferring meanings from sender to
receiver
Examples
DO: It is appropriate to talk about History, Architecture, or Gardening in
Great Britain
DON’T: In Great Britain, do not talk about Politics, Money, or Prices
See Table 8-1, p. 196
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-5
External and Internal Communications
External
Internal
Ex.) gov’t attempts to secure agreements with other nations regarding international trade
US & ChinaEx.) Russian factory
managers make greater use than US managers of
direct, face-to-face communications
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-6
Verbal Communication Styles
Context Indirect and Direct
High context = implicit & directLow-context = objective
Elaborate and SuccinctElaborate / exacting / succinct
Contextual and PersonalContextrual : speaker / relationship of partiesPersonal: speaker / reduction of barriers
Affective and InstrumentalAffective = requires listener to listen & observeInstrumental = goal-oriented
See Table 8-2, p. 199
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-7
Interpretation of Communications
The effectiveness of communication is determined by
how closely the sender and receiver have the same meaning
for the same messageEx.) Using individual incentive plans in collective cultures
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-8
Downward Flow of Communications
The transmission of information from manager to subordinate
CEO
V.P. V.P.
x y z x y z
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-9
Upward Communication
The transmission of information from subordinates to managers
to provide feedback, ask questions, or obtain assistance from higher-level management
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-10
Communication Barriers
Language ex.) Someone on a foreign assignment that does not know the language that is spoken at the headquarters of the MNC
Culture ex.) The differences between how a native and nonnative U.S. person write a letter
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-11
Barriers to Effective Communication
FilteringThe deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver.
Selective Receiving communications on the basis of what one selectively Perception sees and hears depending on his or her needs, motivation,
experience, background, and other personal characteristics.
Emotions Messages will often be interpreted differently depending on how happy or sad one is when the message is being communicated
Language Words have different meanings to different people. Receivers willuse their definition of words communicated, which may be different from what the sender intended.
Nonverbal Body language or intonation that sends the receiver anotherCues message. When the two are not aligned, communication is distorted.
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-12
Communication Barriers
Perceptual
Using words that are misinterpreted by others
ex.) Ford released a truck called “Fiera” into Spanish-speaking countries...it meant “ugly old woman” in Spanish!
View of Others ex.) Some U.S . managers view their foreign subordinates as being less qualified than their US peers.
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-13
The Impact of Culture
Cultural Values
ex.) People in the Middle Eastern countries do not relate to and
communicate with one another in a loose, general way as do those in the U.S.
Misinterpretation
ex.) U.S. managers doing business in Austria often misinterpret the fact that local business people always address them in formal terms...Sir, Mr., Mrs.,
Miss...
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-14
U.S. Proverbs Representing Cultural Values
Proverb Cultural ValueTime is money
Don’t cry over spilt milk
Waste not, want not
Early to bed, early to rise, makes- one healthy, wealthy, and wise
A stitch in time saves nine
If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again
Take care of today, and tomorrow will take car of itself
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-15
U.S. Proverbs Representing Cultural Values
Proverb Cultural ValueTime is money Time Thriftiness
Don’t cry over spilt milk Practicality
Waste not, want not Frugality
Early to bed, early to rise, makes-Diligence; one healthy, wealthy, and wise work ethic
A stitch in time saves nine Timeliness
If at first you don’t succeed,Persistence; try, try again work ethic
Take care of today, and Preparation- tomorrow will take car of itself for the future
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-16
Non-Verbal CommunicationRich in meaning / complex–Dress (clothing, physical appearance)
–Proxemics (use of physical space)
–Paralinguistics (language forms; qualities, volume, pitch, hesitations)
–Kinesics / body language (gestures, expressions, body movements, posture)
–Haptics: (touching; pat, handshake, arm around the shoulder)
–Chronemics: (use of time)
–Chronomics (use of colors)
– Iconics: (use of physical objects: e.g. trophies, decorating style)
See Table 8-7, p. 211
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-17
Achieving Communication Effectiveness
NEED TO: Improve Feedback Systems Provide Language Training
Provide Cultural Training
Increase Flexibility and Co-operation
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-18
Footware International
Contentious society– Extremists?
John Carlson– One of only 4 foreigners working for
companyMgr. of Production, marketing, and sales
All employees in Development and marketing department were Moslem
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-19
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-20
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Irwin/McGraw-Hill [Modified by EvS]
Mgt-485 8-21