Additional Compound Specific (CSIA) of in · CSIA Application in MNA Results for 13Cand 2H (dual...

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Daniel Bouchard Sanexen Environmental Services Inc. What Additional Value Can Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) Bring to the Assessment of Organic Contaminants in Groundwater? www.vertexenvironmental.ca SMART Remediation OƩawa, ON February 7, 2019 SMART is Powered by:

Transcript of Additional Compound Specific (CSIA) of in · CSIA Application in MNA Results for 13Cand 2H (dual...

Page 1: Additional Compound Specific (CSIA) of in · CSIA Application in MNA Results for 13Cand 2H (dual isotope plot) Adapted from Fisher et al. 2007. ESnT Benzene 13 CSIA Application during

Daniel BouchardSanexen Environmental Services Inc.

What Additional Value Can Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) Bring to the Assessment of Organic Contaminants in Groundwater?

www.vertexenvironmental.ca

SMART RemediationO awa, ON │ February 7, 2019

SMART isPowered by:

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What additional value canCompound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA)bring to the conventional assessment oforganic contaminants in groundwater?

D a n i e l  B o u c h a r d ,   P h . D .   ( S a n e x e n )R am o n   A r a v e n a ,   Em e r i t u s   P r o f .   ( U   o f  Wa t e r l o o )D a n i e l   H u n k e l e r ,   P r o f .   ( U   o f  N e u c h â t e l )

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In contaminated aquifers, dissolved VOCs migrate with GW flow, and concentrations can decrease over distance due to destructive and non‐destructive processes:• Biodegradation vs dilution

Remediation technologies usually aim at stimulating a specific contaminant removal process: • Destructive (chemical and biological) and non‐destructive (physical)

• Co‐occurring processes

• Is our contaminant of concern being removed by the process? 

Context

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• Need for a tool that can assess the destructive (chemical, biological) and non‐destructive (physical) processes 

o that is compound‐specific

o while 2 or more processes occur simultaneously

• Stable isotopes is a promising tool

Context

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• Present the common applications and current development of Compound‐Specific Isotope analysis (CSIA) 

1. Introduction

I. Principles and Mechanisms

2. Applications in Hydrogeology

I. In situ Biodegradation

II. In situ Remediation Treatment 

III. Source Identification

Context

Aim of the Presentation

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Introduction

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Carbon 14

Unstable atom

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14N + cosmic neutron

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Carbon 12

Stable atom

Carbon 13

Stable atom

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Introduction

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Carbon 12

Stable atom

Carbon 13

Stable atom

12C : 98,89 % 

13C : 1,11 %

Natural Abundance 

1 : 88

1H: 99,985 % 

2H : 0,0155 %

35Cl: 75,7 % 

37Cl : 24,3 %

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Introduction

Implicationfor Molecules

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≠ ≠13

2

TCE

≠ ≠

13 2

Toluene

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IntroductionBIODEGRADATION

• Leads to 13C enrichmentin the remaining substrate

Toluène

Bouchard et al. 2008. Organic Geochem

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CSIAApplicationin MNA

BTEX in GW

Adapted from Richnow et al. 2003. JCH

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CSIAApplicationin MNA

Results for 13C 

Adapted from Richnow et al. 2003. JCH

toluene o‐xylene

concentration

Ratio 13C/12C

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CSIAApplicationin MNA

Results for13C and 2H(dual isotope plot)

Adapted from Fisher et al. 2007. ESnT

Benzene

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CSIAApplicationduring In situ Remediation Treatment

Applying a dual isotope plot todestructive and non‐destructive processes

Anaerobicbiodegradation

Aerobicbiodegradation

ISCO

Air‐waterpartitioning

NAPLVolatilization

Physical removal volatilization

Biodegradation Aerobic/Anaerobic

Chemical oxidation

Dilution

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CSIAApplicationduring In situ Remediation Treatment

Treatment: Air Sparging

Source:  PHC including BTX

Aquifer: Anaerobic

Duration: 284 days(with a winter pause from December to March)

Bouchard et al, 2018 GWMR

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CSIAApplicationduring In situ Remediation Treatment

Treatment: Air Sparging

Bouchard et al, 2018 GWMR

Overall interpretation:1‐ biodegradation > volatilization2‐ Limitations in air distribution?

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CSIAApplicationduring In situ Remediation Treatment

Treatment: ISCO

Shayan et al, 2018 GWMR

Source: BTEX

Injection: Na‐persulfate

Duration: 391 days

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Injection

source

sampling

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CSIAApplicationduring In situ Remediation Treatment

Treatment: ISCO

Shayan et al, 2018 GWMR

Day 156:Na‐persulfate injectionin the source zone 

From day 156 to 208: Evidence of chemicaloxidation 

> 293 days:Anaerobicbiodegradation 

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CSIAApplicationduring In situ Remediation Treatment

Treatment: ISCO

Shayan et al, 2018 GWMR

Overall interpretation

Sequential 2‐step process:

1‐chemical destruction > dilution

2‐ biodegradation was enhanced

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CSIAfor Source Identification

Chlorinated Solvents beneath a Dry Cleaner

Hunkeler et al, 2004, JCH

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CSIAfor Source Identification

Vapor Intrusion

McHugh et al, 2011, ESnT

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• Demonstrates VOC biodegradation (destructive process)‐ 1 isotope

‐ 2 isotopes (dual plot) 

• Demonstrates treatment efficiency‐ According to intended removal process (chemical, biological, physical)

‐ According to the targeted VOC 

‐ Treatment: Reactive barrier, SVE, sulfate land application, etc.

• Source identification‐ 2 sources on the same site

‐ Vapor intrusion issues

Conclusion

CSIAApplication

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22Serving the environment since 1985

QUESTIONS ?

Daniel Bouchard, [email protected]‐229‐3361Sanexen.com