Add, Edit, Delete and Run Access Queries With VBA

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Add, Edit, Delete and Run Access Queries and Procedures with VBA

ContentsIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Code to Create a Query or ProcedureCode to Create a Query or ProcedureCode to Create a Query or ProcedureCode to Create a Query or Procedure

Code to Modify a Query or ProcedureCode to Modify a Query or ProcedureCode to Modify a Query or ProcedureCode to Modify a Query or ProcedureCode to Delete a Query or ProcedureCode to Delete a Query or ProcedureCode to Delete a Query or ProcedureCode to Delete a Query or Procedure

Code to Run a Query or ProcedureCode to Run a Query or ProcedureCode to Run a Query or ProcedureCode to Run a Query or Procedure

ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamples

- Create a select query

- Create an action query

- Create a parameter query

- Modify a query

- Delete a query

- Run an action query

- Run a select query

- Run a parameter query

- Create a stored procedure

Possible ErrorsPossible ErrorsPossible ErrorsPossible Errors

Further ReadingFurther ReadingFurther ReadingFurther Reading

Introduction

The focus of this article is to demonstrate how to use ADO/ADOX to manipulate Access objects. In truth, generally when

dealing with Microsoft Access, DAO (Data Access Objects) would be a better ob ject library than than ADO. ADOX, however, is

extendible to other databases, not just Microsoft Access.

ADOX (Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects Extensions for Data Definition Language and Secur ity ) is an extension to the ADO

objects and programming mo del. ADOX includes objects for schema creation and modification, as well as security. It exposes

additional objects for creating, modifying, and deleting schema objects, such as tables a nd procedures.

ADOX capabilities extend far beyond what is describe d in this article. For more informa tion on ADOX see the links in Further

Reading.

Code to Create a Query or ProcedurePublic Enum ViewOrProc View ProcEnd Enum

Public Sub CreateQuery(ByVal strDBPath As String, _ ByVal strSql As String, ByVal strQueryName As String, _ ByVal vpType As ViewOrProc) Dim objCat As Object Dim objCmd As Object

On Error GoTo exit_point

Set objCat = CreateObject(Class:="ADOX.Catalog") objCat.ActiveConnection = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" & _ "Data Source=" & strDBPath & ";" & _ "Jet OLEDB:Engine Type=5;" & _ "Persist Security Info=False;"

Set objCmd = CreateObject(Class:="ADODB.Command") objCmd.CommandText = strSql

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If vpType = View Then Call objCat.Views.Append(Name:=strQueryName, Command:=objCmd) ElseIf vpType = Proc Then Call objCat.Procedures.Append(Name:=strQueryName, Command:=objCmd) End If

exit_point: Set objCat = Nothing

If Err.Number Then Call Err.Raise(Number:=Err.Number, Description:=Err.Description) End IfEnd Sub

Code to Modify a Query or ProcedurePublic Enum ViewOrProc

View ProcEnd Enum

Public Sub ModifyQuery(ByVal strDBPath As String, _ ByVal strSql As String, ByVal strQueryName As String) Dim objCat As Object Dim objCmd As Object Dim vpType As ViewOrProc

On Error GoTo exit_point


On Error Resume Next Set objCmd = objCat.Views(strQueryName).Command If Not objCmd Is Nothing Then vpType = View Else Set objCmd = objCat.Procedures(strQueryName).Command If Not objCmd Is Nothing Then vpType = Proc End If End If On Error GoTo exit_point

If objCmd Is Nothing Then GoTo exit_point

objCmd.CommandText = strSql

If vpType = View Then Set objCat.Views(strQueryName).Command = objCmd ElseIf vpType = Proc Then Set objCat.Procedures(strQueryName).Command = objCmd End If



Code to Delete a Query or ProcedurePublic Sub DeleteQuery(ByVal strDBPath As String, ByVal strQueryName As String) Dim objCat As Object Dim lngCount As Long


With objCat lngCount = .Procedures.Count + .Views.Count On Error Resume Next Call .Procedures.Delete(strQueryName) Call .Views.Delete(strQueryName) On Error GoTo exit_point If .Procedures.Count + .Views.Count = lngCount Then Err.Number = 3265 Err.Description = "Item cannot be found in the collection corresponding to the requested name or ordinal." End If End With



Code to Run a Query or ProcedurePublic Function RunQuery(ByVal strDBPath As String, ByVal strQueryName As String, ParamArray parArgs() As Variant) As Object Dim objCmd As Object Dim objRec As Object Dim varArgs() As Variant

Set objCmd = CreateObject("ADODB.Command")

If UBound(parArgs) = -1 Then varArgs = VBA.Array("") Else varArgs = parArgs End If

With objCmd .ActiveConnection = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;" & _ "Data Source=" & strDBPath & ";" & _ "Jet OLEDB:Engine Type=5;" & _ "Persist Security Info=False;" .CommandText = strQueryName If UBound(parArgs) = -1 Then Set objRec = .Execute(Options:=4) Else varArgs = parArgs Set objRec = .Execute(Parameters:=varArgs, Options:=4) End If

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End With

Set RunQuery = objRec

Set objRec = NothingEnd Function

Examples

Create a simple queryCreate a simple queryCreate a simple queryCreate a simple query

Simple queries should be a dded to the Views Catalog collection.

Public Sub CreateSimpleQuery() Const strDB As String = "C:Demo.accdb"

Const strSql As String = "SELECT * FROM [Personnel] WHERE [Personnel].[Division]='HR';" Const strQueryName As String = "qrySimple"

Call CreateQuery(strDB, strSql, strQueryName, View)End Sub

Create an action queryCreate an action queryCreate an action queryCreate an action query

Action queries should be added to the Views Catalog collection.

Public Sub CreateActionQuery() Const strDB As String = "C:Demo.accdb" Const strSql As String = "UPDATE [Personnel] " & _ "SET [Personnel].[LAST_NAME] = Replace([LAST_NAME],""-"","" "") " & _ "WHERE ((([Personnel].[LAST_NAME]) Like ""*-*""));"

Const strQueryName As String = "qryAction"

Call CreateQuery(strDB, strSql, strQueryName, View)End Sub

I purposely chose to illustrate an action query that utilises the Replacefunction. Certain functions are not available when

executing SQL from ADO. Replaceis one of these. The work-a round is to create a query rather than executing the SQL directly

with ADO. Then one can use the method illustrated below to run the query, and delete the queryif the query wont be needed

again.

Create a parameter queryCreate a parameter queryCreate a parameter queryCreate a parameter query

Parameter queries should be added to the Procedures Catalog collection.

Public Sub CreateParameterQuery() Const strDB As String = "C:UsersJon von der HeydenDesktopDesktop Filestest.accdb" Const strSql As String = "PARAMETERS prmDivision LongText; SELECT * FROM [Personnel] " & _ "WHERE [Personnel].[Division] = prmDivision;"

Const strQueryName As String = "qryParams"

Call CreateQuery(strDB, strSql, strQueryName, Proc)End Sub

Modify a queryModify a queryModify a queryModify a query

Public Sub ModifyAQuery() Const strDB As String = "C:Demo.accdb" Const strSql As String = "UPDATE [Personnel] " & _ "SET [Personnel].[LAST_NAME] = Replace([LAST_NAME],""-"","" "") " & _

"WHERE ((([Personnel].[LAST_NAME]) Like ""%-%""));"

Const strQueryName As String = "qryAction"

Call ModifyQuery(strDB, strSql, strQueryName)End Sub

Ive used this exhibit to demonstrate the importance of the pe rcentage character (%) as a wildcard character. In Access the

original action query qryAction would utilise an asterisk character (*) as a wildcard character. However, in order for the query

to work from RunQuery, a percentage character is required.

Delete a queryDelete a queryDelete a queryDelete a query

Public Sub DeleteAQuery() Const strDB As String = "C:Demo.accdb" Const strQueryName As String = "qryOld"

Call DeleteQuery(strDB, strQueryName)End Sub

Run an action queryRun an action queryRun an action queryRun an action query

Public Sub RunActionQuery() Const strDB As String = "C:Demo.accdb" Const strQueryName As String = "qryAction"

Call RunQuery(strDB, strQueryName)End Sub

Run a select queryRun a select queryRun a select queryRun a select query

Public Sub RunSelectQuery() Dim objRec As Object Dim lngField As Long

Const strDB As String = "C:Demo.accdb" Const strQueryName As String = "qrySimple"

On Error Resume Next Set objRec = RunQuery(strDB, strQueryName) On Error GoTo 0

If Not objRec Is Nothing Then With Sheet1.Range("A1") For lngField = 1 To objRec.Fields.Count .Cells(1, lngField).Value = objRec.Fields(lngField - 1).Name Next lngField


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Call .Offset(1, 0).CopyFromRecordset(objRec) End With End If

Set objRec = NothingEnd Sub

The typical objective when running a select query is to grab data from a database. What is illustrated here is that the

RunQuery function yields a working recordset. In this exhibit the contents of the recordset are unloaded to Sheet1, however

the recordset can be used in whatever manner one chooses. One may load an ar ray with the recordset (using e.g. GetRows),

or one may Filter the recordset. Whatever

Run a parameter queryRun a parameter queryRun a parameter queryRun a parameter query

Public Sub RunParamQuery() Dim objRec As Object

Dim lngField As Long

Const strDB As String = "C:Demo.accdb" Const strQueryName As String = "procPersonnelByDivision"

On Error Resume Next Set objRec = RunQuery(strDB, strQueryName, "HR") On Error GoTo 0

If Not objRec Is Nothing Then With Sheet1.Range("A1") For lngField = 1 To objRec.Fields.Count .Cells(1, lngField).Value = objRec.Fields(lngField - 1).Name Next lngField Call .Offset(1, 0).CopyFromRecordset(objRec) End With End If

Set objRec = NothingEnd Sub

The only difference to take note of here is the use of the RunQuery ParamArray argument. The last argument of RunQuery,

parArgs, allows the coder to pass the param eters to the function. Only one parameter is used here however one co uld pass

more by separating them with a comma.

Create a stored procedureCreate a stored procedureCreate a stored procedureCreate a stored procedure

Stored Procedures should be added to the Procedures Catalog collection.

Public Sub CreateStoredProc() Const strDB As String = "C:Demo.accdb" Const strSql As String = "CREATE PROC procPersonnelByDivision(inDivision VARCHAR) " & _ "AS SELECT * FROM [Personnel] WHERE [Personnel].[Division] = inDivision;"

Const strQueryName As String = "Temp"

Call CreateQuery(strDB, strSql, strQueryName, Proc) Call RunQuery(strDB, strQueryName) Call DeleteQuery(strDB, strQueryName)End Sub

Using the procedures exposed to use from the above, stored procedures can be created by executing a piece of SQL. In this

example, a temporary query is used to house the SQL to create a stored procedure. The temporary query is then executed,

which creates the stored procedure. Finally the temporary query is deleted.

Possible Errors

ERROR REMARK

-2147467259

Could not find file strDBPath.

The database directory or filename is not valid, or it

is inaccessible.

-2147217816

Object strQueryNamealready exists.

The query already exists in either the Views

collection or Procedures collection.

3265

Item cannot be found in the collection corresponding to

the requested name or ordinal.

The query you are trying to modify, delete or run

does not exist.

-2147467259

The changes you re quested to the table were not

successful because they would create duplicate values in

the index, primary key, or relationship. Change the data in

the field or fields that contain duplicate data, remove the

index, or redefine the index to permit duplicate entries

and try again.

The UPDATE or INSERT statement cannot be

executed as it will create forbidden duplicates.

-2147217904

Too few parameters. Expected n.

Ensure ALL parameters are passed to the RunQuery

functions parArgs argument.

-2147217900

Invalid SQL statement; expected DELETE, INSERT,

PROCEDURE, SELECT, or UPDATE.

The SQL statement passed via CreateQueryor

ModifyQueryis invalid.

Further ReadingFurther ReadingFurther ReadingFurther Reading

Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO)

ADOX Fundamentals


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