Adaptations & supporting policies for food security and livelihoods

Based on…….

Outline

•General types of adaptations needed

•An adaptation framework

•Win-win adaptations

•Supporting policies

Adaptations need

Qua

ntity

of fi

sh/h

abita

tQ

uanti

ty o

f fish

/hab

itat

Time

Well-managed fisheries

Fish needed by growing population

Fish needed by growing population

Fish available from coastal stocks

Fish available from coastal stocks

Poorly-managed fisheries

Gap in supply of fish to be filled

Time

Fish available from stocks

Fish available from stocks

Fish habitat

Fish habitat

a)

b)

• To minimise and fill the gap

Adaptation decision framework

Lose-Lose

X X

Lose-Win

X

Win-Win

x

X

Long-term Loss Long-term GainN

ear-

term

Gai

nN

ear-

term

Los

sAddresses climate change

Addr

esse

s pr

esen

t driv

ers

After Grafton (2010)

Win-Lose

Adaptations to minimise the gap

Qua

ntity

of fi

sh/h

abita

tQ

uanti

ty o

f fish

/hab

itat

Time

Well-managed fisheries

Fish needed by growing population

Fish needed by growing population

Fish available from coastal stocks

Fish available from coastal stocks

Poorly-managed fisheries

Gap in supply of fish to be filled

Time

Fish available from stocks

Fish available from stocks

Fish habitat

Fish habitat

a)

b) Avoid thisAvoid this

Win-win adaptationsManage and restore vegetation cover in catchments

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Improves resilience of coral reef, mangrove and seagrass habitats

Win-win adaptationsSustain production of fish stocks

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Maintaining spawning adults will help ensure replenishment and build resilience of key species

Adaptations to fill the gap

Qua

ntity

of fi

sh/h

abita

tQ

uanti

ty o

f fish

/hab

itat

Time

Well-managed fisheries

Fish needed by growing population

Fish needed by growing population

Fish available from coastal stocks

Fish available from coastal stocks

Poorly-managed fisheries

Gap in supply of fish to be filled

Time

Fish available from stocks

Fish available from stocks

Fish habitat

Fish habitat

a)

b)

Win-win adaptations

Increase access to tuna with anchored inshore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs)

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Win-win adaptations

Improve post-harvest methods

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Photo: Jocelyn Carlin

Win-win adaptationsDevelop pond aquaculture in rural and peri-urban areas

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Photo: Ben Ponia

Win-win adaptations

Develop coastal fisheries for small pelagic species

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L?

Photo: Nathalie Behring

Other adaptationsProvide for landward migration of coastal fish habitats

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Other adaptationsReduce and diversify catches of demersal fish

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Greater focus on herbivorous fish

Other adaptationsAllow for expansion of freshwater fish habitats

L-W

W-W

L-L

W-L

Suggested supporting policies •S

trengthen governance of agriculture, forestry and mining practices to prevent soil loss and pollution, to safeguard fish habitats and water quality

•Minimise barriers to migration of coastal and freshwater habitats

•Promote mangrove replanting programmes

•Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal fisheries to maintain their potential for replenishment

Suggested supporting policies •R

estrict export of demersal fish to retain them for national food security

•Increase access to tuna for the food security by reducing national allocations to industrial fleets

•Capitalise on opportunities for freshwater pond aquaculture

•Limit farming of Nile tilapia to catchments where tilapia species are already established, or there is a shortage of fish

Key investments

Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs

Programmes to install and maintain FADs

Identify prime locations for peri-urban and rural pond aquaculture

Hatcheries and networks to deliver juveniles

Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture; and scale-up post-harvest processing

Conclusions

•Win-win adaptations are available to reduce risks and capitalise on opportunities

•Supporting policies and investments are needed

•Integrate adaptations and policies and investments into national strategies and action plans for climate change, including community-based actions supported by partners