Adaptation “Survival of the Fittest”. Adapting to the environment Species (both plants and...
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Transcript of Adaptation “Survival of the Fittest”. Adapting to the environment Species (both plants and...
![Page 1: Adaptation “Survival of the Fittest”. Adapting to the environment Species (both plants and animals) evolve or change over time in response to changes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e405503460f94b30f84/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Adaptation
“Survival of the Fittest”
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Adapting to the environment
• Species (both plants and animals) evolve or change over time in response to changes in their environment.
• These changes make them better suited to survive.
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Species adapt through natural selection in the following way
• Individuals in a population have different characteristics.
• The individuals with characteristics that are suited to the environment will survive and produce offspring.
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• The offspring that inherit the characteristics that made their parents survive will also live to reproduce.
• Over many generations, the offspring who continue to inherit the characteristics will reproduce and survive
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Survival of the Fittest
• Offspring who don’t inherit these characteristics will be less likely to survive and reproduce.
• Over time the poorly suited characteristics may disappear from the population.
• The changes the population have gone through are called adaptations.
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Environments
• Different environments create special problems for the plants and animals living in them.
• Dry environments require living things to find and store water
• Surviving the desert site
• Cold environments require living things to find ways of keeping warm
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Physical Adaptations
• Animals adapt to their environments through different physical characteristics.
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Feet
• Bird feet are different shapes to perform different functions
• Feet carry birds to their food and some help deliver food to the bird.
• They are designed for running, perching, grasping, wading, paddling
• Bird Feet Site
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Teeth
• Teeth adapt for functions such as grinding or tearing
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Legs
• Leg bones develop differently depending on if the animal walks upright or on four legs.
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Cold Weather
• Animals in cold climates develop ways of insulating themselves (blubber, waterproof coats, hibernation, migration)
Bird migrating
Whales migrating
Blubber for warmth
Bear hibernating
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Coloring and Camouflage
• Coloring to protect them from predators (camouflage) or scare predators away
• A few animals are even poisonous or unpleasant-tasting, and predators soon learn to leave these animals alone.
• These poisonous kinds of animals are often brightly colored, as well, which acts as a warning to predators.
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Beaks
• Beaks to perform different functions
• Bird Beak Site
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Scent
• Some animals use chemicals which they spray from various parts of their bodies to deter predators or attract a mate.
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Plants
• Plants develop spines for protections and to conserve water.
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Questions
1. Why do plants and animals evolve over time?
2. What do plants develop for protection and to conserve water?
3. Name 2 ways animals use scent as an adaptation
4. Name 2 animals that use camouflage as protection and what type of camouflage do they use?
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5. How does the camouflage protect them?6. Describe why a cheetah has the legs it
does? How does it help him to survive?7. Look at the pictures of the 4 animals on
the teeth page, explain how each of their teeth would help them survive in their environment.
8. Which individuals will survive and produce offspring?
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9. What are adaptations?
10. What happens to poorly suited characteristics?
11. Go to the surviving in a dry climate site, how do cacti survive in a dry climate?
12. What adaptations do animals have to help them survive in a desert environment?
13. What is the most important thing for animals in a cold environment for survival?
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14. Name 4 ways animals adapt and survive cold weather.
15. Name 3 things feet are used for in adaptation and survival.
16. Go to the website on the “feet” slide. Describe 3 types of feet and how they help a bird survive.
17. Go to the “beak” slide and describe 3 types of beaks and how they help a bird survive.
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18. Go to the “environments” slide. Click on the link for dry environments. How do reptiles survive in the desert? Describe 2 ways.
19. On the same slide, click on the cold climate link. Pick 2 of the ways animals survive in the winter and describe them.
20. Go to the “physical adaptations” slide. List the adaptations for the 3 animals shown and how these adaptations might help the animal survive and adapt to its environment.