Adaptation capacity in livestock production
Transcript of Adaptation capacity in livestock production
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND
FOOD SECURITY
Adaptation capacity in livestock
production
Anne Mottet, Livestock Policy Officer, FAO-AGAL
Integrating Agriculture into National Adaptation Plans
Rome, 5-7 April 2016
DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMPACTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE ON LIVESTOCK
• Direct
– Extreme climatic events
– Droughts and floods
– Heat stress, mortality and reduced yields (tolereance reduced by single trait
selection ofr productivity)
– Water availability (drinking, for forages and feed crops)
• Indirect (agro-ecological and ecosystem changes)
– Productivity and quality of forrages: LUC & system change (e.g. shorter growing
period, sorghum/millet replacing maize), productivity, change in species
composition in rangelands and grasslands, quality of plant material (lignification
& digestibility)
– Diseases: affected areas and livestock vulnerability (e.g. bluetongue, parasites,
ticks) 2
• Especially in semi-arid and arid regions
• Rangeland degradation
• Increased variability in access to water
• Fragmentation of grazing area
• Changes in land tenure
• Conflicts and insecure access to land
• Markets
STRESSORS CREATING VULNERABILITY
Soussana, 2014, AnimalChange
EXTREME DROUGHT EVENTS IN THE
FUTURE
(IPCC, Special Report on Extreme Events, 2011)
Consecutive dry days Low soil moisture
DRYING HOT SPOTS BY 2080-2100
IN GLOBAL GRASSLANDS
5
DRYING HOT SPOTS BY 2080-2100
IN GLOBAL LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS
6
SENSITIVITY
• Breed
• Housing system
• Feeding system
• Animal health risk (vaccination rate,
level of biosecurity employed etc.)
• Value to household (livelihoods, food
security etc.)
7
Source: Climate change impact and vulnerability assessment for livestock, USAID
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
• Species/breeds
• Availability/adaptatbility alternate feed resources
• Production system
• Accessibility of animals (health/extension services)
• Outbreak response (surveillance, compensation schemes etc.)
• Household wealth status
8
Source: Climate change impact and vulnerability assessment for livestock, USAID
SYSTEMS & ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
9
Internal
(biological)
External
(practices,
services, policies)
Small scale &
low market
integration
Larger scale &
high market
integration
+
+
-
-
OPTIONS AND LEVELS OF
ADAPTATION• Practice change
Calendars
Animal feed
Breeds
Animal health (e.g. mixed grazing, local plants with anthelmintic
properties, vermicompost) & disease control
Water management
• System change
Species
Feed (e.g. changing feed crops, agroforestry, using grass-legume
mixtures for drought resistance)
Irrigation
Diversification
• Insurance, off-farm employement (household level)
• Production zoning, markets, reconversion (regional/national level) 10
1
0
3
5Measures below this line
have net economic benefits
Cost/benefit ratio
TOWARDS ADAPTATION COST CURVES
Cooling
farm buildings
Shifting to irrigation
Agroforestry
(Dominic Moran, SRUC)
Potential for adaptation
11
LIVESTOCK AS AN ADAPTATION
TOOL• A wide range of coping actions
• More flexibility than cropping systems (breed, feeding, seasonality
etc.)
• Income diversification
12Mottet et al., 2016
THANK YOU
“It is critical to strengthen analytic capacity for integrated
approaches to adaptation planning that
a)considers combinations of crop, livestock, rangeland,
forestry, fishery and agroforestry activities, as well as
aquatic and ecosystem function needs
b)helps define adaptation and mitigation synergies, which
countries often cite interest to identify, but are more
challenged to define.”
Out of 12 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, only 3
specifically mentioned livestock in their NAP (but study is from 2013 and
changes have happened since then e.g. in Kenya)
Focus is often on livestock breeds
LIVESTOCK IN NATIONAL ADAPTATION
PLANS