Adam Hoover, Eric Muth Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept Psychology Dept Clemson University
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Transcript of Adam Hoover, Eric Muth Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept Psychology Dept Clemson University
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Adam Hoover, Eric MuthElectrical & Computer Engineering Dept
Psychology DeptClemson University
The Bite Counter
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Outline
1. The obesity problem
2. Our concept
3. How it works (and how well)
4. Manufacturing
5. Pilot study
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The Obesity Problem
More than 27% of U.S. adults, ages 20-74, are obese
U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2007
Worldwide, over 1 billion adults (ages 15+) are overweight or obese
World Health Organization, 2009
Related health risks include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and hypertension
$117 billion annualy to treat obesity-related issues in U.S.
Kelly, “Obesity: Health and Medical Issues Today”, 2000
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New tools needed
04/21/23 4
• Joint NSF/NIH Workshop• (Ershow et al. 2007) “Engineering Approaches to Energy Balance and
Obesity: Opportunitites for Novel Collaborations and Research”
• Journal of the American Dietetic Association• (Thompson et al. 2010) “Need for Technological Innovation in Dietary
Assessment”• (McCabe-Sellers et al. 2010) “Advancing the Art and Science of Dietary
Assessment through Technology”
International Obesity Society: 10,000 researchersObesity Society (U.S.): 2,500 researchers
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Balancing Energy Output and Intake
Tools can assist counting input and output
X Y+ = weight loss/gain
exercise diet healthy weight
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Tools: Measuring Energy Output
Odometers measure time, distance, velocity
Provide rough estimate of calories burned
Commonly used in exercise
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Tools: Pedometer
A pedometer is worn on the waist
Measures steps, e.g. during exercise
Can be worn all day, used anywhere
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Tools: Measuring Energy Intake
Manually counting calories
Calorie or food diary
Pre-packaged foods and serving sizes
None of these are easy to use consistently over long periods of time
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Our concept: Bite counter
Automatically tracks how many bites of food have been taken
Can vibrate to tell you when to stop eating
Worn like a watch
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How do bites relate to calories?
Weight loss does not happen in a single meal (or bite); it takes weeks to months of consistently consuming less food
1 pound per week is a common guideline (American Heart Association)
People are bad at counting calories
Undercounting 200-500 calories per day (Champagne et. al. 2002)
Calories are not as accurate as we like to believe
Frozen dinners 8% under, fast food 18% under (Urban et. al. 2010)
People tend to eat the same foods week-to-week
Reduce the bites … reduce the calories
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Does bite size matter?
At daily and weekly intervals, goals could be given to smooth out spikes in eating behavior
10-75, based upon our testing
Example: After a week of monitoring, we determine your average lunch bite count is 38; we recommend reducing that to 32
Example: Upon reaching dinner, the device indicates you have already consumed 183 bites today; a small dinner is recommended
How many bites do you eat in a meal?
Bite count goals will be customized to the individual, and will be based upon monitoring the individual for a week
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Advantages of our device
Objective
No guessing, or thinking back over a day to total consumption
Automated
You can be doing other things (talking with friends, working, watching TV, etc.); the device does all the counting
Real-time feedback
The device can give you cues to stop eating BEFORE you have consumed more than you intended
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How it works
The wrist undergoes a characteristic roll motion during the taking of a bite of food
Biologically, this can be related to the necessary orientations for (1) picking food up, and (2) placing food into the mouth
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How it works
Tracking the wrist roll motion, we have identified a 3-event pattern that corresponds to the taking of a bite of food
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Demo
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How well does it work?
Experiment #1: Waffles
51 subjects, 139 meals, same food (waffles), same utensil
94% bites correctly detected
80% positive predictive value
Experiment #2: Any foods, in lab
47 subjects, 49 meals, any food (and drink), any utensil
88% bites correctly detected
76% positive predictive value
Talking, other actions during 67% of bites
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Experiment #3: Two weeks
04/21/23 17
Test relationship between bites and calories• 83 subjects wore for 2 weeks• 3246 meals• 76% have correlation > 0.4• 69% between 0.4 and 0.7
Correlation: 0.4
Correlation: 0.7
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Experiment #4: Cafeteria
04/21/23 18
Instrumented dining tableHarcombe Dining Hall; seats 800 people
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How do we build it?
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Embedded System Design
Lab model Watch model
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Breadboarding and parts selection
gyroscope
LCD
processor
battery, holder
charger
I/O (buttons, speaker, vibratory motor, USB port)
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Processor
development board dev board JTAG-USB
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LCD
surfboard and custom breakout board
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Gyroscope
typically follow “application circuit” from manual
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Battery
How long will it run?
What can you wear?
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Design stages
Breadboard Circuit diagrams
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Design stages
Circuit diagrams Printed circuit board (PCB) & manufacturing
EEEA, Inc
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Design stages
PCB Molding and case production
Center Line Technology
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Design stages
PCB, case
Assembly
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Bite counter PCB
gyroscope
processor
LCDbattery
USB port
USB-RS232 bridge
speaker
buttonsJTAG
charger