PART VII - Passive fire protection requirements [By-Laws Sections 133 - 224]

Clause 140

Fire appliance access e.g. 12m width road to support fire engine for buildings over 7000cum of volume & minimum proportion building perimeter as road for fire access based on building volume.

Clause 147

Construction of Separating Walls to be on Non-Combustible Materials

Clauses 162 – 164

Fire Doors _ 162(2) Openings in compartment and separating walls to be protected by Fire Doors in accordance with the FRP requirements of the relevant walls referred in the Ninth Schedule 162

(3) Openings in protected structures to be protected by Fire Doors with FRP not less than ½ of the relevant walls referred in the Ninth Schedule 162

(4) Openings in protected corridor or lobby to be protected by Fire Doors having FRP of ½ hour.

Clause 165 – 167

Measurement of Travel Distance to Exits, Condition of Exits and Storey Exits based on Seventh Schedule _ Open plan travel distance calculated no more than 2/3 permitted travel distance, room with 6 or less persons measured from the doors if travel distance within room less than 15m, minimum 2 separate exits from each storey not nearer than 4.5m apart and located within the limits of travel distance, widths of exits as specified in Seventh Schedule

Clauses 168 - 169

Exit Staircases _ Every upper floor to have minimum 2 staircases except buildings lower than 12m that comply with Clause 194, Number of Staircases should accommodate highest occupancy load under Seventh Schedule even though one staircase is not accessible/available, handrails may encroach into staircase width to a maximum 75mm, widths of staircases and exit routes shall be maintained [not reduced in width] throughout & door swings should not encroach the access width.

Clauses 198 – 202

Ventilation for staircases at each floor or landing with a minimum 1sqm opening per floor.

In building less than 3-storeys staircase may not be ventilated if access via ventilated lobbies at all floors except the top most and; if buildings 18m high or less with top most floor ventilated at top most with 5% of area of enclosure.

Buildings higher than 18m to be mechanically ventilated if not naturally ventilated at every floor or landing.

Clause 220

Definitions on Floor Area and capacity of buildings and compartments

Clause 221

Test of fire resistance [Method of testing based on BS 476: Part I]

Clause 222

Fire resistance for walls

Clause 223 Fire resistance for floors above ground floor

Clause 224 Fire resistance for any element of structure [based on Ninth Schedule]

PART VIII - Active fire protection requirements [By-Laws Sections 225 – 253]

Clause 225

Every building to have [1] means of detecting and extinguishing fire, equipped with fire alarm and exit signs based the Tenth Schedule and [2] a minimum one Fire Hydrant not more than 91.5m from nearest fire brigade access

Clause 226

Automatic fire protection system for hazardous occupancy to suit hazard

Clause 227

Portable extinguishers provided based on relevant codes and sited prominently and visible along exit routes

Clause 228

Sprinkler valves to be located on exterior walls accessible to Firemen and alarm electrically connected to nearest Bomba station

Clause 229

Buildings with top most floor higher than 18.3m to be provided with means of access and fighting fire from within building via fire fighting access lobbies directly accessible from outside, staircases, fire lifts in protected lobbies or staircases or corridors and dry or wet risers. Fire fighting lobbies at every level no more than 45.75m from furthermost point.

Clause 230

Dry rising system to be provided in buildings with top most floor more than 18.3m but less than 30.5m.

Clause 231

Wet rising system to be provided in buildings with top most floor more than 30.5m. Wet riser to be provided to every staircase which extends to the roof. Each stage of wet riser to be no more than 61.0m except in cases may be permitted to 70.15m

Clauses 247 – 248

Water storage and markings to comply with Tenth Schedule and Bomba requirements.

Clause 249 – 252

Smoke and heat venting in large buildings, Natural draught smoke vent, Smoke vents for exit safety to be designed to prevent accumulation of smoke during evacuation and manual vents must be openable by Bomba from outside.

Clause 253

Emergency Power System to be provided for power and illumination for safety to life and property via storage batteries or generator set.

Factories and Machinery Act (FMA), 1967 (Act 139)

MACHINERY ACT 1967 (REVISED - 1974)

PART II - SAFETY, HEALTH AND WELFARE

Section 13. Provisions against fire. Without prejudice to any law with respect to local authorities, in every factory there shall be taken such precautions against fire, and there shall be provided and maintained, such means of escape in case of fire other than means of exit in ordinary use, and such means of extinguishing fire as may be prescribed.

Section 15. Dangerous parts of machinery. Every dangerous part of any machinery shall be securely fenced unless it is in such a position or of such construction as to be as safe to every person employed or working on or entering into the premises as it would be if securely fenced: Provided that so far as the safety of a dangerous part of any machinery cannot by reason of the nature of the operation be secured by means of a fixed guard the requirements or a device is provided which automatically prevents the operator from coming or being brought into contact with that part.

Section 18. Machinery manufactured or repaired must comply with regulations.

(1) No person shall manufacture, repair or install machinery in such a manner that it does not comply with the provisions of this Act and any regulations made there under applicable to such machinery.

(2) No person shall import any machinery other than transmission machinery which does not comply with any regulations made under this Act applicable to such machinery.

Section 19. Certificate of fitness.

(1) No person shall operate or cause or permit to be operated any machinery in respect of which a certificate of fitness is prescribed, unless there is in force in relation to the operation of the machinery a valid certificate of fitness issued under this Act.

(2) In the case of any contravention of subsection (1) an Inspector shall forthwith serve upon the person aforesaid a notice in writing prohibiting the operation of the machinery or may render the machinery inoperative until such time as a valid certificate of fitness is issued.

(3) Certificates of fitness issued under this Act shall be in the forms respectively prescribed, and shall be valid subject to this Act, for such period as may be prescribed.

PART III - PERSON IN CHARGE AND CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY

Section 29. Certain machinery not to be operated without certificated staff.

(1) Every occupier shall ensure that machinery which is prescribed to be under the charge of a certificated engineer, dredgemaster or driver shall not be operated except under the charge of such engineer, dredgemaster or driver, as the case may be.

(2) No person shall take charge of any machinery which is prescribed to be under the charge of a certificated engineer, dredgemaster or driver, as the case may be, unless-

(a) he holds a certificate of competency as an engineer, dredgemaster or driver; or (b) he has a written authority issued by the Chief Inspector.

(3) Every person holding a certificate of competency issued under this Act shall produce and permit inspection of the same whenever called upon to do so by an Inspector.

Section 35. Building operations or works of engineering construction.

(1) Every person who undertakes any building operations or works of engineering construction shall not later than seven days from the commencement of those operations serve on the Inspector written notice.

(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply to-

(a) which does not involve the use of machinery and which the person undertaking them has grounds for believing will be completed in a period of less than six weeks; and

(b) a person undertaking any operations in a place in which building operations or works of engineering construction are being carried out in respect of which notice has been given under subsection (1).

Section 36. Installation of machinery, etc.

(1) No person shall install or cause to be installed any machinery except with the written approval of the Inspector and for the purpose of obtaining the approval there shall be submitted to the Inspector such particulars as may be prescribed.

(2) When any machinery in respect of which a certificate of fitness is prescribed has been installed written notice shall be served on the Inspector who shall as soon as conveniently may be make an inspection thereof and, if the machinery complies with this Act, issue on payment of the prescribed fee a certificate of fitness in the prescribed form.

(2) When any machinery in respect of which a certificate of fitness is prescribed has been installed written notice shall be served on the Inspector who shall as soon as conveniently may be make an inspection thereof and, if the machinery complies with this Act, issue on payment of the prescribed fee a certificate of fitness in the prescribed form.

(3) Written notice in the prescribed form shall be served on the Inspector before any machinery other than machinery in respect of which a certificate of fitness is prescribed or which is specified in any written notice served on the Inspector pursuant to section 34 is first used in a factory and no such machinery shall, except with the written permission of the Inspector, be used until the expiry of one month after the service of written notice under this subsection.

Section 40. Periodical inspections.

(1) All machinery and factories shall be inspected by an Inspector or such other person as may be approved in writing by the Minister, at such periods and in such manner as may be prescribed.

(2) Every occupier of a factory shall afford to an Inspector all reasonable facilities for inspection and all information as may reasonably be required in connection therewith.

(3) Every engineer and dredgemaster, shall as soon as he becomes aware of any defect therein which is likely to cause bodily injury to any person or damage to any property, make good or remove the said defect, and if the engineer, dredgemaster or occupier is unable to make good or remove the said defect he shall cease to operate such machinery or use such part or parts of the factory and forthwith make a report thereon to an Inspector.

(4) If the inspector found any machinery is likely to cause bodily injury to any person or damage to any property, he shall by notice in writing served on the occupier or where this is not practicable, require the defect to be made good or removed within such period and in every such case that part of the ways or works in that factory shall not be used or the machinery shall not be operated after the expiry of that period unless the defect has been made good or removed to the satisfaction of the Inspector expressed in writing.

ASHRAE – Guideline 55 -2010

The purpose of this standard is to specify the combinations of indoor thermal environmental factors and personal factors that will produce thermal environmental conditions acceptable to a majority of the occupants within the space.

Specify conditions likely to be thermally acceptable to at least 80% of the adult occupants in a space.

Malaysian standard - 23-26 degrees celcius

Relative humidity - 40 – 70 %

Air Movement : 0.15 to 0.5 m/s

6 primary factors that must be addressed when defining conditions for thermal comfort are

metabolic rate (M): the rate of transformation of chemical energy into heat and mechanical work by metabolic activities within an organism, usually expressed in terms of unit area of the total body surface. In this standard, this rate is expressed in met units.

Clothing insulation -the resistance to sensible heat transfer provided by a clothing ensemble. Expressed in clo units. Note: The definition of clothing insulation relates to heat transfer from the whole body and, thus, also includes the uncovered parts of the body, such as head and hands

Air temperature-the temperature of the air surrounding the occupant..

Radiant temperature -

Air Speed - the rate of air movement at a point, without regard to direction.

Relative Humidity = Amount of moisture that a given amount of air is holding/ amount of moisture that a given amount of air can hold.

ASHRAE – Guideline 62

Acceptable indoor air quality is defined as “air in which there are no known contaminants at harmful concentrations as determined by cognizant authorities and with which a substantial majority (80% or more) of the people exposed do not express dissatisfaction.”

This standard defines the roles of and minimum requirements for mechanical and natural ventilation systems and the building envelope intended to provide acceptable indoor air quality in low-rise residential buildings. It is ASHRAE's IAQ standard for residential buildings.

The designer is responsible for determining contaminant sources, target concentrations or limits, and the perceived indoor air quality goal in terms of the percentage of building occupants or visitors that express satisfaction with the indoor air quality.

It applies to spaces intended for human occupancy within single-family houses and multi-family structures of three stories or fewer above grade, including manufactured and modular houses. This standard does not apply to transient housing such as hotels, motels, nursing homes, dormitories, or jails.

As such, many clarifications and improvements have been identified and incorporated through the approved addenda. One significant addition is the new normative appendix addressing the application of the standard to existing buildings

Minimum ventilation rate in Breathing zone

Office space - 5 cfm/person

Mall & Supermarket – 7.5 cfm/person

Restaurant & Café - 7.5 cfm/person

Lecture Hall – 7.5 cfm/person

Games arcade/casino - 7.5 cfm/person

Computer and science lab – 10 cfm/person

Disco & Aerobics room – 20 cfm/person

ASHRAE – Guideline 180

Where maintenance is neglected, energy costs rise significantly and equipment life drops dramatically. With HVAC&R systems responsible for about 60 percent of site electrical energy use electrical use, it is imperative that we provide consistent maintenance and inspection to improve energy efficiency along with thermal comfort and indoor air quality. When systems are not maintained, indoor air quality, occupant comfort and energy efficiency all suffer.--Robert Baker,chair of the committee that wrote the standardchair standard

Purpose: to establish minimum HVAC inspection and maintenance requirements that preserve a system s ability to achieve acceptable thermal comfort, energy efficiency , and indoor air quality in commercial buildings (i.e., not industrial or residential buildings of three or fewer stories above grade) system’s efficiency,

Energy Concerns In the U.S. alone, buildings account for:

72% of electricity consumption

39% of energy use

38% of all carbon dioxide (CO 2) ) emissions

40% of raw materials use

30% of waste output (136 million tons/yr)

14% of potable water consumption

Written Maintenance Program – Minimum Requirements

Maintenance Plan Development

-Performance objectives, from basis of design and operational criteria (document the source, could be design documents, ASHRAE standards and other documents)

-Defines how maintenance will be performed for a specific facility in terms of time and resource allocation

- Condition indicators (could be deformation, discoloration, oxidation, corrosion, scale, leakage

of fluid or vapor, excessive noise/ vibration, loose /missing fasteners, ice, frost or condensate, worn or damaged insulating materials, design and operational criteria)

Inspection or Maintenance Tasks

Description or list of tasks Frequency If two successive inspections show unacceptable conditions, then the

responsible party shall investigate causes.

Inspection results may warrant a change in the frequency of inspections

Verification - Document that the inspection has been conducted Verification confirmation by – examination or commissioning that a specific objective has been fulfilled

ASHRAE – Guideline 180 Air Distribution Systems

Control systems and devices

Grilles, registers and diffusers

Bearings

Dampers

Moisture/mold

Insulation/vapor barriers

Inspect internal lining from AHU to first turn or up to 20 feet into the supply air plenum

Air handling units (AHUs)

-Filters and housing

-Control boxes, devices

-P-traps

-Fan belt

-Motor contactor

-Fan blades

-Refrigerant

-Drive alignment

Air handling units (AHUs)

-Filters and housing -Control boxes, devices

-P-traps -Fan belt

-Motor contactor -Fan blades

-Refrigerant -Drive alignment

Panels -Bearings

Condensate drip pan -Thermal coils

Evidence of moisture carry over carry-

Dampers -Condensate pump

Insulation (Inspect internal lining from AHU to first turn or up to 20 feet into the supply air plenum)

Inspection list

Chillers

Absorption chillers

Air-cooled chillers

Water-cooled chillers

Condensing units

Cooling tower and evaporative cooled devices

Control systems

Dehumidification and humidification devices

Steam distribution systems

HVAC water distribution systems

Pumps , Boilers

Engines, Micro-Turbines & Furnaces, Micro-Heaters

Free-standing heating or cooling coils

Free-standing fans (e.g., exhaust, transfer, return)

Indoor section duct-free splits

Fan coils, hot water and steam unit heaters

Terminal and Control boxes (e.g., VAV, fan-powered, bypass)

Package terminal air conditioners

Package terminal heat pumps

Rooftop units

Water source heat pumps

GBI – Green Building Index

Why Green Buildings?

1. To save energy and resources, recycle materials and minimise the emission of toxic substances throughout its life cycle,

2. To harmonise with the local climate, traditions, culture and the surrounding environment, and

3. To sustain and improve the quality of human life whilst maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem at local and global levels

4. To improve efficiency in using building resources, significant operational savings, and increased workplace productivity.

5. To sends the right message about a company or organization that it is well run, responsible, and committed to the future

Developed by Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (PAM) and the Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia (ACEM).

a profession driven initiative to lead the Malaysian property industry towards becoming more environment-friendly.

It is intended to promote sustainability in the built environment and raise awareness among Developers, Architects, Engineers, Planners, Designers, Contractors and the Public about environmental issues.

The rating system will provide opportunity for developers to design and construct green, sustainable buildings that can provide energy savings, water savings, a healthier indoor environment, better connectivity to public transport and the adoption of recycling and greenery for their projects.

Buildings will be awarded the GBI Malaysia rating based on 6 key criteria:

- Energy Efficiency

- Indoor Environmental Quality

- Sustainable Site Planning and Management

- Material and Resources

- Water Efficiency

- Innovation

To attain the Green Building Index classification, the procedures are as follows:

STAGE 1 APPLICATION & REGISTRATION

STAGE 2 DESIGN ASSESSMENT (DA)

STAGE 3 COMPLETION & VERIFICATION ASSESSMENT (CVA)

Buildings will also have to be re-assessed every three years in order to maintain their GBI rating to ensure that buildings are well-maintained.

Buildings are awarded GBI Malaysia - Platinum, Gold, Silver or Certified ratings depending on the scores achieved..

STAGE 1 | APPLICATION & REGISTRATION

Complete and Submit application form with Owner’s information, project contact details, project information and any supporting documents to Greenbuilding Index Sdn Bhd (GSB).

Upon acceptance & approval of the application documentation, the registration fee will be confirmed dependent on the size of the project.

On payment of fees, a GBI registration number will be given, and the terms and conditions duly signed between owner and GSB. A GBI Certifier will be assigned for the duration of the project.

GBI Registration Fees can be obtained from www.greenbuildingindex.org

GBI Terms & Conditions : An agreement selling out the terms and conditions between Project owner and Greenbuildingindex Sdn Bhd to be duly signed at this stage.

STAGE 2 | DESIGN ASSESSMENT (DA)

Appraisal conducted upon the submission by the Project Design team / Client (Architect/Engineer/

Building Owner or Developer directly or through a GBI Facilitator) of comprehensive design and other necessary documents for Green Building Index Assessment.

After acceptance of registration from GBI, the Project Design team & client should proceed to collect information for each of the six criteria completing the submittal requirements described under each detailed sub-section.

It is recommended that the information submitted is based on preconstruction information (ie tender documentation stage) when all parameters of the design have been finalised.

A Provisional Design Assessment certificate is given at this stage.

A summary Design Assessment (DA) checklist is provided to determine target scoring.

STAGE 3 | COMPLETION & VERIFICATION ASSESSMENT (CVA)

Appraisal conducted upon CPC of the project when all necessary documents are re-submitted according to as-built information and calculations by the Project Design Team / Client (Architect/Engineer/Building Owner or Developer directly or through a GBI Facilitator).

The Completion & Verification Assessment confirms that the targeted criteria have been properly implemented and achieved, or otherwise, for the intended classification.

GBI verifies within 12 months of CPC (or CCC/OC/OP whichever is the later); or earlier, if occupancy is not less than 50%, on the project classification.

The verification process involves verifying the actual measured energy and water use, sustainable site measures, indoor comfort survey results and action plan, Building Manual and Sustainable Maintenance program.

A full Certification is given at this stage.

A summary Completion & Verification Assessment (CVA) checklist is provided to determine target scoring.