Acts of the Apostles 2:475:416:112:251:128:16-31 Witness in JerusalemWitness in Judea, Samaria...

Acts of the ApostlesActs of the ApostlesActs of the ApostlesActs of the Apostles

2:47 5:41 6:1 12:251:1 28:16-31

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Pentecost

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Witnesses to the Resurrection


2:47 5:41 6:1 12:251:1 28:16-31

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Introduction1:1-2:47


2:47 5:41 6:1 12:251:1 28:16-31

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Pentecost

Epilogue

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Climacti

c Empowerm

ent to W

itness

in World

Climax 28:27-28

For this people's heart has become

calloused; they hardly hear

with their ears, and they have

closed their eyes.

Otherwise they might see with

their eyes, hear with their

ears, understand with their hearts and turn, and I would heal

them.' "Therefore I want you to know that

God's salvation has been sent

to the Gentiles, and they will

listen!"


2:47 5:41 6:1 12:251:1 28:16-31

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Pentecost

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21:3613:1 21:37 28:15

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Temple Centered Worship

House Centered Worship

God not confined spatially

Coming of the Spirit & Peter’s Pentecost Sermon Life in the Community

2:1 2:42

Acts 2Acts 2Acts 2Acts 2Acts 2

2:43 47

2:1 2:2 4 2:5 13 2:37 42 2:43 47

Setting Coming of the Spirit

Peter’s Pentecost SermonLife in the Community

Descent of the Spirit

Reactions of Multitude

Declarations of Peter Response to Peter’s Declarations

1.Qs.-What-Do? (37)2. Answer Repent & Be Baptized (38-40)3. Action (41-42)

Preparation (2:14a)Speech (2:14b-36) (a) Identification-

Event: Fulfillment of Joel’s prophecy (2:14b-21) (“Men of Judah…give ear

to my words”) (b) Implications-Event:

Exaltation of Jesus (2:22-36)

(“Men of Israel…hear these words”)

Qs. - What does this mean? (2:13)

2:2 13 2:14 2:42

2:14 36

Acts 2

Climax

Effect

Acts 2Acts 2Acts 2Acts 2

Time

Persons

State

Cause

Logic of the Passage:

Preparation/Realization

2:1 - Setting 2:2-47 - Realization

(1) Time - Day - Pentecost

(2) Persons - They (cf. 1:15-26)

(3) Situation

Recurrence of Question (and Causation)

(1) Question - Crowd: “What does this mean?” (2:12)

Answer of Peter (Apostles) (2:14-36) (Cause)

(2) Question - Crowd: “What shall we do?” (2:37) -> (Effect)

Answer of Peter (Apostles) (2:38-40)

TogetherIn one place

CausationCausationThe coming of the

Spirit (2:2-13) (Cause)

Peter’s bold Pentecostal sermon (2:14-36)

(Effect)

Climax (1) Re. existence of the community (2:1-47)

(2) Re. the Pentecost Sermon (2:14-42)

Declaration of the status of crucified Jesus:

God has made Jesus both Lord and Christ

Pouring out of Spirit and large evangelistic response

Continuing graced existence (and continuing increase) of the community (2:43-47)

Peter’s Sermon

Acts 2 – Thought Flow and InterpActs 2 – Thought Flow and Interp

The following slides describe in detail The following slides describe in detail a thought flow through the material a thought flow through the material in Acts 2 (similar to working at in Acts 2 (similar to working at detailed observation) detailed observation)

Setting(2:1)

Time - Day of Pentecost

Situation All together (pa,ntej o`mou/ - cf. 1:14-15)In one place (evpi. to. auvto - cf. 1:14-15)

Recurrence

I. The Event - Coming of the Spirit (2:2-13)

A. Descent of Holy Spirit (2:2-4)

1. Accompanying Signs (2:2-3) (Prepn)

a. Auditory - Sound

(Wind) (2:2)

b. Visual - Tongues (glw/ssai)

(Fire) (2:3)

(Realn)

2. Arrival - Spirit

(2:4)

B. Reactions of the Multitude (2:5-13)

Initial Action - CameManner - Suddenly

Origin - Heaven (cf.1:9-11)Nature (Comparison) - Like rushing, mighty wind

Further Action - Filled All - House (inclusive scope)

Nature - (Comparison) - As of fire

PhenomenaDistributedResting - Each one them

Inclusive Scope-

(Recurrence-vv.1-2)

Individual Focus

Persons - All (Recurrence of inclusive scope)Phenomena Filled - Holy Spirit (Cause)

Spoke(lalei/n)

Manner - Other tongues (glw,ssaij)

Agency - Spirit gave utterance(Effect)Causation

Acts 2, Detailed Analysis

(Prepn)

B. Reactions of the Multitude (2:5-13)

1. Setting - Persons (2:5) - a. Race - Jews

(Prepn) b. National Origin - Every nation under Heaven -

cf.v.2

c. Character - Devout

d. Situation - Dwelling in Jerusalem

2. Substance (2:6-13)

a. Reaction - Bewildered, amazed, wondered (2:6-7a)

(sunecu,qh) (evxi,stanto) (evqau,mazon)

b. Reason - Reaction - Each heard Galileans speaking (2:6b-11) in his own language (diale,ktw|) and

tongue (glw,ssaij) mighty works - God

c. Further Reaction

(2:12-13)

Perplexity - All (2:12)

Mockery - Others (2:12)

Internal-Amazed, perplexed

(evxi,stanto)

(dihpo,roun)Spoken - What does this mean?

Manner - Mocking

Speech-Filled-New winePossible Answers

Correct AnswerHuman

Explanation vs. Divine

ExplanationII. The Proclamation - Peter’s Pentecost Sermon (2:14-42)

vs.

Realn

II. The Proclamation - Peter’s Pentecost Sermon (2:14-42) A. Declarations - Peter (2:14-36)

1. Prepn - Peter standing (with 11) (cf.1:15)2. Speech (2:14-36) a. Identification - Event: Fulfillment of Joel’s prophecy

(2:14b-21)

(1) Introductory Call - Hear(2:14b)(Prepn)

(2) Explanation of Phenomena (2:15-21)(Realn)

(a) Negative - Not drunkenness(2:15)

(b) Positive (2:16-21)1 General - Spoken of - Prophet Joel (2:16)2 Particular (Quotation-Joel 2:28-32)

(Also substantiation)

Substantiation - 3rd Hour - DayContrast

Substantiation

Persons

Appeal

Men of JudeaAll dwell JerusalemBe known - YouGive ear

Lifted up - Voice

Addressed Them(avpefqe,gx

ato)

What it is not

vs.

What it is

2 Particular (Quotation - Joel 2:28-32) (2:17-21) - Prophet Joel a Effusion of Spirit (2:17-19)

1. Preparation (2:17)

2. Promise (2:17-18)

Time - In Last Days

Actor - GodGeneral cause - Pour out my spirit -> All flesh (inclusive)

Particular EffectGender - Sons/Daughters - Prophesy

AgeYoung men - VisionOld men - Dreams

General cause - Pour out my spirit

And-They shall prophesy (Possibly climax)

Note: Particular causation with general substantiation, by chiasm

Note also: The changes in the quotation over against original wording of Joel.

b Consequent signs (2:19-20)

1. General (2:19)

2. Particular (2:20)

c Consequent Salvation

Wonders-Heaven above (cf.2:2)

Signs-Earth beneathBloodFireVapor

Events

Time-Before-Day of Lord

Sun -> DarknessMove -> Blood Great

ManifestCause

Effect-Shall be saved (passive)

Persons-Whoever (inclusive)Action-Calls upon-Name of Lord

Effect

Cause

Inclusive Scope

My menservantsMy maidservants

a

b

ba

b. Implications - Event: Exaltation of Jesus (2:22-36)

(1) Introductory call to hear

(2:22a)

(2) Story of Jesus (as it bears upon the pouring out - Spirit)

(a) Death

Persons-Men of Israel

Appeal-Hear these words(cf. 2:14)

Person

Murder

Deeds-You

Circumstance-Delivered up-acc. to plan & foreknowledge-God (Divine purpose)

Identity-Jesus of NazarethAttestation-By God

--In your mostMighty worksWonders (cf.v.19)Signs

Actions-Crucified/Killed (Rec.)

Means-Lawless men (human crime)Contrastvs.

(b) Resurrection/Exaltation(2:24-36)raised and Exaltedby God3-Fold Witness1 Witness - Scripture

(24-31)2 Witness - Apostles

(32)3 Witness-Pouring out-Spirit (Climax-Sermon) (33-36)

Affirmation (24)Proof (25-31)

Affirmation (32a)Proof (32b)

Affirmation (36)Proof (33-35) Lord

Christ

Put to death by You (2:22-23)

B. Response to Peter’s Declarations (2:37-42)

1. Question - What shall - Do?

2. Answer (38-40)

a. Particular

b. General-Witnessed/Exhorted-Save yourselves-This crooked (40) generation

Causation

3. Actions

Generalization

Note: Both causation and substantiation

Appeal

Persons-Every one-You (inclusive/individual)

PromiseSubstance-Receive gift-H.S.Objects You/Your children (part.)

Everyone-Lord calls (Gen.) (cf.v.21)

RepentBe baptized -> Forgiveness of sins (cf.vv.22-

23,36)

(38-39)

Conversion (About 3000) (41) (Cause)

Existence (42) (Effect) a. Teaching - Apostles b. Fellowship c. Breaking of bread d. Prayers

(41-42)

Causation

Inter. (2:37)

(transitional to vv.43-47)

Acts 2 – Historical-Cultural and Acts 2 – Historical-Cultural and Interpretative WorkInterpretative Work

The following is a study of The following is a study of background work on Acts 2; Trying to background work on Acts 2; Trying to answer the question, “What does this answer the question, “What does this mean?” mean?”

It ends with a study regarding the It ends with a study regarding the “Fullness of the Spirit” in Acts. “Fullness of the Spirit” in Acts.

Acts 2:1-13 Pentecost EventActs 2:1-13 Pentecost EventActs 2:1-13 Pentecost EventActs 2:1-13 Pentecost Event

1. Chapter 1 – Day 1 - Day of AscensionChapter 2 – Day 2 - Day of Pentecost

2. Chapter 1 - Inert Spectators – Men of Galilee, why do you stand looking? (1:11)

Chapter 2 – Energized Prophets – Are not all these who are speaking (prophesizing?)

Galileans? (2:7)


3. Event has feel of Old Testament Echo (Spiritual déjà vu)• Genesis 11:1-9 Tower of Babel

• Foundational story about language; prepare for world-wide witness

• Luke 1:8-23; Zechariah in Temple struck dumb yet is later “filled with Holy Spirit” (1:67) and prophesizes regarding Israel’s hope in salvation (1:68-79). Note: Place where Zechariah could not speak (Temple)

Place where it was restored (home)

• Exodus 19:16-20 Mt. Sinai• Note the change of location of divine revelation

• From Mt and desert to city (polis) and house (oikos)• These represent the major sites of witness in Acts


3. Event has feel of Old Testament Echo (Spiritual déjà vu)• Isaiah 6 Temple of the Lord

• Note change of spatial dimension• Theophany in Temple vs. private residence

• Joel 2:16-21• Hold till later


4. The Galilean Issue• Not just what they were hearing but who was speaking (2:7)• Luke-Acts treats Galilee 3 ways:

1. Part of the larger nation of Israel(Luke 4:44; 23:5, Acts 10:37)

2. Inferior regional distinction(Acts 4:13, John 1:46, 7:15)

3. Not to mention the closer association with the gentile world (Mt 4:15, Luke 6:17, 7:1-10)

5. The Global Scope• Every nation under heaven• All nations may be represented by no ethnic diversity (all

appear to be Diaspora Jews

Acts 2:14-36 Pentecost InterpretedActs 2:14-36 Pentecost InterpretedActs 2:14-36 Pentecost InterpretedActs 2:14-36 Pentecost Interpreted

What Does This Mean? (2:12)• Peter’s Joel 2 quotation is programmatic for Acts• Much as Jesus’ Isaiah 61quotation is programmatic for Luke

(4:16-19; see also 7:21-22)

• Peter’s sharp temporal change• Joel 2:28 “Afterward” • Joel 3:1 (LXX) “In those days and at that time”• Acts 2:17 “In the last days I will pour out my Spirit” • The indeterminate “times or seasons” known only to

the Father in Acts 1:7 is now made known as God declares (2:17)


What Does This Mean? (2:12)• God will dissolve (suspend?) heaven-earth Spatial Dimensions

“I will show wonders from heaven above and signs on the earth below” (2:19)

Via…1. Visions and dreams (2:17)

• Young men...old men is reversed in Acts from Joel• Elderly Zechariah (1:8-20) and Simeon (2:25-35) but

from that point on in Luke-Acts younger men see and hear.

• Apostles see heaven opened in 1:9-11, so expect to see further revelations




Via…1. Visions and dreams (2:17)2. Wonders and signs (2:19-20)• For the most part in Luke-Acts signs-wonders are

acts of mercy to relieve the suffering of humanity from disease, demons and death…only occasionally does Jesus manipulate the forces of nature




Via…1. Visions and dreams (2:17)2. Wonders and signs (2:19-20)3. Prophecy (2:18)• In addition to signs and wonders…the Spirit will anoint

men and women to prophesy. The stage is set for Peter to prophesy but also for sons and daughters also.


What Does This Mean? (2:12)• God will dissolve (suspend?) gender and class bias

“I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams. Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days” (2:17-18)• Luke 1-2, Elizabeth, Mary, Anna• Luke 8:1-5

• Do note the andocentric words of Peter’s speech• Men of Judea (2:14) • Men of Israel (2:22)• men-brothers (2:29)• But notice the regional expansion move to familial. The next

move may incorporate households (see Luke 8:21)


What Does This Mean? (2:12)• The last line of the Joel prophecy (Acts 2:21) raises another

interesting question: “And everyone who calls on the name of the Lord (ku,rioj) will be saved.'

1. Who is the Lord?• God (qeo,j) used 8x’s in 2:22-36• Yet the definition is being reoriented through Jesus’

• Life (2:22)• Death (2:23)• Resurrection (2:24, 32)• Exaltation (2:32, 36)



interesting question: “And everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.'

1. Who is the Lord?2. Who needs to be saved?• Jesus…whom YOU crucified and killed.• Peter ignores the specific Jewish groups who were involved

in the trial and death (chief priests, scribes, temple elite and Judas) plus the functional involvement of the Romans.

• Rather Peter puts the full blame on the listening audienceand the “entire house of Israel” (2:36)

• The fate of the entire nation of Israel hangs in the balance because the people have rejected God’s saving purpose.



interesting set of questions: “And everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.'

1. Who is the Lord?2. Who needs to be saved?3. Why?

• Salvation is no longer found in the security of ethnicity but or in the Old Covenant but In the name of Jesus (2:38-39)

The Kerygma in Acts1. The age of fulfillment, or the coming of the Kingdom of

God is at hand (vv. 16-21)

2. This coming of the kingdom has taken place thru the ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus (vv.22-

23)

3. By virtue of the resurrection, Jesus is exalted at the right hand of God as the Messianic head of the

new Israel (vv.24-36)

4. The H.S. in the church is the sign of Christ’s present power and glory (v.33)

5. The Messianic age will shortly reach its consummation in the second coming of Christ. (vv.34-35)

6. Forgiveness, the H.S., and salvation come w/ repentance (vv.38-39)

- C.H. Dodd, Apostolic Preaching and Its Development

Acts 2 - Fullness of the Spirit1 Arguments for Subsequent Experience1 Arguments for Subsequent Experience

a. In Acts 8 the Samaritans “receive” the Spirit some time after they believe and are baptized.

b. In Acts 19:2 the aorist participle is employed, possibly translated: “Have you received the H.S. after you (cf. Acts 10:29) believed?”

c. In all the Gospels (including Luke) the disciples are pictured as believers (e.g., Lk 9:1-2; 10:20; Mt. 12:46-50; Jn.15-17)

d. In John 20:20, on the evening of Easter, Jesus breathes on the disciples and exhorts them to receive the Spirit

Conclusion: At Pentecost the disciples were fully converted and already had an initial experience w. the Spirit - Pentecost a subsequent experience w. the Spirit

Acts 2 - Fullness of the Spirit2 Arguments for Initial Experience2 Arguments for Initial Experience

a. In Acts the phrases “fullness/filled w/. The Spirit,” “receive the Spirit,” “baptized w/. the H.S.,” “the Spirit” “poured out,” etc. seem to be used interchangeably, and to refer to the same experience (see references throughout). All of these are first experiences w. the Spirit, and they are often clearly linked to conversion (e.g., 10:44-47; 15:8).

b. Acc. to context, scriptural testimony, and grammarians, the aorist participle. often indicates contemporaneous action vs. antecedent action; this is esp. true in Luke/Acts when the participle follows the finite verb, as it does in Acts 19:2.

Acts 2 - Fullness of the Spirit, cont.

2 Arguments for Initial Experience2 Arguments for Initial Experience

c. In Luke (and in all the Gospels) the disciples do not have any experience of the Spirit during

Jesus’ earthly ministry. The Spirit in Lk is restricted to the person of Jesus (Lk. 11:13; 12:12; Acts 10:21- 22; 17:20-21). In Jn, the “counselor” comes only after Jesus is gone (14:17,25-26; 16:7).

d. The accounts of Acts 2 and 8 represent unique events in salvation history, and ought therefore

not to be pressed as normative.

Conclusion: The fullness of the Spirit involves the initial reception of the Spirit, normally

experienced as part of conversion.

Acts of the Apostles 2:475:416:112:251:128:16-31 Witness in JerusalemWitness in Judea, Samaria...

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