Activities of Ethiopian R&D Survey 2007
description
Transcript of Activities of Ethiopian R&D Survey 2007
Activities of Ethiopian R&D Survey 2007
Presented at
Harmonization workshop
Nov. 30-3, 2009
Johannesburg, South Africa
1. Uses of R&D Survey
• STPs primarily a policy making and management tool in R&D and STS
• Monitor the evolving scientific and technological potential at the institutional or individual R&D level
• Gathers information at micro level and thereby supply accurate information for policy makers
• Explore the characteristics of the national scientific and technological potential
• The flow of national S&T budget from the sources to end users
• The scientific research activities• The requirements for scientific and technological
research based on priority objectives• Indicate coherence of research activities in line
with the socioeconomic development• The production of R&D and STS units
2. Status of Ethiopia S&T Information
oChallenges Organizational Set-up
• Low status of national S&T information systemNo organizational set up was in place till recently (no national
coordination body in the country).
• Regional institutions are not available.• Human and financial resources are scarce.• Laws governing S&T information are limited.• Low level of awareness of the need of S&T
information.• Cultural limitation in keeping and updatingS&T information &
• Opportunities• The need for S&T information is being felt (S&T
information users are increasing) • Institutional set-up is in place.• Laws are being issued
• Policy• Mandate
• Available International collaboration like ASTII & UNESCO
• Budget• Government is allocating budget.• Investment is on the rise requiring S&T information
3. Preliminary Activities• This challenges and opportunities has given rise to
undertake S&T survey in Ethiopia for the 1st time.• Experts in the area are scarce• We had to start from the scratch.• We started low with Government institutions.• Proposal development and management approval• Government budget secured• Hiring of personnel• Identification of institutions
– Government higher learning institution– Government R&D institutions & centers– Government S&T service institutions
Contd.
• Questionnaire design as per international standards
• Guideline development
• Logistics for the survey secured
• Undertake the survey with what we had at hand and learn in the process.
4. Performed Activities
1. Survey Details1.1 Sampling
• Datas were obtained from Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and registered governmental institutions.
• Since the frame is very low census method was followed.
1.2 How the survey was undertakenData collection was undertaken through direct interview
& filling of questionnaire by the responsible personnel.
1.3 Response rate Type of Institutions Surveyed Response Perc. Government Higher learning institutions 9 9 100. Government R&D centers 55 55 100. Gov’t S&T Centers 43 43 100 Total 107 107
1.4 None responsive surveyNone
1.5 Edit and amputation practice None
2. Questionnaire design (Amharic English)
2.1 Topics covered ( Hyperlink questionnaire)
• Human Resource in Governmental Institutions
– By level of education (PhD, 1st degree,
2nd degree tech, Aux)– By field of specialization– By sex
• R&D expenditure in Governmental Institution– Government– Foreign grant– Own fund
2.2 Consultation during question development
• International standards (Frascati manual)• Country experience (bench marks)• Other ministries
2.3 Questionnaire design• Respondent guideline development
(Hyperlink the guideline)
2.4 Questionnaire testing• None
3. Reporting plans. Descriptive statistics - Human Resource in Government Institutions Table 1
Human Resource Profile by Level of Education in S&T Service Centers
PhD 2nd Deg
1st Deg
Tech Aux Total
Federal STS Centers
12 178 390 917 1956 3453
Regional STS Centers
- 46 80 172 441 739
Total 12 224 470 1089 2397 4192
Summary of Human Resources of Higher Learning Institution
No
Higher Learning
Institutes
PhD 2nd degree 1st degree Technician Auxiliary Total
M F M F M F M F M F
1 Universities 94 2.75 107.5 9.5 25.75 3.25 34.75 5.75 18.5 23.25 325
2 Colleges 3.5 - 4.25 - 0.75 0.75 - - - 0.25 9.5
Total 98 3 112 10 27 4 35 6 19 24 335
Table 2
Contd.
Summary of Human Resource of Government R&D CentersNo Research
InstitutePhD 2nd Deg 1st Deg Tech
nAux. Total
M F M F M F
1 EIAR 91 4 187 31 215 13 298 1527 2369
2 ARRARI 10 - 63 5 134 9 137 537 895
3 ORARI 14 - 62 2 117 1 180 715 1091
4 TARI 5 - 27 - 29 5 37 35 138
5 SRARI 11 - 24 - 48 4 83 233 403
6 SORPARI - - 11 - 34 - 17 45 107
7 MoARD 8 - 22 1 10 2 41 96 180
8 GARI/C 1 - 3 1 13 1 13 5 37
9 Inst in around A.A
21 - 56 14 37 13 131 222 497
TOTAL 161
7 455 54 637 47 937 3415 5717
Contd. Table 3
Field of Science
PhD 2nd Deg 1st Deg Sub TotalTotalM F M F M F M F
Natural Science
21 1 63 10 43 7 127 18 145
Engineering & Technology
2 - 7 - 13 1 22 1 23
Medical Science
4 2 15 5 8 4 27 11 38
Agricultural Science
132 4 358 38 560 34 1050 76 1126
Social Science 2 - 12 1 13 1 27 2 29
Humanities - - - - - - - - -
Others/not specified
- - - - - - - - -
Total 161 7 455 54 637 47 1253 108 1361
Table 4
Human Resources in Gov’t R&D Centers by field of studies
Field of Sciences
PhD 2nd Deg 1st Deg Sub totalTotalM F M F M F M F
Natural Science 76 3 49 3 5 - 130 6 136
Engineering & Technology
73 2 45 1 13 - 131 3 134
Medical Science 15 1 84 8 30 4 129 13 142
Agricultural Science 101 - 110 10 41 3 252 13 265
Social Science 39 2 84 6 14 6 137 14 151
Humanities 8 0 27 1 0 0 35 1 36
Others/not Specified - - - - - - - - -
Total 312 8 399 29 103 13 814 50 864
Summary of Human Resources by Field of Sciences of Higher Learning Institutions
Table 6
- Government R&D Expenditure (Birr)
R&D Expenditure of Government S&T Service Institutions
Government Foreign Grant
Own Fund Total
Federal STS Centers
448,875,653.15 8,524,651.45 21,807,500.00 479,207,804.6
Regional STS Centers
18,350,899.00 3,116,888.51 - 21,467,787.51
Total 467,226,552.15 11,641,539.96 21,807,500.00 500,675,592.11
Table 7
Summary of Financial Resources of R & D and Higher Learning Organization
NO
R & D Institutions
Government
Foreign grant
Foreign loan
Own fund Others Total
1 R & D org. 199,707,738.89
46,826,648.69 1,579,739.46
570,000.00 1,306,773.00
249,990,900.04
2 Higher Learning
12,781,750.69
33,128,774.17 - 125,000.00 148,042.96 46,183,567.82
Total 212,489,489.58
79,955,422.86
1,579,739.46
695,000.00
1,454,815.96
296,174,467.86
Contd.
Table 8
Government R&D Expenditure (comparison with Previous Year)
No Research Institute
Source of Finance
Year 2005 Year 2007 Perc
Total Government 123,522,576.00 199,707,737.00
Foreign 36,053,890.00 47,850,841.00
Own fund 0 570,000.00
Others 0 1,836,318.41
Total 159,576,466.00
249,954,898.00
Contd.
Table 9
• Analysis of key issues (what are they)None
International comparisons
4. Principal Findings
• Government R&D expenditure/GDP = 0.2%
• No. of researchers/million = 20
ConclusionOutput of the Survey • Updated information collected • Developed R&D profiles, STS and higher education• Comparison of R&D 2007 data with 2005 was made• Awareness creation and raising• draft of the report developed• First draft of the report developed
Challenges • Shortage of trained personnel to interpret the result of the
survey.
Table 10
The Way forward• Identify the number of researchers by their field of
specialization• Profile of lab equipment • Inclusion of Development institutions, Private sector,
NGOs.• Regular budget allocation for the Survey• Employing professionals on permanent basis• Updating the information regularly • Profile of S&T activities• Create mechanisms of incentive for surveyor and data
supplier to increase the availability & allocability of S&T information.
• Avail the analyzed of the survey for the meaningful\ decision of policy makers.
• Analysis of key issues (what are they)None
• International comparisonsNone
4. Principal Findings• Government R&D expenditure/GDP =
0.2%• No. of researchers/million = 20
5. Resource Allocation for the survey• Over 200,000.00 Birr