Active Transport

Ch 8

It is possible for particles to travel in the reverse direction across the membrane and have particles travel from an area of ______ concentration to an area of_High_____ concentration, but in order to counteract the force of diffusion the cell must expend energy. This process is called _active transport_.

Low

Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane ____________ a concentration gradient.

Active transport requires ____________.

AGAINST

ENERGY

The energy for active transport comes from ______ (Adenosine Triphosphate) generated inside mitochondria.

ATP

This process requires specialized proteins, which are __________ proteins to bind with the particle and transport it.

Carrier

Example: Sodium/Potassium pump in cell membranes.

Summary of Passive and Active Transport:

&Osmosis

Thus, far we have talked about the movement of ________ particles traveling across the membrane.

small

However, __________ particles are able to cross to and do so by any of these four active transport processes:

Large

• 1) Exocytosis• 2) Endocytosis• 3) Pinocytosis• 4) Phagocytosis

Root Greek or Latin meaning

Endo- inside, within

Exo- external, out

Phago- eat

Pino- drink

Endocytosis vs Exocytosis:

BOTH REQUIRE ENERGY

Large particles are transported across the membrane in membrane bound vesicles.

Plasma membrane

Endocytosis:• The process where a cell surrounds and takes ____ material from its environments.

• The particle does not pass through the membrane, it is simply __________ and enclosed

engulfed

in

 

Exocytosis:• The reverse process where materials are ____________ or secreted from a cell.

• This is used to ____________ and secreted substances (ex: hormones) produced by the cell.

expelled

rid wastes

• When exocytosis is getting rid of cell wastes, the process is called ___________

• When exocytosis is pushing useful substances out of the cell, then the process is known as ____________

excretion

secretion

Pinocytosis vs. Phagocytosis

Both take materials IN

Pinocytosis:

• Pinocytosis is when the cell ________.

• Pinocytosis deals with __________.

• Pinocytosis is a process that is happening all of the time.

pinches

liquids

(DRINKS)

• The liquid is enclosed in “vesicles”, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell.

Pinocytosis:

• Phagocytosis is when the cell _________

• Phagocytosis deals with _________.

• Once the vesicle has formed, it travels into the cytoplasm where it will fuse with ___________ that will kill and digest the engulfed material.

solids

engulfs

lysosome

Phagocytosis:

Used by white blood cells to engulf bacteria or infected cells

Phagocytosis:

• Phagocytosis is process the human body uses to destroy dead or foreign _______.cells