ACTIVE SHOOTER Mass Casualty Incidents
Transcript of ACTIVE SHOOTER Mass Casualty Incidents
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Time Required: 1 hour
ACTIVE SHOOTER
Mass Casualty Incidents
City of Miami
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Close to 1000 people have been killed in the United States
during what has been classified as active shooter and mass
casualty incidents (AS/MCIs) since the Columbine High School
shootings in 1999. AS/MCIs involve one or more suspects who
participate in an ongoing, random or systematic shooting spree,
demonstrating the intent to harm others with the objective of
mass murder.
Source: Mass Shootings
By The Gun Violence Archives
BACKGROUND
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• These events may take place in any community impacting fire and police
departments, regardless of their size or capacity.
• Local jurisdictions must build sufficient public safety resources to handle
AS/MCI scenarios.
• Local Fire/Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and law enforcement (LE)
must have common tactics, communications capabilities and terminology
to have seamless, effective operations.
• They should also establish standard operating guidelines (SOG’s)
• The goal is to plan, prepare and respond in a manner that will save the
maximum number of lives possible.
U.S. Fire Administration, Fire/ Emergency Medical Services Department Operational Considerations and Guide for Active Shooter and Mass Casualty
Incidents (September 2013)
BACKGROUND
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U.S. Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010Texas State University
• 84 Active Shooter Events occurred between 2000 and
2010
• 37% business locations; 34% schools: 17% public
outdoor venues
• Most commonly used weapon was a pistol (60%), rifles
(27%), shotgun (10%)
• Attacks ended before police arrived 49% of the time
FACTS & STATISTICS
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An Analysis of Active Shooter Events in the U.S. January
2011 – March 2013New York State Intelligence Center
• 47.7% of assailants had formal diagnosis of mental
illness
• 66.6% of assailants had no criminal history
• In 19 out of 20 cases examined the assailant was a
“lone wolf”
FACTS & STATISTICS
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FACTS & STATISTICS
• FBI: U.S. now has one active shooter
incident every three weeks
• In 209 out of 336 days this year, at least
1 shooting left 4 or more people dead or
injured in the U.S.Source: Mass Shooting Tracker
By New York Times
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FBI Study of Active Shooter Incidents
• Commercial & educational settings most
common
• 15.6% of incidents involved more than one
location
• 60% of incidents ended before police arrived
• All but 2 incidents involved 1 shooter
(2000 - 2013)
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Active Shooter Locations
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Open Source Tracking of Mass Shootings
(2015)
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Columbine, CO - 1999
• Attackers: 2
• Locations: 1
• Casualties: 13 dead/21 wounded
• Duration: 49 minutes
• Weapons Used: Assault Rifles,
Hand Guns, Shotguns, Pipe
Bombs, Improvised Explosive
Devices (IED’s)
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Newtown, CT – (Sandy Hook) 2012
• Attackers: 1
• Locations: 1
• Casualties: 28 dead/2 wounded
• Duration: 11 minutes
• Weapons Used: Assault Rifle, Handguns
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Washington Navy Yard, D.C. - 2013
• Attackers: 1 (initially reported as 2)
• Locations: 1
• Casualties: 12 dead/8 wounded
• Duration: 1 hour, 10 minutes
• Weapons Used: Shotgun, Pistol
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Chattanooga, TN (Recruiting Centers) - 2015
• Attackers: 1
• Locations: 2
• Casualties: 6 dead/2 wounded
• Duration: 30 minutes
• Weapons Used: Assault Rifle,
Shotgun, Pistol
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Colorado Springs, CO - 2015
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San Bernardino, CA - 2015
• Attackers: 2 (initially reported as 3)
• Locations: 1
• Casualties: 14 dead/21 wounded
• Duration: 1 hour, 25 minutes
• Weapons Used: Long guns,
Handguns, Pipe Bombs
• Inexperienced attackers
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Paris, France - 2015
• Attackers: 8 attackers in 3 teams
• Locations: 6
• Casualties: 130 dead/368
wounded
• Duration: 3 hours, 38 minutes
• Weapons Used: Assault Rifles,
Explosive Vests
• Experienced attackers
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Inspired Attack vs. Directed Attack
San Bernardino (2015)
• Inspired by terrorist
propaganda
• Single attack location
• Not suicide – attempted
escape
• Explosives malfunctioned
• Attackers showed no prior
terrorist activity
Paris (2015)
• Directed by ISIS operatives
• Multiple coordinated attacks
• Suicide attackers
• Combat experienced attackers
• All explosives functioned
• Several attackers were known
to authorities
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Mumbai, India - 2008
• Attackers: 10 (initially reported as 12)
in teams of 2
• Locations: 6
• Casualties: 155 dead/600+ wounded
• Duration: 96+ hours
• Weapons Used: Assault Rifles,
Handguns, Grenades
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CollaborationThe New Paradigm
Police Fire
+ = Coordinated
Response
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Purpose
• Standard operating guidelines (SOG’s) for joint police
and fire response,
• MFR and MPD personnel are currently training with the
new guidelines at the scene of an active shooter
incident.
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Rescue Task Force (RTF) Objectives
Use of the Rescue Task Force (RTF) concept for on scene response.
• An RTF is a set of teams deployed to provide point of wound care to
victims where there is an on‐going ballistic or explosive threat.
• Teams treat, stabilize, and ultimately remove the injured in a rapid
manner while wearing Proper Protective Equipment (PPE).
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RESCUE TASK FORCE
Operational Concept
Rescue Task Force (RTF):
A unified response team consisting of police
officers and fire rescue personnel
• RTF teams are not based on armed & unarmed
elements
• RTF teams are based on a protective element
& a medical element
Goal:
Two separate elements (police & fire) working
together to accomplish a unified mission to
• Treat
• Stabilize
• Remove
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DEPLOYMENT
RTF teams will be deployed under the direction of the Incident Commander (Unified)
This will happen as quickly as possible, but only after the following occurs:
• The arrival of police officers and fire rescue personnel
• Communication channels are identified and communication is established
• Safety equipment is donned
• Contact Team confirms casualties and location
RESCUE TASK FORCE UNIFIED COMMAND STRUCTURE
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Provide point of wound care to victims and treat, stabilize, and remove the injured
in a rapid manner.
• Perform victim triage and rapid medical assessment to determine which
casualties are an evacuation priority to a Casualty Collection Point (CCP)
or Triage Group.
• The Hartford Consensus recommends that an integrated active shooter
response should include the critical actions contained in the acronym
THREAT:
• Threat suppression- Protective Element Duty
• Hemorrhage control
• Rapid Extrication to safety
• Assessment by medical providers
• Transport to definitive care
RESCUE TASK FORCE MEDICAL RESCUE ELEMENT DUTIES
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• Police officers protect paramedics !!!
• Announce location of threat
• Threat Front
• Threat Rear
• Threat Right
• Threat Left
• Closest police officer addresses the threat
RESCUE TASK FORCE
Emergency Team Egress
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RESCUE TASK FORCE
Deployment Concept
• In meeting these goals,
POLICE and FIRE must
constantly evaluate tactics and
techniques to establish best
practices and lessons learned
in order to complete the
mission of “saving lives”.
• The RTF team is based on
police and fire rescue
personnel doing what they do
best everyday at the highest
level.
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City of Miami Active Shooter TrainingBeginning with the MRC
Sponsored By
• The Division of Emergency Management
• The Department of Risk Management
• Miami Police Department
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• Survival Skills for Active Shooter Situations
• Identifying Signature Behavior of Potential Active Shooters
• Stages of an Active Shooter
• Response to an Active Shooter
City of Miami Active Shooter Training
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• A.L.E.R.R.T.( Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid
Response Training) for Miami Police and Fire Officers
(Dealing with an active shooter)
• Medical Kits and training for Police Officers (Tactical
lifesaving course)
City of Miami Active Shooter Training
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• Full Scale Active Shooter Exercise “Operation Heat Shield”
(Early 2016)
• Fire and Police collaboration in Active shooter Training
City of Miami Active Shooter Training
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• Public Service announcements “See Something Say
Something” Campaign using Video/Signs
• Businesses against Terrorism (B.A.T.) (Helps businesses
with threat assessments and terrorism awareness)
City of Miami Active Shooter Training
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SUMMARY
• The greatest benefit will be achieved through a
combined police/fire effort that puts the first
responder at the patient’s side within minutes of
being wounded to maximize life saving efforts.
• The RTF team(s) will operate within a known
Warm Zone while the Contact Team consisting of
police officers (only) will operate inside the Hot
Zone.
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Time Required: 1 hour
ACTIVE SHOOTER
Mass Casualty Incidents
THE END
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