Active Reading – Constantly thinking about what you are reading, including visualizing, predicting, clarifying, connecting, evaluating, and reviewing.

Active readers should:

• Burn 2x more calories than when sleeping

• Activate several regions of the brain, including motor and sensory regions

• Experience increased brain connectivity for days afterward

The Point Sticky

-Write down main ideas, importantdetails or info, and topic sentences.-You should be able to write a summary from just this sticky.-Have all keyword nouns and verbs listed on here.SHOWS UNDERSTANDING

Go Deeper Sticky

-Write down meaningful detail/words with connotations-Make inferences from these details about text, author, culture, or universal experiences.

SHOWS CRITICAL THINKING

Me Sticky

-Write down connections to other books, movies, or plays-Write questions or confusing parts-Connect to your life or lives around you in community

SHOWS RELATIONSHIPS

Craft Sticky

-Write down important literary devices-Write down what the author does well in writing style-Write down what the author does poorly in writing styleSHOWS EVALUATION

The Point Sticky

Three little pigs build houses out of various materials: straw, sticks, and brick. A big, bad wolf keeps blowing down the houses, but he can’t blow down the last one.

SHOWS UNDERSTANDING

Go Deeper Sticky

Houses were of inconsistent quality in this time period. The author believed people needed to think ahead and invest in quality. There’s always someone who wants to take advantage.SHOWS CRITICAL THINKING

Me Sticky

I wonder what made the one pig smarter and better than the others—upbringing, genes, access?Reminds me of Nat. Amer. coyote.Isn’t this the cycle of life?

SHOWS RELATIONSHIPS

Craft Sticky

Good because author uses motif of three for effectiveness. Prey/predator relationship easy to understand, makes good characters. Irony at the end when wolf is eaten.SHOWS EVALUATION

INFORM

To tell/share highly factual information

Little to no author bias present

No action or belief required of reader

Examples: many newspaper stories and textbooks

PERSUADE

Relates information but may be less factual or one-sided

Contains author bias or opinion

Makes clear an action needed or a belief reader should share

Examples: opinion pieces, writing prompts, editorials

ENTERTAIN

May relate highly emotional information, some of which may not be true or factual

Focus on emotion more than bias—you feel something while reading

Does not have an action/belief for reader beyond enjoying the piece

Examples: funny news stories or commentaries, fiction

Look up definition for “structure” and write it down in your booklet. Be prepared to share.

Question and AnswerDefinition: author asks a question early in text and remaining text seeks to answers this question.

May provide one definitive answer or more often explore multiple possible answers.

May feel less focused because it is exploring.

Key Words: question, answer, inquiry

Q AA

A

Main Idea and ExampleDefinition: author makes a statement and lists examples or highly specific supporting detail.

Do not confuse with other types! Eliminate other possibilities first.

May feel like listing. Lots of similar information very quickly.

Key Words: example

Idea / Statement

Example ExampleExample

Compare and ContrastDefinition: author mostly seeks to clarify how elements are similar and/or different

Explores differences/similarities, not just listing

Focus goes back and forth between different elements being compared and contrasted

Key Words: compare, similarities, differences, words ending in –er, -ier, or –est for comparing, than

ChronologicalDefinition: author presents events, information, or steps in order of time.

Mostly beginning to end formulation.

Feels highly organized by time. Paragraphs/sentences could not be easily moved.

Key Words: words for time (first, then, now, second, after, next)

1. _________

2. _________

3. _________

Subject / Topic

Cause and EffectDefinition: focus is on proving or explaining a relationship: one element causes or follows another element.

May focus more on cause or more on effect.

DOES NOT OFFER A SOLUTION.

Key Words: cause, effect (noun), affect (verb), leads to

Cause Effect

Effect

Effect

Problem and SolutionDefinition: author identifies a problem, often through cause/effect type structure. Author then offers a solution.

Focus must be on solving the problem.

May offer more than one solution.

Key Words: problem, solution, solve, help

Cause Effect

Effect

Effect

Solution

Paraphrase

Look up “paraphrase” in a dictionary. Write in your own words what you think paraphrase means to you.

Plagiarism

• Read the article and then define plagiarism in your own words.

Quote

• A phrase or sentence taken word-for-word from a text.

• Must be put in quotation marks!!!• No writing of your own should be word for

word similar in any way beyond essential noun of topic to a sentence from a source.

• Does not need to be dialogue—any writing taken direct from any text is a quote.

Citation

• “Quote” (Last Name of Author, Pg. #).

Note: end punctuation goes after parenthesesIf author is unknown, list organization or website

Ex: A citation can be defined as, “a reference to a published or unpublished source” (wikipedia.com).

According to Popular Science, “life on such worlds can no longer be considered impossible” (Lemonick, 58).

Working with Quotes

• Use intro phrases– For example, the article states, “Quote” (Citation).– The character declares, “Quote” (Citation).– The author writes, “Quote” (Citation).

• Work into your writing- Citation is defined as “Quote” (Citation).- The character declared her “love for pineapple pancakes dipped in chocolate” (Citation).

Summary

• Look up the definition. Write in your own words.

Bias85% of spending on medical studies are poorly designed, researched, and reported due to bias.

A personal preference or opinion that leads one to interpret something in a particular way

Objective v. SubjectiveObjective: based solely on reality and fact. It is entirely text based. It does not add or imply personal opinion. It discusses content honestly.

Subjective: based or colored by personal interpretation. May be text based, but a personal opinion is added or implied, sometimes by word choice. It may not honestly discuss the content, ex: takes out of context.

Meaning of Words

Denotation: literal dictionary definition for a word

Example: homeless means a person without a home

Meaning of Words

Connotation: implied feeling or idea in addition to literal definition

Example: Bum and hobo mean a negative person without a home, but it implies fault and laziness

Connotation

Connotation

Real Ex.: Trayvon Martin Case

HierarchyDefinition: a system of ranking authority, power, influence, or other factors from high levels to low levels.

Topic Sentence: most important, main idea sentence in a paragraph, including key noun and verbs. Should summarize the entire paragraph. All other sentences should pertain to this sentence. Typically the most general sentence. Often at start.

Supporting Idea: a slightly more specific idea that begins to outline/explain support for the topic sentence.

Sub-Detail: highly specific detail, facts, examples, and information that elaborates and expands on supporting ideas. The most specific parts of the paragraph.

Supporting Idea: a slightly more specific idea that begins to outline/explain support for the topic sentence.

Sub-Detail: highly specific detail, facts, examples, and information that elaborates and expands on supporting ideas. The most specific parts of the paragraph.

Supporting Idea: a slightly more specific idea that begins to outline/explain support for the topic sentence.

Sub-Detail: highly specific detail, facts, examples, and information that elaborates and expands on supporting ideas. The most specific parts of the paragraph.

CONTEXT CLUES1. Synonyms: His decision to cheat abased or lowered

his reputation with teachers.2. Cause/Effect: His cheating abased his reputation,

leading to a poor recommendation.3. Example: Cheating, lying, and stealing will

permanently abase your character.4. Antonyms: She refused to let them abase her

character by volunteering twenty hours per week.5. Context: The prosecutor tried to abase the

defendant’s standing with the jury.

Sentence Types

• Simple Sentence: one set of people doing one set of things.

Ex: The teacher and students attended and listened to the assembly.

Sentence Types

• Compound Sentence: two sets of people doing two sets of things. May be the same set from previously but is reintroduced. Basically two complete sentences combined.

Ex: The teacher and students attended and listened to the assembly, and then the teacher and students headed back to class.

Ex: The teacher and students attended and listened to the assembly; then the teacher and students headed back to class.

Sentence Types

• Complex Sentence: one set of people doing one set of things with a dependent clause listing another set doing things that are less important and not an independent sentence.

Ex: The teacher and students attended and listened to the assembly because it was important.

Ex: Then the teacher and students headed back to class where they planned to finish out the period.