Active and passive learning& effective use of study

materials

Web copy

Dr. Kosala Marambe

Medical Education Unit

20th June 2013

Teacher objectives

To motivate you, students, to become active learners so that you understand concepts as opposed to isolated facts

Help you understand the basis of some of teaching learning activities in the curriculum (those require active participation of the learner)

Student learning objectives

Student should be able to define the term learning, in behavioral

terms and cognitive terms describe characteristic features of active

and passive learning apply the definitions of learning to identify

teaching learning methods, which enable deep learning and effective retention of information

Lecture outline

Explore the term learning Active and passive learning Active learning strategies Effective learning methods Learning approaches Adult learning theory- principles

Learning

A process resulting in some modification, relatively permanent, of the way of thinking, feeling and doing of the learner

(more behavioral definition)

(Educational handbook for health personnel. World Health Organization, 1998)

Learning

Learning is construction of knowledge, based on prior

knowledge and new information that is interpreted by prior

knowledge.

(Cognitive Psychology)

Two types of Learning

Active

Passive

Two types of learning

Active - Learner takes the responsibility for learning, less dependant on teachers - knows how to learn- life long learner

Passive – Very much dependant on the teacher and expects most to be provided, lectures, lecture notes, questions etc. find difficult to keep abreast with new knowledge

Passive Learning

Listening to a lecturer, taking down everything that is told

Waiting to be told what to do next

following routines without questioning/ reasoning out

Teacher is in full control, authoritarian

What is meant by active learning?

Learner is taking the initiative for ones’ learning,

learner is in control of learning

Teacher is only a guide

Active learning

Reading text bookse learning

DiscussionsClinical cases of relevance

Engaged in practicalObservation

ProjectsTeaching others

Portfolio

“Teaching methods which place the student in an

Active situation for learning are more likely to be effective than those which do not”

George Miller ( Medical educationist)

Strategies for active learning

Setting goals Setting up a plan for what you need to

achieve Developing a table with deadlines Making decisions Checking progress If things are not working right taking

remedial measures

Learning aids

Objectives Lectures Practical classes Patients Ward work Discussions books Internet Writing summaries/ answers Journal articles

Retaining power of T/L methods

Learning approaches of students

Surface approach

Students focus their attention on isolated details. They are often trying to memorise these individual details in the same form in which they first appeared

Deep approach

Students focus their attention on the underlying meaning or message. They attempt to relate ideas together and construct their own meaning, possibly in relation to their own experience

Strategic

Student adopts deep and surface approaches in combination so as to achieve the highest possible marks.

Strategic

The approach involves using well organized study methods and careful time management, alertness to cues given by tutors about what they are looking for in deciding grades or marks or what they are going to set in the examinations.

The students are conscious of two separate foci of attention the academic content and the teacher’s reward system.

(Marton, Hounsell and Entwistle 1997)

Adult learning theory

Malcolm Knowles - American educationist

Involve learners in diagnosing their own needs

as such acts will help to trigger internal motivation

Encourage learners to formulate their own learning objectives

this gives them more control of their learning

Adult learning contd.Encourage learners to identify resources

and devise strategies for using the resources to achieve their objectives

Support learners in carrying out their learning plans

Involve learners in evaluating their own learning

this can develop their skills of critical reflection.

Factors which facilitate learning

Relevance Motivation Feedback –early, detailed Examinations Access to multiple resources Learning environment

A wisdom sloka from Mahabarata

A quarter of our learning comes from our receptors

Own intellect and talent provides a quarter

A quarter from the peers and friendsAnd the remainder only with time

(UGC 2006)

Teaching and learning in higher education…

“Your teacher can open the door for you, but you must enter by yourself”

Summary

Learning ? definitions

Active learning and passive learning

Active learning strategies

Adult learners -desirable approaches

Take home message

Be self directed, adult learners

Make the maximum use of the active learning opportunities, during the MBBS course

Be more engaged in learning and enjoy

Website for high quality videos

From Khan academy

h

ttps://www.khanacademy.org/about/med-competition