Acronym Dictionary and Glossary

CSR ACRONYM DEFINITIONSCSR Acronym Definitions A-D http://www.csrstds.com/acro-a-d.htm.CSR Acronym Defintions E-H http://www.csrstds.com/acro-e-h.htm.CSR Acronym Definitions I-M http://www.csrstds.com/acro-i-m.htm.CSR Acronym Definitions N-R http://www.csrstds.com/acro-n-r.htm.

Acronym Definitions last updated November 26, 2001. If you have changes or corrections, please e-mailthem to ebaskin@csrstds.com. Thank you.Communications Standards Reviewe-mail: ebaskin@csrstds.com

SSEC Acronyms ListSSEC Acronyms List http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/pubs/acronyms.htm.Updated 17 December 2001 by the SSEC Webmaster.(current December 2001)

ANSI ASC X12N - Acronym DictionaryOCTOBER 1997ASC X12N ACRONYM DICTIONARY http://www.wpc-edi.com/AcronymDictionary/Index.htmlASC X12N ACRONYM DICTIONARY http://www.wpc-edi.com/AcronymDictionary/Dictionary.html

Acronym Dictionary http://www.wpc-edi.com/AcronymDictionary/Dictionary.htm.

DictionaryA List of Xcellweb Features plus a collection of Internet expressionsXcellweb Services/Dictionary http://www.xcellweb.com/html/dictionary.htm.Sales@xcellweb.com(503) 968-4307

MAD The MIPS Acronym DictionaryDon't get even, get MAD!webmaster@mips.as.arizona.eduSunday, October 28, 2001

Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.© Copyright 1998www.levitontelcom.com • e-mail: info@levitontelcom.comNewton’s Telecom Dictionary

BABEL: A LISTING OF COMPUTER ORIENTED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSDate Updated: 10/20/93

Version 93CCopyright (c) 1989-1993 Irving Kind All Rights Reserved

Irving Kind Internet: ikind@mcimail.comc/o K &D MCIMail: 545-3562One Church LaneBaltimore, MD 21208Sep 1993 version = BABEL93C Sep 1994 version = BABEL94C

CSGNetwork's Online Computer, Telephony & Electronics ReferenceComputer Support Group & CSGNetwork.Com OnlineComputer, Telephony and Electronics Glossary and Dictionary wysiwyg://79/http://www.csgnetwork.com/glossaryp.htm.This Page Last Downloaded or Refreshed: Thursday, January 01, 1970 00:00:00

AFRL Acronym Dictionary http://www.afrl.af.mil/dictionary.htm.

For questions regarding information on this page pleasecontact webmaster@afrl.af.mil, AFRL/XPTC, 937-255-0785, DSN 785-0785AFRL Acronym Dictionary http://www.afrl.af.mil/dictionary.htm

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CSR ACRONYM DEFINITIONS1-1SDoC One Standard-One Test, Supplier¹s Declaration of Conformity2B1Q 2 Binary 1 Quaternary3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project (ETSI)3WC Three Way Call

-A-A/D Analog to DigitalA&T Architecture & Transport (DSL Forum Committee, formerly ATM)A/TT Analog Tie Trunk (TIA-646-B)AAA Authentication, Authorization and AccountingAAC Advanced Audio CodingAACCH Auxiliary Analog Control ChannelAAL ATM Adaptation LayerAAL(D) Analog PSTN Access Line (Analog PBX Interface, TIA-646-B)AAL5-CU ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Composite UserAAP Alternative Approval ProceduresAASO Advanced Audio Server Override (package)AASS Advanced Audio Server Set (package)AAU Advanced Audio PackageAAV Authentication Algorithm VersionABAC Aggregate Bearer Admission ControlAbC Approval by CorrespondenceABM Aggregate Bearer MeasurementABNF Augmented Backus-Naur FormABR Average Bit RateABT Adaptive Block TransformAC Advisory CircularAC Alternating CurrentAC Authentication CenterAC Auto Configuration (DSL Forum)AC Automatic CallbackACA Adaptive Channel AllocationACBO Automatic Cross Band OperationACC Analog Control ChannelACCH Associated Control ChannelACD Automatic Call DistributionACE Advanced Coding EfficiencyACELP Adaptive CELPACF Authentication Control FunctionACG Automatic Code GappingACIL Association of Independent Scientific, Engineering and Testing FirmsACK AcknowledgmentACKS AcknowledgmentsACM Address Complete MessageACOS IEC Advisory Committee on SafetyACR Absolute Category RatingACR Alternate Carrier RoutingACR Anonymous Call RejectionACRE Authorization and Call Routing EquipmentACS Automatic Configuration Service

ACSB Amplitude Companded Single Side BandACSE Association Control Service ElementACT ActivationACTA Administrative Council for Terminal Attachment (T1 and TIA)ACTE Approvals Committee for Terminal EquipmentACTS Advanced Communications Technology SatelliteAD Administrative DomainADA Americans with Disabilities ActADAAG ADA Accessibility GuidelinesAD-BES Administrative Back-End ServicesADC Analog to Digital ConverterADDS Application Data Delivery ServiceADHAG Ad Hoc Authentication Group (TR-45.2)ADI Analog Devices Inc.ADL ADSL without underlying POTS or ISDNADL All Digital LoopADL Automatic Determination of LocationADLC Asynchronous Data Link ControlADLG Automatic Determination of Location and GuidanceADLNB Association of Designated Laboratories and Notified Bodies (European)ADP Answer Detection PatternADPCM Adaptive Differential PCMADS Asynchronous DataADSI Analog Display Services Interface (Bellcore)ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop (Line)ADSLF ADSL ForumADSL-R Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop (Remote)ADT Asynchronous Data TeleserviceAEC Acoustic Echo ControllerAECE Acoustic Echo Control EquipmentAES Advanced Encryption Standard-RijndaelAFE Analog Front EndAFNOR Association francaise de normalisation (French Standardization)AG Access GrantAGC Audiographics ConferencingAGC Automatic Gain ControlAGCH Access Grant ChannelAGNI Advisory Group for Network IssuesAHAG Ad Hoc Authentication Group (TR-45)AHES Ad Hoc Emergency Services (TR-45.2)AHG Ad Hoc GroupaHIT! TIPIA merger into IMTCAHMMG Ad Hoc Microcell/Microsystems GuidelinesAHPAI Ad Hoc PCS Air Interface Joint GroupAHSOG Ad Hoc on Self Organization GroupAHWG Ad Hoc Working GroupAI Air InterfaceAI Answer Indicator (V.8)AIC Advanced Intra CodingAIG Administrators Interest GroupAIG Authentication Implementation GuideAIIM Association for Information and Image ManagementAIN Advanced Intelligent NetworkAINI ATM Inter Network Interface

AIS Alarm Indication SignalAIV Alternative Inter VLCa.k.a. Also Known AsAL Answer ListAL1 H.223 Adaption Layer 1AL-PDU Answer List - Protocol Data UnitAL-SDU Answer List - Service Data UnitALC Automatic Level ControlALCE Automatic Level Control EquipmentALE Automatic Link Establishment RadiosALF Application Level FramingALI Automatic Location IdentificationALIT Automatic Line Insulation TestALT Automatic Link TransferALU Arithmetic Logic UnitAM Amplitude ModulationAM Assignment MessageAMA Adaptive Motion AccuracyAMA/CDR Automatic Message Accounting/Call Detail RecordingAMD AmendmentAMF Authentication Management FunctionAMPS Advanced Mobile Phone ServiceAMR Adaptive MultiRateAMR-WB Adaptive Multi-Rate WidebandAN Access NetworkAN Access NodeAN Advisory NoteANAI Access Network Architecture and InterfacesANATEL Agencia Nacional de Telecomunicacoes (Brazil)ANF Additional Network FeatureANF-CMN Common Information Additional Network Feature (H.450.12)ANFP Access Network Frequency PlanANI Automatic Number IdentificationANOVA Analysis of Variance ProcedureANS Answer ToneANSam Answer Tone, amplitude modulated (V.8)ANSI American National Standards InstituteANT Access Network Transport (Q1/15)AOC Advice of ChangeAOC Advice of ChargeAOC ADSL Overhead ChannelAOC-D Advice Of Charge during a callAOC-E Advice Of Charge at the End of a callAOD Audio on DemandAP Advanced PredictionAP Application ProtocolsAPCM Analog PCM ModemAPCO Associated Public Safety Communications Officers, Inc.APDU Application Protocol Data UnitAPE Application Protocols EntitiesAPEC Asian Pacific Economic CooperationAPI Application Programming InterfaceAPIC APCO Project 25 Interface CommitteeAPLAC Asian Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation

APON ATM PONAPP Application MarkerAPS Asynchronous Protocol SpecificationAR Adaptive Reception ControlAR Auto-RegressiveAR Automatic RecallARC Adaptive Reception ControlARC Alarm Reporting ControlARCH Access Response ChannelARDB Administrative Reference DataBaseARF Audio Resource FunctionARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (accredited standards setting body in Japan)ARJ Admission RejectARLP Acoustic Reference Level PlanARM Application Resource ManagerARQ Automatic Repeat RequestASAP As Soon As PossibleASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASE Applications Service ElementASIC Application Specific Integrated CircuitASID Access, Searching and Indexing of DirectoriesASL Active Speech LevelASN Abstract Symbol NotationASO Arbitrary Slice OrderingASOG Access Service Ordering GuidelinesASP Application Service ProviderASR Automatic Speech RecognitionASTM formerly American Society of Testing and MeasurementASVD Analog SVDAT Access and Terminals (ETSI TC)AT Asynchronous TerminalATA Analog Terminal and Access ProjectATa Analog Working Group (ETSI TC AT)AT-A ETSI Access and Terminals Analog Working GroupATAAB Analog Technical Ad hoc Advisory BoardATAc ATA's Conventional Technology WGATAe ATA's Enhanced Technology WGATBCB Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance BoardATC Analog Traffic ChannelAT-D ETSI Access and Terminals Digital Working GroupATd Digital Working Group (TC AT)ATf Features Working Group (TC AT)ATF Administrative Task ForceAT-F ETSI Access and Terminals Features Working GroupATG Access Transport Group (DSL Forum)ATIA Australian Telecommunications Industry AssociationATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry SolutionsATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeATMF ATM ForumATMOVE Adaptive-Template MovementATM-Utopia Universal Test and Operations Physical Layer Interface for ATMATO Analog Tandem Office (TIA-646-B)ATS Abstract Test SuiteATS Assigned Time Slot

ATV Advanced TelevisionAuF Authentication FunctionAV AudioVisualAVC Audio Visual CodingAVC Audiovisual ConferencingAVD Alternating Voice DataAVI Interactive Audiovisual ServicesAVIS Audio Visual Information SystemsAVMMS AudioVisual and MultiMedia ServicesAVT Audio/Visual TransportAWG American Wire GaugeAWGN Additive White Gaussian NoiseAWI Alert With Info

-B-B Bi-directionally predictedB2B Business-to-BusinessB2C Business-to-ConsumerB2G Business-to-GovernmentB&G Bits&Gains (Q4/15)B&W Black and WhiteBA Basic Access (ISDN)BAM Biconic ConnectorBAPT Bundesamt fur Post und TelekommunikationBARAS ETSI SAGE standard encryption algorithm for audiovisual servicesBAS Bit rate Allocation SignalBAU Base Audio PackageBB Bandwidth BrokerBBN Bulk Billing NumberBBS Bulletin Board SystemBC Basic CallBC Bearer ChannelBCC Basic Control ChannelBCCA Board Committee on Conformity AssessmentBCCH Broadcast Control ChannelBCD Binary Coded DecimalBCDF Broadband Content Delivery ForumBCF Backward Control FieldBCF Bearer Control FunctionBCH Bose, Chaudhuri, and HocquenghamBCM Back Channel MessageBCTP Basic Call Transfer Protocol (SG11)BD-PSNR Bjøntegaard delta PSNRBDS Blank Detail SpecificationBE Border ElementBEM Big Emerging MarketsBER Bit Error RateBERT Bit Error Rate TestBES Back-End ServicesBEST Back-End Service Transaction(B)FER Burst Frame Error RateBF Bearer FunctionBFI Bad Frame IndicatorBFOC Bayonet Fiber Optic Connector

BFT Binary File TransferBGN Background Noise ConditionsB-HLI Broadband High Layer InformationBICC Bearer Independent Call ControlBICSI Building Industry Consulting Services InternationalBID Billing ID NumbersBINTERMS Basic Interoperability for Terminals for Telematic ServicesB-ISDN Broadband ISDNB-ISUP Broadband ISDN User PartBITB Boulder Industry Test BedBLER Block Error RatesBLERf Error Free Block RateBLES Broadband Loop Emulation ServiceB-LLI Broadband Lower Layer InformationBME Block based Motion EstimationBMI Base Station, Mobile Switching Center, and Interworking FunctionBMSC Base Station Manufacturer CodeBNC ID Backbone Network Connection IdentifierBNF Backus-Naur FormB-NT Broadband Network TerminationBNT Binary File TransferBNTF Bi-National Task ForceBNTG Bi-National Task GroupBNWG Bi-National Working GroupBO Business OfficeBOF Birds of a FeatherBoD Board of DirectorsBOMA Building Owners & Managers AssociationBONDING Bandwidth On Demand Interest Group (TR-41)BOS Business Object SummitBPI+ Baseline Privacy Interface PlusB-PISN Broadband PISNBPON Broadband Passive Optical NetworkBPTC Block-Product-Turbo-CodesB-QSIG Broadband QSIGBRA Basic Rate AccessBRAN Broadband Radio Access Networks (ETSI TC)BRAS Broadband Remote Access ServerBRI Basic Rate InterfaceBRKACK Break Acknowledge frame (V.42)BRM Bit Repetition MessageBRQ Bandwidth RequestBS Base StationBSC Base Station ControllerBSC Binary Symmetric ChannelsBSMAP Base Station Management Application PartBSMC Base Station Manufacturer CodeBSMI Bureau of Standards, Metrology and InspectionB-SMS Broadcasts Short Message ServiceBSN Broadband Service Node (Nortel)BSR Board of Standards Review (ANSI)BSS Base Station SystemBSS Broadcasting-Satellite ServiceBST Broadcast SMS Teleservice

BT British Telecom (United Kingdom PTT)BTA Basic Trading AreaBTC Business Telecommunications Committee (ETSI)BTM Basic Transfer ModeBTS Base Transceiver SystemB-UNI Broadband User Network InterfaceB-VOP Bidirectional Video Object PlanesB/W Black and WhiteBWC Bandwidth ControlBWS Building Wiring Standard

-C-C&I Commands and IndicationsC&S Control and Signaling (ATM Forum Working Group)CA Channel AggregationCA Communication Application (T.611)CA Conformity AssessmentCAB Conformity Assessment BodyCABA North America's Home and Building Automation AssociationCABAC Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic CodingCAC Carrier Access CodeCAC Connection Admission ControlCAD Computer Aided DesignCAGJES Canadian Advisory Group on Joint Electrical Safety CommitteeCAI Common Air InterfaceCAL Common Application LanguageCALEA Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement ActCAMA Centralized Automatic Message AccountingCANACINTRA Camara Nacional de la Industria de Transformacion (Mexico)CANIECE Camara Nacional de la Industria Electronica Y de Communicaciones Electricas (Mexico)CAP Carrier-less Amplitude modulation Phase modulationCAPI Common APICAPCS Cellular Auxiliary Personal Communications ServiceCARE Carrier Access Records ExchangeCAS Channel Associated SignalingCAS Customer Alert SignalCASCO Committee on Conformity Assessment (ISO)CASE Conformity Assessment System Evaluation (NIST)CASS Common Air Satellite StructureCAT Cellular Action Team (ECSP committee)CATS Consortium for Audiographics Teleconferencing StandardsCATV Cable TelevisionCAVE Cellular Authentication and Voice Encryption AlgorithmCAWG Conformity Assessment Working Group (Trilateral)CB Call Barring (TIA TR-34)CB Certification BodyCB Citizen BandCBC Call Bearer ControlCBC Cipher Block ChainingCBEMA Computing Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (see ITI)CBP Coded Block Pattern (H.261)CBPCM Coded Block Pattern - ChrominanceCBPC Coded Block Pattern for ChrominanceCBPY Coded Block Pattern for Luminance

CBR Constant Bit RateCC Call ControlCC Common CarrierCC Communication Capability fieldCC Conference CallCC Continuity Check (Rec. I.610)CC Control ChannelCCA Common Cryptographic AlgorithmCCB Common Carrier BureauCCBS Completion of Calls to Busy SubscribersCCIR Comite consultatif international des radiocommunicationsCCITT Comite consultatif international telegraphique et telephoniqueCCM Call Connection ManagementCCR Call Connect ReliabilityCCR Comparison Category RatingCCS Common Channel SignalingCCSN Common Channel Signaling NetworkCCSRL Control Channel Segmentation and Reassembly LayerCCT Channel Check TestCCT Consultative Committee - Telecommunications (Trilateral)CD Committee DraftCD Communication DeviceCD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only MemoryCDCP Call Detail Collect PointCDG CDMA Development GroupCDGP Call Detail Generation PointCDH Cooperative Document HandlingCDIS Call Detail Information SourceCDL Coded Digital control channel LocatorCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCDN Content Distribution NetworkCDPD Cellular Digital Packet DataCDR Call Detail RecordingCDRP Call Detail Rating PointCDS Caller Display SignalingCDTAC FCC Consumer/Disability Telecommunications Advisory CommitteeCDV Committee Draft for Vote, IECCE Capabilities ExchangeCE Core ExperimentCEASD Common ETSI Approach to Standards DevelopmentCeBIT Trade show in Hannover, GermanyCEBus Consumer Electronics BusCEC Canadian Electric CodeCEC European Committee for StandardizationCED Called Station Identification (T.30)CEG Card Expert Group (ETSI)CEG Integrated Circuit Card Expert GroupCELP Code Excited Linear PredictionCEN Commission Europeenne de Normalisation (European Standards Committee)CENELEC Commission Europeenne de Normalisation Electrotechnique (European ElectrotechnicalStandards Committee)CEOC Clear Embedded Operations ChannelCEPT Conference of European PTTsCER Cell Error Ratio

CEXT Central Office End CrosstalkCESID Caller Emergency Station IdentificationCF Call ForwardingCF Center FrequenciesCF Communication FunctionsCFA Carrier Failure Alarms (s)CFBL Call Forward Busy Line/ Don't AnswerCFI Calling Feature IndicatorCFP Computer Fax ProtocolCFP Cypher FeedbackCFR Code of Federal RegulationsCFR Confirmation to ReceiveCFU Call Forwarding - UnconditionalCG Correspondence GroupCGI Control Grid InterpolationCH Compare HDLCCHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication ProtocolCHASE A class of algorithms for decoding block codes, after D. ChaseCHS Candidate Harmonized StandardCI Call Indicator (V.8)CI Calling IdentityCI Characteristic ImpedanceCI Count IndicatorCI Customer InstallationCI Customer InterfaceC/I Carrier to Interference RatioCIA Calling subscriber Internet AddressCIAJ Communications Industry Association of JapanCIB Configuration Information BaseCIC Circuit Identifier CodeCICES Canadian Interference Causing Equipment StandardCID Caller IdentificationCIDCW Calling Identity Delivery on Call WaitingCIELAB a device-independent color spaceCIF Common Intermediate FormatCIG Calling Subscriber IdentificationCILC Canadian Interconnection Liaison CommitteeCIM Common Information ModelCIP Component-Independent PaletteCIR Carrier to Interference RatioCISC CRTC Interconnection Steering CommitteeCISPR International Special Committee on Radio InterferenceCISPR/I Subcommittee of CISPR dealing with EMC of information technology, multimediaequipment, and receiversCIT Charge-Rate Indication TeleserviceCITEL Comision Internanericana de TelecomunicacionesCJ CM terminatorCL Capabilities Select (see CR)CLAD Cell Assembly/DisassemblyCLASS Bellcore service mark for signaling features such as Caller IDCLEC Competitive Local Exchange CarriersCLEI Common Language Equipment IdentifiactionCLI Calling Line IdentificationCLID Calling Line Identity

CLIP Calling Line Identification PresentationCLIP Calling Line ID ParameterCLLI Common Language Location Identifier (Telcordia)CLNP Connectionless Network ProtocolCLR Capabilities List RequestCLR Cell Loss RatioCLR Circuit Layout RecordCM Cable ModemCM Call ManagerCM Call MenuCM Channel ManagementCM Common ModeCM Connection ManagementCMB CRC Message Block (TIA-464-C)CMC Common Mail CallCMC Common Messaging CallCME Circuit Multiplication EquipmentCME Communications Management EntityCMI Controlled Mode IdleCMIP Common Management Information ProtocolCMIS Common Management Information ServicesCMISE Common Management Information Service ElementCMMR Common Mode RejectionCMMRD Cellular Microcell/Microsystem Requirements DocumentCMN Common informationCMODES Confidentiality ModesCMOS Comparison Mean Opinion ScoreCMOS Complimentary Metal Oxide SemiconductorCMRS Commercial Mobile Radio Services (U.S.)CMS Call Management ServerCMS Call Management SignalingCMS Circuit Multiplication SystemCMT Cellular Messaging TeleserviceCMTSD Cellular Mobile Telephone Service DescriptionsCMY Cyan, Magenta, YellowCMYK Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, BlackCN Corporate NetworkCNAD Calling Name DeliveryCNAP Calling Name PresentationCNAR Calling Name RestrictionCNG Calling Tone (T.30)CNG Comfort Noise GeneratorCNI Calling Number IdentificationCNI Comfort Noise InsertionCNID Calling Number IdentificationCNIP Calling Number Identification PresentationCNIP Calling Name Identity PresentationCNIR Calling Number Identification RestrictionCNP Connection Negotiation ProtocolCNR Carrier to Noise RatioCNRP Common Name Resolution ProtocolCO Central OfficeCOFETEL Comision Federal de Telecomunicaciones de MexicoCoIP Conferencing over IP (IMTC Activity Group)

COMM comm.drv for Microsoft WindowsCONNEG Content Negotiations (IETF)COO Cell of OriginCOPEE Council on Office Products Energy EfficiencyCOPS Common Open Policy ServiceCORBA Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCORD Cibernet On-line Roaming DatabaseCOS Corporation for Open SystemsCOS-OST Corporation for Open Systems Executive Industry GroupCOSP Customer Owned Outside PlantCOST Co-Operation in the field of Science and Technology researchCOTS Commercial Off-The-ShelfCP Communications ProtocolCP Continuous Presence (H.243)CP Customer PremisesCP Cyclical PrefixCPA Combined Paging/AccessCPAN Customer Premises Area NetworkCPAP Customer Premises Access ProfileCPCS Common Part Convergence SublayerCPE Customer Premise EquipmentCPEV City Pair Polyethylene PVCCPF Compatible Protocol FieldCPH Call Party HandlingCP-IWF Customer Premises - InterWorking Function (ATM Forum)CPL Call Processing LanguageCPM Continuous Presence MultipointCPN Calling Party NumberCPN Customer Premise NetworkCPS Common Part Sublayer (ATMF)CPSII Communications Protocol Stack Independent InterfaceCPT Cellular Paging TeleserviceCPU Central Processing UnitCQ CAS SignalCQ Communication QualityCQPSK Compatible Differential Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Digital Modulation)CR Capabilities Request (see CL)CRe Capabilities Request sent by autoanswering station at call initiationCRC Cyclic Redundancy CodeCRFP Cordless Radio Fixed PartsCR-LDP Constraint-based Routed Label Distribution Protocol (a protocol within MPLS)CRP Command RepeatCRT Cathode Ray TubeCRT Chinese Remainder TheoremCRTC Canadian Radio and Television CommissionCRTS Cellular Radio Telecommunications ServiceCRV Call Reference ValueCS Canadian StandardCS Circuit SwitchedCS1 BICC Capability Set 1CS2 BICC Capability Set 2CS-ACELP Conjugate Structure ACELPCS-PDU Convergence Sublayer - Protocol Data UnitCSA Called Subscriber Internet Address

CSA Canadian Standards AssociationCSA Carrier Serving AreaCSC Call Signalling ChannelCSCI Computer Software Configuration ItemCSD Coordinated Standards DocumentCSDN Circuit Switched Data NetworkCSD-P Circuit Switched Data, Point-to-Point ServiceCSE Communication Service EquipmentCSF Signaling Control FunctionCSI Construction Specification InstituteCSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision DetectionCSN Circuit-Switched NetworkCSO Curvature of the Second OrderCSPP Computer System Policy ProjectCSR Communications Standards ReviewCSS Communications Standards SummaryCSS Composite Source SignalCSS Convolutional Spectral ShapingCSTA Computer Supported Telecommunications ApplicationsCSU Customer Service UnitCT Call TraceCT2 Cordless Telephone 2 (ETSI)CTA Council For Terminal AttachmentCTB Composite Triple BeatCTE Connected Telecommunications EquipmentCTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry AssociationCTE Connected Telecommunications EquipmentCTE Connected Terminal EquipmentCTF Consumer Telephone Forum (Telcordia)CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry AssociationCTI Computer Telephony IntegrationCTM Cordless Terminal MobilityCTN Corporate Telecommunication NetworksCTO Chief Technical OfficersCTP Common Transport ProtocolCTR Common Technical RequirementsCTRMP Cordless Telephone Range Measurement PerformanceCTX CentrexCU Composite UserCuT codec under testCV Code ViolationCVoADSL Channnelized Voice over ADSLCVoDSL Channnelized Voice over DSLCVoSDSL Channnelized Voice over SDSLCVSD Continuous Variable Slope DetectionCW Call WaitingCW Continuous WaveCWD Call Waiting DeluxeCWID Call Waiting IDCWP Cost Work ProgramCYL Complex stutter dial report

-D-D-AMPS Digital AMPS

D/A Digital to AnalogD/S DownstreamD/TT Digital Tie TrunkDA Delegated AuthorityDAA Data Access ArrangementDAC D/A ConverterDAL Digital Access LineDAM Diagnostic Acceptability MeasurementDANS Directory and Name ServiceDANS Distributed Access Node SystemDAP Document Application ProfileDAS Door Answering SystemDAT Digital Audio TapeDAVIC Digital Audio-Visual CouncilDAWS Digital Advanced Wireless ServiceDB Data BaseDBA Dynamic Bandwith AssignmentDBM Dual BitmapDBMS Data Base Management SystemDBS Direct Broadcast SatelliteDC Data CompressionDC Direct CurrentDC Directionality ClassificationDCA Dynamic Capacity AllocationDCC Data Country CodeDCC Digital Control ChannelDCCH Digital Control ChannelDCD Data Carrier DetectDCE Data Circuit terminating EquipmentDCE Digital Cellular EquipmentDCF Disengage ConFirmationDCME Digital Circuit Multiplication EquipmentDCMS Digital Circuit Multiplication SystemsDCN Disconnect (T.30 )DCP Digital Connectivity ProbingDCOR Draft technical Corrigendum (ISO/IEC)DCR Degradation Category RatingDCS Digital Cellular SystemDCS Digital Command Signal (T.30)DCT Data Calling ToneDCT Discrete Cosine TransformDCT-U Digital Cordless Telephone - U.S.DDI Direct Dialing InDDoS Distributed Denial of ServiceDDR Document Discrepancy ReportDDS Digital Data ServiceDEC Digital Extended Command (proposed T.30 extended negotiations)DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (ETSI)DEG Draft ETSI GuideDEN Directory Enabled NetworksDEO Digital End OfficeDER Digital Extended Request (proposed T.30 extended negotiations)DES Data Encryption Standard (U.S.)DES Digital Extend Signal (T.30)

DES Draft European StandardDF Data Compression Format (T.class2)DF Deblocking FilterDFD Displaced Frame DifferenceDFE Decision Feedback EqualizerDFP Distributed Functional PlaneDFPA Defense Fire Protection AssociationDG Drafting GroupDGN Director General de Normas (SECOFI, Mexican Standards Organization)DGS Digital StationDH Diffie-Hellman protocolDHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol (RFC 2131)DHE Document Handling EquipmentDI Digital InterfaceDI Distribution InterfaceDIAMETER IETF protocol used for authentication, authorization and accountingDIC Delay Interval CompensationDID Direct Inward DialingDIG ISDN compatible Digital Station and tie trunk (TIA-646-B)DIL Digital Impairment LearningDIMRS Digital Integrated Mobile Radio SystemDIN Deutsche Institut fur Normung (German Standardization Institute)DIS Digital Identification SignalDIS Draft International Standard (ISO)DISA Defense Information Systems AgencyDISXML Extended Markup LanguageDJGPP MSDOS port of gccDKTS Digital Key Telephone StationDLC Digital Loop CarrierDLC Dynamic Load ControlDLCI Data Link Connection IdentifierDLL Dynamic Link LibraryDLP Data Protocol (H.DLP)DM Differential ModeDMA Direct Memory AccessDMH Data Message HandlerDMI Desktop Management InterfaceDMI Draft Miscellaneous Work Item (ETSI)DMIF DSM-CC Multimedia Integration FrameworkDMOS Degradation MOSDMP Downlink Measurement ProtocolDMT Discrete MultiToneDMT Discrete Multi-tone CarrierDMTF Desktop Management Task ForceDMV Differential Motion VectorDN Directory NumberDND Do Not DisturbDNI Digital Negotiation Information SignalDNIS Dialed Number Identification ServiceDNK Digital Not acKnowledgeDNS Domain Name ServerDoC Declaration of ConformityDOC Department of CommerceDOC Department of Communications (Canada)

DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface SpecificationDoD Department of Defense (U.S.)DOE Department of Energy (U.S.)DOL Data Off-LoadingDoS Denial of ServiceDOS Department of State (U.S.)DP Data PrivacyDP Data PumpDP Dial PulseDPA Data Privacy AlgorithmDPA Document Printing ApplicationDPBX Digital PBXDPCM Digital PCM ModemDPI Dots Per InchDPL Digital Power Line (Q1/15)DPS Data Partitioned SliceDPS Dynamic Power SaveDPNSS Digital Private Network Signaling SystemDPSK Differential Phase Shift KeyingDPT Distribution-Preserving TomlinsonDQoS Dynamic Quality of ServiceDQUANT Field for modified quantization mode (H.263+)DR Discrepancy ReportDRA Dynamic Rate AdaptationDRC Dynamic Rate ChangeDRM Digital Rights ManagementDRQ Disengage RequestDRP ear Drum Reference PointDRR Dynamic Rate RepartitioningDRT Diagnostic Rhyme TestDRUMS Detailed Revision/Update of MessageDS0 64 kbit/s ChannelDS1 1.544 Mbit/s T1 InterfaceDS3 44.736 Mbit/s T3 InterfaceDSA Directory System AuthenticationDSAA DECT Standard Authentication AlgorithmDSAP Data Services Access ProfileDSAT Digital Supervisory Audio ToneDSC DECT Standard CipherDSCP Differentiated Services Code PointDSI Digital Speech InterpolationDSL Digital Subscriber LineDSL Document SeLectionDSLAM DSL Access MultiplexerDSLF DSL ForumDSM-CC Digital Storage Media - Command and ControlDSMCC Digital System Multimedia Communication ControlDSN Delivery Status NotificationDSN Disposition Service NotificationDSP Digital Signal ProcessingDSR Data Set ReadyDSR Distributed Speech RecognitionDSR Dynamic Symbol ReorderingDSREQ Data Service Request

DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signaling 1DSU Data Service UnitDSV Distributed Speaker VerificationDSVD Digital SVDDSX Digital Signal Cross-ConnectDT Dual ToneDTA Digital Terminal and Access Project (ETSI)DTAAB DECT Technical Advisory Ad hoc BoardDTAM Document Transfer Access MethodDTAP Direct Transfer Application PartDTC Digital Traffic ChannelDTC Digital Transmit CommandDTD Document Type DefinitionDTE Data Terminal EquipmentDTG Digital TV Group (UK)DTIF Disabilities Issues Task ForceDTL Designated Transit ListDTM Dynamic synchronousTransfer ModeDTMF Dual Tone Multi FrequencyDTR Data Terminal ReadyDTR Draft Technical Report (ETSI)DTS Definitive Telefax StandardDTS Draft Technical Standard (ETSI)DTV Digital TVDTX Discontinuous TransmissionDUT Device Under TestDV Digital VideoDVB Digital Video BroadcastingDVB-T DVB TerrestrialDVCC Digital Verification Color CodeDVD Digital Versatile Disk (also Digital Video Disk)DVEM Differential Vector Error MagnitudeDWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

-E-E 20 bit sequenceE&M Ear and Mouth: Separate signaling linesE2E End to EndEA European AccreditationEBNF Extended Backus-Naur FormEBU European Broadcasting UnionebXML electronic business XML ConsortiumEC Echo CanceledEC Echo CancelerEC Echo ControlEC Error Control (TR-29)EC Error CorrectionEC European CommissionEC Exchange CarriersECB Electronic CodebookECC Expanded Control ChannelECCA European Cable Communications AssociationECDC Error Correction / Data CompressionECE Echo Cancellation Equipment

ECIC Electronic Communications Implementation CommitteeECM Error Correction ModeECMA European Communications Manufacturers AssociationECN Encoding Control Notation (ASN.1)ECS Emergency Calling ServiceECSD Enhancement of High Speed Circuit Switched DataECSP Electronic Communications Service ProviderECSQ Entropy Constrained Scalar QuantizationECT Explicit Call TransferECTA European Competitive Telecommunications AssociationECTEL European Telecommunications and Professional Electronics IndustryECTF Enhanced Communication and Transport ServiceECTF Enterprise Computer Telephony ForumECTRA European Commission of Telecommunications Regulatory AuthoritiesEC-VBR Embedded Coding Variable Bit RateECVQ Entropy Constrained Vector QuantizationEDACS Enhanced Digital Access Communications SystemEDC Electronic Document CoordinatorEDD Electronic Document DistributionEDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM EvolutionEDH Electronic Document HandlingEDI Electronic Data InterchangeEDSL Emerging DSL (DSL Forum Study Group)EDSLSG Emerging DSL Study Group (DSL Forum)EDT European Deaf TelephoneEE Equipment Engineering (ETSI Technical Committee)EEA European Economic AreaEEC European Economic CommunityEEMAC Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association of CanadaEEP Equal Error ProtectionEES Escrow Encryption StandardEFIS Electronic Flight Instrument SystemsEFM Ethernet in the First MileEFR Enhanced Full RateEFRC Enhanced Full Rate CodecEFT Electrical Fast TransientEFTA European Free Trade AreaEG ETSI GuideEG Expert GroupEG AN ETSI Guide Access NetworkEGDIR Expert Group DIRectory system (EWOS)EGMHS Expert Group Message Handling System (EWOS)EGPRS Enhanced General Packet Radio SystemEHS European Home StandardsEI Enhancement Intra (pictures, H.263)EI Error IndicatorEIA Electronic Industry AssociationEIAJ EIA JapanEIC Equipment Installer's CodeEICTA European Information and Communications Technology Industry AssociationEICAS Engine Indicating and Condition Advisory SystemEID Equipment IdentifierEID Error Insertion Deviceeifax extended internet fax

EII European Information InfrastructureEIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated PowerELAWG EMC Laboratories Accreditation Working GroupELCP Emulated Loop Control Protocol (ATMF, ETSI)ELFEXT Equal Level Far-End CrosstalkEM ElectromagneticEMA Electronic Messaging AssociationEMC ElectroMagnetic CompatibilityEMC Equipment Manufacturer's CodeEMCS ElectroMagnetic Compatibility SocietyEME Electromagnetic EmissionsEMI Electromagnetic InterferenceEMI Exchange Message Interface (Bellcore standard for data transmission between RBOC/LECand the IC/IXC/IEC)EMS Element Management SystemEMS Emergency ServicesEMT Electrical Metal TubingE-MTA Embedded Multimedia Terminal AdapterEN Enterprise NetworkEN European NormENP Extended Negotiation ProcedureENUM tElephone NUmbering Mapping (IETF)EOB End of BlockEOC Embedded Operations ChannelEOI End of ImageEOL End of Line (T.4)EOM End of Message (T.30)EOR/ERR End of Retransmission/ Response for End of RetransmissionEOS End of SelectionEOS End of SequenceEOSBS End of Sub-BitstreamEOS-PPS End of Selection for selective polling applicationsEOT End of TransmissionE-OTD Enhanced Observed Time DifferenceEP Enhancement Predicted (pictures, H.263)EP Error PatternEP ETSI ProjectEP Extended ProtocolEPA Environmental Protection AgencyEP-CN ETSI Project Corporate NetworkEP-DTA ETSI Project Digital Terminal AccessEP-EASI ETSI Project-European ATM Services InteroperabilityEPHOS European Procurement Handbook for Open SystemsEPIIC European Program on Information Infrastructure CommitteeEPIISG European Project on Information Infrastructure Starter GroupEPL Echo Path LossEPM Enter Parameter ModeEPP ETSI Partnership ProjectsEPT Echo Protect TimeERC European Radio CommitteesEREC Error Resilient Entropy Code/Error Robust Entropy CodeERF Emergency Related ForwardingERL Echo Return LossERM ETSI committee on EMC and Radio spectrum Matters

ERP Ear Reference PointERP Effective Radiated PowerERP EOC Register ProtocolERPS Enhanced Reference Picture SelectionES Echo SuppressorES Elementary StreamES Emergency ServicesES Errored SecondsES Escape SequenceES Escape SignalES ETSI StandardES Express SwappingESD Echo Suppressor DevicesESD ElectroStatic DischargeESF Extended SuperFrameESI Electronic Signatures and InfrastructuresESI Emergency Services InterfaceESLR Equivalent SLRES/MS Escape Signal/Mode SelectESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile RadioESMTP Extended Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolESN Electronic Serial NumberESNX Expanded Electronic Serial NumberESPM Extended System Parameters MessageESRD Emergency Services Routing DigitsESS Enhanced Signaling SystemseSTL evolving STLET (FCC) Office of Engineering and TechnologyE-TDMA Extended Time Division Multiple AccessETIB European Telecoms Intelligence BulletinETNO European Telecom. Network OrganizationETNS European Telephony Numbering SpaceETO European Telecommunications OfficeETP European Telecommunications PlatformETR ETSI Technical ReportETS European Telecommunications Standard (ETSI)ETSI European Telecommunications Standards InstituteEU European UnionEU MRA European Union Mutual Recognition AgreementsEURESCOM European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in TelecommunicationsEUROBIT European Association of Manufacturers of Business Machines and Information TechnologyEUT Equipment Under TestEV Embedded VBREVRC Enhanced Variable Rate CodecEWOS European Workshop on Open SystemsEXOR Exclusive OREXP Equal Erasure ProtectionEZW Embedded Zero-tree Wavelet (coding)

-F-FA Flexible AlertingFAA Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.)FACCH Fast Associated Control ChannelFAMOUS Future Advanced Mobile Universal System

FAQ Frequently Asked QuestionFAR Federal Aviation Regulations (U.S.)FAS Facility Associated SignalingFAS Frame Alignment SignalFBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (U.S.)FBM FEXT Bit Map mode (G.992.1, Annex C)FC Feature CodeFC Type of commercial fiber optic connector (Threaded)FC-PH Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface (ANSI X3)FCA Fixed Channel AllocationFCAPS Faults, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and Security (ISO)FCC Federal Communications Commission (U.S.)FCD Fast Track Committee Draft (ISO)FCF Facsimile Control Field (T.30)FCF Forward Control FieldFCS Frame Check SequenceFDA Food and Drug Administration (U.S.)FDAM Final Draft AMendmentFDD Frequency Division DuplexingFDDI Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceFDM Frequency Division MultiplexingFDIS Final Draft International Standard (ISO)FDM File Diagnostic MessagesFDMA Frequency Division Multiple AccessFDX Full DuplexFE Facilities ExchangeFE Functional EntitiesFEAL Fast Encryption AlgorithmFEC Forward Error CorrectionFEC Frame Erasure ConcealmentFECC Far End Camera ControlFE-EC Far End - Echo CancellerFEF Flat Equalized FEXTFEI Federation of Electronic Industries (UK)FEQ Frequency Domain EqualizerFER Frame Error RateFEXT Far End Cross TalkFF Feed ForwardFFPIM Full-mode Facsimile Profile of Internet MailFFS For Further StudyFFT Fast Fourier TransformFG Focus GroupFGS Fine Granularity ScalabilityFHWA Federal Highway Administration (U.S.)FI Format IdentifierFIF File Interchange FormatFIFO First In First OutFIPS Federal Information Processing StandardFIR Finite Impulse ResponseFL Facilities ListFLC Fixed Length CodewordFLMTS Future Land Mobile Telephony SystemsFM Fault ManagementFM Frequency Modulation

FMS Flight Management SystemsFMT Filtered MultiToneFNA Functional Network ArchitectureFNE Fixed Network EquipmentFNV Field Not ValidFNV Frame Not ValidFO Fiber Optic (TIA)FO Foreign OfficeFOC Fiber Optic ConnectorFOCIS Fiber Optic Connector Intermateability StandardFoIP Fax over Internet ProtocolFOM Figure of MeritFOREG Forced Registration FlagFOTAG Fiber Optic TAGFOTP Fiber Optic Test ProcedureFP Fixed PartFPDAM Final Proposed Draft AmendmentFPGA Field Programmable Gate ArrayFPH FreephoneFPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telephone SystemsFPP Frames Per PacketFPS Frames Per Secondfps frames per secondFR Federal Regulation (US)FR Frame RelayFRAPI-A An ISDN Architecture in use in JapanFRC Full Rate CodecFRF Frame Relay ForumFRS Florida Relay ServiceFS Fixed SatelliteFS Frame SizeFS Full ServiceFSA Framework Study AreasFSAN Full Service Access NetworksFSK Frequency Shift KeyingFSM Finite State Machine (H.323 Gatekeeper)FSRA Fast Seamless Rate AdaptationFSS Fixed Satellite ServiceFS VDSL Full Service VDSL (FSAN Committee)FT Fixed TerminalsFT Fixed radio TerminalFTAA Free Trade Area of the AmericasFTAM File Transfer, Access and ManagementFTBP File Transfer Body PartFTH Class 1 command HDLC transmitFTP File Transfer ProtocolFTP Foiled Twisted PairFTRI Florida Telecommunications Relay, Inc. (www.ftri.org)FTT Failure To TrainFTTB Fiber To The BuildingFTTC Fiber To The CurbFTTCab Fiber To The CabinetFTTEx Fiber To The ExchangeFTTH Fiber To The Home

FTTO Fiber to the OfficeFUNI Frame Based UNIFVC Forward Voice ChannelFWA Fixed Wireless AccessFWI Flash With InfoFWUF Federal Wireless Users Forum (U.S.)Fx Crossover FrequencyFX Foreign eXchangeFXS Foreign Exchange StationFYI For Your Information

-G-G3FT G3 FX TeleserviceG3G Global Third GenerationGA General Assembly (ETSI)GAL Graphics Adapter LanguageGAP Generic Access ProfileGASP Gatekeeper Synchronization ProtocolGAT Generic Application TemplateGATT General Agreement on Trade and TariffsGBSC Group of Blocks Start CodeGCAC Generic CACGCC Generic Conference ControlGDMO Guidelines for the Definition of Managed ObjectsGDMO Generic Definition of Managed ObjectsGDR Global Desired Receive (PSD)GEF Generic Extensibility FrameworkGETS Government Emergency Telecommunications ServiceGF Generic Functional ProceduresGFID GOB frame identificationGFR Guaranteed Frame Rate (ATM Forum)gi gains informationGI Graded IndexGIDS Global IP Directory ServiceGIDS Global IP telephony Database ServiceGII Global Information InfrastructureGISN Global IP-Telephony Subscriber NumberGIT Generic Identifier TransportGK GateKeeperGLP Geographic Location ProfileGMC Global Motion CompensationGMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety SystemGMII Gigabit Media Independent InterfaceGMM Global Multimedia MobilityGMR Geostationary Mobile RadioGMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGMVC Global Motion Vector CodingGN GOB Number (H.263)GNATT Generic Enhanced Teleservice TransportGOB Group of Blocks (H.261, H.263)GOF Glass Optical FiberGONOW ETSI NA Task Force, Managed by European Projuction Information InfrastructureCoordination (EPIC)GOP Group of Pictures

GoS Grade of ServiceGOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection ProfileGOSS Guide to Open Systems SpecificationG-PAD Generalized polling protocol - Packet Assembly/DisaaemblyGPCAS Global Product Conformity Assessment SystemGPM General Page MessageGPS Global Positioning SystemGRJ Gatekeeper RejectGRP Good Regulatory PracticesGRQ Gatekeeper Discovery RequestGPRS General Packet Radio ServiceGSA General Services AdministrationGSC GOB Start CodeGSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationsGSN Global Subscriber NumberGSO Geostationary Satellite OrbitGSS Generalized Spectral ShapingGSS Generic Security Application Programming InterfaceGSS Generic Security ServiceGSS Generic Supplementary ServicesGSTN General Switched Telephone Network (i.e., PSTN)GT Global TitleGTA Global Title AddressGTAAB GSM Technical Advisory Ad hoc BoardGTAI Global Title Address InformationGTT Global Title TranslationGUI Graphical User InterfaceGUP Gatekeeper Update ProtocolGW GateWayGWC GateWay ControllerGWLOC Gateway Location protocol

-H-H/W HardwareHAC Hearing Aid CompatibleHAM Amateur RadioHAN Home ATM NetworkHATIS Hearing Aid Telephone Interconnect SystemHATS Head and Torso SimulatorHC Header CounterHDLC High level Data Link ControlHDLU High speed Dynamic Link UnitHDML Handheld Device Markup Language, a forerunner of WMLHDSL High-rate Digital Subscriber LineHDTV High Definition TelevisionHDX Half DuplexHE High EndHE-LPC Harmonic Excitator Linear Predictive CoderHEMP High Energy Electromagnetic PulsesHES Home Electronic SystemHF High FrequencyHF Human FactorsHFC Hybrid Fiber CoaxHFCI The H.323 Firewall Control Interface

HFR Hybrid Fibre RadioHFT Hands Free TelephoneHFTP Hybrid-Fiber Twisted PairHFX Hawthorne Facsimile CipherHHR Half-Horizontal Resolution (352 by 480 or 576)HI High ImpedanceHIA Hearing Industries AssociationHINE Heterogeneous In-house Networking EnvironmentHIPERLAN High Performance Radio Local Area NetworkHIPPI High-Performance Parallel InterfaceHKM Hawthorne Key ManagementHLC Higher Layer CompatibilityHLF Home Location FunctionHLI High Layer InformationHLR Home Location RegisterHLTF High Level Task ForceHLTG High Level Task GroupHMAC Keyed-Hashing for Message AuthenticationH-MLP High Speed Multi Layer ProtocolHNI Home Network IdentityHNS Hughes Network SystemsHNOS Home NetWork Operating SystemHNW Home NetWork (VESA)HO Hand OffHomePNA Home Phoneline Networking AllianceHPC High Probability of CompletionHPCI Harmonized Programmable Communications InterfaceHPF High Pass FilterHPL Home-Phone LANHPLI Higher Layer Protocol IdentifiersHPNA Home Phoneline Network AllianceHPUX Unix in HP workstationsHRC Half Rate CodecHRD Hypothetical Reference DecoderHRDJ1 Hardwired JackHS Harmonized StandardsHSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched DataHSD High Speed Data ChannelHSM High Speed ModemHSP Host Signal ProcessingHSSG High Speed Study Group (IEEE)HSSI High Speed Serial InterfaceHSTU-C High Speed Transceiver Unit - CentralHSTU-R High Speed Transceiver Unit - RemoteHTML Hyper Text Markup LanguageHTTP HyperText Transport ProtocolHTU-C Handshake Transceiver Unit - Central Office EndHTU-R Handshake Transceiver Unit - Remote Terminal EndHW HardwareHWCI Hardware Configuration Item

-I-I Intra (Q6/16, VCEG)I&I Interworking and Interoperability

I/G Implementors GuideI/O Input/OutputIA Implementation AgreementIA Interoperability AgreementsIAA I Am Alive (emergency system)IA5 International Alphabet No. 5, now called International Reference Alphabet (IRA)IAC Industry Advisory Committee/CouncilIACM Industry Advisory Committee Meeting (UL)IAD Integrated Access DeviceIAEI Israel Association of Electronics IndustriesIAF Internet Aware Fax (T.38)IAM Initial Address MessageIANA Internet Assigned Number AuthorityIAP Intercept Access PointIAS Industrial Applications Society (IEEE)IAT Internet access timeIB Indicator BitsIBS Intelligent Building SystemsIC Impairment CombinationIC Industry CanadaIC Interexchange CarrierICA Information Communication ArchitectureI-CAN Integrated Customer Access NetworkICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and NumbersICC International Coordination Committee (ISO)ICCID Integrated Circuit Card IDICCF Industry Carriers Compatibility ForumICD International Code DesignatorICEA Insulated Cable Engineers AssociationICF InfoConfirmICFA International Computer Facsimile AssociationICG Intersector Coordination GroupICI Inter Carrier InterferenceICO Intermediate Earth OrbitICS Digital line interface to ISDN Compatible Station meeting requirements of TIA/EIA-579ICS Incoming Call ScreeningICS Implementation Conformance StatementICS Interoperability Compliance Statement (DSL Forum)ICT Information and Communication Technology (ETSI)ICT Integer Cosine TransformsI-CTR Interim Common Technical RequirementsICTSB Information and Communication Technology Standards BoardICV Integrity Check ValueICWWG Interagency Cellular and Wireless Working GroupID delay impairment valueID IdentificationIDB J2366 ITS Data BusIDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine TransformIDEA International Data Encryption Algorithm (Proprietary, from Ascom Tech. AG)IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier TransformIDL Interface Design LanguageIDLC Integrated Digital Loop CarrierIDRA Integrated Dispatch Radio SystemIDS Integrated Directory Service

IDSL ISDN Digital Subscriber LineIE protocol discriminator Information ElementIEB Industrial Electronic BulletinIEC International Electrotechnical CommissionIECEE Compliance with IEC for Electrical EquipmentIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersIEMS International Emergency Multimedia ServicesIEPS International Emergency Preference Scheme (ITU-T E.106 [2000])IESG Internet Engineering Steering GroupIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceI-ETS Interim ETS (ETSI Standard)IF Intermediate FrequencyIF Isolation FiltersIF Isolation FunctionIFA Informal FTP AreaIFAST International Forum on AMPS Standards Technology (CTIA)IFAX Internet FacsimileIFBCA Internet Fax and Business Communications AssociationIFFT Inverse Fast Fourier TransformIFP Internet Facsimile ProtocolIFTP Informal FTP areaIG Implementer's GuideIG Interoperability GroupIGMP Internet Group Management ProtocolIIF Interworking Interoperability FunctionIIP Itinerant Internet ProtocolIIR Institute for International ResearchIIS Inteface Implementation Specifications (Telemanagement Forum)IITF Information Infrastructure Task ForceILC Identifier Length ContentILD Insertion Loss DeviationILEC Incumbent Local Exchange CarriersILMI Integrated Local Management Interface (ATMForum)IM Instant MessagingIM Inter-modulationIM Internet Multimedia (3GPP)IMA Interactive Multimedia AssociationIMA Inverse Multiplexing for ATMIMBE Improved MultiBand ExcitationIMC Internet Mail ConsortiumIMD Inter Modulation DistortionIME ILMI Management EntityIME Interface Management EntityIMEI International Mobile Equipment IdentifierI-mode Idle modeIMP Internet Modem ProtocolIMPP Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol (IETF)IMRS Interactive Multimedia Retrieval ServicesIMS Interactive Multimedia ServicesIMSF IS-41 Message Security ForumIMSI International Mobile Subscriber IdentityIMT International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT-2000)IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing ConsortiumIN Intelligent Networking

INAA Integrated Network Access ArrangementINAP Intelligent Network Application ProfileIN/B Intelligent Network/BroadbandINC International CarrierINF IN ForumINMD In-service Non-intrusive Measurement DeviceINMETRO Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalizacion e Qualidad Industrial (Brazil)iNOW interoperability NOW!INTAP Interoperability Technology Association for Information Processing (Japan)INTSERV Integrated ServicesIOL InterOperability Laboratory (University of New Hampshire)IOS Inter-Operability SpecificationsIP Intellectual PropertyIP Intelligent PeripheralIP Internet ProtocolIPAD Internet Packet Assembler DisassemberIPAT Internet Protocol Access TerminalIPB Improved PBIP BCP Internet Protocol Basic Call Processing (SG11)IPBCP IP Bearer Control ProtocolIPBX Internet PBXIP-CME Circuit Multiplication Equipment optimized for IP-based NetworksIPCP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (RFC1332)IPDC IP Device ControlIPDR IP Detail Record (Consortium)I-PDU Information PDUIPFN IP Federating Network (SPAN14 and TIPHON project)IPN Intelligent Packet NetworkIPNS ISDN PBX Network SpecificationIPP Internet Printing ProtocolIPR Intellectual Property RightsIPSEC IP Security (IETF)IPT Internet Protocol TelephonyIPTD IP Packet Transfer Delayiptel Internet Protocol Telephony (IETF Working Group)IPUI International Portable User IdentityIPUI R International Portable User Identity for public/GSMIRA International Reference AlphabetIRA Internet Routing AddressIRDA Infrared Interface CommitteeIREG ITU-T Recommendation Experiment GroupIRM International Roaming MINIRQ Interworking Service Request identifierIRR Information Request ResponseIRS Intermediate Reference SystemIS Interim Standard (U.S.)IS International Standard (ISO)ISA Industry Standard ArchitectureISC International Softswitch ConsortiumISC International Switching CenterISCI Inter-Symbol and Channel InterferenceISCRI International Special Committee on Radio InterfaceISD Independent Segment DecodingISD Integrated Services Digital (TIA-646-B)

ISD International Standards DevelopmentISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISDN-BA ISDN Basic AccessISDN BRA ISDN Basic Rate AccessISDN-PA ISDN Primary AccessISD/TT Integrated Services Digital/Tie TrunkISI Inter Symbol InterferenceISIS Information Society Initiatives in StandardizationISLP Intersystem Link ProtocolISM Industrial, Scientific, MedicalISN Interface Service NodeISN Interface Serving Node (SG11)ISO International Organization for StandardizationISOC Internet SocietyISOL Integrated Services Over Low speed serial inksISP International Standardized ProfileISP Internet Selective PollingISP Internet Service ProviderISPBX Integrated Services Private Branch ExchangeISPT Italian PTTISRF Internet Screenphone ForumISS Inter-Satellite ServiceISSG Internet Services Study Group (MSAF)ISSLL Integrated Services over Specific LinksISSLOW Integrated Services System for Low Bitrate EnvironmentsIST Integrated Services TrunkIST ISDN tie trunksISTO Industry Standards and Technology OrganizationISTP IPCablecom Signaling Transport ProtocolIST/TT IST and other Tie TrunkISUP ISDN User PartISWG Interoperability Sub-Working Group (ADSL Forum)IT Information TechnologyIT Intermediate TrunkITAAB ISDN Technical Advisory Ad hoc BoardITAAG ISDN Technical Advisory Ad hoc GroupITAC Information Technology Association of CanadaITAC ITU-T Advisory CommitteeITAD Integrated Telephone Answering DeviceITAR International Traffic in Arms RegulationsITD Interface Telecom DomotiqueITE Information Technology EquipmentITI Information Technology Industry Council (formerly CBEMA)ITIC Information Technology Industry CouncilITL Independent Testing LabsITM Informative Test MethodsITOC Independent Telephone Operating CompanyITS Institute for Telecommunications SciencesITS Intelligent Transport SystemITSB Image Technology Standards BoardITSI Individual TETRA Subscriber IdentityITU International Telecommunication UnionITU-R ITU Radiocommunications SectorITU-T ITU Telecommunications Sector

ITU-TSB ITU Telecommunications Standardization BoardITUDOCS Electronic Document Service of ITUITV Interactive TelevisionIUT Implementation Under TestI-V Current - VoltageIV Initialization VectorIVCD Initial Voice Channel DesignationIVN Intervening NetworksIVP Integrated Voice ProtocolIVPC Integrated Voice Protocol and CommandsIVR Interactive Voice ResponseIVS Integrated Video ServicesIWF Inter-Working FunctionIWU Interworking Unit

-J-JADSL ADSL for ISDNJBIG Joint Binary Image GroupJC Joint CapabilitiesJCCR Joint Committee on Cellular RoamingJCG Joint Coordination GroupJDC Japan Digital CellularJEEC Joint ETSI/ECMA CommitteeJEM Joint Experts MeetingJFIF JPEG File Interchange FormatJITC Joint Interoperability Test CenterJM Joint MenuJPC Joint Project CommitteeJPT Joint Project TeamJPEG Joint Photographics Expert GroupJPG Joint Presidents Group (CEN/CENELEC/ETSI)JQG Joint Question GroupJRG Joint Rapporteurs GroupJSC Joint Sectoral CommitteeJSD Joint Standards DocumentsJTACS Japanese TACS SystemJTAPI JAVA Telephony APIJTC Joint Technical CommitteeJURA JPEG Utilities Registration AuthorityJUSTINTAC Joint User Supplier TIA ICEA NEMA Technical Advisory CommitteeJWG Joint Working Group

-K-KLT Karhunen-Loeve TransformKTA Key Technical AreasKTS Key Telephone SystemKY totally protected key systems (FCC Part 68 Form 730)

-L-L2TP Tunneling Protocol, standardized encapsulation capable of carrying multiple PPP sessionsl2tpext Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Extensions (IETF)LA Local Application (T.611)LA Look AheadLAC L2TP Access Concentrator

LAC Link Access ControlLADC Local Area Data ChannelsLAES Lawfully Authorized Electronic SurveillanceLAIC Lawfully Authorized Intercept CapabilityLAN Local Area NetworkLANE LAN EmulationLAP Link Access ProtocolLAPB Link Access Protocol B (ISDN-B Channel)LAPD Link Access Protocol D (ISDN-D Channel)LAPF Link Access Protocol - FrameLAPM Link Access Protocol for Modems (V.42)LAPV Link Access Protocol - Video TelephoneLAR Log Area RatioLATA Local Access Transport AreaLB Letter BallotLB Loop Back (Rec. I.610)LBC Low Bit rate CoderLBO Line Build OutLBS Location Based ServiceLC Last Call (ITU, IETF)LC Logic ChannelLCAP Large Cell Access ProfileLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayLCD Loss of Cell DelineationLCF Location ConfirmLCFO Line Current Feed OpenLCF-PMD Low Cost Fiber-Physical Medium DependentLCL Longitudinal Conversion LossLCN Logical Channel NumberLCP Link Control ProtocolLCTL Longitudinal Conversion Loss TransferLD Long DistanceLDAP Lightweight Directory Access ProtocolLDCELP Low Delay CELPLDDS Limited Distance Data ServiceLDLL Limited Degradation of the Long LoopLDM Limited Distance Modem (CS-03)LDP Label Distribution ProtocolLDPA Light Document Printing ArchitectureLDPC Low Density Parity CheckLE Local ExchangeLEC Local Exchange CarrierLEO Low Earth OrbitLES Loop Emulation ServiceLHS Left Hand SideLI Lawful InterceptionLISN Line Impedance Stabilization NetworkLL Leased LineLLC Logical Link ControlLLI Lower Layer InformationLLID Loopback Location Identifier (Rec. I.610)LMCO Lockheed Martin Corporation and EricssonLMCS Local Multipoint Communications SystemLMDS Local Multi-point Distribution Service

LMF Location Management FunctionLMR Land Mobile RadioLMS Land Mobile ServiceLMS Loop Management SystemLMSI Local Mobile Station IdentityLNP Local Number PortabilityLNS L2TP Network ServerLO Local OscillatorLOI Letter of IntentLON Local Operating NetworksLOO Likelihood of OccurrenceLOS Loss of SignalLOSQ Listening Only Speech QualityLPC Linear Predictive CodingLPF Low Pass FilterLPIC Primary / Presubscribed Interexchange/IntraLATA CarrierLR Loudness RatingLRCC Last Registration Control ChannelLRE Low bit Rate EncodingLRF Location Registration FunctionLRFD Load and Resistance Factor DesignLRJ LocationRejectLRN Location routing number for LNPLRQ Location RequestLS Lossless and near LosslessLSAS Line-Side Answer SupervisionLSB Least Significant BitLSD Low Speed Data channelLSO Loopback Service Options (cdma2000)LSOG Local Service Ordering GuidelinesLSP Line Spectral PairLSP Local Service ProviderLSSGR LATA Switching Systems Generic Requirements (Bellcore)LSTR Listener Sidetone RatingLT Line TerminationLTP Long Term PredictionLTU Line Terminating UnitLU Logical UnitLUS Location Update ServiceLVD Low Voltage DirectiveLVDS Low Voltage Differential SignalingLW Long WaveLZJH Lempel-Ziv-Jeff.HeathLZW Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm

-M-MA Moving AverageMA Mobile ServiceMAC Management Ad Hoc Committee (TR-41)MAC Media Access ControlMACA Mobile Assisted Channel AllocationMAH Mobile Access HuntingMAHO Mobile Assisted HandoffMAP Media Access Procedure

MAP Mobile Application PartMAPI Messaging APIMAPI Microsoft APIMASA Multimedia Services Affiliate ForumMATV Master Antenna TelevisionMAWG Message Attachment Work GroupMB Macro BlockMBA Macroblock Address (H.263)MBE Multi-Byte ExtensionMBFT Multipoint Binary File TransferMBMP Modem Bank Management ProtocolMBN Multiservice Broadband NetworksMC Message CenterMC Multipoint Controller (H.323)MCBPC Macroblock type & Coded Block Pattern for ChrominanceMCC Mobile Country CodeMCC Modem Control ChannelMCCC Multiple Concatenated Convolutional CodesMCD Mobile Communications DivisionMCF Message Confirmation (T.30)MCID Multi-line Caller IdentificationMCM Multi-Carrier ModulationMCP Motion Compensated PredictionMCPE Motion Compensated Prediction ErrorMCNS Multimedia Cable Network SystemMcps Megachips per secondMCS Multi-point Control Services (T.122)MCU Multi-point Control UnitMCV Multipoint Command VisualizationMD-IS Mobile Data Intermediate SystemMD Manufacturer DefinedMDBS Mobile Data Base StationMDC Manufacturer Declaration of ConformityMDC Multiple Description CodingMDCP Media Device Control ProtocolMDCR Minimum Desired Cell RateMDELFEXT Multiple-Disturber Equal-Level Far-End CrosstalkMDF Mux Data FrameMDI Medium Dependent InterfaceMDLP Mobile Data Link ProtocolMDN Message Disposition NotificationMDN Mobile Directory NumberMDTP Multi-network Datagram Transmission ProtocolMDU Multi-Dwelling UnitME Mobile EquipmentME Motion EstimationMED Multiplexer Entry DescriptorMegaco MEdia GAteway Control Protocol (IETF)Megacop MEdia GAteway COntrol ProtocolMEI Multiple Extension InterworkingMEI Multiple Extension In use (TIA/EIA-777-A)MELP Mixed Excitation Linear PredictionMER Message Error RateMERS Minimal Essential Requirements

M-ES Mobile End SystemMES Mobile Earth StationMF fully protected hybrid systems (FCC Part 68 Form 730)MF Multi-tone FrequencyMFJ Modified Final JudgmentMFP Multi-Function PeripheralMFPA Multi-Function Peripheral AssociationMFPI Multi-Function Peripheral InterfaceMFPL Multi-Function Peripheral LanguageMFPP Multi-Function Packet ProtocolMG Management GroupMG Media GatewayMGC Media Gateway ControllerMGCP Media Gateway Control ProtocolMGT Mobile Global TitleMH MultiHypothesis motion pictures (H.26L)MHEG Multimedia and Hypermedia Experts GroupMHP Multimedia Home PlatformMHS Message Handling System X.400MI Miscellaneous Work Item (ETSI)MI Mode IndicatorMIB Management Information BaseMIGG MRA Implementation Guide GroupMIF Management Information FileMII Ministry of Industry Information (China)MIM Man in the MiddleMIME Multipurpose Internet Mail ExtensionMIMO Multi-Input-Multi-OutputM-IN Multimedia Intelligent NetworkingMIN Mobile Identification NumberMIN Mobile Intelligent NetworkMIP Mobile Internet ProtocolMIPS Million Instructions Per SecondM-IRS Modified IRSMIRS Multimedia Information Retrieval ServicesMIV Multipoint Indication VisualizationML Maximum LikelihoodMLC Multiple Logical ChannelMLP Multi-Layer ProtocolMLPP Multi-Level Precedence and PreemptionMLT Modulated Lapped TransformMLTS Multi-Line Telecommunications SystemsM-LVDS Multipoint Low Voltage Differential SignalingMLWW Multi Layered Winding WireMM Mass Media (FCC)MM Mobility ManagementMM MultiMediaMM MultimodeMMAP Mobility Management Application Protocol (T1S1)MMBAN Multi Media Broadband Access NodesMMC Multiple Modulus ConversionMMCF Multimedia Communications ForumMMCOI Multimedia Communications Community of InterestMMDS Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service

MMF Multi Mode Optical FiberMMG Multimedia Management Group (ETSI)MMH-MAC Multilinear Modular Hash - Message Authentication CodeMMI Man-Machine Interface (TTT Services)MMI Modem Management InterfaceMMITS Modular Multifunction Information Transfer Systemmml mobile multilinkMMO Modem Managed ObjectsMMoMBN Multimedia over MBNMMR Modified Modified ReadMMRA Model Mutual Recognition AgreementMMS Multimedia Messaging ServiceMMUSE Multiparty Multimedia Session ControlMMUSIC Multiparty Multimedia Session Control (WG)MNA Management Network ArchitectureMNC Mobile Network CodesMNE Mobile Network EntityMNLP Mobile Network Location Protocol (IS-732-501)MNP4 Microcom Networking ProtocolMNRP Mobile Network Registration ProtocolMNRU Modulated Noise Reference UnitMO Mobile OriginatedMOCS Managed Objects Conformance StatementsMODB Macroblock mode for B-blocksMoDSL Modems over DSLMOH Modem on HoldMoIP Modems over Internet ProtocolMOPS Million Operations Per SecondMOS Mean Opinion ScoreMoU Memorandum of UnderstandingMOU Memorandum of UnderstandingMP Modulation ParameterMP Multipoint Processor (H.323)MPC Mobile Position CenterMPCI Mobile Protocol Capability IndicatorMPD Mode Power DistributionMPE Maximum Permissive ExposureMPEG Motion Picture Experts GroupMPI Minimum Picture IntervalMPh Half Duplex Modulation Parameters in the V.34 negotiationMPL Multiplex Payload Length fieldMPLS Multi-Protocol Label SwitchingMP-MLQ Multi-Pulse - Maximum Likelihood QuantizerMPOP Main Point of Penetration (where phone lines enter the residence)MPPC Microsoft Point to Point CompressionMPS Minimum Performance SpecificationMPU Multiple Port UnitMQ Modified QuantizationMQLVS Multi-Quality Layered Video ServiceMR Mode RequestMR Modified ReadMR MultiRateMRA Mutual Recognition AgreementsMRC Mixed Raster Content

MRD Market Requirements DocumentMRM Meeting Room ManagementMRP Markov Renewal ProcessMRPC Multipoint Remote Procedure CallMRU Maximum Receive UnitMS Management ServicesMS Mobile StationMS Mode SelectMSAF Multimedia Services Affiliate ForumMSB Manufacturer Specified BlocksMSB Most Significant BitMSBN MultiService Broadband NetworkMSC Message Sequence ChartMSC Mobile Switching CenterMSC-BC Mobile Switching Center - Base CenterMSCID Mobile Switching Center IdentificationMSCIN Mobile Switching Center Identification NumberMSC-VBR Multi-mode Source Controlled Variable Bit-RateMSD Master Slave DeterminationMSD Minimum Significant DifferenceMSDL MPEG-4 Syntactic Description LanguageMSDN Multi-Service Data NetworkMSE Mean Squared ErrorMSF Multiservice Switching ForumMSI Manufacturer Specific InformationMSI Maximum Symbol InversionMSID Mobile Station IdentityMSIN Mobile Station INput (GSM)MSIN Mobile Subscriber Identification NumberMSISDN Mobile Station ISDNMSJ Multiple Selective RejectMSLT Minimum Scan Line TimeMSN Microsoft NetworkMSN multiple subscriber numberingMSO Markov Service Option (cdma2000)MSR Multi-Selective RejectMSR Market Service RequirementMSS Mobile Satellite ServicesMSSF Multi Service Switching ForumMST MESSAGE TYPE fieldMSWG Mobile Services Working Group (NAFTA/CCT)MT Mobile TerminalMT Mobile TerminatedMT Mode ToggleMT Type of commercial fiber optic connectorMT2 Cellular User's Mobile TerminationMTA Major Trading AreaMTA Multimedia Terminal Adapter (SG9)MTA Multimedia Terminal and ApplicationsMTH Module Telecom HomeMTIE Maximum Time Interval ErrorMTM Mobile Test ModelMTP Message Transfer PartMTP Message Transfer Point

MTP Multicast Transport ProtocolMTP/SO Multiple Transport Protocol/Self OrganizingMTS Methodology of Test SuitesMTS Methods for Testing and Specification (ETSI TC)MTSO Mobile Telephone Switching OfficeMTTCM Multi-tone Turbo Trellis Coded ModulationMTU Maintenance Terminating UnitMTU Maximum Transfer UnitMTU Multiple Terminal Unit (DSL Forum)MUB Multi-Use Bearer ServiceMUT Modem Under TestMUTOA Multi-User Telecommunications Outlet AssembliesMUX MultiplexerMV Membership Vote (ETSI)MV Motion VectorMVA Multipoint Visualization AchievedMVC Mobile Video CoderMVC Multipoint Visualization CapabilityMVD Motion Vector DataMVNO Mobile Virtual Network OperatorMVPD Multi-channel Video Programming DistributorMVR Multipoint Visualization Refused/RevokedMVV Multirate/VAD VBRMW Mid WaveMWC Multi-Way CallingMWI Message Waiting IndicationMWIF Mobile Wireless Internet ForumMWN Message Waiting Notification

-N-N NewtonsNA Network Aspects (ETSI TC)NA North AmericaNAB National Association Of BroadcastersNACK Negative AcknowledgmentNACLA National Cooperation for Laboratory AccreditationNAFTA North American Free Trade AgreementNAG Network Architecture Group (DSL Forum)NAG Network Reference Models, Acronyms and Definitions, and Guide to Standards Ad Hoc(TIA TR-45)NAI Network Access Identifier (RFC 2468)NAK Negative AcknowledgmentNAK-NS Negative Acknowledgment - Not SupportedNAK-NU Negative Acknowledgment - Not UnderstoodNAL Network Adaptation LayerNALAG Network Adaptation Layer Ad hoc GroupNAM Number Assignment ModuleNAMPS Narrowband AMPSNANC North American Numbering CouncilNANP North American Numbering PlanNANPA North American Numbering Plan AdministratorNAP Network Access ProviderNAPT Network Address Port TranslationNAPTR Naming Authority Pointer

NAR Numbering, Addressing and Routing Committee of ETSI NA2NASNA National Association of State 9-1-1 AdministratorsNAS Network Access ServersNASRNG Network Access Server RequirementsNAT Network Address TranslationNATA North American Telephone AssociationNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNAVDEC Network Access Server and Voice on IP Device ControlNA/WCPE North American WCPENB Narrow BandNBC Non-backward CompatibleNBDG New Business Development GroupNBS Net Broadcast ServiceNBS Network Based SolutionNBSP NarrowBand Signal PowerNC Network CodesNCA Non-Call AssociatedNCAG Network Commonality Ad Hoc GroupNCG Number Consulting Group (Bellcore)NCaps Capabilities with No sub-fieldsNCAS Non-Call Associated SignalingNCITS National Committee for Information Technology StandardsNCP Network Connection PointNCRP National Council of Radiation Protection and MeasurementNCS Network-based Call SignalingNCS Nurse Call SystemNCTA National Cable Television AssociationNCTE Network Circuit Terminating EquipmentND NSF Message data IndicationNDA Non-Disclosure AgreementNDB Networked DataBase ServiceNDC National Destination Code (ITU)NDIS Network Driver Interface SpecificationNDSS Network Directed System SelectionNE Network ElementNE Network EntityNEBS Network Equipment Building System, a Bellcore environmental requirements specificationNEC National Electric Code (U.S.)NECA National Electrical Contractors AssociationNECQ National Electronic Components Quality Assessment SystemNE-EC Near End - Echo CancellerNEMA National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNENA National Emergency Number AssociationNESC National Electric Safety CodeNET Norme Europeenne de TelecommunicationNEW FORUM Former COCOMNEXT Near End Cross TalkNFPA National Fire Protection Agencyng Next GenerationNGDLC Next Generation Digital Loop CarrierNGN Next Generation NetworkNGN SG Next Generation Network Starter GroupNGOF Next Generation Optical FiberNGOSS New Generation Operations Support Systems (TM Forum)

NGSO Non-Geostationary Satellite OrbitNHRP Next Hop Resolution ProtocolNHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationNI National ISDNNI Network InterfaceNIA Network Indicate Address (H.230)NIBS National Institute for Building StandardsNIC Network Interface CardNID Network IdentificationNID Network Interface DeviceNID Network Interface or DemarcationNIDAB Narrow Band Digital BroadcastingNII National Information InfrastructureNIO Network Input OutputNIP Number Identification PresentationNISDN National ISDNNIST National Institute of Standards and TechnologyN-ISDN Narrowband ISDNN-ISUP Narrowband ISDN User PartNIU Network Interface UnitNIUF North American ISDN Users ForumNLD Non-Linear DistortionN-LLC Narrowband Logical Link ControlNLP Non-Linear Processornm NanometerNM Network ManagementNMAG Network Management Ad hoc GroupNMC Network Management CenterNMC Network Model CoverageNMDS Narrowband Multi-service Delivery SystemNMF Network Management ForumNMS Network Management SystemNMSI National Mobile Station IdentificationNMT Nordic Mobile TelephonyNMX Normas Mexicanas (non-mandatory Mexican standard)NNI Network to Network InterfaceNOF Network Operations ForumNOI Notice of InquiryNOM Mexican National StandardsNO PROBLEM NOn PROprietary reliaBLe Electronic MailNP Network ProviderNP Non-PublicNP Number PortabilityNPA Network Provider AccessNPA Numbering Plan AreaNPI Numbering Plan IndicatorNPID Network Provider IdentificationNPR Noise Power RatioNPRM Notice of Proposed Rule Making (FCC)NPRP Number Portability Routing Protocol (ETSI TIPHON Project)NR Noise ReductionNR Nordstrom-Robinson (FEC)NRA National Regulatory AuthorityNRC Negotiated Rulemaking Committee

NRC Network Reliability CouncilNRIC National Reliability and Interoperability CommissionNRM Network Reference ModelNRTL Nationally Recognized Testing LaboratoryNRZ Non-Return to ZeroNRZI Non-Return to Zero on OnesNS-cap Non-Standard capabilityNS/EP National Security and Emergency PreparednessNSA National Security Agency (U.S.)NSAP Network Service Access PointNSB National Standardization BodyNSC Non-Standard Facilities CommandNS/EP National Security/Emergency PreparednessNSF Network-Specific FacilitiesNSF Non-Standard FacilitiesNSIE Network Security Information ExchangeNSMA National Spectrum Managers AssociationNSO National Standard OrganizationNSP Network Service ProviderNSRA Normal Seamless Rate AdaptationNSRP Numbered SRP response framesNSS Non-Standard SetupNSTAC National Security Telecommunications Advisory CommitteeNT Network TerminationNTCA National Telephone Cooperative AssociationNTE Network Terminating EquipmentNTIA National Telecommunications and Information AdministrationNTP Network Termination PointNTP Network Time ProtocolNTQ Near Toll QualityNTR Network Timing ReferenceNTR Network Timing Reference markerNTRAC New Technical Regulations Approval Committee (former TRAC), ETSINTSC National Television System CommitteeNTU Network Terminating UnitNVCASE National Voluntary Conformity Assessment System EvaluationNVLAP National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation ProgramNVOD Near Video on DemandNVRAM Non-Volatile RAMNWK Network, Layer 3 of the WCPE protocol stackNYCE Certification Body accredited by SECOFI (Mexico)

-O-O&M Operations and MaintenanceO&NM Operations and Network Management working group (DSL Forum)O&P Ordering & Provisioning Committee (ATIS)OA&M Operations, Administration, and MaintenanceOAA On Air ActivationOAM Operations, Administration, and MaintenanceOAM&P Operations, Administration, Maintenance & ProvisioningOAN Optical Access NetworkOAP One step Approval Procedure (ETSI)OAS Organization of American StatesOATS Over-the-Air Activation TeleService

OBMC Overlapped Block Motion CompensationOBF Ordering and Billing ForumOBP On-Board ProcessingOC Operation ChannelOCCS Overall Construction Classification SystemOCD Out of Cell Delineation (UNI 3.0)OCDMA Orthogonal CDMAOCG Operational Coordination Group (ETSI)OCG Overall Coordination GroupOCI Open Circuit IntervalOCR Optical Character RecognitionODA Open Document ArchitectureODBC Open DataBase ConnectivityODL Object Definition LanguageODP Open Distributed ProcessingODP Originator Detection Pattern (V.42)ODTC Office of Defense Trade Controls (US)OEM Original Equipment ManufacturerOET Office of Engineering and Technology (FCC)OFB Output FeedbackOFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingOFS Operational Fixed Service (Microwave)OFSTP Optical Fiber Systems Test ProcedureOftel British Office of TelecommunicationsOGM Out-Going MessageOHG Operator Harmonization GroupOI Outline of InvestigationOID Object IdentifiersOIW Open Systems Implementers WorkshopOJ Official JournalOJEC Official Journal of the European CommunitiesOLC Open Logical ChannelOLR On-Line ReconfigurationOLR Overall Loudness RatingOLT Optical Line TerminationOM Object ModelOM Optical fiber Multimode categoryOMCI Operation, Management and Control InterfacesOMG Object Management GroupOMT Overhead Message TrainONE Other Network Entities (Omega Networks)ONP Open Network ProvisionONS On Premise StationONT Optical Network TerminationONU Optical Network UnitOOB Out of BandOOF Out of FrameOPASTCO Organization for the Promotoion and Advancement of Small Telecommunications CompaniesOpenVoB Voice over Broadband http://www.openvob.orgOPS Off Premise StationOPTIS Overlapped PAM Transmission with Interlocking SpectraOPTS Over-the-Air Programming TeleserviceO-QAM Orthogonally multiplexed QAMORDQ Order Qualification

ORREQ Origination RequestOS Operating SystemOS Optical fiber Singlemode categoryOSH Occupational Safety and HealthOSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S.)OSI Open Switching IntervalOSI Open System InterconnectionOSN One Stop NotificationOSP Open Settlement ProtocolOSP OutSide PlantOSPF Open Shortest Path FirstOSS Operations Support SystemsOTA Over-the-Air ActivationOTAFG OTA Focus GroupOTAPA Over-the-Air Parameter AdministrationOTAR Over-the-Air Rekeying (APCO Project 25)OTASP OTA Service ProvisioningOTDR Optical Time Domain ReflectometerOTFI One Time Feature IndicatorOTI Open Telecom Infrastructure

-P-P Predicted (Q6/16, VCEG)P&A Privacy and AuthenticationPA Partial AgreementPA Pass Along (Operation code)PABX Private Automatic Branch eXchangePAC Program Advisory CommitteePACA Priority Access and Channel AssignmentPACA-E Enhanced Priority Access and Channel Assignment Supplement ServicePACC Partition, Aggregation and Conditional CodingPACS Personal Access Communications System, Licensed BandPAC-U Personal Access Communications System, Unlicensed BandPAD Packet Assembler DisassemblerPAG Practical Application GuidelinesPAGODA Profile Alignment Group on ODAPAL Phase Alteration LinePAM Pulse Amplitude ModulationPAMS Perceptual Analysis/Measurement SystemPAR Peak to Average RatioPAR Pixel Aspect RatioPAS Publicly Available SpecificationPASC PCS Access Service for Radio ControllersPB Personal BasePB Predicted and Bi-directionalPBNM Policy Based Network ManagementPBO Power Back OffPBS Personal Base StationPBX Private Branch ExchangePC Personal ComputerPC_SSN Point Code Sub-System NumberPCA Password Call AcceptancePCA Policy Group proposal on CAPCB Power Cut Back

PCC Per Call ControlPCC Pre-activation Communications ChannelPCC Private Control ChannelPCC 1 Permanent Consultative Committee (CITEL)PCCA PCMCIA Communication Card AssociationPCCA Portable Computer Communications AssociationPCCC Parallel Concatenated Convolutional CodesPCF Personal Call ForwardingPCF Picture Clock FrequencyPCH Paging ChannelPCI Peripheral Component InterconnectPCI Programmable Communications InterfacePCI Protocol Capability IndicatorPCIC Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (IEEE IAS)PCI SIG Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest GroupPCIA Personal Communications Industry AssociationPCL Power Line CommunicationPCM Pulse Code ModulationPCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International AssociationPCME Packet Circuit Multiplication EquipmentPCN Personal Communications NetworkPCR Program Clock ReferencePCS Personal Communication ServicesPCSAP PCS ApplicationPCSC Personal Communications Switching CenterPCSD Personal Communications Services DescriptionPCT Pairwise Correlating TransformPD Plugfest DocumentPD Powered DevicePD Proposed DraftPDAM Proposed Draft AmendmentPDC Personal Digital CellularPDD Post Dial DelayPDE Position Determining EntityPDE Primary Designated Engineer (UL)PDF Portable Document Formatpdf probability distribution functionPDH Plesiocronous Digital HierachyPDH Primary Digital HierachyPDL Polarization Dependent LossPDN Packet Data NetworkPDS Phase Dithering SequencePDU Protocol Data UnitPDTR Proposed Draft Technical ReportPDU-MUX Protocol Data Unit MultiplexerPDV Packet Delay VariationPE Policy Enforcement elementPE Poly EthylenePE Public Inquiry (ETSI)PEAQ Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality (ITU-R rec. BS.1387)PED Portable Electronic DevicePEF Proxy Element FunctionPER Packed Encoding RulesPER Parameter Error Rate

PESQ Perceptual Evaluation of Speech QualityPEX ETSI Help Desk for ConformancePEXT Premises End CrosstalkPF Presence FunctionPFD Power-flux DensityPHB Per-Hop forwarding BehaviorPHCF Hard Polymer Clad FiberPHP Personal Handy PhonePHS Personal Handyphone SystemPHY Physical LayerPIB Personal Information BasePIC Primary / Presubscribed Interexchange CarrierPICS Protocol Implementation Conformance StatementPID Protocol IDPIN Personal Identification NumberPIN T.30 procedural interupt negativePINS Project Initiation Notification System (TIA)PINT PSTN Interworking (IETF)PINX Private Integrated Network ExchangePIP T.30 procedural interupt positivePISN Private Integrated Services NetworkPIXIT Profile Initialization for Test CasesPKCS Public Key Cryptography StandardsPKI Public Key InfrastructurePL Physical LayerPL Preferred LanguagePL Program LockPLAR Private Line Auto RingPLC Power Line CommunicationPLI Power Line InterferencePLL Phase Locked LoopPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPLMTS Public Land Mobile Telecommunications SystemPLOAM Physical Layer Operations, Administrations and MaintenancePLS Physical Layer SpecificationPLT PowerLine TelecommunicationsPM Phase ModulationPM Performance ManagementPM Processable ModePMC Packet Mode ChannelPMC Project Management Committee (ETSI)PMCC Packet Mode Channel ConnectPMCE Packet Mode Channel ElementPMCH Packet Mode Channel Call ControlPMCH Packet Mode Channel HandlerPMD Physical Media Dependent layerPMD Polarization Mode DispersionPMM Protocol Management ModulePMMS Power Measurement Modulation SessionPMP Point to MultiPointPMR Peak-to-Mean RatioPMS Physical Media SpecificPMS-TC Physical Media Specific - Transmission ConvergencePMT Program Management Team

PN Project Number (TIA)PNE Production of Norms in EuropePNNI Private Network to Network InterfaceP-n-P Plug and PlayPNT Phone-line Network TransceiverPOC Points of Contact (LBC)POC Postal Operations CouncilPOC Proof-of conceptPOC Public Operator's CodePOCSAG Post Office Code Standardization Advisory Group (UK)PoD Packet transport over DSLPoDSL Packet over DSLPOF Plastic Optical FiberPOF Private Operating FrequenciesPON Passive Optical NetworkPOPs Points of PresencePOS Packet-over-SONETPOTS Plain Old Telephone ServicePoV Packet over VDSLPoV-TC Packet over VDSL - Transmission Convergence LayerPoW Poor or WorsePP Portable PartPPD Proposal Package DescriptionPPDN Public Packet Data NetworkPPI PCS to PCS InterferencePPM Parts Per MillionPPP Point-to-Point ProtocolPPPoA PPP over ATMPPPoE Point to Point Protocol over Ethernetpps pulses per secondPQ Priority QueuingPR Public RelationsPR&A Project Request and AuthorizationPRA Primary Rate AccessPRBS Pseudo-Random Bit SequencePRC Premium Rate ChargingPRC Private ChannelPRD Pseudo-Random Downstream SequencePRI Primary Rate Interface (ISDN)PRM Performance Report MessagesPRNS Pseudo Random Noise SequencePRO Planning and Reporting OfficerPROM Programmable ROMPS PCSC ISDN SwitchPS Product SafetyPSA Polled SubAddressPSAP Public Safety Answering PointPSC Picture Start CodePSD Power Spectral DensityPSDN Public Switched Data NetworkPSDS Public Switched Digital ServicePSE Power Source ElementPSE Power Sourcing EquipmentPSELFEXT Power Sum Equal Level Far-end Crosstalk

PSI-CELP Pitch Synchronous Innovation CELPPSID Private System IDPSIDS Private System ID ServicePSK Phase Shift KeyPSN Private Switched NetworkPSNEXT Power Sum Near-end CrosstalkPSNR Peak Signal to Noise RatioPSP Public Service ProfilesPSPDN Packet Switched Public Data NetworkPSQM Perceptual Speech Quality Measure (ITU Rec. P.861)PSS1 Private Network Signaling System 1, defined by ISOPSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkPSWG Product Safety Working Group (Trilateral)PT Portable radio TerminalPT Project Team (ETSI)PTC PictureTel Transform CoderPTCC Pex & Testing Competence Center (ETSI)PTM Packet Transfer ModePTN Public Telecommunications Network (TIPHON)PTN Private Telecommunications OrganizationsPTNO Public Telecommunications Network Operator (TIPHON)PTO Private Telecommunications OrganizationsPTPCP Peer-To-Peer Control ProtocolsPTS Pay Terminals and SystemPTS Payphone Terminals and SystemPTS Pay Terminal SystemPTSP PNNI Topology State PacketPTT Public Telephone and TelegraphPTT Push to TalkPUA Personal User AgentPUC Public Utilities CommissionPUM Personal User MobilityPVC Permanent Virtual CircuitPVC Poly Vinyl ChloridePWA Password AccessPWD Password (T.30)PWG Printer Work GroupPWT Personal Wireless TelecommunicationsPWT-E Personal Wireless Telecommunications - Enhanced Interoperability Standard

-Q-Q&A Question and AnswerQADM Quadrature Audio Data Modulation (VoiceSpan [TM])QAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQBD QoS Bearer DescriptorQC Quick ConnectQCA Quick Connect AcknowledgeQCELP Qualcomm's proprietary version of CELPQCIF Quarter CIFQ-Mode Quiescent Mode (Q4/15)QoS Quality of Service (also QOS)QoSM Quality of Service ManagerQP Quantization Parameter (H.262)QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

QS Quality ScalabilityQSDG Quality of Service Development GroupQSIG The signaling protocol used at the Q-interface between two switches in a private network.ECMA/ISO have defined a set of QSIG standards.QUANT Quantization parameterQUEST Quality Excellence for Suppliers of Telecommunications

-R-R&O Report and OrderR&TTE Radio and TTE (Telecommunications Terminal Equipment) DirectiveRAB Registrar Accreditation BoardRACF Radio Access Control FunctionRACH Random Access ChannelRADIUS Remote Access Dial-In User ServerRADSL Rate-Adapting ADSLRAI Remote Alarm IndicationRAL Restricted Access LocationRAM Random Access MemoryRAM Remote Access Multiplexer (DSL Forum)RAMA Resource Auction Multiple AccessRAN Radio Access NetworkRAND Random Challenge MemoryRAS Registration, Administration, and StatusRAS Remote Access ServerRASC Radio Access System ControllerRAST Receive And Send TerminalRATERQ Rate RequestRB Radiocommunications Bureau (ITU-R)RBAF Radio Bearer Adaptation FunctionRBB Residential BroadBandRBER Residual Bit Error RateRBTESC Routing, Bridging, and Transfer of Emergency Service CallsRBOC Regional Bell Operating CompanyRBS Robbed-bit signalingRBW Resolution BandWidthRCC Return Channel for CableRCDD Registered Communications Distribution DesignerR-CELP Renewal CELPRCELP Residual CELPRCF Radio Control Function (T1P1)RCF RegistrationConfirmRCF Registration Control FieldRCF Remote Call ForwardingRCH Random Access ChannelRCP Radio Control ProtocolRCPC Rate Compatible Punctured ConvolutionalRD or R-D Rate DistortionRDC Remote Device ControlRDI Remote Detect Indication (VC-RDI)RDQ Rate-Distortion constrained QuantizationRDS Requirements Definition StudyREA Rural Electrification AssociationREC RECeive alarmREJ Reject

RELP Residual Excited Linear PredictionREN Ringer Equivalence NumberREQ-MP Request Mode ProposalREQ-MR Request Mode RequestRES Radio Equipment SystemsRESNA Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North AmericaRESCAP Resource Capabilities discoveryREVAL Procedure for Evaluation of Radio Technologies for FPLMTSRF Radio FrequencyRF Resolution Function (TIPHON)RFC Designation for an IETF StandardRFC Remote Feature ControlRFC Request for Comments (IETF)RFDB Resolution Function Data Base (TIPHON)RFER Residual Frame Error RateRFI Radio Frequency InterferenceRFI Request for InformationRFO Remote Foreign OfficeRFP Radio Fixed PartsRFP Request for ProposalRFQ Request for QuotationRFT Remote Feeding Telecommunication (circuits)RFT-C Remote power Feeding Telecom - Current limitedRFT-V Remote power Feeding Telecom - Voltage limitedRG Residential GatewayRGB Red Green BlueRGIP Residential Gateway Internal ProtocolRH Multiple HDLC ReceiveRIP Request In ProcessRIPE Regional Internet Registry for EuropeRJ Registered JackRL Return LossRLAN Radio Local Area NetworkRLP Radio Link ProtocolsRLR Receive Loudness RatingRM Simple Facsimile ReceiveRMI Remote Method InvocationRMMIE Remote Modem Management Information ExchangeRMOA Realtime Multimedia Over ATM (ATM Forum)RM-ODP Reference Model for Open Distributed ProcessingRMP Reliable Multicast ProtocolRMS Root Mean SquareRNR Receiver Not ReadyROAMOPS Roaming Operations Task ForceROC Report on CommentsROLR Receive Objective Loudness RatingROM Read Only MemoryROP Report On ProposalsROSE Remote Operations Service Element (X.219 and X.229)ROT Receive Only TerminalRP Radio PortsRP Reference PointsRP-AS Ringing, Pulse-Alerting SignalRPC Remote Procedure Call

RPCU Radio Port Control UnitRPE Regular Pulse ExcitationRPF Remote Power FeedRPP Reverse-Pair PositioningRPR Reference Picture ResamplingRPS Reference Picture SelectionRPWM Rules of Procedure and Working MethodsRQV Running Quality ValueRR Resource Record (TIPHON)RR Registration RejectRRJ Registration RejectRRQ Registration RequestRRU Reduced Resolution UpdateRS Radio SystemRS Radiocommunications Sector - ITU- (CCIR)RS Reed-Solomon (code)RS Rectangular SliceRS Resolution Services (TIPHON)RSA Public Key Cryptosystem invented by Rivest, Shamir and AdlemanRSA Rural Service AreaRSDN Regional Switched Digital NetworkRSF Residential Standards ForumRSGCP Reliable Signaling Gatway Control ProtocolRSGP Reliable Signaling Gateway ProtocolRSID Residential System IdentificationRSL Reference System LabRSSI Received Signal Strength IndicationRSVP Resource Reservation Setup Protocol (IETF)RT Remote TerminalRT Round TripRTC Return to Control (T.4)RTCA Radio Technical Commission for AeronauticsRTCP Real-time Transport Control ProtocolRTD Round Trip DelayRTE Remote Terminal EquipmentRTF Radio Terminal FunctionRTLM Real Time Link ManagementRTP Real Time Transport Protocol (IETF)RTR Revised Technical Report (ETSI)RTS Request to SendRTS Revised Technical Specification (ETSI)RTS-CTS Request to Send - Clear to SendRTSP Real-Time Streaming ProtocolRTT Radio Transmission TechnologiesRTTE Radio and Telecommunication Terminal EquipmentRTU Right to UseRTX Request RetransmissionRTYPE Rounding TypeRUFP Reflected Unique Findable PatternRVLC Reversible Variable Length CodesRX ReceiveRZ-SSB Return to Zero SSB

-S-S&R Segmentation and Re-assemblyS/ATT Satellite Analog Tie Trunk (TIA-646-B)S/DTT Satellite Digital Tie Trunk (TIA-646-B)S/N Signal-to-NoiseS/T Logical interface between xTU-R and user terminal equipmentSA1 Systems Aspects - Services (3GPP Committee)SAA-AMS Service Aspects and Applications - Audio/Visual Multimedia ServicesSAAC Syntax-Based Adaptive Arithmetic CodingSABM Set Asynchronous Balanced ModeSABME Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode ExtendedSAC Service Access CodeSAC Subscriber Access ControlSAC Syntax-based Arithmetic CodingSACCH Slow Associated Control ChannelSAD Sum of Absolute DifferencesSAE Society of Automotive EngineersSAFE SeAmless, Fixed-overhead Efficient (framing)SAFER Secure and Fast Encryption RoutineSAGE Security Algorithms Group of ExpertsSAID Serving Area IDSAM Synchronous Access Mode (V.80)SAMPS System Assisted Mobile Positioning through Satellite (TDMA Third Generation Wireless)SANC Signaling Area Network CodeSAP Segmentation Application PartSAP Service Access PointSAP System Application ProcedureSAPI Service Access Point IdentifierSAR Segmentation And Re-assemblySAR Specific Absorption RateSAS Smart Antenna SavvySAS Subscriber Alerting SignalSASET Secure Audio SETSAT SatelliteSAT Satellite ATMSAVD Simultaneous or Alternating Voice DataSBC Southern Building CodeS-BCCH Short Message Service Broadcast Control ChannelSBE Single Byte ExtensionSBI Sub-Bitstream IndicatorsSBID Stuff Bit IDSBM Single BitmapSBSD Supplementary and Bearer Service Description (T1S1)SC Steering CommitteeSC Service CapabilitySC Subscriber ConfidentialitySC Type of commercial fiber optic connector (Push-Pull)SCA Selective Call AcceptanceSCaps Capabilities with Sub-fieldsSCC Standards Coordinating Committee (IEEE)SCC Standards Council of CanadaSCCC Serial Concatenated Convolutional CodeSCCH Single Cell Control ChannelSCCP Signaling Connection Control Part (SS7)

SCD Service Capability DefinitionSCELP Spike Code Excited Linear PredictionSCF Service Control FunctionSCF Shared Control with FeedbackSCF Supervisory and Control FunctionSCF Synchronization and Convergence FunctionSCF System Communication FunctionSCM Single-Carrier ModulationSCM Station Class MarkSCM Sub-Carrier MultiplexingSCN Switched Circuit NetworkSCOT Steering Committee on TelecommunicationsSCP Service Control PointSCR Selective Call RejectionSCSA Signal Computing System ArchitectureSCSC SubCommittee on Standards and Conformance (APEC)SCSI Small Computer System InterfaceSCT Strathclyde Compression TransformSCT Simple Control Transmission ProtocolSCT Mexican Ministry of Communications and TransportsSCTE Society of Cable Television EngineersScTP Screened Twisted PairSCTP Stream Control Transmission ProtocolSCV Specialized Codec VBRSD Spectral DataSD Super DomainSDB Switched Digital BroadcastSDC Supplier's Declaration of Conformity (also SDOC)SDCC Supplementary Digital Color CodeSDCCH Standalone Dedicated Control ChannelSDD Stutter Dialing DeviceSDF System Directory FunctionSDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySDL Structure Description LanguageSDMT Synchronized DMTSDO Standards Development OrganizationSDoC Suppliers Declaration of Conformity (also SDC)SDP Session Description ProtocolSDPng SDP Next GenerationSDR Sequence Determined RedundancySDSAF Switched Digital Services Applications ForumSDSL Simultaneous DSLSDSL Symmetrical high bit rate Digital Subscriber LineSDSS Server Display And Script ServicesSDT Stutter Dial ToneSDU Service Data UnitSE Synchronous EditingSEAD Software Encryption Algorithm for Data ServicesSEBCH Systematic Extended Bose, Chaudhuri, and HocquenghamSEC ETSI Security Technical CommitteeSECOFI Mexican Ministry of Commerce and Industrial DevelopmentSEI Supplemental Enhancement InformationSELV Low Voltage associated with digital circuits (IEC 950)SEP Selective Polling (T.30)

SERVNOT Service NotificationSES Severely Errored SecondSES Standards Engineering SocietySET Simple Endpoint TypesSF Single FrequencySF SuperframeSF Synchronization FlagSfDLy Superframe reconfiguration Delay number (Q4/15)SFF Small Form FactorSFlgSf Synch Flag Superframe number (Q4/15)SFR Special Function RegistersSG Signaling GatewaySG Study Group (ITU)SGCI Simple Gateway Control InterfaceSGCP Simple Gateway Control ProtocolSGFS Special Group for Functional StandardsSGMM MultiMedia Study GroupSGSN Serving GPRS Support NodeSHDSL Single-line High Speed DSLSHO Soft HandoffSI Signaling IntelligenceSI Still ImageSIA Security Industry AssociationSIA Semiconductor Industry AssociationSID Send IdentifierSID Silence Insertion DescriptorSID System IdentificationSIF Standard Interchange FormatSIG Special Interest GroupSIGTRAN Signaling transport (IETF)SIM Subscriber Identity ModuleSIMD Single-Instruction, Multiple DataSIN System Identification NetworkSIO Scientific or Industrial Organization (ITU member)SIP Session Initiation Protocol (IETF)SIPTEL Session Initiation Profile for Internet Telephony, an IETF BoF group, which was a precurserto the IETF Working Group iptel (IP Telephony)SIR Signal to Interference RatioSIRD Service Independent Requirements DefinitionSIT Special Information ToneSIU Subscriber Interface UnitSLA Service Level AgreementSLB Sequential Link Bring-up (V.MoIP)SLC Subscriber Loop CarrierSLC Start of Layer DataSLD Second Level DomainSLE Screen List EditingSLER Signal to Listener Echo RatioSLIC Subscriber Line Integrated CircuitSLIM Simple Legislation for the Single MarketSLP Service Location ProtocolSLR Send Loudness RatingSM Service ManagementSM Single Mode

SM Spectrum ManagementSMALL Short Multiplexed AALSMATV Satellite Master Antenna TelevisionSMD Short Message DeliverySMDB Short Message Delivery BroadcastSMDBACK Short Message Delivery BackwardSMDFWD Short Message Delivery ForwardSMDM Short Message Delivery Multipoint Bearer ServiceSMDPP Short Message Delivery Point-to-Point Bearer ServiceSMDS Switched Multi-megabit Data ServiceSME Short Message EntitySME Signaling Message EncryptionSME Small-to-Medium sized EnterprisesSME Subject Matter ExpertSMEKEY Short Message Encryption KeySMG Special Mobile GroupSMI Structure of Management InformationSMM Spectrum Management MethodologySMMI Single Man Machine InterfaceSMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television EngineersSMR Specialized Mobile RadioSMS Service Management SystemSMS Short Message ServiceSMSA Standard Metropolitan Statistical AreaSM-SC Short Message Service CenterSMSC Short Message Service CenterSMSC SMS-callSMSREQ Short Message Service RequestSMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSMV Selectable Mode VocoderSN Scaling NumberSN Service NodeSNA Synchronous Network ArchitectureSNDCP Sub Network Dependent Convergence ProtocolSNHC Synthetic-Natural Hybrid CodingSNI Service Node InterfaceSNI SMS Notification IndicatorSNI Standard Network InterfaceSNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (IETF)SNR-LP SNR scalable coding with Leaky PredictionSNR Signal to Noise RatioSOA Semiconductor Optical AmplifierSOC System Operator CodeSOHO Small Office Home OfficeSOI Start of ImageSOM Self-Organizing MulticastSONET Synchronous Optical NetworkSOP Standard Operating ProcedureSOS Speech Option SelectionSOT Send Only TerminalSOVA Soft Output Viterbi AlgorithmSP Service ProviderSP Standards Proposal (TIA Industry Ballot)SP Study Point (ETSI)

SP Switchable-P [frames]SPA Service Provider AccessSPACH Short Message Service, Paging Channel and Access Response ChannelSPAI Service Provider Access InterfacesSPAN Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks (ETSI TC)SPAR Service Provider Access Requirements (ETSI SPAN)S-PCN Satellite Personal Communications NetworkS-PDU Supervisory PDUSPH Service Profile at the Home locationspi spots per inchSPI Standard Programmatic InterfaceSPIFF Still Picture Interchange File FormatSPINA Subscriber Personal Identification Number AccessSPINI Subscriber Personal Identification Number InterceptSPC Single Parity CheckSPC System Programming CodeSPIRITS Service in the PSTN/IN Requesting InTernet Service (IETF)SPL Sound Pressure LevelSPNE Signal Processing Network EquipmentS-PRBS Single cycle - Pseudo Random Bit SequenceSPRT Simple Packet Relay TransportSPS Signaling Protocols and SwitchingSPS Signaling Protocol And System Technical Committee (ETSI)SPS5 SPC Signaling, Protocols and Switching Stored Program Controller (ETSI)SPTT Signal Processing Transmission TerminalsSPV Service Profile at the Visited locationSPVC Switched Permanent Virtual CircuitSPWG Service Provider-focused Working Group (Trilateral)SQ Scalar QuantizationSQCIF Sub-QCIFSQEG Speech Quality Expert GroupSQL Structured Query LanguageS/R Suspend/ResumeSR Special Report (Telcordia)SRA Seamless Rate AdaptationSRC Strategic Review Committee (ETSI)SRD Standards Requirements DocumentSRDB Selective Routing Data BaseSREJ Selective RejectSRF Service Resource FunctionSRGB Standard RGB (Red Green Blue)SRL Secure Radio LinkSRL Software Release LetterSRL Structural Return LossSRM Standards Related MattersSRP Scalable Resource reservation ProtocolSRP Server Requester ProtocolSRTS Synchronous Residual Time StampSRU Signal Regenerator UnitSRU-R Signal Regenerator Unit - RemoteSS Slice StructuredSS Steady StateSS Supplementary ServicesSS#5 Signaling System 5

SS#7, SS7 Signaling System 7SS-CD Supplementary Services Call DeflectionSS-CFB Supplementary Services Call Forwarding BusySS-CFNR Supplementary Services Call Forwarding No ReplySS-CFU Supplementary Services Call Forwarding UnconditionalSS-CI Supplementary Service - Call IntrusionSSCOP Service Specific Connecction Oriented ProtocolSSCQE Single Stimulus Continuous Quality EvaluationSSCS Service Specific Convergence SublayerSSD Shared Secret DataSSDSL Synchronized Symmetric Digital Subscriber LineSSE Sum of Squared ErrorSSF Service Switching FunctionSSFP Service Specific Face PlateSSG Special Study Group (ITU)SSI Signal Strength IndicatorSSL Secure Sockets LayerSS-MCM Supplementary Services - Message Center MonitoringSS-MID Supplementary Services - Mailbox IdentificationSSN Sub-System NumberSSO Speech Service OptionSSOVP Solid State Primary ProtectorsSSP Service Switching PointSSPR System Selection for Preferred RoamingST Type of commercial fiber optic connector (Bayonet)STANAG NATO Standardization AgreementSTAG Security Techniques Advisory GroupSTB Set Top BoxSTC Sub-Technical Committee (ETSI)STD Simplified Trellis DecoderSTDT Stutter Dial ToneSTE Secure Terminal EquipmentSTF Specialist Task Force (ETSI)STG Special Task GroupSTG Special Topic GroupSTI Service Transport InterfaceSTIT IEEE Subcommittee on Telephone Instrument TestingSTL Software Tool LibrarySTM Synchronous Transmission ModeSTMR Sidetone Masking RatingSTN Switched Telephone NetworkSTP Set of Transmission Parameters (TM6)STP Shielded Twisted PairSTP Signaling Transfer PointSTP Standards Technical PanelSTQ Speech Transmission QualitySTRE Side-Tone Reference EquipmentSTU Secure Terminal UnitSTU SHDSL Transceiver UnitSTU-C SHDSL Transceiver Unit - Central office endSTU-R SHDSL Transceiver Unit - Remote Terminal EndSTU-III Secure Terminal Unit - IIISTS Short Term StationarySU Subscriber Units

SUB Sub-address (T.30)SUD Single Use DeviceSUR SurvivabilitySVB Switched Video BroadcastSVC Switched Virtual CircuitSVD Simultaneous Voice DataSVF Simultaneous Voice and FacsimileSW SoftwareSWELP Switched Excited Linear PredictiveSWG Sub-Working Group

-T-T&E Technical & Engineering Committee (Telocator)T&I Testing & Interoperability (DSL Forum Working Group)T&IWG Testing & Interoperability Working Group (ADSL Forum)T&R Tip and RingTA Technical AssemblyTA Terminal AdapterTA Transmit Additional informationTAAB Technical Ad hoc Advisory BoardTAAC Telecommunications Advisory CommitteeTAB Tone above BandTABD Trans-Atlantic Business DialogTAC Terminal-Aggregator CommunicationTAC Terminal Attachment CouncilTACS Total Access Communications SystemsTAF Terminal Adoption FunctionTAG Technical Advisory GroupTAP Traditional Approval Process (ITU, via Resolution 1)TAP Two-step Approval Process (ETSI)TAPAC Terminal Attachment Program Advisory CommitteeTAPI Telephony APITASA Telecommunications Access System ActTAWG Terminal Attachment Working GroupTB Technical Body (ETSI)TB Turbo BlockTBB Telecommunications Bonding BackboneTBCD Telephony Binary Coded DecimalTBD To be DeterminedTBG Technical Basis for GlobalizationTBH Technical Basis for Harmonized conformanceTBI Ten Bit InterfaceTBR Technical Basis for Regulation (ETSI)TBRL Terminal balance return lossTC Technical CommitteeTC Telecommunications ClosetTC Test CaseTC Transaction CapabilitiesTC Trellis CodedTC Turbo ConvolutionalTCAM Telecommunication Conformity Assessment and Market Surveillance Committee (ETSI)TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application PartTC AT Technical Committee Access and Terminals (ETSI)TCB Telecommunications Certification Bodies

TCBC Telecommunications Certification Bodies CouncilTCC Technical Correlating Committee (NEC)TCC Borland Turbo C++ CompilerTC-ERM ETSI Technical Committee on EMC and Radio spectrum MattersTCF Training Check (T.30)TCH Transparent Circuit HandlingTC HF Technical Committee Human Factor (ETSI)TCIF Telecommunications Industry Forum (ATIS)TCL Transverse Conversion LossTCLw Terminal Coupling Loss weightedTCM Time Compression MultiplexTCM Trellis Coded ModulationTCM-ISDN Time Compression Multiplexed ISDNTC-NA ETSI Technical Committee on Network AspectsTCOEF Transform CoefficientTCON Telenor Research's error concealment decoderT-CONT Traffic Container (G.983.dba)TCP Terminal Connection PointTCP Transmission Control ProtocolTCPA Telephone Consumer Protection Act (1991)TC-PAM Trellis Coded Pulse Amplitude ModulationTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTC SP Technical Committee Speech ProcessingTC-SPS ETSI Technical Committee on Signaling Protocol and SystemTC-TM Technical Committees on Transmission and MultiplexingTCR-TR Technical Committee Report-Technical ReportTCTL Tranverse Conversion Transfer LossTD Temporary Document (ITU et al)TDD Task Data Descriptions (T.611 e-mail)TDD Telecommunications Devices for the DeafTDD Time Division DuplexingTDF Transportable Document FormatTDM Time Division MultiplexTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessTDOA Time Difference of ArrivalTDSO Test Data Service Option (cdma2000)TE Terminal Equipment (ETSI TC)TE Traffic EngineeringTE2 Cellular User's Terminal EquipmentTEC-LA Telecommunications and Electronic Consortium for Latin AmericaTEDPA Telecommunications Equipment Distribution Program Association (www.tedpa.org)TEL Telephony (APEC WG)TELR Talker Echo Loudness RatingTEM TE Management MeetingTEM Transverse Electro MagneticTEN Trans-European NetworksTEN-Telecom Trans-European Telecommunications NetworksTEP Talk Echo ProtectionTEQ Time Domain EqualizerTES Telecommunication Equipment SafetyTETRA Trans European Trunked RAdioTFIG Task Force Implementation GroupTFO Tandem Free OperationTFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (RFC 1350)

TG Task GroupTGB Telecommunications Grounding BusbarTGCP Trunking Gateway Control ProtocolTH Tomlinson-HarashimaTHD Total Harmonic DistortionTHL TransHybrid LossTIA Telecommunications Industry AssociationTICS Transport Information and Control SystemsTIES Telecom Information Exchange Services (ITU)TIES Time Independent Escape SequenceTIFF Tagged Image File FormatTIFF-F Tagged Image File Format-FaxTIFF-FX Tagged Image File Format-Fax (RFC 2301)TIGIN Transport Network Equipment for Interconnecting GSTN and IP NetworksTILU Telecommunications Industry Liaison Unit (FBI)TIMS Transmission Impairment Measurement SystemTINA Telecommunications Information Networking ArchitectureTIP Transport and Internetworking PackageTIPIA TIPHON IP telephony Implementation AgreementTIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (ETSI TC)TIWG Testing & Interoperability Working GroupTLA Three Letter AcronymTLC Test Loop CombinationTLD Third Level DomainTLDN Temporary Local Directory NumberTLP Test Level PointTLS Transport Layer SecurityTLV Type Length ValueTM TeleManagement (Forum)TM Transmission and Multiplexing (ETSI TC)TMCC TM Chairman's Coordination committeeTMF TeleManagement ForumTMGB Telecommunications Main Grounding BusbartML telecommunications Markup LanguageTML Test ModelTMN Telecommunication Management NetworkTMN1 Temporal Reference Model for the Near Term 1TMN8 Video Codec Test Model, Near-Term, VersionTMSI Temporary Mobile Station IdentityTNR Transmit Not ReadyTNS Transit Network SelectionTNV Telephone Network Voltage (IEC 950)TO Telecommunications OutletTOA Time of ArrivalToC Table of ContentsTOC Terminated Open CircuitTOLR Transmit Objective Loudness RatingTOM Telecom Operations Map (TeleManagement Forum)TON Type of NumberToR Terms of ReferenceTOSCA Text and Office Systems Content ArchitectureTOSQA Telecommunication Objective Speech Assessment, algorithm of T-Nova BerkomTP Test ProtocolTP Test Purposes

TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit (X.224)TPS Transport Protocol SpecificTPS-TC Transport Protocol Specific-Transmission ConvergenceTPKT Transport Packet (T.123)TPUI Temporary Portable User IdentityT/R Tip/RingTR Technical ReportTR Technical Requirements (TIA committee)TR Telecommunications RoomTR Temporal ReferenceTR Transmit ReadyTR2TF Technical (TR- Committee) Regulatory Reform Task ForceTRAC Technical Recommendations Application Committee (ETSI)TRC TIPHON Resolution CapabilityTREG Telecommunications Regulatory Email GrapevineTRIC TIA Regulatory Issues CommitteeTRIO TIPHON Remote InterOpTRIP Telephony Routing Information ProtocolTRL Transmit Loudness RatingTRMMDS Technical Requirements MultiMedia Distribution SystemsTRP Temporal Reference for PredictionTRRTF Technical (TR- Committee) Regulatory Task ForceTRWNT Technical Requirements Wireline TerminalsTRWST Technical Requirements Wireless TerminalsTS Technical SpecificationTS Time Slot (Q6/15)TS PCR Transport Stream Program Clock ReferenceTSA Transmitting Subscriber internet AddressTSACC Telecommunication Standards Advisory Council of CanadaTSAG Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (ITU)TSAPI Telephony Server APITSB Telecommunications Standardization Board (ITU)TSB Telecommunications Systems Bulletin (TIA)TSG Technical Specification GroupTSI Transmitting Subscriber IdentificationTSP Telephony Service ProviderTSS ITU-Telecommunications Standardization Sector (CCITT)TSS Test Suite SpecificationTSSC Technical Standards Subcommittee (TIA)TSSS Temporal, SNR, and Spatial ScalabilityTSV Transport Area (IETF)TSWG Transport Sub Working Group (DSL Forum)TT ANSI Translation TypeTTC Telecommunication Technology Committee (Japan)TTC TIA Technical CommitteeTTCM Turbo Trellis Coded ModulationTTCN Tree and Tabular Combined NotationTTE Telecommunications Terminal EquipmentTTF Technical Task ForceTTIB Transparent tone in bandTTL Time To LiveTTP Trusted Third PartyTTT Trans-European Network Telecom (TIPHON)TTY Teletype

TU-C Transceiver Unit - Central Office EndTUP Telephony User PartTV TelevisionTWA Time Weighted AverageTWAIN Scanner Interface API: Technology Without An Interesting Name (MFPI work)TWP Technical Working Procedures (ETSI)TX Transmit

-U-U/S UpstreamUA User AgentUAP Unified Accelerated ProcedureUART Universal Asynchronous Receiver TransmitterUAS Unavailable Seconds (Rec. G.997.1)UAWG Universal ADSL Working GroupUB Unlicensed BandUBC Uniform Building CodeUBC University of British ColumbiaUBIC Unbilled Itemized CallsUBR Unspecified Bit RateUBS User-Based SolutionUC-PAM Ungerboeck Coded PAMUCAN User Circuit mode Access to Network (T1S1)UCF Unregistration ConfirmUCI Universal Communications IdentifierUCS Universal Character SetUCS Universal multiple octet coded Character SetUDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (industry initiative)UDI Unrestricted Digital InformationUDLC Universal Digital Loop CarrierUDP User Datagram Protocol (IETF)UEP Unequal Error ProtectionUDP User Datagram ProtocolUDPTL Facsimile UDP Transport Layer protocolUGST User's Group on Software ToolsUHF Ultra High FrequencyUI Unit IntervalUI User InterfaceUI Unnumbered Information transfer formatUIH Unnumbered Information with Header checkUIM User Identity ModuleUL Underwriters LaboratoriesULM Unified Management FrameworkULP Uneven Level ProtectionUm Radio (Air) Interface between Mobile and Base StationUME UNI Management EntityUML Unified Modeling LanguageUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUMV Unrestricted Motion Vector (H.263)U-N User-NetworkUNAA Universal Network Access ArrangementUN/ECE United Nations Economic Commission for EuropeUNERM Unacknowledged Non-Error Recovery ModeUNH University of New Hampshire

UNI User-Network InterfaceUP User PartUPBO Upstream Power Back-OffUPC Usage Parameter ControlU-PCS, UPCS Unlicensed PCSUPED User Premises Equipment DivisionuPnP Universal Plug and Play ForumUPR Users Performance RequirementsUPS Uninterrupted Power SupplyUPT Universal Personal Telecommunications (ITU)UPTSP Universal Personal Telecommunications Service ProvidersUPU Universal Postal UnionUQ Utility QualityURI Unified Resource IdentifierURI User Premises Equipment Regulatory IssuesURL Uniform Resource LocatorURQ Unregistration RequestUS Under StudyUS1 TDMA Wireless Speech CoderUSAG United States Advisory GroupUSB Universal Serial BusUSCEL United States Council of EMC LaboratoriesUSH University of SherbrookeUSIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module (3GPP Working Group T3)uSMS universal Short Message ServiceUSNC United States National CommitteeUSOC Uniform Service Order CodesUSTA United States Telecom AssociationUSTR US Trade RepresentativeUT Upper Tester (TIPHON)UTAM Unlicensed Transition and ManagementUTC Universal Time CodeUTF UCS (Universal Character Set) Transformation FormatUTL UtilityUTP Unshielded Twisted PairUTRAN UMTS Radio Access NetworkUU, U-U User to UserUUI User-User InterfaceUUIE User-to-User Information ElementUUT Unit Under TestUVG Universal Voice GradeUVLC Universal Variable Length CodewordUWCC Universal Wireless Communications ConsortiumUXP Unequal Erasure Protection

-V-V&M Voice and Multimedia WG (ATM Forum)V&V Validate and VerifyVA Viterbi AlgorithmVAD Voice Activity DetectorVADSL Very high speed ADSLVAF Voice Activity FactorVAME Voice on ATM Multiplication EquipmentVAR Value Added Resellers

VBD Voice Band DataVBRnrt Variable Bit Rate non-real timeVBRrt Variable Bit Rate real timeVBSMC Variable Block-Size Motion CompensationVBV Video Buffer VerificationVC-RDI Virtual Circuit-Remote Detect IndicatorVC Video ControlVC Virtual ChannelVC Virtual Circuit (Rec. I.610)VC Virtual ConnectionVC Virtual ContainerVC Volume ControlVCC Virtual Channel ConnectionVCEG Video Coding Experts Group (Q6/16)VCELS Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting LaserVCOM vcom.drv for Microsoft ChicagoVCI Virtual Channel IdentifierVCL Video Coding LayerVCR Video Cassette RecorderVCS Voice Controlled ServicesVDC Volts DCVDI Verification and Demonstration ImplementationVDI Verification, Design and ImplementationVDMA German Telefax Association, Verband Deutscher Maschinen und AnlagenbauVDSL Very high speed DSLVDTI Voiceband Data Transmission InterfaceVED Voice Enhancement DevicesVEMMI Versatile MultiMedia Interface (ETSI)VEMMI Videotex Enhanced Man Machine Interface ServiceVERA Video Error Resilience AlgorithmVESA Video Electronic Standard AssociationVHE Virtual Home EnvironmentVHF Very High FrequencyVHN VESA's Home NetworkingV-I Voltage - CurrentVIA Vendors ISDN AssociationVICS Vehicle Information and Communications System Service (Japan)VIM Vendor Independent MessagingVIMP Virtual Interoperability Meeting PlaceVISIONng Voice over IP Service IntroductiON - new generationVLAN Virtual Local Area NetworkVLBR Very Low Bit RateVLBVT Very Low Bit rate Video TelephonyVLC Variable Length CodingVLCD Variable Length Coding and DecodingVLD Variable Length DecodingVLDB Very Large DatabaseVLF Visitor Location FunctionVLR Visitor Location RegisterVLRIN Visitor Location Register Identification NumberVLSI Very Large Scale IntegrationVM Verification ModelVMAC Voice Mobile Attenuation CodeVMLA Virtual Mobile Location Area

VMM Virtual Meeting ManagementVMOA Voice and Multimedia over ATM (ATM Forum WG)VMS IBM operating systemVMS Voice Mail SystemVMWI VoiceMail Waiting IndicationVoADSL Voice over ADSLVoATM Voice over ATMVoB Voice over BroadbandVOC VDSL Operations ChannelVOD Video on DemandVoDSL Voice over DSLVoI Voice over InternetVoIP Voice Over Internet ProtocolVoMBN Voice over Multi-Service Broadband NetworksVoMPLS Voice over MPLSVoMSDN Voice over Multi-Service Data NetworksVON Voice on Network CoalitionVON Voice On the NetVOP Video Object PlanesVOP Voice over Packet (Network)VoSTM Voice over Synchronous Transfer ModeVOX Voice Operated TransmissionVP Virtual PacketVP Virtual Path (ATM Forum)VPF Virtual Private FacilityVPI Virtual Path IdentifierVPIM Voice Profile for Internet MailVPM Voice Privacy MaskVPMASK Voice Privacy MaskVPN Virtual Private NetworkVQ Vector QuantizationVQEG Video Quality Experts GroupVQmon ETSI TS101 329-5 Annex E, Method for Determining an Equipment Impairment Factorusing Passive MonitoringVR Vertical ResolutionVSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal satellite servicesVSB Vestigial Side BandVSC Vertical Service CodesVSELP Vector Sum Excited Linear Predictive CodingVTOA Voice and Telephony Over ATMVTQME Voice Transmission Quality Mouth to Ear (ETSI)VTR Video Tape RecorderVTS Voice Tone SupportVTU VDSL Transceiver UnitVTU-C VDSL Transceiver Unit - CentralVTU-O VDSL Transeiver Unit at the Optical network unitVTU-R VDSL Transceiver Unit - Remote TerminalV-UNI Virtual UNIVWC Vector Wavelet Coding

-W-W3C World Wide Web ConsortiumWACS Wireless Access Communication SystemsWAN Wide Area Network

WAP Wireless Application ProtocolWARC World Administrative Radio ConferenceWB Wide BandWBS Wireless Business SystemWCAT Wireless Cellular Action TeamWCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple AccessWCPE Wireless CPEWCS Wireless Communications SystemWD Wireless communications DevicesWD Working DocumentWDM Wavelength Division MultiplexingWDS Wireless Data ServiceWEB-CAM Web CameraWER Word Error RateWFOM Wait for Overhead MessageWFQ Weighted Fair QueuingWG Working GroupWI Waveform InterpolationWI Work ItemWIDE Widely Integrated Distributed EnvironmentWIMS Wireless Multimedia and Messaging ServicesWIN Wireless Intelligent NetworkWINS BT's Wideband Impulsive Noise SurveyWLAN Wireless LANWLL Wireless Access Local LoopWLNP Wireless Local Number PortabilityWML Wireless Markup Language (used in WAP)WMOPS Weighted MOPSWOSA Windows Open Services ArchitectureWOT World Ordering Team (TeleManagement Forum)WP Working Party (ITU)WPA Working Party AW-PBX Wireless PBXWPT Wireless Personal TerminalWRC World Radiocommunication ConferenceWRE Wireless Residential ExtensionWSC World Standardization ConferenceWT Working Text (DSL Forum)WTLR Wireless Terminal Location RegistrationWTPF World Telecommunication Policy Forum (ITU)WTSA World Telecommuncations Standardization Assembly (ITU)WTSC World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (ITU)WUPE Wireless User Premises Equipment (TR-41.6)WWW World Wide Web (Internet)

-X-XAPI eXtensive Application Programming InterfaceXAPIA X.400 API AssociationxDSL All the different Digital Subscriber Line technologiesxGCP Gateway Control Protocol including MGCP, SGCP and IPDCXID eXchange IDentificationXIWT Cross-Industry Working TeamXML eXtended Markup LanguageXNI Customer Network Interface

xoIP FoIP, MoIP, VoIPXOR eXclusive ORXRS Message not understoodXTI X-open Transport InterfacexTAAB Advisory Board on Other Access TechnologiesxTU-C All the different Transceiver Units - CentralxTU-R All the different Transceiver Units - Remote

-Y & Z-ZHP Z = input impedance of the ADSL transceiver; HP = high pass (ETSI RTS_TM-06006)ZLP Zero Loss Plan

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SSEC Acronyms ListAcronyms, Abbreviations, Terms

A—AmpereA 3 RI—Antarctic Astronomy and Astrophysics Research InstituteAAAS—American Association for the Advancement of ScienceAAS—American Astronomical SocietyABBA—Automated Biomass Burning AlgorithmABI—Advanced Baseline ImagerABLE—Amazon Boundary Layer ExperimentABOM—Australian Bureau of MeteorologyABS—Advanced Baseline Sounderac or AC—alternating currentACARS—Aeronautical Radio, Inc. Communication and Recording SystemACC—Atlantic Climate ChangeACIS—ACademic Information Services (IBM)ACRIM—Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (EOS)ACS—Asynchronous Communications ServerADA—Americans with Disabilities ActADC—Astronomical Data CenterADC—Atlantic Data Coverage (Meteosat)ADDE—Abstract Distributive Data EnvironmentADEOS—ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite (Japan)ADOM—Acid Deposition and Oxidant ModelADP—Administrative Data Processing (UW-Madison)ADR—Adiabatic Demagnetization RefrigeratorAERI—Atmospheric Emitted Radiance InterferometerAES—Atmospheric Environment Service (Canada)AFB—Air Force BaseAFGL—Air Force Geophysics LaboratoryAFOS—Automation of Field Operations and Services (NWS)AFOSR—Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchAFWEX—Atmospheric Radiation Measurement First ISCCP Regional field Experiment Water Vapor Experiment (Nov.-Dec.2000)AGCM—Atmospheric General Circulation ModelAGCM—Australian General Circulation ModelAGFS—Aviation Gridded Forecast SystemAGL—Above Ground LevelAGU—American Geophysical UnionAI—Artificial IntelligenceAIAA—American Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsAIREP—AIRcraft REPortAIRS—Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (EOS)AISC—Assessment and Information Services CenterAIX—Advanced Interactive eXecutive (IBM’s UNIX)AJ—Astronomical Journala.k.a.—also known asALERT—Automated Local Evaluation in Real TimeALPEX—ALPine EXperimentALSPP—Atmospheric and Land Surface Processes ProjectALT—ALTimeterAMANDA—Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array

amp—AmpereAMRC—Antarctic Meteorological Research CenterAMRIR—Advanced Medium Resolution Infrared RadiometerAMS—American Meteorological SocietyAMSAS—AOA Meteorological Satellite Analysis SystemAMSU—Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit (EOS)ANL—Argonne National LaboratoryANSI—American National Standards InstituteAO—Announcement of OpportunityAOA—Airborne Optical AdjunctAO&SS—Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences (building)AOS—(Department of) Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesAOT—Aerosol Optical ThicknessAP—Anomalous PropagationAP—Associated PressAPI—Application Program InterfaceAp.J—Astrophysical JournalAPT—Automatic Picture TransmissionAPU—Auxiliary Power UnitARA—Appletalk Remote AccessARC—Ames Research Center (NASA)ARC—Arctic Radiation and Chemistry experimentARM—Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (DOE)ARM—Australian Region McIDASARPA—Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD, formerly DARPA)ARPS—Advanced Regional Prediction SystemARSLOE—Atlantic Remote Sensing Land/Ocean ExperimentASA—Academic Staff AssemblyASA—Antarctic Support AssociatesASADA—Automated Smoke/Aerosol Detection AlgorithmASCII—American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASDAR—Aircraft to Satellite DAta RelayASEAN—Association of SouthEast Asian NationsASHOE—Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone ExperimentASIS—American Society for Information ScienceASOS—Automated Surface Observing System (NWS)ASPT—Advanced Satellite Products Team (NOAA/ORA)ASPRO—Academic Staff Public Representation OrganizationASR—Airport Surveillance RadarASTER—Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (EOS)ASTEX—Atlantic STratus EXperimentAT&T—American Telephone & TelegraphATBD—Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (EOS)ATC—Air Traffic ControlATM—Asynchronous Transfer ModeATM—Division of ATMospheric Sciences (NSF)ATMES—ATmospheric Model Evaluation StudyATOVS—Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical SounderATS—Applications Technology SatelliteAU—Astronomical UnitAURA—Association of Universities for Research in AstronomyAUTONAV—AUTOmatic NAVigationAVE-SESAME—Atmospheric Variability Experiment-Severe Environmental Storm and MesoscaleExperiment (1970s)

AVHRR—Advanced Very High Resolution RadiometerAVIRIS—Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (JPL)AWC—Aviation Weather Center (form. NSSFC; NWS Center)AWIPS—Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (NWS)AWS—Air Weather Service (USAF)AWS—Automatic Weather StationsBAHC—Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrological CycleBAMS—Bulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyBAPMoN—Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network (WMO)BASE-A—Biomass burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment-Amazoniabaud—one bit per secondBBS—Bulletin Board SystemBBXRT—Broad Band X-Ray TelescopeBCS—Broadband Cable System (UW)bit—binary digitBITNET—Because It’s Time NETworkBLCMD—BiLevel CoMmanD (DXS)BLIS—Boundary Layer Instrumentation SystemBMEE—Bachelor of Science in Mechanical EngineeringBMO—British Meteorological OfficeBMRC—Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (Australia)BOM—Bureau of Meteorology (Australia)BOREAS—Boreal Ecosystems Atmosphere Study (BAHC/GEWEX)bpi—bits per inchbps or BPS—bits per secondBSEE—Bachelor of Science in Electrical EngineeringBTW—By The Way (e-mail)BUFR—Binary Universal FoRmBUV—Backscattered UltraVioletC—CapacitanceC—CentigradeCAC—Climate Analysis CenterCACGP—Commission of Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (IAMAP)CAD—Computer Aided DesignCAMEX—Convection and Moisture ExperimentCAMS—Calibrated Airborne Multispectral ScannerCaPE—Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment (STORM)CAPE—Convective Available Potential EnergyCAPPI—Constant Altitude Plan Position IndicatorCAPS—Center for the Analysis and Prediction of StormsCART—Cloud And Radiation Testbed (DOE/ARM)CAS—Calibrated Air SpeedCCD—Charge-Coupled DeviceCCFF—Cape Canaveral Forecasting FacilityCCM—Community Climate ModelCCN—Cloud Condensation Nucleus (or Nuclei)CCR—Center for Climatic Research (IES)CCT—Computer Compatible TapeCDDF—Central Data Distribution FacilityCDDIS—Crustal Dynamics Data Information SystemCDE—Common Desktop EnvironmentCDF—Common Data Format (NASA/SSDC)CDF—Communications Data FieldCD-ROM—Compact Disc-Read Only Memory

CEES—Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences (U.S.)CEOS—Committee for Earth Observation SatellitesCEPEX—Central Equatorial Pacific EXperimentCERES—Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (EOS)CERN—Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (European Laboratory for Particle Physics; Geneva, Switzerland)CFC—ChloroFluoroCarbonCFTC—Commodity Futures Trading CommissionCG—Center of Gravity (DXS)CGC—Climate and Global ChangeCGCP—Climate & Global Change ProgramCGI—Common Gateway Interface (Internet)CGM—Computer Graphics MetafileCGSE—Customer electrical Ground Support Equipment (DXS)CH 4 —methaneCHAMEX—Cloud Height And Motion EXperimentCHAMMP—Computer Hardware, Advanced Mathematics and Model PhysicsCICA—Center for Innovative Computer ApplicationsCICS—Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies (U.Maryland)CIESIN—Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (U.S.)CIMMS—Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (OK)CIMSS—Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite StudiesCIRA—Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CSU)CIRES—Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CO)CIRRUS—Cloud InfraRed Radiometer for UnESSCISE—Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (NSF)CIT—Convection-Induced TurbulenceCITA—Center for IT Accommodation (GSA)CITE—Cargo Integration and Test Equipment (DXS)CITE —Chemical Instrument Test and Evaluation (NASA GTE)CLASS—Cross-chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding SystemCLS—Cloud Lidar SystemCMA—China Meteorological AdministrationCMS—Conversational Monitoring SystemCNES—Centre National d’Etudes SpatialesCNN—Cable News NetworkCNRS—Centre National de la Récherche ScientifiqueCO 2 —Carbon dioxideCOADS—Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere DatasetCOARE—Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Research Experiment (TOGA)CODAR—COrrelation Detection And RangingCOHMEX—COoperative Huntsville Meteorological EXperimentCo-I—CoInvestigatorCOMET—Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology Education and Training (NOAA and UCAR)COMSAT—COMmunications SATelliteCONUS—CONtinental (or CONterminus) United StatesCOSPAR—Committee On SPAce ResearchCOSTAR—Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial ReplacementCOTS—Commercial Off-The-ShelfCPA—Certified Public AccountantCPC—Climate Prediction Center (NWS Center)cpi—characters per inchCPR—CardioPulmonary ResuscitationCPSC—Consumer Product Safety CommissionCPU—Central Processing Unit

CRAS—CIMSS Regional Assimilation SystemCrO 2 —Chromium OxideCRT—Cathode Ray TubeCS—Computer ScienceCS&S—Computer Sciences and Statistics (UW-MSN)CSC—Computer Sciences CorporationCSI—Coastal Studies Institute (LSU)CSIRO—Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganizationCSIS—Centralized Storm Information SystemCSM—Comprehensive System ModelCSMP—Climate System Modeling ProjectCST—Central Standard TimeCST—Convective-Stratiform TechniqueCSU—Colorado State University (Ft. Collins)CTD—Conductivity-Temperature-DepthCTS—Committee on Teaching of ScienceCU—University of ColoradoCVS—Concurrent Versions SystemCWB—Central Weather Bureau (Taiwan)CZCS—Coastal Zone Color ScannerDAAC—Distributed Active Archive CenterDARPA—Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDASD—Direct Access Storage DeviceDAT—Digital Audio TapeDC—Detector Controller (DXS)dc—direct currentDCS—Data Collection System (NOAA polar orbiting satellites)DDE—Distributive Data Environment (McIDAS)DDS—Domestic Data Service (NWS)DE—Detector Electronics (DXS)DEC—Digital Equipment CorporationDFAD—Digital Feature Analysis DataDFRC—Dryden Flight Research CenterDGVM—Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (GAIM)DIFAX—DIgital FAcsimile mapDILHR—Department of Industry, Labor & Human RelationsDIS—Data and Information Systemdisc—optical media (CDs)DISEL—Diseno e Ingenieria de Systemas Electronicosdisk—magnetic media (floppies)DIU—Detector Interface Unit (DXS)DLL (or .dll)—Dynamic Link LibrariesDMA—Defense Mapping AgencyDMAP—Digital MAPping, charting and geodesy analysis program (USN)DMIC—Deputy Meteorologist-In-Charge (NWS)DMS—DiMethylSulphideDMSP—Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (USAF)DNAG—Decade of North American GeologyDNR—Department of Natural ResourcesDNS—Domain Name SystemDOA—Department of Administration (U.S.)DOC—Department of Commerce (U.S.)DOD—Department of Defense (U.S.)DODS—Distributed Ocean Data System

DOE—Department of Energy (U.S.)DOI—Department of the Interior (U.S.)DoIT—Department of Information Technology (UW-MSN)DOJ—Department of Justice (U.S.)DOL—Department of Labor (U.S.)DORIS—Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (EOS)DOS—Department of State (U.S.)DOS—Disk Operating SystemDOT—Department of Transportation (U.S.)DPS—Detector Power SupplyDPS—Division of Planetary ScienceDPSS—Data Processing Services SubsystemDRIBU—DRIfting BUoy dataDS2—Second Dark Spot (Neptune)DSDP—Deep Sea Drilling ProjectDSP—Digital Signal ProcessingDST—Data Systems TestDTE—Data Terminal EquipmentDTED—Digital Terrain Elevation DataDXS—Diffuse X-ray SpectrometerE&CE—Electrical and Computer EngineeringEADS—Engineering and Data Analysis SystemEarthKAM—Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle-schoolersEBCDIC—Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange CodeECB—Educational Communications BoardECMWF—European Centre for Medium-range Weather ForecastsECOSOC—ECOnomic and SOcial Council (UN)ED—Department of Education (U.S.)EDC—EROS Data CenterEGA—Enhanced Graphics AdapterEGSE—Electrical Ground Support EquipmentEIA—Electronic Industries AssociationEM—ElectroMagnetice-mail or email—electronic mailEMC—ElectroMagnetic CompatibilityEMC—Environmental Modeling Center (NWS Center)EMI—ElectroMagnetic InterferenceEMT—Emergency Medical TechnicianENSO—El Niño/Southern OscillationEOS—Earth Observing SystemEOSDIS—Earth Observing System Data and Information SystemEOSP—Earth Observing Scanner PolarimeterEPA—Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.)EPS—European Polar SatelliteER-2—Earth Resources (plane), #2 (NASA)ERA—Employee Reimbursement AccountERBE—Earth Radiation Budget ExperimentERBS—Earth Radiation Budget SatelliteERICA—Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the AtlanticERL—Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA)EROS—Earth Resources Observing SystemERS—ESA Remote Sensing satelliteERSAF—Environment Remote Sensing Analysis FacilityERSC—Environmental Remote Sensing Center (IES)

ESA—European Space AgencyESDD—Earth Science Data DirectoryESE—Earth Science Enterprise (NASA)ESMR—Electrically Scanning Microwave RadiometerESOC—European Satellite Operations CenterESSA—Environmental Science Services Administration (preceded NOAA)ESSP—Earth System Science Pathfinder Mission (ESSP)ESTEC—European Space TEchnical CenterETAC—Environmental Technical Applications Center (USAF)EUMETSAT—EUropean organization for the exploitation of METeorological SATellitesEVA—Extra Vehicular ActivityFAA—Federal Aviation AdministrationFAM—Flight Assurance Manager (DXS)FAO—Food and Agriculture Organization (UN)FAQ—Frequently Asked Questions (Internet)Fax—facsimileFCCC—Framework Convention on Climate ChangeFD—Flight Day (NASA)FDA—Food and Drug Administration (U.S.)FDIC—Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (U.S.)FedEx—Federal Express (colloquial till mid-1994, then new name)FEMA—Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.)FFA—Future Farmers of AmericaFFT—Fast Fourier TransformFGGE—First GARP Global ExperimentFIFE—First ISLSCP Field ExperimentFIFO—First In, First OutFIRE—First ISCCP Regional Field ExperimentFLOP—FLoating point OPerationFLOWS—FAA-Lincoln Operational Weather StudyFOB—Federal Office BuildingFOC—Faint Object Camera (HST)FORTRAN—FORMula TRANslationFOS—Family Of Services (NWS)FOV—Field Of ViewFPDT—Forecast Products Development Team (NOAA/ORA)FPO—Field Project OfficeFRB—Federal Reserve Board (U.S.)FSL—Forecast Systems Laboratory (a NOAA ERL)FTC—Federal Trade Commission (U.S.)FTE—Full-Time EquivalentFTP—File Transfer Protocol (TCP/IP)FTS—Fourier Transform Spectrometer (HIS, AERI, etc.)FY—Fiscal YearFYI—For Your InformationGAC—Global Area CoverageGAIM—Global Analysis, Interpretation and Modeling (IGBP)GALE—Genesis of Atlantic Lows ExperimentGAO—General Accounting Office (U.S.)GAPEX—Ground-based Atmospheric Profiling EXperimentGARP—Global Atmospheric Research ProgramGARS—GOES Archive and Retrieval SystemGATE—GARP Atlantic Tropical ExperimentGAW—Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO)

GB or Gb—GigabyteGB-HIS—Ground-Based HISGCIP—GEWEX Continental-scale International ProjectGCM—General Circulation ModelGCOS—Global Climate Observing SystemGCRP—Global Change Research ProgramGCTE—Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems (IGBP)GDAS—Global Data Assimilation SystemGDEM—Generalized Digital Environmental ModelGDS—Great Dark Spot (Neptune)GEMPAK—GEneral Meteorological PAcKage (NASA/GSFC)GEODAS—GEOphysical DAta SystemGEOS—GEodetic Orbiting SatelliteGEOS—Geodynamics Experimental Ocean SatelliteGEOSAT—GEOdetic SATelliteGEWEX—Global Energy and Water cycle EXperiment (WCRP)GFDL—Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA)GGI—Global positioning system Geoscience InstrumentGHz—GigaHertzGIF—Graphics Interchange FormatGIFTS—Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform SpectrometerGIFTS-IOMI—GIFTS-Indian Ocean METOC Imager(U.S.Navy)GIMPAP—GOES I/M Product Assurance PlanGINI—GOES Ingest & NOAAport InterfaceGIS—Geographic Information SystemGISP—Greenland Ice Sheet Project (PAGES)GISS—Goddard Institute for Space StudiesGLAS—Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheric SciencesGLIS—Global Land Information System (USGS)GLOBE—Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the EnvironmentGLRS—Geoscience Laser Ranging SystemGMS—Geostationary Meteorological SatelliteGMT—Greenwich Mean Time (repl. by UTC)GOES—Geostationary Operational Environmental SatelliteGOEZS—Global Ocean Euphotic Zone Study (IGBP)GO3OS—Global Ozone Observing System (WMO)GORF—Goddard Optical Research FacilityGOS—Geomagnetic Observing SystemGOWON—Gulf Offshore Weather Observing NetworkGPCI—General Purpose Channel InterfaceGPHIS—GeoPlatform High-resolution Interferometer SounderGPS—Global Positioning SystemGRASP—GRaphic Animation System for ProfessionalsGRIB—GRIdded BinaryGSA—General Services Administration (U.S.)GSAS—Geostationary Satellite Archive SystemGSE—Ground Support EquipmentGSFC—Goddard Space Flight CenterGSOS—GPS Surface Observing SystemGTE—Global Tropospheric Experiment (NASA)GTM—Global Transport ModelGTS—Global Telecommunication System (WMO)GUFMEX—GUlF of Mexico EXperimentGUI—Graphical User Interface

GVAR—GOES VARiableGWE—Global Weather Experiment (a.k.a. FGGE)H 2 O—water (vapor)HAASC—Hughes/Aerojet/Aerospace/Space CommandHAWC—High-resolution Airborne Wideband CameraHDF—Hierarchical Data FormatHDS—High-resolution Data Stream (NWS)HEAB—High Energy Astrophysics Branch (NASA)HF—High FrequencyHHS—Department of Health and Human Services (U.S.)HIMSS—HIgh-resolution Microwave Spectrometer SounderHIRDLS—HIgh-Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (EOS)HIRES—HIgh RESolutionHIRIS—HIgh-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (EOS)HIRS—High-resolution Infrared Radiation SounderHIS—High-resolution Interferometer SounderHITC—Hughes Information Technology CompanyHLA—Human Leukocyte AntigenHMO—Health Maintenance OrganizationHP—Hewlett-PackardHPC—Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (NWS Center)HPCC—High Performance Computing and CommunicationsHPD—Hourly Precipitation DataHPGL—Hewlett Packard Graphics LanguageHQ—HeadQuartersHRIR—High Resolution Infrared RadiometerHRPT—High Resolution Picture TransmissionHRS—High-Resolution data Service (NWS)HSP—High Speed PhotometerHSRL—High Spectral Resolution LidarHST—Hubble Space TelescopeHTML—HyperText Markup LanguageHTTP—HyperText Transfer Protocol (World Wide Web)HUD—Department of Housing and Urban Development (U.S.)HVPS—High Voltage Power SupplyHz—HertzIAF—International Astronautical FederationIAMAP—International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric PhysicsIAP—Institute for Atmospheric Physics (PRC)IAPP—International ATOVS Processing PackageIASI—Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (Europe)IBL—Internal Boundary LayerIBM—International Business MachinesICDS—Ice Coring and Drilling ServicesICSU—International Council of Scientific UnionsIDD—Internet Data Distribution (Unidata)IDL—Interactive Data LanguageIDS—International Data Service (NWS)IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIES—Institute for Environmental StudiesIG—Inspector GeneralIGAC—International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGBP)IGBP—International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (ICSU)IGFA—International Group of Funding Agencies (IGBP)

IIPS—(International Conference on) Interactive Information and Processing Systems (for Meteorology,Oceanography, and Hydrology-AMS)IMAP—Internet Message Access ProtocolIMAPP—International MODIS/AIRS Processing PackageIMAX—MAXimum ImageIMD—India Meteorology DepartmentIMDC—Instructional Media Development Center (UW)IMG—Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse gasesINM—Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Spain)INO—Institute for Naval OceanographyINPE—Instituto de Pesquisas EspaciaisINTERNET—INTERconnected computer NETworkI/O—Input/OutputIOMI—Indian Ocean METOC Imager NavyIOP—Intensive Observing PeriodIP—Internet ProtocolIPCC—Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (WMO/UNEP)IPEI—Ionospheric Plasma and Electrodynamics InstrumentIPL—Initial Program LoadIR—InfraRedIRIS—Infrared Radiation Interferometer Spectrometer (1960s)IRS—Internal Revenue Service (U.S.)ISCCP—International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (WCRP)ISDN—Integrated Services Digital NetworkISI—Information Services InternationalISI—Institute for Scientific InformationISLSCP—International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (WCRP)ISO—International Standards OrganizationISP—Internet Service ProviderISS—International Space StationISY—International Space Year (1992)ITCZ—InterTropical Convergence ZoneITOS—Improved Television and infrared Observation Satellite (1970s)ITPP—International TOVS Processing PackageITS—Interferometer Thermal Sounder (HIS)ITSC—International TOVS Study ConferenceITT—International Telephone and TelegraphIUGG—International Union of Geodesy and GeophysicsIWG—Implementation Working GroupIWGDMGC—Interagency Working Group on Data Management for Global ChangeJASIN—Joint Air-Sea INteractionJCL—Job Control LanguageJGOFS—Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (IGBP)JGR—Journal of Geophysical ResearchJMA—Japanese Meteorological AgencyJOI—Joint Oceanographic InstitutionsJOSS—Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR)JPEG—Joint Photographic Experts GroupJPL—Jet Propulsion LaboratoryJSC—Johnson Space Center (NASA, Houston)K—Kilo, thousandKb/s—kilobits per secondkm—kilometerKSC—Kennedy Space Center

LAC—Local Area CoverageLAFM—Limited-Area Fine MeshLake-ICE—Lake-Induced Convection ExperimentLAMBADA—Large scale Atmospheric Moisture Balance of Amazonia using Data Assimilation(BAHC/GEWEX)LAMPS—Limited-Area Mesoscale Prediction SystemLAN—Local Area NetworkLAPS—Local Analysis and Prediction SystemLaRC—Langley Research Center (NASA)laser—Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationLAWS—Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (EOS)LBA—Large-scale Biosphere-AtmosphereLDA—Local Data AcquisitionLDM—Local Data Manager (Unidata)LDW—Loran DropWindsondeLED—Light Emitting DiodeLES—Large Eddy SimulationLFM—Limited-area Fine Mesh (NMC)LI—Lifted IndexLIDAR—LIght Detection And RangingLIMS—Limb Infrared Monitor of the StratosphereLIS—Lightning Imaging SensorLMD—Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (France)LOC—Library of CongressLOICZ—Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (IGBP)LORAN—LOng RAnge NavigationLPN—Licensed Practical NurseLSU—Louisiana State UniversityLTE—Limited Term Employeem—meter(s)M—million (finance)MACC—Madison Academic Computing CenterMAGICS—Meteorological Applications Graphics Integrated Colour SystemMAMS—Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping SensorMAPS—Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (NOAA/FSL)MAS—MODIS Airborne Simulatormb—millibar(s)Mb or MB—Megabytes (or megabits)MBA—Master of Business AdministrationMbps—Megabytes per secondMb/s—Megabytes per secondMBT—Mechanical BathyThermographMcIDAS—Man computer Interactive Data Access SystemMcIDAS-MVS—McIDAS on Multiple Virtual StorageMcIDAS-OS2—PC-McIDAS on Operating System/2McIDAS-X—McIDAS running a UNIX-based operating systemMcIDAS-XCD—McIDAS running UNIX for Conventional DataMcIDAS-XSD—McIDAS running UNIX for Satellite DataMCS—Mesoscale Convective SystemMD—Meteorological Data (McIDAS)MDR—Manually Digitized RadarMECCA—Model Evaluation Consortium for Climate Assessment (UCAR)MELV—Minimum Local Emissivity VarianceMERLIN—Multisource EnviRonmental data dispLay for INternet archives

MET—Mission Elapsed Time (from time of launch)METAR—METeorological Aviation ReportMeteosat—METEOrological SATellite (European)METOC—METeorology and OCeanographyMETOC—METeorological and OCeanographicMHz—MegaHertzMIDAS—Meteorological Interactive Data Access SystemMIDDS—Meteorological Interactive Data Display SystemMIEC—Meteorological Information Extraction CenterMIMR—Multifrequency Imaging Microwave RadiometerMISR—Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (EOS)MIST—MIcroburst and Severe Thunderstorm programMIT—Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMLEV—Minimum Local Emissivity VarianceMLS—Master of Library ScienceMLS—Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS)Modem—MOdulator-DEModulatorMODIS—MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (EOS)MODIS-N—MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Nadir (EOS)MONEX—MONsoon EXperimentMOODS—Master Ocean Observation Data SetMOPITT—Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere (EOS)MOS—Model Output StatisticsMOU—Memorandum Of UnderstandingMPC—Marine Prediction Center (NWS Center)MPEG—Motion Pictures Experts GroupMPP—Massively Parallel ProcessingMRF—Medium Range Forecast (NCEP)MS-DOS—MicroSoft Disk Operating SystemMSFC—Marshall Space Flight CenterMSG—Meteosat Second GenerationMSL—Mean Sea LevelMSLP—MSL PressureMSS—Mass Storage SystemMSS—Multi-Spectral ScannerMSU—Microwave Sounding UnitMTDC—Modified Total Direct CostsMUG—McIDAS Users’ GroupMURI—Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (U.S. Navy)MVS—Multiple Virtual StorageNAAPS—Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction SystemNAIF—Navigation Ancillary Information Facility (JPL)NAPAP—National Acid Precipitation Assessment ProgramNAS—National Academy of SciencesNASA—National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASDA—National Space Development Agency (Japan)NAST-I—NPOES Atmospheric Sounder Testbed-InterferometerNAVAID—NAVigational AIDNCAR—National Center for Atmospheric ResearchNCDC—National Climatic Data CenterNCDS—NASA Climate Data SystemNCEP—National Centers for Environmental Prediction (form. NMC; NWS Center)NCSA—National Center for Supercomputing Applications (UI-Urbana/Champaign)NCUA—National Credit Union Administration

NDBC—National Data Buoy CenterNDBO—Non-Directional Beacon ObservationNDVI—Normalized Difference Vegetation IndexNEA—National Endowment for the ArtsNEDRES—National Environmental Data Referral ServiceNEDT—Noise Equivalent Delta TemperatureNEH—National Endowment for the HumanitiesNEPRF—Naval Environmental Prediction Research FacilityNESDIS—National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NOAA)netCDF—Network Common Data Form (UNIDATA)NETWX—NETwork WeatherNEXRAD—NEXt generation RADarNFRE—Net Flux Radiometer ExperimentNFS—Network File SystemNGDC—National Geophysical Data CenterNGM—Nested Grid Model (NCEP)NGS—National Geodetic SurveyNHC—National Hurricane Center (1996 colocated with TPC; NWS Center)NIC—National Ice CenterNIC—Network Interface CardNIDS—NEXRAD Information Dissemination ServiceNIDS—NEXRAD Information Display SystemNIH—National Institute of HealthNII—National Information InfrastructureNIMH—National Institute of Mental HealthNIMS—Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (Galileo)NIST—National Institute for Standards and TechnologyNLDN—National Lightning Detection NetworkNLS—Network Library Systemnm—usually, nautical miles (unless specified as nanometers)NMC—National Meteorological Center (old. NCEP, 1996; NWS Center)NML—National Media LabNOAA—National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNOAAport—satellite broadcast service that provides access to NOAA data and productsNOAASIS—NOAA Satellite Information SystemNOAO—National Optical Astronomy ObservatoriesNOARL—Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research LaboratoryNODC—National Oceanic Data CenterNOGAPS—Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction SystemNOMHICE—Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Intercomparison Experiment (IGAC)NOO—Naval Oceanographic OfficeNORDA—Naval Ocean Research and Development ActivityNORPEX—North Pacific ExperimentNOS—Network Operating SystemNPOESS—National Polar Orbiter Environmental Satellite SystemNPR—National Public RadioNPS—Numerical Products ServiceNRAO—National Radio Astronomy ObservatoryNRC—National Research CouncilNRL—Naval Research LaboratoryN-ROSS—Navy-Remote Ocean Sensing SystemNSA—National Security AgencyNSCAT—NASA wind SCATterometerNSF—National Science Foundation

NSFnet—NSF networkNSIDC—National Snow and Ice Data CenterNSSDC—National Space Science Data CenterNSSFC—National Severe Storms Forecast Center (old. 1996 AWC)NSSL—National Severe Storms Laboratory (NWS Center)NTIS—National Technical Information Service (DOC)NTSB—National Transportation Safety BoardNTSC—National Television Standards CommitteeNWP—Numerical Weather PredictionNWS—National Weather Service (NOAA)NWSFO—NWS Forecast OfficeOAO—Orbiting Astronomical ObservatoryOACT—Office of Advanced Concepts and Technology (NASA/HEAB)OAR—Office of Atmospheric Research (NOAA)OCEANIC—OCEAn Network Information CenterOCLC—On-line Computer Library CenterODT—Objective Dvorak TechniqueOGP—Office of Global ProgramsOIES—Office for Interdisciplinary Earth Studies (UCAR)OIT—Office of Information TechnologyOLS—Optical Line ScannerOM—Operational MeasurementOMB—Office of Management and BudgetONR—Office of Naval ResearchOPSAT—OPerational SATelliteORA—Office of Research & ApplicationsORNL—Oak Ridge National LabOS/2—Operating System, Version 2OSO—Orbiting Solar ObservatoryOSS—Office of Space Science (NASA)OSSE—Office of Space Science Education (SSEC)OSTP—Office of Science and Technology Policy (U.S.)OSU—Oklahoma State UniversityOWL—On-line Weather LooperPAAP—Planetary Astronomy & Atmospheres ProgramsPAC—Processor Augmentation CardPAGES—Past Global ChanGESPas—PascalPATHFINDER—Probing ATmospHeric/AsTropHysical Flows in an INtegrated and DistributedEnviRonmentPBS—Public Broadcasting ServicePbSt—Lead StearatePC-McIDAS—Personal Computer-based McIDASPDRC—Professional Development and Recognition Committee (UW-Madison)PDUS—Primary Data Utilization SitePE—Processor ElementPEOPLE—Pre-college Enrichment Opportunity Program for Learning Excellence (UW-Madison)Perl—Practical extraction and report languagePGU—Plant Growth UnitPh.D.—Doctor of PhilosophyPHIGS—Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics SystemPHOXA—PHotochemical OXidant and Acid deposition (Europe)PI—Principal InvestigatorPIFTS—Planetary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer

PLDS—Pilot Land Data SystemPM—Program ManagerPMT—PhotoMultiplier TubePOCC—Payload Operations Control Center (NASA)POES—Polar Operational Environmental SatellitePOP—Post Office ProtocolPORSEC—Pacific Ocean Remote Sensing ConferencePOSIX—Portable Operating System Interface-UNIXPPI scan—Plan Position Indicator (lidar)ppm—part per millionPPP—Point to Point ProtocolPPS—Public Products Service (NWS)P.R.—Public RelationsPRC—People’s Republic of ChinaPRC, Inc.—Planning Research CorporationPROFS—Program for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services (NOAA/ERL/FSL)PROM—Programmable Read-Only MemoryPS/2—Personal System/2PSL—Physical Sciences LabPV—PhotoVoltaicPWV—Precipitable Water VaporQC—Quality ControlRADM—Regional Acid Deposition ModelRAID—Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive DisksRAM—Random Access MemoryRAMS—Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CSU)RAOB—RAdiosonde OBservationRASS—Radar Altimeter Speedometer SounderRASS—Radio Acoustic Sounding SystemRESAC—Regional Earth Science Applications Center (NASA)RF—Radio FrequencyRFI—Radio Frequency InterferenceRFP—Request for ProposalsRGB—Red/Green/BlueRGL—ReGionaL forecast ModelRHI scan—Range-Height Indicator (lidar)RISC—Reduced Instruction Set ComputerRME—Relay Mirror Experimentrms or RMS—root mean squareRMSD—Root Mean Square DifferenceRMSE—Root Mean Square ErrorROM—Read-Only MemorySAA—South Atlantic AnomalySAB—Satellite Applications Branch (old. NESDIS)SAC—Scientific Advisory Council (of IGBP)SAFARI—Southern African Regional Science InitiativeSAFIRE—Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere using Far InfraRed EmissionSAG—Systems Administration GroupSAGE—center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (UW-Madison IES)SAGE—Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (EOS)SAIC—Science Applications International CorporationSAIDAS—Sistema de Adquisicion e Integracion de DAtos de Satelite (Satellite data integration and acquisition system,Spain)SAL—Space Astronomy Laboratory

SAM—Signal Analyzing MonitorSAO—Surface Aviation ObservationSAR—Synthetic Aperture RadarSAs—Stratospheric AerosolsSATEM—SAtellite TEMperatureSATOB—SATellite OBservationSBN—Satellite Broadcast Network (NOAA)SBRC—Santa Barbara Research CenterSBUV—Solar Backscatter UltraViolet radiometer (EOS)SCAR—Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research (ICSU)SCOPE—Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (ICSU)SCOR—Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (ICSU)SCUBA—Self-Contained Underwater Breathing ApparatusSDA—SSEC Display AdapterSDAB—Systems Design and Applications Branch (old. NESDIS)SDHS—Satellite Data Handling SystemSDI—SSEC Desktop IngestorSDM—Scientific Data Management (UNIDATA)SDS—Satellite Data ServicesSDSD—Satellite Data Services DivisionSEASAT—SEA SATelliteSEC—Space Environment Center (NWS Center)SECC—State Employees’ Combined CampaignSERON—South-Eastern Regional Oxidant Network (DOE, HIS)SEVIRI—Spinning Environmental Visible and InfraRed Instrument (Europe)SFY—State Fiscal YearSGI—Silicon Graphics IncorporatedSGML—Standard Generalized Markup LanguageSHARP—Summer High School Apprenticeship Research Program (NASA)SHEAL—Shuttle High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory (NASA, old)SHEBA—Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic OceanS-HIS—Scanning High resolution Interferometer SounderSI—International StandardSIGGRAPH—Special Interest Group on computer GRAPHicsSIRS—Satellite Infrared Radiation Spectrometer (1960s)SLIP—Serial Line Internet ProtocolSLP—Sea-Level PressureSMA—State Meteorological Agency (PRC)SMEX—SMall EXplorerSMMR—Scanning Multichannel Microwave RadiometerSMOKE—Satellite Monitoring of Oil Fires in Kuwait Expedition (Limaye)SMoKE—Satellite Measurements of Kuwait’s Effluent (Limaye)SMS—Synchronous Meteorological SatelliteSMTP—Simple Mail Transport Protocol (Internet)SN—Serial NumberSNR—Signal to Noise RatioSNR—Super Nova RemnantSO 2 —sulfur dioxideSOCC—Satellite Operations Control CenterSOHFI—Skin-layer Ocean Heat Flux InstrumentSOLSTICE—SOLar/STellar Irradiance interComparison ExperimentSONIC—SPAN: Ocean Network Information CenterSOP—Special Observing PeriodSOTER—SOil TERrain project

SPACE—Satellite Precipitation And Cloud ExperimentSPACE—Standards Performance Achievement & Curriculum Enhancement-WISESPAN—Space Physics Analysis Network (NASA)SPANDAR—SPace ANd range RaDARSPC—Storm Prediction Center (NSSL; NWS Center)SPECTRE—SPECTral Radiance Experiment (DOE)SPECTRUM—SPecial Experiment Concerning Typhoon Recurvature and Unusual MovementSPF—South Polar Feature (Neptune)SPIE—Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation EngineersSPIU—Sensor Processor Interface UnitSPOC—Shuttle Payload of Opportunity CarrierSPOT—Systeme Probatoire d’Observation de la Terre satelliteSRI—Stanford Research InstituteSSA—Social Security AdministrationSSC—Suspended Sediment ConcentrationSSDC—Space Science Data CenterSSEC—Space Science and Engineering CenterSSF—Specialized Service Facility (UW)SSI—Space Studies InstituteSS/L—Space Systems/Loral, Inc. (formerly Ford Aerospace Corporation)SSM/I—Special Sensor Microwave/ImagerSSM/T—Special Sensor Microwave/TemperatureSST—Sea Surface TemperatureSSU—Stratospheric Sounding Unit (TOVS)ST—Space TelescopeSTART—SysTem for Analysis, Research and Training (IGBP)STD—Salinity-Temperature-DepthSTEP—Satellite Technology Education Program (WSGC)STIB—Stratosphere-Troposphere Interactions and the BiosphereSTIKSCAT—STIcK SCATterometerSTORM—Stormscale Operational and Research MeteorologySTORM-FEST—STORM-Fronts Experiment Systems TestSTS—Space Transportation SystemSTScI—Space Telescope Science InstituteSTUC—Space Telescope User’s CommitteeSUCCESS—SUbsonic aircraft: Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study (NASA/Ames)SUNY—State University of New YorkSURE— Summer Undergraduate Research ExperienceSVAT—Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere TransferSW—Short WaveSWAMP—Science Working Group for the AM Platform (EOS)SWIRLS—Stratospheric Wind InfraRed Limb SounderSYNOP—SYNoptic OPerationSynop—synoptic (surface) observationSYSOP—SYStem OPeratorTASC—The Analytic Sciences CorporationTb—TerabytesTBD—To Be DeterminedTC—Technical ComputingTCIPO—TOGA COARE International Project OfficeTCM—Tropical Cyclone MotionTCP—Transmission Control ProtocolTCP/IP—Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTDRSS—Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System

TES—Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (EOS)TESAC—TEmperature-SAlinity-CurrentsTIP—TIROS Information Processor (POES)TIROS—Television InfraRed Observation SatelliteTLA—Three-Letter AcronymTMR—TOPEX Microwave Radiometer (EOS)TN—Technical NoteTOGA—Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere (WCRP)TOMS—Total Ozone Mapping SpectrometerTOPEX—TOPographic EXperimentTOS—TIROS Operational SatelliteTOVS—TIROS Operational Vertical SounderTPC—Tropical Prediction Center (incl. NHC; NWS Center)TPW—Total Precipitable WaterTRAGEX—TRAce Gas EXchange: Mid-latitude terrestrial ecosystems & atmosphere (IGAC)TRMM—Tropical Rainfall Measuring MissionTSR—Terminate and Stay Resident programTSR—Thermal and Solar RadiometerTWERLE—Tropical Wind, Energy conversion and Reference Level ExperimentUA—Upper Air observationUARS—Upper Atmosphere Research SatelliteUART—Universal Asynchronous Receiver TransmitterUAV—Unmanned Aerospace VehicleUCAR—University Corporation for Atmospheric Researchudres—Unidata resource library (not cap.)UFO—Unidentified Flying ObjectUHF—Ultra High FrequencyUI—University of IllinoisUIR—University/Industry Research (UW-Madison))UIUC—University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUK—United KingdomULTRIX—Berkeley UNIX 4.2 (DEC)UN—United NationsUNAVCO—University NAVstar COnsortiumUNCED—UN Conference on Environment and DevelopmentUNEP—United Nations Environment ProgramUNESCO—United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUnESS—University-class Earth System Science (NASA)UNIX—not an acronym, a play on MULTIX (TM, AT&T)UPC—Unidata Program CenterUPI—United Press InternationalUPS—Uninterruptible Power SupplyURL—Universal Resource Locator (Internet)USAF—United States Air ForceUSAKA—United States Army Kwajalein AtollUSDA—U.S. Department of AgricultureUSGS—U.S. Geological SurveyUSPS—U.S. Postal ServiceUSRA—Universities Space Research AssociationUSSR—Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (up to September 1991)USSR—Union of Sovereign Socialist Republics (after September 1991)UTC—Universal Coordinated Time (replaces GMT)UTH—Upper Tropospheric relative HumidityUV—UltraViolet

V—VoltsVAB—Vehicle Assembly Building (KSC)VAC—Volts Alternating CurrentVAFB—Vandenberg Air Force BaseVAS—VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (launch, 9-9-80)VAX—Virtual Address eXtensionVCP—Venus Composition ProbeVCR—Video Cassette RecorderVDT—Video Display TerminalVDUC—VAS Data Utilization CenterVEEGA—Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist (Galileo)VGA—Video Graphics Array (IBM)VHF—Very High FrequencyVIL—Volume Imaging LidarVIPS—VDUC Interactive Processing SystemVis5D—Visualization of Five-Dimensional dataVisAD—Visualization for Algorithm DevelopmentVISIT—Virtual Institute for Satellite Integration Training (NWS)VISSR—Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan RadiometerVLBI—Very Long Baseline InterferometryVLF—Very Low FrequencyVM—Virtual MachineVMS—Virtual Memory SystemsVOC—Volatile Organic CompoundVOCAR—Variation of Coastal Atmospheric Refractivity (Navy)VORTEX—Verification Of Tornadoes EXperimentVRML—Virtual Reality Modeling LanguageVROOM—Virtual Reality ROOM (SIGGRAPH)VTPR—Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer (ITOS)VTR—VideoTape RecorderWARF—Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationWCP—World Climate ProgrammeWCRP—World Climate Research Program (WMO/ICSU)WCSAR—Wisconsin Center for Space Automation & Robotics (UW-MSN, Coll.Eng.)WF-ABBA—WildFire ABBAWFF—Wallops Flight Facility (NASA)WFO—Weather Forecast Office (NWS)WFPC—Wide Field and Planetary Camera (HST)WG—Working GroupWHOI—Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWIMO—WMO International Meteorological OrganizationWINCE—WINter Cloud ExperimentWindii—Wind Doppler Imaging Interferometer (UARS)WISC-T2000—Wisconsin Snow Ice-Terra 2000WISE—Wisconsin Initiative for Space Education WISP—Wide-field Imaging Survey Polarimeter (SAL)WISP—Winter Icing and Storms ProjectWIYN—Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO consortiumw/m2—watt per meter squaredWME—Wisconsin Model EngineWMO—World Meteorological Organization (UN)WOCE—World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WCRP)WPOP—Winds Product Oversight Panel (NESDIS)WPR—Wisconsin Public RadioWPS—Wisconsin Physicians Service

WRF—Weather Research Forecast modelWSGC—Wisconsin Space Grant ConsortiumWSI—Weather Services InternationalWSMC—Western Space and Missile CenterWUPPE—Wisconsin Ultraviolet PhotoPolarimeter ExperimentWVIOP—Water Vapor Intensive Observing PeriodWWII—World War IIWWW—WIDE WORD Workstation (TM, DataRam)WWW—World Weather WatchWWW—World Wide WebWXP—Weather Processor (Unidata/Purdue University)XBSS—X-ray Background Survey SpectrometerXBT—eXpendable BathyThermographXGKS—X-window Graphics Kernel System (Unidata)XIE—X-ray Imaging ExperimentXRAP—X-windows Radar Analysis ProcessingX-Term—X-windows TerminalYnot—software from MacDonald Dettwiler (Unidata)Y2K—Year 2000

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ANSI ASC X12N - Acronym Dictionary

AAAMVAAmerican Association of Motor Vehicle AdministratorAAPROAmerican Association Of Preferred Provider OrganizationsABIAutomated Broker InterfaceACERAnnual Contractor Evaluation ReportACHAutomated Clearing HouseACORDAgency-Company Organization for Research and DevelopmentACPEAmerican Council on Pharmaceutical EducationACPSAdvanced Claims Processing SystemACRAmerican College of RadiologyACR/NEMAACR/National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationACSAmerican College of SurgeonsADAAmerican Dental AssociationADMDAdministration Management DomainADPAutomated Data ProcessingADRAlternate Dispute ResolutionAEVCSAutomated Eligibility Verification Claims SubmissionAFEHCTAssociation for Electronic Health Care TransactionsAFTAutomated Funds TransferAGPAAmerican Group Practice AssociationAGPAMAmerican Guild of Patient Account ManagersAHAAmerican Hospital AssociationAHCPRAgency for Health Care Policy and ResearchAHIMAAmerican Health Information Management AssociationAHPAccountable Health Plan

AIAGAutomobile Industry Action GroupAIPSOAuto Insurance Plans Service OfficeAISOAuto Insurance Services GroupAMAAmerican Medical AssociationAMCRAssociation for Managed Care ReviewAMCRAAmerican Managed Care and Review AssociationAMPAutomated Medical PaymentAMRAAmerican Medical Records AssociationANAArticle Numbering AssociationANSIAmerican National Standards InstituteAOAAmerican Osteopathic AssociationAPGAmbulatory Patient GroupsAPIApplications Program InterfaceARPAAdvanced Research Projects AgencyARUAudio Response UnitASAPAmerican Society for Automation in Pharmacy also, AnalyticSystems Automated PurchasingASCAccredited Standards Committees also, Ambulatory SurgicalCenterASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information InterchangeASHMMAmerican Society for Hospital Materials Managers

ASNAdvanced Shipment NoticeASTMAmerican Society of Testing MaterialsATAAirline Transportation AssociationATGAlignment Task GroupATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode also, Automated Teller Machine

B

BCBSABlue Cross and Blue Shield AssociationBPSBits Per SecondBRMABrokers and Reinsurance Markets AssociationBSCBinary Synchronous CommunicationsBSRBoard of Standards Review also, Basic Semantic Repository

CCALSComputer Aided Acquisition and Logistics SystemCAPACertified Aftermarket Parts AssociationCATCatastrophic ClaimsCBCPCommon Business Communications ProtocolIQCDCash Concentration and DisbursementCCITTConsultative Committee for International Telegraph andTelephoneCESClearinghouse Enforceability ServicesCFRCode of Federal RegulationsCHANDUSCivilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed ServicesCHAPSClearing House Automated Payments SystemCHIPSClearing House Interbank Payments SystemCHMISCommunity Health Management Information SystemsCHINCommunity Health Information NetworkCHIPASCommunity Health Purchasing AllianceCHNCooperative Healthcare NetworksCIAOConstruction Industry Action GroupCIDXChemical Industry Data ExchangeCIECACollision Industry Electronic Commerce AssociationCII

Center for Informatization of IndustryCISGConvention on the International Sale of GoodsCIUClaims Investigative UnitCLASSClaims Acquisition and Submission SystemCLIAClinical Laboratory Improvement AmendmentCMACash Management AssociationCMPComprehensive Medical PlansCOBCoordination of BenefitsCOSCorporation for Open SystemsCPACanadian Payments Association also Canadian Petroleum Association

CPRComputer-based Patient Record also, Comparative PerformanceReportsCPRIComputer-based Patient Records Institute, Inc.CPSCharacters Per SecondCPTCurrent Procedural TerminologyCQASCarrier Quality Assurance SystemCRChange RequestCRSCommercially Reasonable SecurityCSACanadian Standards AssociationCSICustomer Satisfaction IndexCTPCorporate Trade PaymentCTXCorporate Trade ExchangeCUIGCredit Union Interchange GroupCVCode ValueCWFCommon Working FileDCNDocument Control NumberDDTData Device IntegrationDEData Element

DEADrug Enforcement AgencyDESData Encryption standardDEX/UCSDirect Exchange UCSDFIDepository Financial InstitutionDISAData Interchange Standards Association, Inc.DISHData Interchange for ShippingDLTGDelegate Liaison Task GroupDMData MaintenanceDIWERCDurable Medical Equipment Regional CarriersDMTFDesktop Management Task ForceDMVDepartment of Motor VehiclesDOBDate of BirthDODDepartment of DefenseDOEDirect Order EntryDRPDistribution Requirements Planning also, Direct Repair ProgramDSDDirect Store DeliveryDSTUDraft Standard for Trial UseDTTUDraft Transaction for Trial UseDURDrug Use/Utilization ReviewsDVRData Validation Reviews

EEACHEssential Access Community HospitalEBCDICExtended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange CodeECElectronic Commerce also, European CommunityECEEconomic Commission of Europe

ECFExtended Care FacilityECREfficient Consumer ResponseEDCDUN/EDIFACT Composite Data Elements DirectoryEDCLUN/EDIFACT Code ListsEDEDUN/EDIFACT Data Elements DirectoryEDIElectronic Data InterchangeEDIAElectronic Data Interchange AssociationEDICAElectronic Data Interchange Council of AustraliaEDEPACTElectronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and TransportationEDIFICEElectronic Data Interchange Forum for Companies Interested in Computing and ElectronicsEDIMElectronic Data Interchange MessageEDIXElectronics Industry Data ExchangeEDMElectronic Document ManagementEDMDUN/EDIFACT Standard Message Types DirectoryEDSDUN/EDIFACT Standard Data Segments DirectoryEDPAFElectronic Data Processing Auditors FoundationEDSElectronic Data SystemsEDXElectronic Data ExchangeEECEuropean Economic CommunityEFTElectronic Funds TransferEHNACElectronic Healthcare Network Accreditation CommissionEIAJElectronic Industry Association of JapanEIDXElectronic Industry Data ExchangeEINEmployer Identification NumberEISExecutive Information SystemEMailElectronic MailEMCElectronic Media Claims

EOBExplanation of BenefitsEOQEconomic Order QuantityEPAEnvironmental Protection AgencyEPPEDEFACT Project ProposalEPSDTEarly Periodic Screening Diagnostic TestingERAElectronic Remittance AdviseERISAEmployee Retirement Security Income ActERMElectronic Record ManagementERSEvaluated Receipts SettlementESDEEnvironmental Safety Data ExchangeESGEDIFACT Steering GroupESRDEnd Stage Renal Dialysis

FFAFunctional AcknowledgmentFACPFinal Administrative Cost ProposalFAHSFederation of American Health SystemFARsFederal Acquisition RegulationsFASBFinancial Accounting Standards BoardFCPAForeign Corrupt Practices ActFDDIFiber Distribution Data InterfaceFDOFree Determining OfficialFPSFederal Information Processing StandardFMCFederal Maritime CommissionFNForward NotificationFOIAFreedom of Information Act

FQHCFederally Qualified Health CenterFTAMFile Transfer, Access and ManagementFTPFile Transfer ProtocolFTSFederal Telecommunications System

GGAAPGenerally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesGAASGenerally Accepted Auditing StandardsGAOGeneral Accounting OfficeGHAAGroup Health Association of AmericaGOSIPGovernment Open Systems Interconnection ProfileGSAGeneral Services AdministrationGUSGeographic Underwriting System

HHCADHealth Care AdministratorsHCFAHealth Care Financing AdministrationHCINHealthcare Information NetworkHCPCSHCFA Common Procedure Coding SystemHCPRHealth Care Provider RecordsHCRISHospital Cost Report Information SystemHCUP-3Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, 1988 - 1994HDCHCFA Data CenterHEDICHealth Electronic Data Interchange CorporationHEDISHealth Plan and Employer Data and Information SetHEDITPHealthcare Electronic Data Interchange Trading Partner

HFMAHealthcare Financial Management AssociationHHSDepartment of Health and Human ServicesHIAAHealth Insurance Association of AmericaHIBCCHealth Industry Business Communications CouncilHIDAHealth Industry Distributors AssociationHIEHealth Insurance EnrollmentHIMAHealth Industry Manufacturers AssociationHIMRHealth Insurance Master RecordHIMSSHealth Information and Management Systems SocietyHINHealth Industry NumberHIPCHealth Insurance Purchasing CooperativeHISHospital Information SystemHISPPHealth Informatics System Planning PanelHL7Health Level 7HMOHealth Maintenance OrganizationHPSAHealthcare Professional Shortage Area

IIAInterchange AgreementIAGIndustry Action GroupIAIABCInternational Association of Industrial Accident Boards andCommissionsIATAInternational Airline Transport AssociationICCinternational Chamber of CommerceICD-9International Classification of Diseases, 9th RevisionICEDIndex of Co-Existent DiseaseICF

Intermediate Care FacilityICNInternal Control NumberICOPSIndustry Committee for Office Products StandardIDEAInternational Data Exchange AssociationIDMAInsurance Data Management AssociationIECInternational Electrotechnical CommitteeIEDIInternational Electronic Data InterchangeIEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersIESInter-Enterprise System Clearing HouseIETFInternet Engineering Task ForceIFTMInternational Forwarding and Transport FrameworkIGPIndividual Group PracticeIHCEBIInteractive Health Care Eligibility Benefits InquiryIHCEBRInteractive Health Care Eligibility Benefits ResponseIIIInsurance Information InstituteIMGInternational Medical GraduatesINSInternational Network ServicesIPInternet ProtocolIPMSInterpersonal Messaging ServicesIPTInternational Project TeamIRCInternational Record Carrier

ISDNIntegrated Services Digital NetworkISOInternational Standards OrganizationISSBInformation Systems Standards BoardISVIndependent Software VendorsITSInter-Plan Teleprocessing SystemIVInitialization VectorIVANS

Insurance Value Added Network ServiceIXRDAIndependent X-Ray Dealers Association

JJADJoint Application DevelopmentJCAHOJoint Commission on the Accreditation of Health OrganizationsJEDIJoint Electronic Data InterchangeJITJust In TimeJRTJoint Rapporteur TeamJTC IJoint Technical Committee IJTCIEDIJoint Technical Committee for EDI

K

LLANLocal Area NetworkLATALocal Area and Transport AreaLIMNETLondon Insurance Market NetworkLIMRALife Insurance Marketing and Research AssociationLOILetter of IntentLRCLongitudinal Redundancy Check

MMAAC

Maximum Allowable Actual ChargeMACMessage Authentication Code also, Maximum Allowable CostMAFMedical Assisted FacilityMBAMortgage Bankers AssociationMCOManaged Care OrganizationMDDMaximum Daily DoseMDGMessage Design Guidelines GroupMDNManaged Data NetworksMEWAMultiple Employer Welfare ArrangementsMGMAMedical Group Management AssociationMHSMessage Handling SystemMMISMaterials Management Information SystemMNPMicrocom Network ProtocolMOMAMessage-Oriented Middleware AssociationMOUMemo of UnderstandingMPIMedicare Provider IdentifierMPIESMedicare Physician Identification and Eligibility SystemMSMessage StoresMSDSMaterials Safety Data Sheets also, Message StandardsDevelopment SubcommitteeMTAMessage Transfer AgentMTSMedicare Transaction System

NNABPNational Association of Boards of PharmacyNACHANational Automated Clearing House AssociationNACMNational Association of Credit Managers

NAEBNorth American EDIFACT BoardNAGSNational Auto Glass Specifications, Inc,NAHDONational Association of Health Data OrganizationsNAICNational Association of Insurance CommissionersNAIINational Association of Independent insurersNAKNegative AcknowledgementNAMESNational Association of Medical Equipment SuppliersNAAGCNational Association of Mutual Insurance CompaniesNARANational Archives and Records AdministrationNATBNational Auto Theft, Bureau (now called NICB)NBSNational Bureau of StandardsNCCINational Council of Compensation InsuranceNCHSNational Center for Health StatisticsNCOILNational Conference of Insurance Log4latorsNCPNetwork Control ProgramNCPDPNational Council for Prescription Drug ProgramsNCQANational Committee for Quality AssuranceNCSLNational Computer Standards LaboratoryNCVHSNational Committee for Vital & Health StatisticsNDMNetwork Data MoverNEICNational Electronic Information CorporationNEX/UCSNetwork Exchange UCSNHCAANational Health Care Anti-Fraud AssociationNICBNational Insurance Crime BureauNISTNational Institute for Standards of TechnologyOCTOBER 1997 29NMRNew Message RequestNMVTIS

National Motor Vehicle Title Information SystemNNNegative NotificationNOPANational Office Products AssociationNPFNational Provider FileNPINational Provider IdentifierNSANational Security AgencyNSCNational Supplier ClearinghouseNSFNational Standard FormatNTFHRNational Task Force on Healthcare ReformNUBCNational Uniform Billing CommitteeNWCNational Workers Compensation Reinsurance PoolNWDANational Wholesale Druggists Association

OO&POrganization and ProceduresOBRAOmnibus Budger Reconciliation ActOCEOpen Collaborative EnvironmentOCHAMPUSOffice of Civilian Health and Medical Program of the UniformedServicesOCROptical Character RecognitionODETTEOrganization for Data Exchange Through TeletransmissionOFTPODETTE File Transfer ProtocolOIGOffice of Inspector GeneralOLTPOn-Line Transaction ProcessingOMOutcome MeasurementOMBOffice of Management and BudgetOMCOffice of Managed Care

OMGObject Management GroupOPMOrganization and Procedure ManualOPOPOffice of Provider Operations and ProceduresOSCAROnline Survey and Certification and Reporting SystemOSIOpen Systems InterconnectionOTPOriginating Trading PartnerP&CProperty and CasualtyPADPacket Assembler/DissemblerPAEBPan American EDIFACT BoardPBMPharmacy Benefit ManagersPCSProperty Claims ServicesPDAUPhysical Delivery Access UnitPEBProvider Electronic BillingPediProtocol for EDIPIDXPetroleum Industry Data ExchangePINPersonal Identification NumberPIPPersonal Injury Protection also, Periodic Interim PaymentPMAPharmaceutical Manufacturers AssociationPMSPractice Management SystemPNPositive NotificationPOSPoint of Sale also, Point of ServicePPProject ProposalPPOPreferred Provider OrganizationPPSNPublic Packet Switched NetworkPRBProcedures Review BoardPS&RProvider Statistics and Reporting SystemPSTNPublic Switched Telephone Network

PTTPost Telephone Telegraph Administration

QQAPQuality Assurance ProgramQRQuick Response

RRARemittance AdviceRAAReinsurance Association of AmericaRBRVSResource Based Relative Value ScaleRDESRegional Data Exchange SystemRHHIRegional Home Health IntermediaryRIMSReconsideration Information SystemRINETReinsurance and Insurance NetworkROMRegional Office Manual also, Read-Only MemoryRPCHRural Primary Care HospitalRRCRural Referral CenterRTRapporteur's Advisory and Support TeamRTPReceiving Trading PartnerRUGResource Utilization Group

SSCC-JTC/EDIStandards Council of Canada Joint Technical Committee on EDISCMShipping Container Marking

SDGSyntax Development GroupSDLCSynchronous Data Link CommunicationSDOStandards Developing OrganizationSDSSwitched Digital Service.SITASysteme Internationale Transport AeronautiqueSIUSpecial Investigative UnitSLAService Level AgreementSMAState Medicaid AgenciesSMDSSwitched Multimegabit Data ServicesSNASystem Network ArchitectureSNISNA Network InterconnectSNADSSystem Network Architecture Distribution ServiceSNWSimple Network Management ProtocolSONETSynchronous Optical NetworkSPBASociety of Professional Benefit AdministratorsSPINStandard Prescriber Identification NumberSPTGSpecial Task GroupSPWGSpecial Work GroupSSNSocial Security NumberSWIFTSociety for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications

TT3POSTransaction Processing Protocol for Point of SaleTATechnical AssessmentTAGTechnical Advisory Group also, Technical Assessment GroupsTCIFTelecommunication Industry Forum

TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol Internet ProtocolTCP/IP FTPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - File TransferProtocolTCSTrusted Computer SystemTDCCTransportation Data Coordinating CommitteeTDFTransborder Data FlowTDITrade Data Interchange Also, Trading Data InterchangeTDI-APTrade Data Interchange - Applications ProtocolTEDISTrade Electronic Data Interchange SystemsTGTask GroupTICD UN/Draft Interactive Composite Data Elements Directory forUN/EDIFACTTIMD UN/Draft Interactive Messages Directory for UN/EDIFACTTINTax Identification NumberTPTrading PartnerTPAThird Party Administrators also, Trading Partner AgreementTPSPThird Party Service ProviderTRTechnical ReportTRACSTrauma Registry of the American College of SurgeonsTDEDUN/EDIFACT Trade Data Element DirectoryTSTransaction SetTSTSTransaction Switching and Transport Service

UUAUser AgentUCCUniform Code CouncilUCFTFUniform Claim Form Task Force

UCRUsual, Customary, and ReasonableUCSUniform Communications StandardUN/ECEUnited Nations Economic Commission for EuropeUN/EDIFACTUnited Nations Electronic Data Interchange for Administration,Commerce, and TradeUN/GTDIUN/EDIFACT Guidelines for Trade Data InterchangeUN/ISOUnited Nations International Standards OrganizationUNCIDUniform Rules of Conduct for Interchange of Trade Data by TeletransmissionUNIDUnique National IdentifierUNJEDIUnited Nations Joint Electronic Data InterchangeUNSIMUNEFACT Standard Interactive MessageUNSMUnited Nations Standard MessageUNTDEDUnited Nations Trade Data Elements DirectoryUNTDIDUnited Nations Trade Data Interchange DirectoryUPCUniform Product CodeUPINUnique Physician Identification NumberUPCUniform Product CodeUPSUninterruptable Power SupplyURACUtilization Review Accreditation CommissionUROUtilization Review OrganizationUSNCUnited States National Committee

VVABValue Added BankVADValue Added DistributorVANValue Added NetworkVAR

Value Added ResellerVICSVoluntary Industry Communications StandardVIVMVendor Independent Messaging Interface

WWWWWorld Wide WebWEDIWork Group for Electronic Data InterchangeWGWork GroupWNSWarehouse Information Network Standard

XX12CCommunications and ControlsX12EProduct DataX12FFinanceX12GGovernmentX12HMaterials ManagementX12ITransportationX12JTechnical AssessmentX12KPurchasingX12LIndustry Standards TransitionX12MDistribution and WarehousingX12NInsurance

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Acronym Dictionary - www.wpc-edi.comAAAHAMAmerican Association of Healthcare Administrative ManagementAAMVAAmerican Association of Motor Vehicle AdministratorAAPROAmerican Association Of Preferred Provider OrganizationsABIAutomated Broker InterfaceACERAnnual Contractor Evaluation ReportACHAutomated Clearing HouseACORDAgency-Company Organization for Research and DevelopmentACPEAmerican Council on Pharmaceutical EducationACPSAdvanced Claims Processing SystemACRAmerican College of RadiologyACR/NEMAACR/National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationACSAmerican College of SurgeonsADAAmerican Dental AssociationADMDAdministration Management DomainADPAutomated Data ProcessingADRAlternate Dispute ResolutionAEVCSAutomated Eligibility Verification Claims SubmissionAFEHCTAssociation for Electronic Health Care TransactionsAFTAutomated Funds TransferAGPAAmerican Group Practice AssociationAGPAMAmerican Guild of Patient Account ManagersAHAAmerican Hospital AssociationAHCPRAgency for Health Care Policy and ResearchAHIMAAmerican Health Information Management AssociationAHPAccountable Health PlanAIAG

Automobile Industry Action GroupAIPSOAuto Insurance Plans Service OfficeAISOAuto Insurance Services GroupAMAAmerican Medical AssociationAMCRAssociation for Managed Care ReviewAMCRAAmerican Managed Care and Review AssociationAMPAutomated Medical PaymentAMRAAmerican Medical Records AssociationANAArticle Numbering AssociationANSIAmerican National Standards InstituteAOAAmerican Osteopathic AssociationAPGAmbulatory Patient GroupsAPIApplications Program InterfaceARPAAdvanced Research Projects AgencyARUAudio Response UnitASAPAmerican Society for Automation in Pharmacy also, Analytic Systems Automated PurchasingASCAccredited Standards Committees also, Ambulatory Surgical CenterASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information InterchangeASHMMAmerican Society for Hospital Materials ManagersASNAdvanced Shipment NoticeASTMAmerican Society of Testing MaterialsATAAirline Transportation AssociationATGAlignment Task GroupATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode also, Automated Teller Machine

BBCBSABlue Cross and Blue Shield AssociationBPSBits Per SecondBRMA

Brokers and Reinsurance Markets AssociationBSCBinary Synchronous CommunicationsBSRBoard of Standards Review also, Basic Semantic Repository

CCALSComputer Aided Acquisition and Logistics SystemCAPACertified Aftermarket Parts AssociationCATCatastrophic ClaimsCBCPCommon Business Communications ProtocolIQCDCash Concentration and DisbursementCCITTConsultative Committee for International Telegraph and TelephoneCESClearinghouse Enforceability ServicesCFRCode of Federal RegulationsCHANDUSCivilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed ServicesCHAPSClearing House Automated Payments SystemCHIPSClearing House Interbank Payments SystemCHMISCommunity Health Management Information SystemsCHINCommunity Health Information NetworkCHIPASCommunity Health Purchasing AllianceCHNCooperative Healthcare NetworksCIAOConstruction Industry Action GroupCIDXChemical Industry Data ExchangeCIECACollision Industry Electronic Commerce AssociationCIICenter for Informatization of IndustryCISGConvention on the International Sale of GoodsCIUClaims Investigative UnitCLASSClaims Acquisition and Submission SystemCLIAClinical Laboratory Improvement AmendmentCMA

Cash Management AssociationCMPComprehensive Medical PlansCOBCoordination of BenefitsCOSCorporation for Open SystemsCPACanadian Payments Association also Canadian Petroleum AssociationCPRComputer-based Patient Record also, Comparative Performance ReportsCPRIComputer-based Patient Records Institute, Inc.CPSCharacters Per SecondCPTCurrent Procedural TerminologyCQASCarrier Quality Assurance SystemCRChange RequestCRSCommercially Reasonable SecurityCSACanadian Standards AssociationCSICustomer Satisfaction IndexCTPCorporate Trade PaymentCTXCorporate Trade ExchangeCUIGCredit Union Interchange GroupCVCode ValueCWFCommon Working File

DDCNDocument Control NumberDDTData Device IntegrationDEData ElementDEADrug Enforcement AgencyDESData Encryption standardDEX/UCSDirect Exchange UCSDFIDepository Financial InstitutionDISA

Data Interchange Standards Association, Inc.DISHData Interchange for ShippingDLTGDelegate Liaison Task GroupDMData MaintenanceDIWERCDurable Medical Equipment Regional CarriersDMTFDesktop Management Task ForceDMVDepartment of Motor VehiclesDOBDate of BirthDODDepartment of DefenseDOEDirect Order EntryDRPDistribution Requirements Planning also, Direct Repair ProgramDSDDirect Store DeliveryDSTUDraft Standard for Trial UseDTTUDraft Transaction for Trial UseDURDrug Use/Utilization ReviewsDVRData Validation Reviews

EEACHEssential Access Community HospitalEBCDICExtended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange CodeECElectronic Commerce also, European CommunityECEEconomic Commission of EuropeECFExtended Care FacilityECREfficient Consumer ResponseEDCDUN/EDIFACT Composite Data Elements DirectoryEDCLUN/EDIFACT Code ListsEDEDUN/EDIFACT Data Elements DirectoryEDIElectronic Data InterchangeEDIA

Electronic Data Interchange AssociationEDICAElectronic Data Interchange Council of AustraliaEDEPACTElectronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and TransportationEDIFICEElectronic Data Interchange Forum for Companies Interested in Computing andElectronicsEDIMElectronic Data Interchange MessageEDIXElectronics Industry Data ExchangeEDMElectronic Document ManagementEDMDUN/EDIFACT Standard Message Types DirectoryEDSDUN/EDIFACT Standard Data Segments DirectoryEDPAFElectronic Data Processing Auditors FoundationEDSElectronic Data SystemsEDXElectronic Data ExchangeEECEuropean Economic CommunityEFTElectronic Funds TransferEHNACElectronic Healthcare Network Accreditation CommissionEIAJElectronic Industry Association of JapanEIDXElectronic Industry Data ExchangeEINEmployer Identification NumberEISExecutive Information SystemEMailElectronic MailEMCElectronic Media ClaimsEOBExplanation of BenefitsEOQEconomic Order QuantityEPAEnvironmental Protection AgencyEPPEDEFACT Project ProposalEPSDTEarly Periodic Screening Diagnostic TestingERAElectronic Remittance Advise

ERISAEmployee Retirement Security Income ActERMElectronic Record ManagementERSEvaluated Receipts SettlementESDEEnvironmental Safety Data ExchangeESGEDIFACT Steering GroupESRD

End Stage Renal Dialysis

FFAFunctional AcknowledgmentFACPFinal Administrative Cost ProposalFAHSFederation of American Health SystemFARsFederal Acquisition RegulationsFASBFinancial Accounting Standards BoardFCPAForeign Corrupt Practices ActFDDIFiber Distribution Data InterfaceFDOFree Determining OfficialFPSFederal Information Processing StandardFMCFederal Maritime CommissionFNForward NotificationFOIAFreedom of Information ActFQHCFederally Qualified Health CenterFTAMFile Transfer, Access and ManagementFTPFile Transfer ProtocolFTSFederal Telecommunications System

GGAAPGenerally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesGAASGenerally Accepted Auditing StandardsGAO

General Accounting OfficeGHAAGroup Health Association of AmericaGOSIPGovernment Open Systems Interconnection ProfileGSAGeneral Services AdministrationGUSGeographic Underwriting System

HHCADHealth Care AdministratorsHCFAHealth Care Financing AdministrationHCINHealthcare Information NetworkHCPCSHCFA Common Procedure Coding SystemHCPRHealth Care Provider RecordsHCRISHospital Cost Report Information SystemHCUP-3Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, 1988 - 1994HDCHCFA Data CenterHEDICHealth Electronic Data Interchange CorporationHEDISHealth Plan and Employer Data and Information SetHEDITPHealthcare Electronic Data Interchange Trading Partner

HFMAHealthcare Financial Management AssociationHHSDepartment of Health and Human ServicesHIAAHealth Insurance Association of AmericaHIBCCHealth Industry Business Communications CouncilHIDAHealth Industry Distributors AssociationHIEHealth Insurance EnrollmentHIMAHealth Industry Manufacturers AssociationHIMRHealth Insurance Master RecordHIMSSHealth Information and Management Systems SocietyHINHealth Industry NumberHIPC

Health Insurance Purchasing CooperativeHISHospital Information SystemHISPPHealth Informatics System Planning PanelHL7Health Level 7HMOHealth Maintenance OrganizationHPSAHealthcare Professional Shortage Area

IIAInterchange AgreementIAG

Industry Action GroupIAIABCInternational Association of Industrial Accident Boards and CommissionsIATAInternational Airline Transport AssociationICCinternational Chamber of CommerceICD-9International Classification of Diseases, 9th RevisionICEDIndex of Co-Existent DiseaseICFIntermediate Care FacilityICNInternal Control NumberICOPSIndustry Committee for Office Products StandardIDEAInternational Data Exchange AssociationIDMAInsurance Data Management AssociationIECInternational Electrotechnical CommitteeIEDIInternational Electronic Data InterchangeIEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersIESInter-Enterprise System Clearing HouseIETFInternet Engineering Task ForceIFTMInternational Forwarding and Transport FrameworkIGPIndividual Group PracticeIHCEBIInteractive Health Care Eligibility Benefits Inquiry

IHCEBRInteractive Health Care Eligibility Benefits ResponseIIIInsurance Information InstituteIMGInternational Medical GraduatesINSInternational Network ServicesIPInternet ProtocolIPMSInterpersonal Messaging ServicesIPTInternational Project TeamIRCInternational Record CarrierISDNIntegrated Services Digital NetworkISOInternational Standards OrganizationISSBInformation Systems Standards BoardISVIndependent Software VendorsITSInter-Plan Teleprocessing SystemIVInitialization VectorIVANSInsurance Value Added Network ServiceIXRDAIndependent X-Ray Dealers Association

JJADJoint Application DevelopmentJCAHOJoint Commission on the Accreditation of Health Organizations

JEDIJoint Electronic Data InterchangeJITJust In TimeJRTJoint Rapporteur TeamJTC IJoint Technical Committee IJTCIEDIJoint Technical Committee for EDI

KLLANLocal Area Network

LATALocal Area and Transport AreaLIMNETLondon Insurance Market NetworkLIMRALife Insurance Marketing and Research AssociationLOILetter of IntentLRCLongitudinal Redundancy Check

MMAACMaximum Allowable Actual ChargeMACMessage Authentication Code also, Maximum Allowable CostMAFMedical Assisted FacilityMBAMortgage Bankers AssociationMCOManaged Care Organization

MDDMaximum Daily DoseMDGMessage Design Guidelines GroupMDNManaged Data NetworksMEWAMultiple Employer Welfare ArrangementsMGMAMedical Group Management AssociationMHSMessage Handling SystemMMISMaterials Management Information SystemMNPMicrocom Network ProtocolMOMAMessage-Oriented Middleware AssociationMOUMemo of UnderstandingMPIMedicare Provider IdentifierMPIESMedicare Physician Identification and Eligibility SystemMSMessage StoresMSDSMaterials Safety Data Sheets also, Message Standards DevelopmentSubcommitteeMTAMessage Transfer AgentMTS

Medicare Transaction System

NNABPNational Association of Boards of Pharmacy

NACHANational Automated Clearing House AssociationNACMNational Association of Credit ManagersNAEBNorth American EDIFACT BoardNAGSNational Auto Glass Specifications, Inc,NAHDONational Association of Health Data OrganizationsNAICNational Association of Insurance CommissionersNAIINational Association of Independent insurersNAKNegative AcknowledgementNAMESNational Association of Medical Equipment SuppliersNAAGCNational Association of Mutual Insurance CompaniesNARANational Archives and Records AdministrationNATBNational Auto Theft, Bureau (now called NICB)NBSNational Bureau of StandardsNCCINational Council of Compensation InsuranceNCHSNational Center for Health StatisticsNCOILNational Conference of Insurance Log4latorsNCPNetwork Control ProgramNCPDPNational Council for Prescription Drug ProgramsNCQANational Committee for Quality Assurance

NCSLNational Computer Standards LaboratoryNCVHSNational Committee for Vital & Health StatisticsNDMNetwork Data MoverNEICNational Electronic Information CorporationNEX/UCSNetwork Exchange UCS

NHCAANational Health Care Anti-Fraud AssociationNICBNational Insurance Crime BureauNISTNational Institute for Standards of TechnologyNMRNew Message RequestNMVTISNational Motor Vehicle Title Information SystemNNNegative NotificationNOPANational Office Products AssociationNPFNational Provider FileNPINational Provider IdentifierNSANational Security AgencyNSCNational Supplier ClearinghouseNSFNational Standard FormatNTFHRNational Task Force on Healthcare ReformNUBC

National Uniform Billing CommitteeNWCNational Workers Compensation Reinsurance PoolNWDANational Wholesale Druggists Association

OO&POrganization and ProceduresOBRAOmnibus Budger Reconciliation ActOCEOpen Collaborative EnvironmentOCHAMPUSOffice of Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed ServicesOCROptical Character RecognitionODETTEOrganization for Data Exchange Through TeletransmissionOFTPODETTE File Transfer ProtocolOIGOffice of Inspector GeneralOLTPOn-Line Transaction ProcessingOMOutcome Measurement

OMBOffice of Management and BudgetOMCOffice of Managed CareOMGObject Management GroupOPMOrganization and Procedure ManualOPOPOffice of Provider Operations and Procedures

OSCAROnline Survey and Certification and Reporting SystemOSIOpen Systems InterconnectionOTPOriginating Trading Partner

PP&CProperty and CasualtyPADPacket Assembler/DissemblerPAEBPan American EDIFACT BoardPBMPharmacy Benefit ManagersPCSProperty Claims ServicesPDAUPhysical Delivery Access UnitPEBProvider Electronic BillingPediProtocol for EDIPIDXPetroleum Industry Data ExchangePINPersonal Identification NumberPIPPersonal Injury Protection also, Periodic Interim PaymentPMAPharmaceutical Manufacturers AssociationPMSPractice Management SystemPNPositive NotificationPOSPoint of Sale also, Point of Service

PPProject ProposalPPOPreferred Provider OrganizationPPSN

Public Packet Switched NetworkPRBProcedures Review BoardPS&RProvider Statistics and Reporting SystemPSTNPublic Switched Telephone NetworkPTTPost Telephone Telegraph Administration

QQAPQuality Assurance ProgramQRQuick Response

RRARemittance AdviceRAAReinsurance Association of AmericaRBRVSResource Based Relative Value ScaleRDESRegional Data Exchange SystemRHHIRegional Home Health IntermediaryRIMSReconsideration Information SystemRINETReinsurance and Insurance NetworkROM

Regional Office Manual also, Read-Only MemoryRPCHRural Primary Care HospitalRRCRural Referral CenterRTRapporteur's Advisory and Support TeamRTPReceiving Trading PartnerRUGResource Utilization Group

SSCC-JTC/EDIStandards Council of Canada Joint Technical Committee on EDISCMShipping Container MarkingSDGSyntax Development GroupSDLCSynchronous Data Link CommunicationSDO

Standards Developing OrganizationSDSSwitched Digital Service.SITASysteme Internationale Transport AeronautiqueSIUSpecial Investigative UnitSLAService Level AgreementSMAState Medicaid AgenciesSMDSSwitched Multimegabit Data ServicesSNASystem Network Architecture

SNISNA Network InterconnectSNADSSystem Network Architecture Distribution ServiceSNWSimple Network Management ProtocolSONETSynchronous Optical NetworkSPBASociety of Professional Benefit AdministratorsSPINStandard Prescriber Identification NumberSPTGSpecial Task GroupSPWGSpecial Work GroupSSNSocial Security NumberSWIFTSociety for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications

TT3POSTransaction Processing Protocol for Point of SaleTATechnical AssessmentTAGTechnical Advisory Group also, Technical Assessment GroupsTCIFTelecommunication Industry ForumTCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol Internet ProtocolTCP/IP FTPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - File Transfer ProtocolTCSTrusted Computer SystemTDCCTransportation Data Coordinating Committee

TDFTransborder Data FlowTDITrade Data Interchange Also, Trading Data InterchangeTDI-APTrade Data Interchange - Applications ProtocolTEDISTrade Electronic Data Interchange SystemsTGTask GroupTICD UN/Draft Interactive Composite Data Elements Directory for UN/EDIFACTTIMD UN/Draft Interactive Messages Directory for UN/EDIFACTTINTax Identification NumberTPTrading PartnerTPAThird Party Administrators also, Trading Partner AgreementTPSPThird Party Service ProviderTRTechnical ReportTRACSTrauma Registry of the American College of SurgeonsTDEDUN/EDIFACT Trade Data Element DirectoryTSTransaction SetTSTSTransaction Switching and Transport Service

UUAUser AgentUCC

Uniform Code CouncilUCFTFUniform Claim Form Task ForceUCRUsual, Customary, and ReasonableUCSUniform Communications StandardUN/ECEUnited Nations Economic Commission for EuropeUN/EDIFACTUnited Nations Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce, andTradeUN/GTDIUN/EDIFACT Guidelines for Trade Data InterchangeUN/ISOUnited Nations International Standards OrganizationUNCID

Uniform Rules of Conduct for Interchange of Trade Data by TeletransmissionUNIDUnique National IdentifierUNJEDIUnited Nations Joint Electronic Data InterchangeUNSIMUNEFACT Standard Interactive MessageUNSMUnited Nations Standard MessageUNTDEDUnited Nations Trade Data Elements DirectoryUNTDIDUnited Nations Trade Data Interchange DirectoryUPCUniform Product CodeUPINUnique Physician Identification NumberUPCUniform Product CodeUPSUninterruptable Power Supply

URACUtilization Review Accreditation CommissionUROUtilization Review OrganizationUSNCUnited States National Committee

VVABValue Added BankVADValue Added DistributorVANValue Added NetworkVARValue Added ResellerVICSVoluntary Industry Communications StandardVIVMVendor Independent Messaging Interface

WWWWWorld Wide WebWEDIWork Group for Electronic Data InterchangeWGWork GroupWNSWarehouse Information Network Standard

XX12C

Communications and ControlsX12EProduct DataX12FFinance

X12GGovernmentX12HMaterials ManagementX12ITransportationX12JTechnical AssessmentX12KPurchasingX12LIndustry Standards TransitionX12MDistribution and WarehousingX12NInsurance

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Dictionary XcellwebA List of Xcellweb Features plus a collection of Internet expressions

Anonymous FTP A system of computers and databases tracking information of FTP serversthroughout the world.ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A 7-bit charactercode that can represent 128 characters, some of which are controlcharacters used for communications control and are not printable.Arabic Indexing Allows Xcellweb clients to have searchable web pages in Arabic language.ASP(Active Server Page) supporting the standard Microsoft ASP componentssuch as the AdRotator, and Content Linker. XcellWeb has standardized onServerObjects' components because of their high level of stability andfunctionality. XcellWeb is committed to hosting any componentsdevelopers wish to use for their applications as long as the component(s)meet standards for stability and security.Attribute A property of an HTML element; specified in the start tag of the element.Audio Streaming The ability to play audio as it is being received as opposed to downloadingan entire audio file and launching an audio player.Authentication Verification of a person's identity or a processes validity.Authoring Used in the context as creating World Wide Web documents.Autoresponder(Infobots) An automatic response to an e-mail inquiry generated by themail server that is programmed to acknowledge receipt of an e-mailrequest. This can be used to send additional information about a specificproduct or service.Avatar A graphic or pictorial representation of a user in a 3-D chat area. Usuallychosen by each user, the avatar can be an animal or caricature.AVI (Audio Video interleaved) A Microsoft multimedia file format.AVR Automatic Voice RecognitionBackbone A high speed centralized network connecting smaller independentnetworks.Backdoor Refers to the "private entrance" around the security in a program ornetwork used by programmers or technicians to perform maintenance orgain entry.Bandwidth The range of frequencies (data) a transmission line can carry and definedin bit\s (BPS). The larger the bandwidth, the greater the informationcapacity of a channel.Banner An online advertising graphic.Baud A unit of transmission/receiving speed, expressed in terms of the numberof different signal events per second. It is the same as bit/s, when it is usedto transmit a single bit of data.bcc Blind Carbon Copy. To send an e-mail where the addressee does not seethat the letter was also sent to a third party.Binary file Any file that is not plain, ASCII text. For example: executable files,graphic files and compressed (ZIP) files.Bit (contraction of binary digit) A single unit of information that has twovalues, 0 or 1.BITNet "Because It's Time" Network. An academic computer network thatprovides interactive electronic mail and file transfer services, using astore-and-forward protocol. BITNet hosts are not on the Internet per se,but are reachable by email through BITNet to Internet gateways.Bounce The return of a piece of mail because of an error in the delivery process.

Mail can be bounced for various reasons. "Bounce" can also refer to themessage indicating the error (informal usage).Bookmark Marking the location OF an Internet address for quick reference.bps Bits per second. Measurement of digital information transmission rates.Broadband Any network (or frequency) that multiplexes different independentnetwork carriers into a single cable or channel.Broadcast The simultaneous transmission of like data from one to many destinations,one to all.Brochureware A slang term for websites where companies have done little more thanscan their companies brochures and mounted them on their web pages.This is the first step many businesses take while learning to market on theInternet.Browser A software program for observing the World Wide Web; synonym for aWeb client.

BTW An abbreviation for "By The Way".Bulletin Board System (BBS) A computer, and associated hardware, which typically provideselectronic messaging services, archives of files and any other services oractivities of interest to the bulletin board system's operator. Many BBS'sare currently operated by government, educational and researchinstitutions.Although BBS's have traditionally been the domain of hobbyists, anincreasing number of BBS's are connected to the Internet. The majority,however, are still reachable only via a direct modem-to-modem connectionover a phone line.Bulk E-mail E-mail sent to multiple addresses in one huge mailing. Usually referring toa UCE bombing or SPAM.Byte Eight bits forming a unit of data. Typically, each byte stores one character(letter or number).C (and/or C+, C++) The name of a programming language so called because many featuresderived from an earlier compiler named `B' in commemoration of itsparent, BCPL. Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled the question by designingC++, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should benamed `D' or `P'. C is now the dominant language in systems andmicrocomputer applications programming.Careware Shareware for which either the author suggests that some payment bemade to a nominated charity or a levy directed to charity is included on topof the distribution charge.Cache A temporary storage bin in memory and on your hard drive. Browsersstash the contents from pages that have been downloaded in the event theyare called upon to be displayed again.CCI (Common Client Interface) Allows Web clients to communicate withexternal viewers or other applications.CERN Centre Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire. The European laboratoryfor particle physics, where the Web originated in 1989. (Seehttp://www.iso.ch/)CGI (Common Gateway Interface) A standard for programs to interface withWeb servers.CGI-BIN (bin - short for binary) The name of a directory on a web server in whichCGI programs are usually stored.Channel The basic unit of discussion on IRC. Once one joins a channel, others readeverything one types on that channel. Channels can either be named withnumbers or with strings that begin with a `#' sign and can have topicdescriptions (which are generally irrelevant to the actual subject ofdiscussion).

Clickable Map Another name for an imagemap.Client A software program that requests information or services from anothersoftware application, a server, and displays this information in a formrequired by its hardware platform.Client/server A front-end client and a back end server allows multiple workstations(client) to access the same server at the same time over the LAN. TheInternet is a global client/server network. The goal of such a design is tooff-load as much processing as possible to the desktop leaving the sharedinformation at the server.Clipboard A temporary staging area for copied information stored in memory. Theclipboard stores information until you copy another or you exit Windows.Cold Fusion XcellWeb Servers support Cold Fusion tags. See alsohttp://www.allaire.comConfidence factor The factor by which a search engine rates the relevance or results of akeyword query.Connectivity The access method through which one is connected to the Internet.Connectivity choices are increasing rapidly.Cookie A handle or transaction identifier, or other token of agreement betweencooperating programs. Cookies were introduced by Netscape to preservestate information on the browser. This permits a site to recognize you onsubsequent visits. Shopping cart programs can record each item you havecollect as you navigate through a site. When done shopping, the web pagecan use all of your accumulated cookies to calculate the charge. Somepeople believe that any site you connect to can read all the cookies on yourdisk. However, only the site that issued the cookie can read it.Corel Draw A very popular suite of graphics programs.CPM Advertising term meaning cost per one thousand sightings or impressions.Cracker A cracker is an individual who attempts to access computer systemswithout authorization. These people are often malicious, as opposed tohackers, and have many means at their disposal for breaking into a system.CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) a World Wide Web Consortium specification fordesigning layout and style elements of a web page. It permits you tocontrol the appearance of fonts, colors, sizes, etc. throughout the entire siteby referencing one master page. FrontPage 98 does this by assisting youwith the "Themes" option.CTR (Click Through Rate) Advertising term indicating the percentage ofviewers who click on a banner advertisement and follow the link.Ctrl C - (Control C) The keyboard command to copy text or graphics selected (highlighted) bythe cursor to the computers temporary RAM memory.Ctrl V - (Control V) The keyboard command to paste an object stored in RAM memory into anopen application such as a paint program or word processor.Cybercitizens Citizens of the Internet, Net heads, Netizens.Cybermall An online shopping mall .Cyberspace A term coined by William Gibson in his SF novel Neuromancer (1984) todescribe the interconnected "world" of computers and the society thatgathers around them. Today, cyberspace is the Internet and the tens ofthousands of computers and networks that make up the Net. - D -Daemon [from the mythological meaning, later rationalized as the acronym `DiskAnd Execution MONitor'] A program that is not invoked explicitly, butlies dormant waiting for some condition(s) to occur. The idea is that theperpetrator of the condition need not be aware that a daemon is lurking(though often a program will commit an action only because it knows thatit will implicitly invoke a daemon).Data Transfer Per Month Cumulative total of data that is transferred over the web site each month.

Dial-up Account Account with an Internet Service Provider that utilizes a telephone call to amodem (rather than a dedicated data line).DARPA The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (now the DefenseInformation Systems Agency) initiated the DARPA Internet program in1969. This network which was called an "CATENET" was the precursor tothe modern Internet.Dialer A program that establishes and maintains your connection to the Internet,as well as provides Winsock support. Popular dialers include TrumpetWinsock and the Windows '95 Dial up Networking.Dialup A temporary connection between machines established with modems overa standard phone line.Digital Cash Electronic cash or bank account. Automatic payroll deposits in your bankare examples of digital cash.

Disk Storage Amount of disk space available for programming.Discussion Forum A place on your web site where visitors can exchange their views on acertain subject.DNS (Domain Name Service) The Internet's distributed database system used tomap names with the appropriate IP address. The DNS is a general-purposedistributed, replicated, data query service. The principal use is the lookupof host IP addresses based on host names. The style of host names nowused in the Internet is called "domain name", because they are the style ofnames used to look up anything in the DNS. Some important domains are.COM (commercial), .NET (network), .EDU (educational), .GOV(government) and .MIL (military). Most countries also have a domain. Forexample, .US (United States), .UK (United Kingdom) and .AU (Australia).Domain Name The alphabetic name for a computer host; this name is mapped to thecomputer's numeric Internet Protocol (lP) address.Download Copying files from another computer to your own computer over acommunications link.DPI (Dots Per Inch) The spatial resolution of a graphics image, how many dotsper inch in a graphic image determine the quality of output. A high-endprinter can produce 600 - 1200+ DPI while a computer monitor is only 72DPI.DTD (Document Type Definition) A specification for a mark-up language.EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) The exchange of information through theuse of an electronic (and usually secure) messaging system.EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation - http://www.eff.org) is a non-profit civilliberties organization working in the public interest to protect privacy, freeexpression, and access to public resources and information online, as wellas to promote responsibility in new media. Founded in July of 1990, theElectronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is dedicated to finding ways toresolve these and other conflicts while ensuring that essential civil libertiesare protected.Element A unit of structure in an HTML document; many elements have start andstop tags; some have just a single tag; some elements can contain otherelements.E-mail Electronic Mail. The exchange of messages via networked computers to ane-mail address. E-mail allows attaching and sending of other files.Email Address The domain-based address that is used to send electronic mail to aspecified destination. For example, "support@xcellweb.com" is the emailaddress for the user support of the xcellweb.com domain.

E-mail Forwarding Automated forwarding of E-mail messages delivered to an establishede-mail address.

E-mail Autoresponding Automated e-mail response to messages received at a specified e-mailaddressE-mall An electronic shopping mall.Emoticon E-mail emotions, or faces that you insert to express moods. Examples:Smiley face :-) or unhappy face :-(Ethernet The most common LAN transmission network.Explorer (Internet Explorer) Microsoft's web browserExposures The number of times a viewer sees an advertising banner.Extranet A close relative of an Intranet with the difference being that remotecompany offices not confined to the corporate location can utilize theIntranet via the Internet.FAQ An acronym for Frequently Asked Questions.FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) A fiber-based token-passing LANtechnology standardized by ANSI, with dual counter-rotating rings. Eachring carries information at the rate of 100 Mbits.Filtering An automatic method of screening e-mail messages as they aredownloaded from the Internet. An e-mail client can be instructed todeposit (file or trash) qualifying e-mail messages in various folders as theyare received. A filter can look at keywords, addresses, domains, subjectmatter, size, etc.Finger An Internet tool used to locate people on other Internet sites.Firewall A gateway between two networks that screens and buffers informationpassing between the networks.Flame To post an email message intended to insult and provoke.Flame Bait A posting intended to trigger a flame war, or one that invites flames inreply.Form HTML element that allows users to fill in information and submit it forprocessing.

Frames An HTML programming option that permits a web page to be subdividedinto smaller sections of varying size. The "windows" can have norelevance to each other or, they can be hyper-linked to each other.Frame relay A communications interface that provides high-speed packet transmissionwith minimum delay and efficient use of bandwidth. It assumes that allconnections are reliable and does not have error detection or control whichhelps to speed up the protocol.Freeware Software that is free but still copyright protected.Front Page 98 extensions XcellWeb servers support sites made with Microsoft's Front Page 98 andits new extensions. see also http://www.microsoft.com/frontpageFTP (File Transfer Protocol) A means to exchange files across a network.GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) A storage format for images; can be used asan inline image in an HTML document.Gopher A protocol for disseminating information on the Internet using a system ofmenus; items in the menus can be links to other documents, searches, orlinks to other information services.Graphical Browser A Web client that displays inline images and fonts and that usually offersmouse-based point-and-click operation.GUI (Graphical User Interface) Pronounced "gooey", a navigational command or menu interface designed to be self-explanatory and easy to use by pointing and clicking on text selections and icons. The Windows GUI interface, althoughoriginally pioneered in the 1970s by Xerox, is now the de-facto standard for American business.Hacker A person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the internalworkings of a system, computers and computer networks in particular.Hardware Type of server acting as a host server.HDML (Handheld Device Markup Language) A developing programminglanguage for a new class of cellular (wireless) communications.

Header Information that appears across the top of e-mail messages, and newsgrouparticles. The header usually contains data about the sender, date messagewas created, the computer path the message traveled through and otherinformation used for managing the message.Hex Code The binary code name for the color used in html.

Hit A request from a browser for a single item from a web server. An overusedterm when discussing traffic on a website, e.g. "We get 500,000 hits permonth." Calling one page from a server could result in dozens of "hits"because each graphic is interpreted as a hit. In reality, counting only the"index.htm" page or "default.htm" page would be a more accurate gauge oftraffic.Home Page A place on the web for any person or organization on the Internet todisplay information to anyone else who wants to see it. A company, forexample, could put the entire contents of their brochure, or annualstatement, or technical support manual on the Web as a home page.Host Any computer on the Internet is referred to as a host.HotJava A Web browser capable of executing applets written in the Javaprogramming language.Hotspot The region of displayed hypertext that, when selected, links the user toanother point in the hypertext or another resource.HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language) The mechanism used to create Web pages;Web browsers display these pages according to a browser-definedrendering scheme.HTML Tag Indicates document structure, elements, formatting and links to otherdocuments. HTML Tags also allow use of other media within a documentExample - <TagNamer> area affected </TagName>HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) The native protocol of the Web, used totransfer hypertext documents.Hypermedia Hypertext that may include multimedia: text, graphics, images, sound, andvideo.Hyperlink A means of "jumping" from one information site to another on the same ora different network server.Hypertext Text that is not constrained to a single sequence for observation;Web-based hypertext is not constrained to a single server for creatingmeaning.IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force - http://www.ietf.org/overview.html) Alarge open international community of network designers, operators,vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internetarchitecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to anyinterested individual. To learn more about this group, what they do andhow you may want to become involved, read "A Guide for New Attendeesof the Internet Engineering Task Force" at: http://www.ietf.org/tao.htmliHTML support a server-side scripting platform, which will be a boon to dynamic sitecreators. iHTML Pro allows you to add programmatic logic, conditionalstatements, file manipulation, math functions, ODBC connectivity andmore to your site all from within your HTML documents (no additionalfiles required) with an easy-to-learn HTML tag-like syntax. see alsohttp://www.ihtml.comImage Map A graphic inline image on an HTML page that potentially connects eachpixel or region of an image to a Web resource; users click on the image toretrieve the resources.Infobot (See autoresponder and mailbot) an automatic response to an e-mail orweb inquiry used to provide additional information about a product orservice.

Interlaced Graphics GIF files that are interlaced permit the graphic to load gradually in thebrowser window, progressively increasing the clarity.Internet The cooperatively run, globally distributed collection of computernetworks that exchange information via the TCP/IP protocol suite.Internet Address An IP address that uniquely identifies a node on the Internet. InternetProtocol - (IP) The network layer for the TCP/IP Protocol Suite. It is aconnectionless, best-effort packet switching protocol.Internet Society, The Is a non-governmental International organization for global cooperationand coordination for the Internet and its internetworking technologies andapplications. The Society's individual and organizational members arebound by a common stake in maintaining the viability and global scalingof the Internet. They comprise the companies, government agencies, andfoundations that have created the Internet and its technologies as well asinnovative new entrepreneurial organizations contributing to maintain thatdynamic. Visit their home pages at: http://info.isoc.org/ to see how Internetinnovators are creatively using the network.InterNIC is a cooperative activity between the National Science Foundation,Network Solutions, Inc. and AT&T. Network Solutions sponsorsRegistration Services, Support Services, and Net Scout Services. Clickhere to visit the InterNIC on the Web.Interpreneurs A new breed of entrepreneur who develops Internet/Intranet businesses orapplications.Intranet is a private, internal network that operates within the walls of a company(similar to a LAN) and is usually insulated from the outside world via anelectronic or hardware impedance called a firewall.IP Address This is a four-part number, which everyone else on the Internet uses touniquely identify your network.IPng Internet Protocol Next Generation is a working group of the InternetEngineering Task Force (IETF) that is responsible for solving the IPaddress shortage due to occur after the millenium.IRC (Internet Relay Chat) A worldwide "party line" network that allows one toconverse with others in real time. IRC is structured as a network ofInternet servers, each of which accepts connections from client programs,one per user.ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Switched digital networking thathandles a range of digital voice and digital image transmission. It providesend-to-end, simultaneous handling of voice and data on the same digitallinks via integrated switches.ISO (International Standards Organization) An international organization thatsets standards for many things, including, for example, the ISO Latin-1character set. (See http://www.iso.ch/)ISP (Internet ServiceProvider) A Company or Entity that provides Internet access to the public.Java An object-oriented programming language for creating distributed,executable applications.Java Script A non-compiled command language used in HTML applications where theinstructions are managed by the browser.Java Servlet Xcellweb servers support using fast server-side Java . Included classlibrary makes building complex server-side applications in Java a breeze.JDK (Java Development Kit) The development kit from Sun Microsystems thatprovides the basic tools needed to write, test and debug Java.JEPI (Joint Electronic Payment Initiative) developed by the World Wide WebConsortium (W3C) to help facilitate electronic commerce.J-mail Electronic junk mail.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) A graphic compression anddecompression standard.Kbps Kilobits per second. A measure of digital information transmission rates.(1 kilobit = 1,000 bits)Kermit A popular file transfer protocol developed by Columbia University.Because Kermit runs in most operating environments, it provides an easymethod of file transfer. Kermit is not the same as FTP.Keyword(s) The descriptive text included in HTML programming which is indexed bysearch engines. E.g. keywords such as motor, engine, tires, etc. would beincluded in a site geared to automobiles.LAN A local area network.Lexis-Nexis http://www.lexis-nexis.com/ Although fee-based, this database consistingof extensive news and general interest subjects is one of the most powerfulresearch sites in the world.Link A connection between one hypertext document and another.Listservers (Listserv) A software program used to manage e-mail discussion groups.Log Files Files that record and store raw data of web site traffic.Lurk To hang around a Newsgroup without participating. A person who is lurking is just listening to the discussion. Lurkingis encouraged for beginning users who wish to become acquainted with a particular discussion before joining in.Lynx A nongraphical Web browser, developed by the University of Kansas.MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a specification for multimediadocument formats.Mailbot (see Infobot or Autoresponder) A program that automatically responds toincoming e-mail requests.Mail Server A software program that distributes files or information in response to requests sent via e-mail. Internetexamples include Almanac and netlib. Mail servers have also been used in BITNet to provide FTP-like services.Mailing list An e-mail address which expands to multiple e-mail addresses. Usuallythey are confined to specific topics of information.MAPI (Messaging Application Programming Interface) Is Microsoft's standardfor the interface to e-mail.Matrix The set of all networks that can exchange electronic mail either directly orthrough gateways. This includes the Internet, BITNET, FidoNet, UUCP,and commercial services such as America Online, CompuServe, Delphi,Prodigy, as well as other networks. This term was coined by John S.Quarterman in his book, The Matrix (Digital Press, 1990).mbps Megabits per second. A measure of digital information transmission rates.(1 megabit = 1,000 kilobits)Megabit Approximately one million bits of data.Megabyte Approximately one million bytes of data.Merchant Bank A banking company that handles corporate transactions. A merchant bankenables a business to receive and clear credit card transactions on line. Amerchant bank is the one who actually transfers money from a buyer'saccount to a seller's account as a result of goods or services being sold.META tags Commands in HTML that instruct the browser or search engines toperform specific tasks, identify keywords, site definitions, page authors,plug-in requirements, etc. that are invisible to the user.MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) a protocol that permits sounds frommusical instruments to be converted to a program and read by a computer.MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, a specification in multimediadocuments.Modem A hardware device that connects to the phone lines that permits computersto exchange information. Modems convert binary data into analog for thepurpose of passing that data over copper phone lines.Moderator A person, or small group of people, who manage moderated mailing lists

and Usenet newsgroups. Moderators are responsible for determining whiche-mail submissions are passed onto a list.Moderated Newsgroup A newsgroup whose articles are sent via e-mail to the group's moderator,who checks material before they are posted.Monthly Price Monthly hosting fee associated with each level of web hosting service.Mosaic A graphical Web browser originally developed by the National Center forSupercomputing Applications (NCSA); now includes a number ofcommercially licensed products.MS SQL Server Supports the installation and operation of a MS SQL database on the website.MUD (Multi-User Dungeon) Adventures, role-playing games or simulationsplayed on the Internet. Devotees call them "text-based virtual realityadventures". Players interact in real time and can modify the "world" inwhich the game is played. Most MUDs are based on the Telnet protocol.Multi-tasking The simultaneous execution of two or more assignments by one programor the coordinated use of one program that performs many functions at thesame time.

Narrowcasting A term that describes the distribution of information (or TV programs)designed for minority interests rather than the mass appeal targeted bybroadcasting.Navigating The act of observing the content of the Web for some purpose.NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) At the University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign; developers and distributors of NCSAMosaic.The Net An informal term for the Internet or a subset (or a superset) of the Matrixin context. For example, a computerized conference via e-mail may takeplace on a BITNET host that has an Internet gateway, thus making theconference available to anyone on either of these networks.Netscape A web browser (Navigator) and by default, the name of the authoringcompany. The Netscape( browser was based on the Mosaic programdeveloped at NCSA.Netiquette ("network etiquette") The conventions of politeness (Miss Mannersetiquette of the Internet) recognized on USENET, such as avoidance ofcross-posting to inappropriate groups and refraining from "commercialpluggery" outside the biz (business) newsgroups.Newbie A new Internet user.Network Connectivity Speed of connection attached to the host server.Newsgroup A collection of articles (postings) sent to a specific place on the Internetregarding a specific theme.NIC (Network Information Center) A NIC provides information, assistance andservices to network users. The Internet Network Information Center(InterNIC) is a project administered by AT&T and Network Solutions, Inc.(NSI). AT&T provides directory and database services for registeredInternet hosts, while NSI administers the registration process.Nickname A name that you select when you connect to an IRC server. Many userschoose descriptive nicknames that have no relevance to their real identity.NOC Network Operations CenterNOS Network Operating SystemNode A device on a network that requests or provides services. A node is alsoused to describe a network workstation.

NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) A protocol for the distribution,retrieval and posting of Usenet articles through high-speed links availableon the Internet.

NSFNET The National Science Foundation started the Supercomputer Centersprogram in 1986. NSF's idea was to construct five supercomputer centersaround the country and build a network that would link them with users.This would be the core of the U.S. Internet, until its privatization andretirement in 1995.NSI Network Solutions Inc. was awarded the InterNIC contract worth $5.9million a year by NSF. NSI began registering domains at the rate ofapproximately 400 per month.NT (New Technology) Windows NT is Microsoft's 32-bit version ofWindows. It is a standalone operating system (OS) that is also a "networkready" system.OCR (Optical Character Recognition) Software that converts scanned images oftext documents into files, which can then be imported into a wordprocessor.ODBC support Xcellweb hosting clients can host their ODBC compliant databases foraccess from their web sites.OFX (Open Financial Exchange) Messaging specifications created by Microsoft,Intuit and Checkfree.Merchant Store Front Database Package Hosting clients may request the installation a merchatstore front enabling them to sell products and take orders over the internet.The store front include an advanced shopping cart system as well asautomatic shipping fees calculation.They can build their own store onlinethrough a web browser, no need for programming knowledge. A storefrontexample can be found here.Operating System Operating system installed on host server.OS (Operating System) DOS, Windows 3.1, Win95, UNIX, OS2, etc. are basicoperating systems for computers.Packet A set of data handled as a unit in data transmission.Packet Switching A method of transferring data in a network where individual packets areaccepted by the network and delivered to the prescribed destination.Packets can be distributed in any order because the control data sent at thebeginning of the transmission ensures they are interpreted in the correctsequence once received. Because each packet carries its own instructions,it can use any route to reach its destination.Page A single file of hypertext mark-up language.

Path Name The list of directories you pass through to get to embedded directories.Pathnames begin with a slash (/) and directory names are separated by aslash.PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) Handheld computing and communicationdevices.PDF A file format exclusive to the Adobe Acrobat Reader that can bedownloaded and viewed off-line.PEP (Protocol Extension Protocol) is an extension to HTTP.Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language) A scripting languagewritten by Larry Wall used for text manipulation and popular for writinggateway applications.PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) encrypts and decrypts files and messages usingsome of the strongest encryption technology available to U. S. civilians.Ping The TCP/IP service that lets you check to verify that you can reach anothernetwork node from your local host. Ping is usually a quick test to ensurethat your connection is valid. The command will return the time inmilliseconds that a packet takes to make the round trip from your localhost to the remote host.Plug-ins An application that allows you to view different information formats in

your browser window.POP Point-of-Presence. A linked group of modems, routers and otherequipment, located in a particular city or metropolitan area, allowing localsubscribers to access the Internet through a local telephone call.POP 2/3 (Post Office Protocol) A protocol designed to allow single user hosts toread e-mail from a server. There are three versions: POP, POP2 and POP3.Later versions are not compatible with earlier versions.POP E-mail Post Office Protocol Electronic mail address at your domain name.Example: name@domainname.com POP E-mail is the standard for theexchange of messages via networked computers to an e-mail address.Posting The method of sending e-mail message to a Newsgroup or electronicbulletin board.Postmaster The email contact and maintenance person at a site connected to theInternet. Often, but not always, the same as the admin.POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) Copper phone wires or twisted pair, thesame wiring that connects to your home or office.PPP Point to Point Protocol. A communications protocol that allows dial-upaccess to Internet over telephone lines.Promotion A service by Xcellweb to promote the client's web site in the top 15 searchengines.Protocol message formats (rules) that two or more machines must observe toexchange information. To print a document on a network printer, strictprotocols must be adhered to or the operation can not proceed.PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) The old-fashioned telephonesystem with which we all grew up. See POTS.PUSH (As opposed to "PULL" technology) Information is delivered to a desktopor other receiving device in real time as new information becomesavailable. This is as a result of a user defining areas of interest, industries,and keywords via a personal profile with the PUSH service provider.QuickTime (QT) A format developed by Apple Computer for working with data files,such as sounds and video. A QuickTime file is indicated by a ".mov"(movie) filename.Radio Button A round selection (check box) field in software programs and web formsthat when checked, looks like a knob from an old radio.RAM Random Access Memory is temporary memory that your computer uses tostore information. Text copied to the "clipboard" is stored in RAM until itis replaced by new information or the computer is turned off.Real Audio™ A browser plug-in used to listen to live or on-demand music in real-timeacross the Internet at 14.4K baud or higher.RFC (Request for Comments) A series of documents that describes standards orproposes new standards for Internet protocols and technologies.RNA Ring No Answer. This is the symptom used to describe a modem at a localPOP that rings, but does not pick up the incoming call.Robot A term for software programs that automatically explore the Web for avariety of purposes; robots that collect resources for later database queriesby users are sometimes called spiders.Routing the process used on the Internet to deliver data packets to their intendeddestination. A router processes the data packet and reads the destinationaddress included in the IP header then determines the next (router) stopthat will take the packet closer to its destination. The process is repeateduntil the packet arrives at its final target.RTFM An acronym for "Read The Freaking Manual". Advice given to Newbieswho ask questions before looking for the answers in the appropriateplaces.

Screen Capture A method of "capturing" a snapshot of your computer screen. Pressing the"Print Scrn" key on your keyboard will place an image of your computerscreen in memory. Pasting (Ctrl V) that image into any graphics programwill permit you to crop and edit that scene.Search Engines Resources that are used to locate information on the Internet.Site indexing Enabling web pages to be indexed for search.Server A software application that provides information or services based onrequests from client programs.SET (Secure Electronic Transactions) a new Internet standard from MasterCardand VISA.Set up One time set up fee associated with each level of web hosting service.SGML Standard Generalized Mark-Up Language; a standard for defining mark-uplanguages; HTML is an instance of SGML. (See http://www.sgmlopen.org/)Shareware Software that you try out for a certain period of time and then pay for it ifyou wish to keep using it.Shelfware Software purchased on a whim (by an individual user) or in accordancewith policy (by a corporation or government agency), but not actuallyrequired for any particular use. Therefore, it often ends up on some shelf.Shell The user interface to an operating environment. Unix has several,including the Bourne shell (sh), the C shell (csh), and the Korn shell (ksh).Shockwave™ A browser plug-in from Macromedia that permits you to view animatedmultimedia presentations on the web.Signature Text that can be automatically added to the bottom of e-mail messages ornewsgroups articles.Site A file section of a computer on which Web documents (or otherdocuments served in another protocol) reside; for example, a Web site, aGopher site, an FTP site.SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol. A communications protocol that allowsdirect, dial-up access to the Internet over phone lines.SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Set of rules that the Internet uses formoving e-mail messages.SPAM Causing a newsgroup to be flooded with irrelevant or inappropriatemessages. SPAMing is considered one of the worst examples of badNetiquette.Snail Mail The traditional mail service offered by the U.S. Postal Service.Spider A software program that traverses the Web to collect information aboutresources for later queries by users seeking to find resources; majorspecies of active spiders include Lycos and WebCrawler.SQL (Structured Query Language) A standardized query language used forquerying databases in client/server applications.Subject Line The line in e-mail messages where you insert the subject being discussed.This is an important place to add "spin" to a marketing message.Surfing The act of navigating the Web, typically using techniques for rapidlyprocessing information in order to find subjectively valuable resources.SysOp The person responsible for maintenance of a given computer system. Shortfor "System Operator".Thawte Secure Certificate Allows XcellWeb clients to purchase their own secure certificate fromThawte. see also http://www.thawte.comT-1 Data communications line capable of transmitting at speeds of 1.54 Mbps.T-3 Data communications line capable of transmitting at speeds of 45 Mbps.Tag The format code used to make up part of an HTML element; for example,the TITLE element has a start tag, and an end tag.TCP/IP The protocol used to connect two computers, and it is the foundation ofthe Internet. The Internet is TCP/IP, and usually it is implemented on top

of UNIX, except at the final desktop destination, where it might be on aWindows PC, a DOS PC, or a Mac.Telnet A protocol for sharing information across networks using a technique forterminal emulation; appears as if user is "logged in" to remote computer.Terabyte 1000 gigabytes.Themes In Microsoft FrontPage 98, Themes provide a consistent look throughout awebsite. More than 50 professionally designed thematic templates includebackgrounds, fonts, page headers, and navigation buttons.Threads In a discussion group or mailing list, a message thread is a series of e-mailresponses to a particular subject strung together as in "following thethread".TIA (The Internet Adapter) A product that emulates a SLIP or PPP connectionover a serial line, allowing shell users to run a SLIP/PPP session through aUnix dialup account. "TIA" is also used informally as an abbreviation for"Thanks in advance".Transaction processing Taking orders (usually via a secure procedure) and processing credit cardtransactions.Trojan Horse A computer program which carries within itself a means to allow theprogram's creator access to the system using it.Troll A term used to define a public message (either on a USENET newsgroupor other public message board on an online service) that is posted for thesole purpose of offending people and/or generating an enormous flood ofnon-topic replies. TTFN - Ta-Ta For NowUCE Unsolicited Commercial E-mail, or another term for SPAMUpload Copying files from your own computer onto another computer over acommunications link.UPP (Universal Payment Preamble) Internet payment negotiation protocol thatis an extension to HTTP.Urban Legend A story, which may have started with a grain of truth, that has beenembroidered and retold until it has passed into the realm of myth. Is aninteresting phenomenon that these stories become spread so far, so fast andso often. Examples of Urban Legends relating to the Internet include "TheInfamous Modem Tax", "Craig Shergold/Brain Tumor Get Well Cards",and "The Good Times Virus".URL (Uniform Resource Locator) The scheme for addressing on the Web; aURL identifies a resource on the Web.Usenet A system for disseminating asynchronous text discussion amongcooperating computer hosts; the Usenet discussion space is divided intonewsgroups, each on a particular topic or subtopic.userID A compression of "user identification"; the userID always proceeds the @sign in an email address.Username A username consists of 1 to 8 characters, and only uses numbers 0 through9 and the 26 alphabet letters. Usernames do not have spaces. usernamesare the first part of an e-mail address: username@xcellweb.com. You musthave a username and a services password to log in to a mailbox.UUCP (UNIX-to-UNIX Command Protocol) This was initially a program rununder the Unix operating system that allowed one Unix system to sendfiles to another Unix system via dialup phone lines. Today, the term ismore commonly used to describe the large international network, whichuses the UUCP protocol to pass news and electronic mail.UUdecoding The restoration of uuencoded data to its original form.UUencode (Unix to Unix Encoding) A process used to convert binary files (graphics)to ASCII (text) so that they can be transmitted across the Internet via ane-mail attachment.

Veronica A service that maintains an index of titles of items on gopher servers, andprovides keyword searches of those titles.Domain name Enabling clients to have their own domain name in the form ofwww.companyname.com (Xcellweb registers the new domain on behalf ofthe client).Virtual LAN A logical vs. a physical (wired) LAN made up of workgroups andindividuals brought together for a particular project with most member'slocation being apart from the others.Virus A program that when loaded infects, alters or destroys other programs.Some virus programs cause major trouble and some are nothing more thanannoying pranks.VR (Virtual Reality) A place or event that exists only in cyberspace but isprogrammed to have the appearance of a real experience.VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) A specification for three-dimensionalrendering used in conjunction with Web browsers.Xcellweb Secure Key Allows Customers to transmit creitical data such as credit card informationsecurely over the Internet using Xcellweb SSL Certificate KeyW3C (World Wide Web Consortium - http://www.w3.org/) An internationalindustry consortium committed to developing public protocols for theWorld Wide Web. Currently, the W3C is contemplating HTML 4.0 specsincluding XML, digital signatures and they are the developers of the JointElectronic Payment Initiative (JEPI)WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers) A distributed information service whichoffers simple natural language input, indexed searching for fast retrievaland a "relevance feedback" mechanism which allows the results of initialsearches to influence future searches. Public domain implementations areavailable. See also: Archie, Gopher, Veronica.WAN Wide Area Network. A communications network which connectsgeographically dispersed users.Weaving The act of creating and linking Web pages.Web Trends Report A detailed report with graphical statistics on your site visitors generatedbuy the famous package WebTrends . See also http://www.webtrends.comWAV Pronounced "wave", an audio file used extensively on the Internet and incomputer software programs. (i.e.: filename.wav)Web A set of hypertext pages that is considered a single work; typically, asingle web is created by cooperating authors or an author and deployed ona single server with links to other servers; a subset of the Web.Web (World Wide Web) A hypertext information and communication systempopularly used on the Internet computer network with datacommunications operating according to a client/server model. Web clients(browsers) can access multi-protocol and hypermedia information (whereappropriate multimedia helper applications are available for the browser)using an addressing scheme.Web server Software that provides the services to web clients.WebBots See robots.Website A collection of web pages or a domain on the World Wide WebWebutize A new slang term, putting a business on the Web.Whois An Internet program which allows users to query a database of people andother Internet entities, such as domains, networks and hosts.Windows A computer operating system developed by Microsoft providing graphicaluser interface and multitasking capabilities.Windows CE A new operating system for PDAs and handheld devices which is basicallya scaled down version of Win95.Winsock Industry standard specifying how TCP/IP-based network applications

should communicate with TCP/IP protocol software.Wizards Software "question and answer applications" that perform a function afterpresenting the user with selectable options. A set-up wizard may ask, "Doyou want white or black text" or "Do you want fries with your order".Worm A computer program, which replicates itself and is self-propagating.Worms, as opposed to viruses, are meant to spawn in networkenvironments. Network worms were first defined by Shoch and Hupp ofXerox in ACM Communications (March 1982). The Internet worm ofNovember 1988 is perhaps the most famous; it successfully propagateditself on over 6,000 systems across the Internet. See also: Trojan Horse,Virus.WS-FTP A file transfer program that is used to upload/download files and text toyour Web Site. Designed for non-programmers but sophisticated enoughfor power users, WS_FTP Pro is widely recognized as the fastest, mostpowerful Windows file transfer client application available.WWW The World Wide Web. The WWW is a global network of HTML baseddocuments that allow visual and interactive communication to take place.A Home Page or a Web Page is part of this World Wide Web.WYSIWYG An acronym for What You See is What You Get. Pronounced"whizzy-wig".Xanadu under development since the1960s, Xanadu is the original hypertext andinteractive multimedia program.XML (eXtensible Markup Language) like HTML, is an outgrowth of SGML thatpermits developers to control and display data in the same way theycontrol text and graphics today. XML is not a replacement for HTML.X Window System A windowing system supporting graphical user interfaces to applications.YAHOO An acronym for Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle, and Yahoo http://www.yahoo.com/ was one of the firstand remains as one of the best Internet search engines.YP (Yellow Pages) A service used by Unix administrators to managedatabases distributed across a network. Now known as NIS (Network Information Services).Zine As in magazine, a (usually) free Internet publication.Zip A type of file compression used most often on the Internet. The file extension for a zipped file is .ZIP.

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The MIPS Project - MAD

AOT Astronomical Observation TemplateBOA Beginning Of ActivityBOT Beginning Of TrackCCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data SystemsCDR Central Data Recorder (Records the downlink data at TMOD.)CDR Critical Design ReviewCIDS Critical Item Development SpecificationCLCW Command Link Control WordCMLB Ceramic Multi-Layer BoardCTA Cryogenic Telescope Assembly (SIRTF without instruments and spacecraft.)CTFCTIA Capacitive Feedback Transimpedance AmplifierDB DatabaseDCE Data Collection EventDQE Detective Quantum EfficiencyDSCCDSNEEISEOA End Of ActivityEOT End Of TrackEOT Engineering Observation Template (Communicate engineering data to S/C.)ERT Earth Relative TimeESD Electrostatic DischargeESDS Electrostatic Discharge SensitiveFPA Focal Plane ArrayFPM Focal Plane ModuleFRR Facility Requirements ReviewFSRRFSW Flight SoftwareGOGTO Guaranteed Time Observer (A big cheese that does nor need a proposal. )HK HousekeepingHST Hubble Space Telescope (Lot of money in the sky.)ICD Interface Control DocumentIOC In-Orbit CheckoutIRAC Infrared Array Camera (One of three instruments on SIRTF.)IRAS Infrared Astronomy Satellite (The granddad of SIRTF.)IRD Interface Requirement DocumentIRS Infrared Spectrograph (One of three instruments on SIRTF.)IRS Internal Revenue Service (Not really part of SIRTF, we hope.)ISO Infrared Space Observatory (A poor man's SIRTF. On the other hand it is in space and not on paper.)IT Instrument Team (MIPS, IRS, IRAC)IUE International Ultraviolet Explorer (Almost dead now.)JPL Jet Propulsion LaboratoryLBNL Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryMDIRD Mission Data Interface Requirements Document (Who talks to whom?)MDS Mission Data SystemMGSOMIPS Multiband Imaging Photometer for SIRTF (The best of SIRTF)MIPS Multimission Image Processing System (Not related to SIRTF!!!)

MMNAVMOC Mission Operations CenterMOS Mission Operations SystemMRR Mission Requirements RequestMTF Modulation Transfer FunctionNASA National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNRAORR Observatory Requirements ReviewPCS Pointing Control System (What are we looking at? and When?)PDR Preliminary Design ReviewPI Principal InvestigatorPMDSRR Preliminary Mission Data System Requirements ReviewQA Quality AssuranceS/C (SIRTF without instruments and CTA)SAO Smithsonian Astrophysical ObservatorySBRC Santa Barbara Research CenterSCET Spacecraft Event TimeSCLK Spacecraft ClockSDT SIRTF Design TeamSIRTF Space Infrared Telescope FacilitySOC Science Operations Center (IPAC)SOESOS Science Operations SystemSOWG Science Operations Working GroupTBA To Be AnnouncedTBD To Be Determined, Delivered, Designed, Developed, ... (We don't know this yet.)TBR To Be ResolvedTMOD Telecommunication and Mission Operations Directorate (The antennae.)TXR TransmitterUC University of CaliforniaUC User CommunityUTCS Universal Time Coordinate System

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Leviton Manuf. - Newton’s Telecom DictionaryAATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode. ATM is a high band-width,low delay, packet-like switching and multiplexing tech-nique.Usable capacity is segmented into fixed-size cells,consisting of header and information fields.Attenuation The decrease in the power of a signal, lightbeam, or light wave. Measured in decibels. Opposite of gain.AWG American Wire Gauge. Standard measuring gauge fornon-ferrous conductors (i.e., non-iron and non-steel). Gauge isa measure of the diameter of the conductor (the thickness of thecable).

BBackbone Wiring The physical/electrical interconnectionsbetween telecommunications closets and equipment rooms.Cross-connect hardware and cabling in the Main and Interme-diateCross-Connects are considered part of the backbonewiring.Bandwidth The difference between the highest and thelowest frequencies of a transmission channel (path for infor-mationtransmission). Identifies the amount of data that can besent through a given channel. Measured in Hertz (Hz); higherbandwidth numbers mean higher data capacity.BICSI (Building Industry Consulting Service International)Bicsi is a non-profit industry association, concerned withpromoting correct methods for all aspects of the installation ofcommunications wiring.Bus A network topology in which nodes are connected to asingle cable with terminations at each end.

CChannel The end-to-end transmission path between twopoints at which application-specific equipment is connected.CO Central Office. Telephone company facility where sub-scribers’lines are joined to switching equipment for connectionto each other, locally and long distance. Sometimes the sameas the overseas term “public exchange”.Coaxial Cable A cable composed of an insulated centralconducting wire wrapped in another cylindrical conductor (theshield). The whole thing is usually wrapped in another insulat-inglayer and an outer protective layer. A coaxial cable hasgreat capacity to carry vast quantities of information. It istypically used in high-speed data and CATV applications.Compliance A wiring device that meets all characteristics ofa standard is said to be in compliance with that standard.Example: a data jack meeting all of the physical, electrical &transmission standards for TIA-568A Category 5 is compliantwith that standard. See also Device and Performance.Conductor Any substance, usually a wire or cable, that cancarry (i.e., offer a relatively small opposition to the passage of)an electrical current.Connecting Block Also called a terminal block, a punch-downblock, a quick-connect block, a crossconnect block. Aplastic block containing metal wiring terminals to establishconnections from one group of wires to another. Usually eachwire can be connected to several other wires in a bus orcommon arrangement. There are several types of connectingblocks: 66 clip, BIX, Krone, 110, etc. A connecting block hasinsulation displacement connections (IDCs), which means youdon’t have to remove insulation from around the wire conductorbefore you “punch it down” (terminate it).

Connector A device that connects wires or fibers in cable toequipment or other wires or fibers. Wire and optical connectorsmost often join transmission media to equipment or crossconnects. A connector at the end of a telephone cable or wireis used to join that cable to another cable with a matingconnector or to some other telecommunications device.Crossconnect Distribution system equipment used to ter-minateand administer communication circuits. In a wirecrossconnect, jumper wires or patch cords are used to makecircuit connections. In an optical crossconnect, fiber patchcords are used. The crossconnect is located in an equipmentroom, riser closet, or satellite closet.Crosstalk See Near-End Crosstalk.

DDaisy Chain In telecommunications, a wiring method whereeach telephone jack in a building is wired in series from theprevious jack. Daisy chain is NOT the preferred wiring method,since a break in the wiring would disable all jacks "downstream"from the break. See also Home Run.dB (Decibel). A dB is a unit of measure of signal strength,usually the relation between a transmitted signal and a stan-dardsignal source. Every 3 dB = 50% of signal strength, sotherefore a 6 dB loss = a loss of 75% of total signal strength.Demarcation Point The point of interconnection betweentelephone company facilities and your building wiring. Thedemarcation point ("demarc") shall be located on the subscriber’sside of the telephone company’s protector, or the equivalentthereof in cases where a protector is not required.Device As distinguished from equipment. In telecommuni-cations,a “device” is the physical interconnection outlet. Equip-ment(a computer, phone, fax machine, etc.) then plugs into thedevice. See also Equipment and Plug.Distribution Device A facility located within the dwellingunit for interconnection or cross connection.

A-1.Drop Wire Outside wire pair(s) from the telco plant (cable),to a house or building for connection to a protector.DTMF Acronym for Dual Tone, Multi-Frequency. See Tone Dial.

EElectromagnetic Interference (EMI) The interference insignal transmission or reception caused by the radiation ofelectrical and magnetic fields.Equipment As distinguished from Device. Telecommunica-tionsequipment (computers, phones, faxes, etc.) plug into thetelecommunications outlet or device. See also Device.Ethernet A local area network used for connecting comput-ers,printers, workstations, terminals, etc. within the same build-ing.Ethernet operates over twisted pair wire and over coaxialcable at speeds up to 10 Mbps. Ethernet LANs are beingpromoted by DEC, Intel and Xerox. Compare with Token Ring.

FFDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface. FDDI is a 100 Mbpsfiber optic LAN. It is an ANSI standard. It uses a “counter-rotated”Token ring topology. An FDDI LAN is typically knownas a “backbone” LAN. It is used for joining file servers togetherand for joining other LANs together.

G

Gain The increase in signaling power that occurs as thesignal is boosted by an electronic device. Measured indecibels (dB).

HHeadroom (also called Overhead or Margin) The numberof decibels by which a system exceeds the minimum definedrequirements. The benefit of headroom is that it reduces thebit-error rate (BER), and provides a performance 'safety net'to help ensure that current and future high speed applicationswill run at peak accuracy, efficiency and throughput.Home Run Phone system wiring where the individual cablesrun from each phone directly back to the central switchingequipment. Home run cabling can be thought of as “star”cabling. Every cable radiates out from the central equipment.All PBXs and virtually all key systems work on home run cabling.Some local area networks work on home run wiring. See alsoStar Wiring, Daisy Chain.Hub The point on a network where a bunch of circuits areconnected. Also, a switching node. In Local Area Networks, ahub is the core of a star as in ARCNET, StarLAN, Ethernet, andToken Ring. Hub hardware can be either active or passive.Wiring hubs are useful for their centralized management capa-bilitiesand for their ability to isolate nodes from disruption.Hybrid Connector A connector containing both optical fiberand electrical conductors.

IInsulation Displacement Connection (IDC) A type of wireA-2termination in which the wire is “punched down” into a metalholder which cuts into the insulation wire and makes contactwith the conductor, thus causing the electrical connection to bemade.IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame. A metal rack designedto connect cables and located in an equipment room or closet.Consists of components that provide the connection betweeninter-building cabling and the intra-building cabling, i.e. be-tweenthe Main Distribution Frame (MDF) and individual phonewiring. There’s usually a permanent, large cable running be-tweenthe MDF and IDF. The changes in wiring are done at theIDF. This saves confusion in wiring.IEEE 802.3 IEEE stands for the Institute of Electrical andElectronic Engineers, a publishing and standards-making bodyresponsible for many standards used in LANs, including the802 series. Ethernet and StarLan both follow the 802.3 stan-dard.Typically they transmit at 10 megabits per second. Thisis the most common local area network specification.Impedance The total opposition (i.e. resistance and reac-tance)a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current. It ismeasured in ohms, and the lower the ohmic value, the better thequality of the conductor.Interconnect 1. A circuit administration point, other than acrossconnect or an information outlet, that provides capability forrouting and rerouting circuits. It does not use patch cords orjumper wires, and typically is a jack-and-plug device used insmaller distribution arrangements or that connects circuits inlarge cables to those in smaller cables. 2. An InterconnectCompany is one which sells, installs, and maintains telephonesystems for end users, typically businesses.ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network. According to AT&T,today’s public switched phone network has many limitations;ISDN’s vision is to overcome these deficiencies.

JJack A receptacle used in conjunction with a plug to makeelectrical contact between communication circuits. Jacks andtheir associated plugs are used in a variety for connectinghardware applications including cross connects, interconnects,information outlets, and equipment connections. Jacks are usedto connect cords or lines to telephone systems. A jack is thefemale component of a plug/jack connector system, and may bestandard, modified, or keyed. See also Plug and RJ.

LLAN Local Area Network. A short distance network (typicallywithin a building or campus) used to link together computersand peripheral devices (such as printers) under some form ofstandard control.Link A transmission path between two points, not includingterminal equipment, work area cables and equipment cables.Loop 1. Typically a complete electrical circuit. 2. The loop isalso the pair of wires that winds its way from the central officeto the telephone set or system at the customer’s office, home orfactory (i.e., 'premises' in telephony terms)..

MMbps MegaBits Per Second. One million bits per second.MDF Main Distribution Frame. A wiring arrangement whichconnects the telephone lines coming from outside on one sideand the internal lines on the other. A main distribution frame mayalso carry protective devices as well as function as a centraltesting point.MHz MegaHertz. A unit of frequency denoting one millionHertz (i.e., 1,000,000 cycles per second).MMJ Modified Modular Jack. A six-wire modular jack withthe locking tab shifted off to the right hand side. Used in the DECwiring system.Modular Equipment is said to be modular when it is made of“plug-in units” which can be added together to make thesystem larger, improve the capabilities, or expand its size.Multimedia Applications that communicate information bymore than one means.

NNear-End Crosstalk (NEXT) Electrical noise coupled fromone pair of wires to another within a multi-pair cable.Network A network ties things together. Computer networksconnect all types of computers and computer- related things—terminals, printers, modems, door entry sensors, temperaturemonitors, etc. The networks we’re most familiar with are longdistance ones, like phones and trains. Local Area Networks(LANs) connect computer equipment within a building or campus.

OOff-Hook When the handset is lifted from its cradle, it’s off-hook.The term originated when the early handsets wereactually suspended from a metal hook on the phone. In modernphones, when the handset is removed from its hook or cradle,it completes the electrical loop, thus signaling the central officeto provide dial tone.On-Hook When the phone handset is resting in its cradle. Thephone is not connected to any particular line. Only the bell isactive—i.e., it will ring if a call comes in. Opposite of Off-Hook.Open (Fault) Means that the circuit is not complete or the

cable/fiber is broken.Outlet A telecommunications outlet is a single-piece cabletermination assembly (typically on the floor or in the wall),containing one or more modular telecom jacks. Such jacksmight be RJs, coaxial terminators, fiber optic couplers, etc. Seealso Device and Equipment.

PPart 68 Requirements Specifications established by theFCC as the minimum acceptable protection communicationsequipment must provide the telephone network.Patching A means of connecting circuits via cords andconnectors that can be easily disconnected and reconnectedat another point. May be accomplished by using modular cordsconnected between jack fields or by patch cord assembliesthat plug onto connecting blocks.PBX Private Branch Exchange. A small, privately-ownedversion of the phone company’s larger telephone centralswitching office.Performance Compare with Compliance. A device canexhibit performance characteristics without being compliant toan industry standard.Plug A male component of a plug/jack connector system. Inpremises wiring, a plug provides the means for a user toconnect communications equipment to the communicationsoutlet.Polarity Which side of an electrical circuit is the posi-tive?Which is the negative? Polarity is the term describingwhich is which.POTS Plain Old Telephone Service. The basic servicesupplying standard single line telephones, telephone linesand access to the public switched network. Just receive andplace calls. No added features like Call Waiting or CallForwarding.Power Sum A test method for four pair cable whereby themathematical sum of pair-to-pair crosstalk from three pairsto one pair is measured.Premises Telephony term for the space occupied by acustomer or authorized/joint user in a building(s) on continu-ousor contiguous property (except railroad rights of way,etc.) not separated by a public road or highway.Premises Wiring System The entire wiring system on theuser’s premises, especially the supporting wiring that con-nectsthe communications outlets to the network interface jack.

RRBOC Regional Bell Operating Company. Seven RBOCsexist, each of which owns two or more Bell Operating Com-panies(BOCs). The RBOCs were carved out of the old AT&T/Bell System during the divestiture of the Bell operatingcompanies from AT&T in 1984.RCDD The RCDD (Registered Communications Distri-butionDesigner) title is a professional rating granted byBICSI (the Building Industry Consulting Service Interna-tional).RCDDs have demonstrated a superior level of knowl-edgeof the telecommunications wiring industry and asso-ciateddisciplines.Return Loss A measure of the similarity of the impedanceof a transmission line and the impedance at its terminations.It is a ratio, expressed in decibels, of the power of theoutgoing signal to the power of the signal reflected back.Ring As in Tip and Ring. One of the two wires needed to setup a telephone connection. See Tip.RJ Registered Jack. RJs are telephone and data jacks/applications registered with the FCC. Numbers, like RJ-11,RJ-45, etc. are widely misused in the telecommunications

industry. A much more precise way to identify a jack is tospecify the number of positions (width of opening) andnumber of conductors. Example: "8-position, 8-conductorjack" or "6-position, 4-conductor jack"..

A-4SSeries Wiring See Daisy Chain.Service Loop When a device is terminated to the wire inthe communications outlet, a fair amount of “slack” shouldbe left on the wire and wound in the box to accommodatefuture trimming when devices are changed out.Splice The joining of two or more cables together byconnecting the conductors pair-to-pair.Standards Agreed principles of protocol. Standardsare set by committees working under various trade andinternational organizations.Star Wiring See Home Run.

TT1 A standard for digital transmission in NorthAmerica. A digital transmission link with a capacity of1.544 Mbps (1,544,000 bits per second.) T1 lines are usedfor connecting networks across remote distances. Bridgesand routers are used to connect LANs over T1 networks.Talk Battery The DC voltage supplied by the centraloffice to the subscriber’s loop so as to allow you to have avoice conversation.Telco An Americanism for TELephone COmpany.Ten Base-T See10Base-T at end of Glossary.Terminate To connect a wire conductor to something,typically a piece of equipment.Tip 1.Ê The first wire in a pair of wires. (The second wire iscalled the “ring” wire.) 2.Ê A conductor in a telephone cablepair which is usually connected to positive side of a batteryat the telco. It is the phone industry’s equivalent of Groundin a normal electrical circuit. See Ring.Tone Dial A push-button telephone dial that makes adifferent sound (in fact, a combination of two tones) foreach number pushed. The technically correct name fortone dial is Dual Tone Multi Frequency, or DTMF.Token Ring A ring topology for a local area network(LAN) in which a supervisory frame, or token, must bereceived by an attached terminal or workstation before thatterminal or workstation can start transmitting. The worksta-tionwith the token then transmits and uses the entirebandwidth of whatever communications media the tokenring network is using.A token ring can be wired as a circle or a star, with theworkstations wired to a central wiring center, or to multiplewiring centers. The most common wiring scheme is calleda star-wired ring. Whatever the wiring, a token ring LANalways works logically as a circle, with the token passingaround the circle from one workstation to another.The advantage of token ring LANs is that media faults(broken cable) can be fixed easily, since it’s easy to isolatethe faults. Token rings are typically installed in centralizedclosets, with loops snaking to served workstations.Topology As in network topology. The geometric physicalor electrical configuration describing a local communicationnetwork; the shape or arrangement of a system. The mostcommon topologies are the bus, ring and star.TP-PMD Twisted Pair - Physical Media Dependent.Technology under review by the ANSI X3T9.5 working groupthat allows 100 Mbps transmission over twisted-pair cable.Twisted Pair Two insulated copper wires twisted around

each other to reduce induction (thus interference) from onewire to the other. The twists, or lays, are varied in length toreduce the potential for signal interference between pairs.Several sets of twisted pair wires may be enclosed in a singlecable. In cables greater than 25 pairs, the twisted pairs aregrouped and bound together.

UUL Underwriters Laboratories, a privately owned companythat tests to make sure that products meet safety standards.UL also administers a program for the certification of Cat-egory-Rated Cable.USOC Universal Service Order Code. An old Bell systemterm identifying a particular service or equipment offeredunder tariff.UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair. See Twisted Pair.

WWorkstation The working area in a building required byone telecommunications user. Industry standards call for onevoice drop and one data drop for each workstation. The voicedrop is one 4-pair unshielded twisted pair (UTP). The datadrop may be 10���4-pair UTP, 15���2-pair shielded twistedpair (STP), or optical fiber.

10BASE-TAn IEEE standard for operating Ethernet local area networks(LANs) on twisted-pair cabling using the homerun method ofwiring (exactly the same as a phone system does), and awiring hub which will contain electronics performing similarfunctions to a telephone switch.The full name for the standard is IEEE 802.3 10Base-T. Itdefines the requirement for sending information at 10 millionbits per second on ordinary unshielded twisted-pair cablingand defines various aspects of running Ethernet on thiscabling, such as:• Connector types (typically eight-pin RJ-45)• Pin connections (1 and 2 for transmit, 3 and 6 for receive.100BASE-T Provides one gigabit per second ethernet over4 pair Category 5 cabling up to 100 meters.1000BASE-T Provides 100 mbps per second ethernet over2 pairs of Category 5 cabling up to 100 meters.

CATEGORY 5 APPLICATION SUMMARYThough not an actual application, Category 5 is a structured wiring system standard which many other applications andemerging standards require for proper operation.The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) established standards for building cabling with the publication of the TIA/EIA 568 Commercial Building Wiring Standard. Subsequently, the TIA issued TSB-36 and TSB-40 (Technical Service Bulletins)which defined the category rating system as it applies to UTP cabling and connectors. Category 5 extended the characteriza-tionof the wiring system to 100 MHz. The TIA has developed a revision of TIA/EIA-568 which incorporated the TSBs into themain body of the standard, now called TIA/EIA-568A. Leviton QuickPort ® and InfoTap ® Category 5 products fully meet therequirements of TIA/EIA-568A for category compliance.Note: For a fully TIA/ EIA-568A Category 5 compliant network system, all components must be rated Category 5 and be correctlyinstalled to either the T568A or T568B wiring scheme with all pairs terminated.

10BASE-T (ETHERNET) APPLICATION SUMMARYIEEE 802.3 defines the standard for 10Base-T (Ethernet) communications over unshielded twisted pair (UTP) for local areanetworks as both a physical link and a data link protocol. A minimum Category 3 cabling system must be installed to insure theproper operation of 10Base-T networks: most users now choose to upgrade their cabling infrastructure to higher levels ofperformance. The physical connection described in IEEE 802.3 for network connection is an 8-position modular jack (seediagram page C-1). Note that any system fully wired to either T568A or T568B wiring schemes will support10Base-T applications.

TOKEN RING APPLICATION SUMMARYIEEE 802.5 defines the Token Ring topology as a baseband network where a supervisory frame or token passes from PC to PC,allowing each PC in turn to transmit over the entire bandwidth of the network. The most common cabling scheme is a "star-wiredring" where each PC is connected in a star fashion to a centrally located MAU (Multistation Access Unit) which automati-cally"heals" the ring if one PC is turned off or its cable is broken. Operating at either 4 or 16 Mbps, it is common to useCategory 3 UTP at a minimum (for 4 Mbps Token Ring); UTP rated at least Category 4 is required for 16 Mbps Token Ring, withmost owners opting to upgrade to Category 5.

ATM (ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE) APPLICATION SUMMARYATM is a high-bandwidth, "high-speed" packet-like switching and multiplexing technique, initially proposed for data rates up to155 Mbps and higher. Data encoding methods allow higher data bit rates at lower frequencies (e.g. 155 Mbps can run over100Mhz rated cable.) The proposed cabling media are Category 3, Category 5 and multimode fiber. Category 5 cablingsystems are recommended as they will meet all UTP-based proposals emerging from the ATM Forum. (The ATM proposals arebeing developed by a forum of over 120 application/hardware suppliers.)

OTHER REFERENCE SOURCESANSI (American National Standards Institute)ASTM (American Society of Test Measurement)Bellcore• PUB 48007, Technical Reference, Inside WiringCable (3 to 125 Pair Sizes)BICSI (Building Industry Consulting ServicesInternational)8610 Hidden River ParkwayTampa, FL 33637-1000(800) 242-7405(813) 971-4311 (FAX)www.bicsi.orgCEDIA (Custom Electronic Design &Installation Association)(800) 669-5329www.cedia.comECSA (Exchange Carriers StandardsAssociation)• Report No.5, A Technical Report on Carrier toCustomer Installation Interface Connector WiringConfiguration CatalogEIA/CEMA (Electronic Industries Association)HAA (Home Automation Association)IBM• GA27-3773-1, IBM Cabling System TechnicalInterface Specification ICEA (Insulated Cable EngineersAssociation)• ICEA S-80-576, ICEA Standard for CommunicationsWire and Cable for Wiring of PremisesISO/IEC (International Organization forStandardization/International Electrotechnical Commission)• ISO 8877, Information Processing Systems, InterfaceConnector and Contact Assignments for ISDN BasicAccess Interface Located at Reference Points S and TITU/CCITT (International TelecommunicationsUnion/ International Telegraph and TelephoneConsultative Committee)• Blue BookORDERING INFORMATIONAmerican National Standards InstituteSales DepartmentAmerican National Standards Institute11 West 42nd St 13th FloorNew York, NY 10036Web Site: www.ansi.org(212) 642-4900(212) 302-1286 (FAX)American Society of Test Measurement (ASTM)

1916 Race StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103-1187(215) 299-5585(215) 977-9679 (FAX)BellcoreBellcore Customer Service8 Corporate PlacePiscataway, NJ 08854-4196Web Site: www.bellcore.org(800) 521-CORE (2673)(732) 336-2559 (FAX)Canadian Standards AssociationStandards SalesCanadian Standards Association178 Rexdale Blvd.Rexdale (Toronto), OntarioCanada M9W 1R3Web Site: www.csa.ca(416) 747-4044(416) 747-2475 (FAX)Department of Communications (Canada)See Canadian Standards AssociationCONTACTINFORMATION

For technical information, call 1 (800) 722-2082 • For product information, call 1 (800) 922-6229 • website: www.levitontelcom.com • e-mail: info@levitontelcom.com

Exchange Carriers Standards AssociationExchange Carriers Standards Association5430 Grosvenor LaneBethesda, MD 20814Federal Communications CommissionU.S. Government Printing OfficeSuperintendent of DocumentsMail Stop SSOPWashington, DC 20402-9328Web Site: www.fcc.gov(888) 225-5322(202) 418-0232 (FAX)Global Engineering(800) 854-7179 / (800) 624-3974Web Site: www.global.ihs.comGlobal Engineering18201B Mc Durmott WestIrvine, CA 92714(714) 474-3933(714) 474-4066 (FAX)Global Engineering15 Inverness Way EastEnglewood, CO 80112(303) 393-2573(303) 397-2740 (FAX)Global Engineering7730 Carondelet AvenueClayton, MO 63105(314) 726-0444(314) 726-6418 (FAX)Global Engineering1990 M Street N.W.Washington, DC 20036(202) 429-2860(202) 331-0960 (FAX)IBMIBM PublicationsP.O. Box 9046Boulder, CO 80301-9191(800) 879-2755(800) 284-4727 (FAX)Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IEEE Service Center445 Hoes LanePO Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331Web Site: www.ieee.org(800) 678-4333(732) 981-0027 (FAX)Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc.PO Box 440South Yarmouth, MA 02664Web Site: www.electricnet.com(508) 394-4424(508) 394-1194 (FAX)International Organization forStandardization/InternationalElectrotechnical CommissionSee Global Engineering or Phillips Business Info.International Telecommunications Union/International Telegraph and TelephoneConsultative CommitteeSee Global Engineering or Phillips Business Info.National Fire Protection AgencyNational Fire Protection AgencyBatterymarch ParkQuincy, MA 02269Web Site: www.opc.comPhillips Business Info.(Formerly Omnicom)1201 Seven Locks Road, Ste 300Potomac, MD 20854Web Site: www.phillips.com(301) 424-3338(800) 777-5006(301) 309-3847 (FAX)Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)See Global EngineeringUnderwriters LaboratoriesCorporate Progress333 Pfingsten RoadNorthbrook, IL 60062-2096Web Site: www.ul.com(847) 272-8800(847) 272-8129 (FAX)NOTES.==============================================================================InterNIC Information Services Hotline: 800-444-4345General Atomics (GA) Email: info@is.internic.netP.O. Box #85608 Phone: 619-455-4600San Diego, CA 92186-9784 FAX: 619-455-4640==============================================================================

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BABELA LISTING OF COMPUTER ORIENTED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

Date Updated: 10/20/93 Version 93C

AA Auto AnswerAAP Applications Access Point [DEC]AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support PackageAAT Average Access TimeABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculatingmachine that used vacuum tubes)ABEND Abnormal EndABI Application Binary InterfaceABIOS Advanced BIOSABS AbsoluteABT AbortAC Automatic Computer + Alternating CurrentACC AccumulatorACD Automated Call DistributionACE Advanced Computing Environment [SCO] +Adverse Channel Enhancements [Microcom] +* Automatic Computing EngineACF Access Control Field + Advanced Communications FunctionACIAS Automated Calibration Internal Analysis SystemACIS American Committee for Interoperable SystemsACK AcknowledgmentACL Access Control ListACM Association for Computing MachineryACMS Application Control Management SystemACP Ancillary Control Program + Auxillary Control ProcessACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service SystemACS Access + Access Control Set + Access Control System +Asynchronous Communication ServerACU Automatic Calling UnitA/D Analog to DigitalADA Automatic Data Acquisitions +(Programming Language named after Agusta Ada Lovelace)ADC Adaptive Data Compression (protocol) [Hayes] +Add with Carry + Analog to Digital ConverterADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control ProceduresADF Automatic Document Feed.ADF Adapter Description File (file name extension) [IBM]ADI AutoCad Device Interface (driver)ADL Address Data LatchADLAT Adaptive Lattice FilterADMD Administrative Management Domain [X.400].ADN Add In Utility (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]ADP Automatic Data ProcessingADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code ModulationADR AddressADS Application Development Solutions [AT&T] +Application Development System +Automatic Distribution SystemADSC Address Status ChangedADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, ReleaseADT Application Data TypesADU Automatic Dialing UnitAE Above or EqualAEB Analog Expansion Bus [Dialogic]AF Auxilary carry FlagAFC Automatic Font ChangeAFD Automatic File DistributionAFII Association for Font Information Interchange.AFM Adobe Font Metrics (file name extension) [Adobe Systems]

AGC Automatic Gain ControlAI Analog Input + Artificial IntelligenceAIA Applications Integration Architecture [DEC]AIIM Association for Information and Image ManagementAISB Association of Imaging Service BureausAISP Association of Information Systems ProfessionalsAIX Advanced Interactive Executive [IBM]ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuits + Automatic Level ControlALE Address Latch EnableALGOL Algorithmic Oriented Language (see IAL)ALR Advanced Logic Research, Inc.ALT Alternate (mode)ALU Arithmetic Logic UnitAMD Active Matrix Display + Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture [Everex Systems]AMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory AssistanceANCOVA Analysis of CovarianceANI Automatic Number IdentificationANOVA Analysis Of VarianceANSI American National Standards InstituteAO Analog OutputAOE Application Operating Environment [AT&T]AOS Add Or SubtractAP Adjunct Processor + Application ProcessorA/P Accounts PayableAPA Adaptive Packet Assembly +All Points Addressable +Arithmetic Processing AcceleratorAPAR Authorized Program Analysis Report [IBM]APAREN Address Parity Enable [IBM]APCUG Association of PC User GroupsAPI Application Program Interface +Application Programming InterfaceAPL A Programming Language (Mathematics)APM Advanced Power Management [IBM OS2].APP Application (file name extension) [R:Base]APPC Advanced Program-to-ProgramCommunication (protocol) [IBM]APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer InternetworkingAPPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking [IBM]APS Asynchronous Protocol SpecificationAPSE ADA Programming Support EnvironmentAPT Address Pass Through +Automatically Programmed ToolsA/R Accounts Receivable.ARC Archive (file name extension)ARCA Advanced RISC Computing ArchitectureARCnet Attached Resource Computer NetworkARL Adjusted Ring LengthARLL Advanced Run Length LimitedARM Asynchronous Response ModeARMA Association of Records Managers and AdministratorsARP Address Resolution Protocol [Novell]ARPA Advanced Research Projects AgencyARPL Adjust Requested Privilege LevelARTIC A Real-Time Interface Copressor [IBM]ARQ Automatic Repeat RequestARU Audio Response UnitASAP As Soon As Possible +Automatic Switching And ProcessingAS3AP ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable.ASC ASCII text (file name extension)ASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASIC Application-Specific Integrated CircuitASIT Advanced Security and Identification Technology

ASL Adaptive Speed Levelling.ASM Assembler Source Language (file name extension)ASP Association of Shareware ProfessionalsASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface [Adaptec]ASPS Advanced Signal Processing SystemASR Automatic Send-Receive + Automatic Speech RecognitionAST AST Research, Inc. (named from first initials of thefounders: Albert Wong, Safi Qureshey, Thomas Yuen)ASYNC AsynchronousAT Advanced Technology + AttentionATA AT Bus AttachmentATDP Attention Dial PulseATDT Attention Dial ToneATE Automated Test EquipmentATG Advanced Technology GroupATH Attention Hang-UpATM Adobe Typeface Manager + Asynchronous Transfer Mode +Automated Teller MachineATR Automatic Terminal RecognitionATS Administrative Terminal System +Apple Terminal ServicesAT&T American Telephone and TelegraphATTN AttentionATTRIB Attribute (also ATR)AUDIT Automated Data Input TerminalAUI Attached Unit InterfaceAUP Appropriate Use Policies [Internet]AUTO AutomaticAUX Auxiliary + (First Serial Port)AVA Audio Visual Authoring [IBM]AVC Audio Visual Connection [IBM]AVG AverageAVI Audio Visual Interleaved [Microsoft]AWG American Wire GageAX Architecture Extended + Automatic TransmissionBAK Binary Adaption Kit [Microsoft].BAK Backup (file name extension)BAL Basic Assembly LanguageBAM Boyan Action ModuleBARTS Bell Atlantic Regional Timesharing.BAS Basic Language (file name extension)BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction CodeBASM Built-In Assembler.BAT Batch Processing (file name extension)BBS Bulletin Board SystemBCD Binary Coded DecimalBCL Batch Command LanguageBCP Bulk Copy ProgramBCPL Basic Computer Programming LanguageBCR Byte Count RegisterBDOS Basic Disk Operating SystemBE Below or EqualBEL BellBELLCORE Bell Communications ResearchBERT Bit Error Rate Test/TesterBF Bad FlagB/F Background/ForegroundBFT Binary File TransferBGE Branch if Greater or Equal.BGI Borland Graphic Interface (file name extension)BGT Branch if Greater ThanBHI Branch if HigherBHIS Branch if Higher or SameBI Binary Input.BIB Bibliography (file name extension)

BIM Beginning of Information Marker.BIN Binary (file name extension)BINAC * Binary Automatic ComputerBIOS Basic Input/Output SystemBIS Business Information SystemBiSYNC (See BSYNC)BIT Binary DigitBITNET Because It's Time NetworkBIU Bus Interface UnitBIX Byte Information Exchange (BBS).BK! Backup (file name extension) [WordPerfect]BKSP BackspaceBL BacklitBLAST Blocked Asynchronous Transmission (protocol)[Communications Research Group].BLD BASIC Bload Graphics (file name extension)BLE Branch if Less or EqualBLK BlockBLMC Buried Logic MacrocellBLOB Binary Large ObjectBLOS Branch if Lower Or SameBMI Branch if MinusBMIC BusMaster Interface Controller [Intel]BMP Batch Message Processing Program.BMP Bitmap Graphics (file name extension) [Windows] [OS/2]BNE Branch if Not EqualBO Binary OutputBoB Break-out BoxBOM Beginning Of MessageBOOTP Bootstrap Protocol [Internet]BORPQU Borland Pro QuattroBORQU Borland QuattroBOS Basic Operating SystemBOT Beginning Of Table + Beginning of TapeBP Base PointerBPB BIOS Parameter BlockBPI Bits Per InchBPL Branch if PlusBPS Bits Per Second + Bytes Per SecondBR Bad RegisterBRI Basic Rate Interface + Brain Response InterfaceBSAM Basic Sequential Access MethodBSC Binary Synchronous Communication.BSC Boyan Script (file name extension) [Boyan Communications]BSCS Bachelor of Science (Degree) in Computer ScienceBSD Berkely Standard DistributionBSF Bit Scan ForwardBSI British Standards InstituteBSR Bit Scan ReverseBSV BASIC Bsave Graphics (file name extension)BSY BusyBSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications (protocol)BT Bit TestBTAM Basic Telecommunications Access Method [IBM]BTB Branch Target BufferBTC Bit Test and ComplementBTP Batch Transfer ProgramBTR Bit Test and ResetBTS Bit Test and SetBUF BufferBWM Block-Write ModeB2X Binary To Hexadecimal [REXX]BYTE Binary Element StringC C Programming Language.C C source code (file name extension) [C]

CA Collision AvoidanceCAD Computer Aided DesignCADD Computer Aided Design and DraftingCAE Common Applications Environment +Computer Aided EngineeringCAG Column Address GeneratorCAI Computer Aided InstructionCAL Calendar + Computer Aided LearningCAM Common Access Method + Computer Aided Manufacturing +Contents Addressable MemoryCAN CancelCAP Central Arbitration Point +Communication Application Platform +Computer Aided PublishingCAPD Computing To Assist Persons With Disabilities [JohnsHopkins University]CAPS Capitals (Upper Case Letters) +Cassette Programming SystemCAS Column Address Select +Communicating Applications Specification +Computer Aided StylingCASE Computer Aided Software EngineeringCASL Crosstalk Application Scripting Language [DCA]CASS Computer Assisted Search ServiceCASSIS Classified and Search Support Information SystemCAT Computer Aided Testing + Computer Aided Tomography +Computer Aided Transcription + Concatenate.CAT Catalog (file name extension)CATS Computer Assisted Training SystemCATV Community Antenna TelevisionCAV Constant Angular VelocityCBCR Channel Byte Count RegisterCBL Computer Based Learning.CBL COBOL source code (file name extension)CBT Computer Based TrainingCBW Convert Byte to WordCBX Computer-Controlled Branch ExchangeCC Cluster ControllerCCD Charged-Coupled DeviceCCFT Cold Cathode Fluorescent TubeCCITT Consultative Committee for InternationalTelegraph and TelephoneCCP Console Command ProcessorCCS Common Communications Support +Continuous Composite ServoCD Carrier Detect + Change Directory +Collision Detection + Color Display + Compact DiskC/D Control DataC2D Character To Decimal [REXX]CDA Compound Document Architecture [DEC]CDC Control Data CorporationCD_CHRDY Card Channel Ready [IBM]CDDI Copper Distributed Data InterfaceCDE Complex Data Entry.CDF Comma Delimited Format (file name extension)CD-I Compact Disk - InteractiveCDOS Concurrent Disk Operating SystemCDL Computer Design LanguageCDPD Cellular Digital Packet DataCD-RDx Compact Disk - Read Only Memory Data Exchange StandardCD-ROM Compact Disk - Read Only MemoryCDR Call Detail Record + Call Detail RecordingCDRL Contract Data Requirements ListCD-RTOS Compact Disk - Real Time Operating SystemCDS Current Directory Structure

CD-V Compact Disk - Video.CDX Compound Index (file name extension) [Fox Pro]CE Cache Enable + Chip Enable + Collision Elimination +Convert EnableCEG Continuous Edge GraphicsCEI Conducted Electromagnetic Interference.CFG Configuration (file name extension)CFV Call For Votes [Bitnet]CGA Color Graphics AdapterCGI Computer Generated Images +Computer Graphics Interface.CGM Computer Graphics Metafile (file name extension) +Graph (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]CHAP Challenge Authentication Protocol (protocol)CHAR CharacterCHCK Channel CheckCHCP Change Code Page [OS/2]CHGRP Change Group.CHK CHKDSK (file name extension)CHKDSK Check DiskCHMOD Change ModeCHOWN Change OwnerCHP ChapterCHR CharacterCICS/VS Customer Information Control System/Virtual Storage [IBM]CIM CompuServe Information Manager +Computer Integrated ManufacturingCIOCS Communication Input/Output Control SystemCIP Command Interface PortCIRC Circular ReferenceCIS CompuServe Information Service +Computer Information SystemsCISC Complex Instruction Set ComputingCIX Compulink Information ExchangeCKD Count Key Data (device)CLAR Channel Local Address RegisterCLC Clear Carry FlagCLD Clear Direction FlagCLI Call-Level Interface + Clear Interrupt Flag +Command Line InterfaceCLIST Command ListCLK ClockCLNP Connectionless Network Protocol.CLP Clipboard (file name extension) [Windows]CLS Clear ScreenCLTS Clear Task Switch FlagCLV Constant Linear VelocityCM Centimeter + Control Mark + Corrective MaintenanceCMA Concert Multi-thread ArchitectureCMC Communication Mangement Configuration +Complement Carry Flag.CMD Command (file name extension)CMIP Common Management Information ProtocolCMIS Common Management Information SystemCML Current Mode LogicCMMU Cache/Memory Management Unit [Motorola]CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide SemiconductorCMP Compare + ComputerCMPS Compare word StringCMS Code Management System + Compiler Monitor System +Conversation Monitor SystemCMY Cyan-Magenta-Yellow (color model)CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (color model)CNC Computerized Numerical Control

.CNF Configuration (file name extension)CNG Calling (tone)CNSS Core Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet]CNV Conventional (pertaining to Memory)CNVT ConvertCO Central Office + Command Output + Convert Out.COB COBAL source code (file name extension)COBOL Common Business-oriented Language (See HLL).COD Code List (file name extension)CODASYL * Conference on Data System Languages (Group thatdesigned COBOL)COEM Commercial Original Equipment ManufacturerCOGO Coordinate Geometry (Programming Language)COL Collision + Computer Oriented Language.COM Command (file name extension)COMDEX Computer Dealers ExpositionCOM1 First serial Port (asynchronous port)COM2 Second serial PortCOM3 Third serial PortCOM4 Fourth serial PortCOMP Compare + CommunicationsCOMSAT Communications Satellite CorporationCON Console (includes Keyboard and Screen)CONFIG ConfigurationCORBA Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCoREN Corporation for Research and Enterprise NetworkCOS Compatible Operating SystemCOSE Common Open Software EnvironmentCOSMOS Computer System for Mainframe OperationsCP Copy ProtectedCPA Certified Public AccountantCPE Central Processing Element +Customer Premise Equipment +Customer Provided EquipmentCPG Clock Pulse GeneratorCPI Characters Per Inch + Clock Per Instruction +Common Programming Interface [IBM].CPI Code Page Information (file name extension) [MS-DOS]CPI-C Common Programming Interface for Communications [IBM]CPL Current Privilege LevelCP/M Control Program for MicrocomputersCPS Characters Per Second + Cycles Per SecondCPT Command Pass ThroughCPU Central Processing UnitCR Carriage ReturnCRC Cyclic Redundancy Check.CRD Cardfile (file name extension)CREN Computer Research Education Network +Corporation for Research and Educational NetworkingCRF Cross Reference FileCR/LF Carriage Return/Line FeedCROM Control Read Only MemoryCRT Cathode Ray TubeCRTC CRT ControllerCS Chip Select + Clear to Send + Code SegmentCSAR Channel System Address RegisterCSD Corrective Service Diskette [IBM]CSG Constructive Solid Geometry +Consulting Services Group [Lotus]CSL Computer Sensitive LanguageCSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/with Collision DetectionCSNET Computer Science NetworkCSS * Continuous System Simulator (Language)CSP Commercial Subroutine Package +CompuCom Speed Protocol [CompuCom]

CSTA Computer-Supported Telephony ApplicationsCSU Channel Service UnitCSV Comma-Separated VariablesC&T Chips and TechnologiesCTOS Computerized Tomography Operating SystemCTPA Coax-to-Twisted-Pair AdapterCTRL ControlCTS Clear To SendCTSS * Compatible Time Sharing SystemCUA Common User Access [IBM]CUB Cursor BackwardCUD Cursor DownCUE Custom Updates and Extras (card) [Egghead Software]CUF Cursor ForwardCUI Common User Interface [IBM]CUP Cursor PositionCUPID Completely Universal Processor I/O Design [AST].CUR Cursor (file name extension)CUTE Clarkston University Terminal EmulatorCUU Cursor UpCVF Compressed Volume File [Microsoft]CVGA Color Video Gaphics ArrayCVIA Computer Virus Industry AssociationCVW CodeView for WindowsCWD Convert Word to Double WordCWIS Campus Wind Information Systems [Internet]C2X Character To Hexadecimal [REXX]CYL CylinderCYMK Cyan-Yellow-Magenta-Black (color model)D/A Digital to AnalogDAA Data Access Arrangement +Decimal Adjust for AdditionDAC Data Acquisition and Control +Digital to Analog ConverterDAL Data Access Language [Apple Computer] +Disk Access LockoutDAM Data Acquisition and MonitoringDAP Data Access Protocol [DEC]DARI Database Application Remote Interface [IBM]DAS Decimal Adjust for SubtractionDASD Direct Access Storage DeviceDAT Digital Audio Tape + Disk Array Technology.DAT Data (file name extension)DATACOM Data CommunicationsdB DecibelDB Data Base + Data BufferdBA Adjusted DecibelDBCS Double-Byte Character Set.DBF Database (file name extension)DBM Data Base ManagerDBMS Data Base Management SystemDBS Data Base ServerDB2 Database 2DC Data Collection + Data Communication + Data Control +Device Control + Direct CurrentD2C Decimal To Character [REXX]DCA Digital Communications Associates +Document Content ArchitectureDCAF Distributed Console Access Facility [IBM]DCB Disk Coprocessor Board [Novell]DCC Digital Compact Cassette + Display Combination CodeDCD Data Carrier DetectDCE Data Communications Equipment +Distributed Computing Environment [OSF] +Distributed Computing Equipment

DCF Data Communication Facility [IBM] +Data Compression Facility +Data Count Field [IBM] +Driver Configuration File [Lotus]DCL Declaration + DEC Command Language [DEC] +Device Clear + Digital Control Logic +Digital Command Language [Digital]DCS Data Collection System + Data Control System +Desktop Color SeparationDCT Discrete Cosine Transform.DCT Dictionary (file name extension)DD Day + Digital Display + Double DensityDDB Device Dependent BitmapDDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol [DEC]DDD Direct Distance DialingDDE Direct Data Entry + Dynamic Data Exchange [Microsoft]DDEML Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library [Microsoft]DDK Device Driver Kit [Microsoft Windows]DDL Data Definition Language + Data Description LanguageDDM Distributed Data ManagementDDS Dataphone Digital Service [AT&T] +Design Data Sheet + Digital Data StorageDEC Decrement + Device Clear +Digital Equipment Corporation.DEF Definitions + Defaults (file name extensions)DEL DeleteDELSTR Delete String [REXX].DEM Demonstration (file name extension)DES Data Encryption Standard + Data Entry Sheet.DES Description (file name extension)DET Device Execute TriggerDEV DeviceDF Data Field + Destination Field + Device Flag +Double FlagDFC Data Flow ControlDFS Distributed File SystemDFT Diagnostic Funtion Test + Discrete Fourier Transform +Distributed Function TerminalDFU Data File UtilityDGIS Direct Graphics Interface Standard.DHP Dr. Halo PIC (file name extension)DI Data In + Destination IndexDIA Document Interchange Architecture [IBM]DIB Device Independent BitmapDIBOL DEC Business Oriented Language.DIC Dictionary (file name extension)DID Direct Inward DialingDIF Data Interchange FormatDIFFSENS Differential SenseDIIP Direct Interrupt Identification PortDIN Deutsche Industrie Norm (German equivalent of EIA)DIO Data Input-OutputDIP Dual In-line Package + Dual In-line PinDIR Directory (file)DIS Dynamic Impedance Stabilization [CompuCom]DISP Displacement (offset)DIV DivideDIW D-Inside Wire [AT&T]DL DownloadDL/1 Data Manipulation Language 1 [IBM]DLC Data Link Control (protocol) [IBM]DLE Data Link EscapeDLL Dynamic Link LibraryDLM Dynamic Link ModuleDLR DOS LAN Requester

DMA Direct Memory Access/AddressingDMAC DMA ControllerDME Distributed Management EnvironmentDMI Desktop Mangement InterfaceDML Data Manipulation LanguageDMM Digital MultimeterDMMS Dynamic Memory Management SystemDMOS Double-diffused Metal-Oxide SemiconductorDMP Dot Matrix PrinterDMQS Display Mode Query and Set [IBM]DMS Data Management Software + Data Management SystemDMSD Digital Multistandard DecodingDMTF Desktop Management Task ForceDMY Day Month YearDN DownDNC Direct Numerical ControlDNIS Dialed Number Identification ServiceDNS Domain Naming SystemDO Data Out.DOC Document + Documentation (file name extensions)DOS Disk Operating SystemDOSEM DOS EmulationDOW Day Of WeekDP Data ProcessingDPA Demand Protocol Architecture [3Com]DPAREN Data Parity Enable [IBM]DPB Drive Parameter BlockDPC Direct Program ControlDPI Dots Per InchDPL Descriptor Privilege LevelDPM Digital Panel MeterDPMA Data Processing Management AssociationDPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface [Microsoft]DPO Data Phase OptimizationDPSK Differential Phase Shift KeyingDPtoTP Display Coordinates to Tablet Coordinates(converting)DQL DataEase Query Language [DataEase International]DR Data ReceivedD/R Direct or ReverseDRAM Dynamic Random Access MemoryDRAW Direct Read After WriteDRDA Distributed Relational Data Architecture [IBM]DRDW Direct Read During WriteDRI Digital Research IncorporatedDRO Data Request Output + Destructive Read-Out.DRS WordPerfect Driver Resource (file name extension)DRV Drive.DRV Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DVR).DRW Draw + Drawing (file name extensions)DS Data Segment + Data Send + Data Server + Double SidedDSDD Double Sided, Double Density (diskette)DSE Data Storage EquipmentDSEA Display Station Emulation AdapterDSECT Dummy Control SectionDSHD Double Sided, High Density (diskette)DSIS Distributed Support Information StandardDSL Dynamic Simulation LanguageDSP Digital Signal Processing +Digital Signal ProcessorDSQD Double Sided, Quad Density (diskette)DSR Data Set Ready + Device Status Register +Device Status ReportDSS Decision Support SystemDSTN Double Supertwisted Nematic

DSU Digital Service UnitDSW Data Status Word + Device Status WordD2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (printing)DTA Disk Transfer Area.DTA Data (file name extension)DTD Document Type DefinitionDTE Data Terminal Equipment + Dumb Terminal EmulatorDTL Diode-Transistor LogicDTMF Data Tone Multiple Frequency + Dual Tone MultifrequencyDTP Desktop PublishingDTR Data Terminal Ready + Data Transfer RateDU Disk UsageDUAT Direct User Access Terminal.DV DESQview Script (file name extension)DVI Digital Video Interactive.DVR Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DRV)DWG DrawingD2X Decimal To Hexadecimal [REXX].DXB Drawing Interchange Binary (file name extension)[AutoCAD]DXC Data Exchange ControlDXF Drawing Interchange FormatEA Extended Attribute [OS/2]EARN European Academic Research NetworkEAROM Electrically Alterable Read Only MemoryEARS Electronic Access to Reference ServicesEATA Enhanced AT Bus AttachmentEBC EISA Bus ControllerEBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code [IBM]EBI Equivalent Background Input +Extended Background InvestigationEBT Electronic Benefits TransferECAL Enjoy Computing And LearnECC Error Check Code + Error Checking and Correction +Error Correction CodeECD Enhanced Color DisplayECL Emitter Coupled LogicECMA European Computer Manufacturers AssociationECP Enhanced Capabilities Port [Microsoft]ECTL Electronic Communal Temporal LobeED Erase DisplayEDA Embedded Document Architecture [Go Corporation]EDC Enhanced Data Correction +Error Detection and CorrectionEDDC Extended Distance Data CableEDI Electronic Data Interchange +Electronic Document Interchange [DEC]EDIFACT EDI for Administration Commerce and TransportEDLC Ethernet Data Link ControlEDLIN Editor (Line Text)EDOS Enhanced DOS for WindowsEDP Electronic Data ProcessingEDPM Electronic Data Processing MachineEDSAC * Electronic Delay Storage Automatic ComputerEDSI Enhanced Small Device InterfaceEDVAC * Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer(First stored-program digital computer)EEC Extended Error CorrectionEEG ElectroencephalogramEEM Extended Memory ManagementEEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory SpecificationEEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only MemoryEFA Extended File AttributeEFF Electronic Frontier FoundationEFI Electromechanical Frequency Interference +

Electronics For ImagingEFL Emitter Follower LogicEFTS Electronic Funds Transfer SystemEGA Enhanced Graphics AdapterEIA Electronic Industries AssociationEIS Executive Information SystemEISA Extended Industry Standard ArchitectureEL Electroluminescent (display) + Erase LineELF Extremely Low FrequencyELS Entry Level SystemEM Electronic Mail + Expanded MemoryEMA Enterprise Management ArchitectureE-MAIL Electronic MailEMB Extended Memory Block [LIM/AST]EMBARC Electronic Mail Broadcast to a Roaming Computer [Motorola]EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility + Extended Math CoprocessorEMI Electromagnetic Interference.EML Electronic Mail (file name extension)EMM Expanded Memory ManagerEMR Electro-Magnetic RadiationEMS Electronic Mail System + Electronic Message Service +Expanded Memory Specification [LIM].ENC Encoded (file name extension)ENDS Ends SegmentENIAC * Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer(First fully electronic digital computer)ENQ EnquiryENSS Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet]EOA End of AddressEOB End of BlockEOC End of ConversionEOF End of FileEOI End or IdentifyEOJ End of JobEOL End of Line + End of ListEOM End of MessageEOR Exclusive OR (Also XOR)EOS End of StringEOT End Of Table + End of Tape (marker) + End of Text +End of TransmissionEPL Effective Privilege LevelEPLD Electrically Programmable Logic DeviceEPM Enhanced Editor for Presentation Manager [IBM]EPP Enhanced Parallel PortEPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory +Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.EPS Encapsulated PostScript (file name extension)EPSF Encapsulated PostScript FilesERAS Electronic Routing and Approval System [Hughes Aircraft]ERLL Enhanced Run Length LimitedEROM Erasable Read Only MemoryERR ErrorES Extra SegmentESA European Space AgencyESC EscapeESCON Enterprise System Connection (Architecture) [IBM]ESD Electronic Software Distribution +Electrostatic DischargeESDI Enhanced Small Device InterfaceESI Enhanced Serial Interface (specification) [Hayes]ESP Emulation Sensing Processor +Enhanced Serial Port [Hayes]ESS Electronic Switching SystemESU Electro-Static UnitETANN Electrically Trainable Analog Neural

Network (chip) [Intel]ETB End of Transmission BlockETPL Endorsed Tempest Products ListETS Econometric Time SeriesETX End of TextEU Execution UnitEVE Extensible VAX EditorEVGA Extended Video Graphics Array +Extended Video Graphics AdapterEWS Employee Written Software [IBM].EXE Executable (file name extension)EXE2BIN Program used to convert an (.EXE) file to binaryformat (.COM) fileEXP ExponentEXT ExternalEXTRN External ReferenceFAB Computer-Chip Fabrication PlantFAC File Access CodeFAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOSFAP File Access ProtocolFAQ Frequently Asked QuestionFAT File Allocation TableFAX Facsimile.FAX Fax (file name extension)FCB File Control BlockFCC Federal Communications CommissionFCI Flux Changes per InchFD Floppy Disk + Full DuplexFDC Floppy Disk ControllerFDDI Fiber Digital Device Interface +Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceFDISK Fixed DiskFDM Frequency-Division MultiplexingFDX Full DuplexFEFO First-Ended, First-OutFEP Front End ProcessorFESDK Far East Software Development Kit [Microsoft]FET Field Effect TransistorFF Flip-Flop + Form FeedFFT Fast Fourier TransformFIF Fractal Image FormatFIFO First-In, First-OutFILO First-In, Last-OutFIP File Processor BufferingFIR Finite Impulse ResponseFLC Ferro-electric Liquid CrystalFLD FieldFLL FoxPro Link Library [Microsoft Fox Pro]FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per SecondFMS Forms Management SystemFMT FormatFNT FontFOCUS Forum of Control Data UsersFOG First Osborne GroupFOIRL Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link [IEEE].FON Font + Phone + Phone Directory (all file nameextensions).FOR FORTRAN source code (file name extension)FORTH (Programming Language)(See HLL)FORTRAN Formula Translator (Programming Language)(See HLL)FOSE Federal Office Systems ExpositionFOSSIL Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard Interface LayerFPGA Field Programmable Gate-ArrayFPLA Field Programmable Logic-ArrayFPP Fixed Path Protocol + Floating Point Processor

FPS Frames Per SecondFPU Floating Point Processor UnitFQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name [Internet]FRAG Fragment + FragmentationFRAM Ferroelectric Random-Access MemoryFRED Frame EditorFRPI Flux Reversals Per Inch.FRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension)FSD File System Driver [OS/2]FSK Frequency Shift KeyingF/T Full TimeFTAM File Transfer, Access and Management +File Transfer and Access MethodFTP File Transfer Protocol [Internet]FTS Federal Telecommunication SystemFUI File Update InformationFUNC FunctionFVT Full Video TranslationGA General AvailabilityGAAP Generally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesGAL Generic Array LogicGb Gigabit (1,000 megabits) +(One Billion Bits of Information)GB Gigabyte (1,000 megabytes) +(One Billion Characters of Information)GCR Group Code RecordingGDA Global Data AreaGDDM Graphics Data Display ManagerGDI Graphics Device InterfaceGDT Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing +Global Descriptor TableGEM Graphics Environment Manager (DRI Program)GENIE General Electric Network forInformation ExchangeGEOS Graphic Environment Operating System [Geoworks]GET Get Execute TriggerGHZ Gigahertz.GIF Graphic Interchange Format (file name extension)GIGO Garbage In, Garbage OutGIS Geographical Information SystemGIX Global Internet Exchange [Internet]GKS Graphical Kernal SystemG/L General LedgerGLM General Linear Models.GLY Glossary (file name extension) [Microsoft Word]GMS Global Messaging Service [Novell]GMT Greenwich Mean TimeGND System GroundGNU Gnu's Not Unix (operating system)GOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection ProfileGP Gas Plasma + General PurposeGPF General Protection FaultGPI Graphics Programming InterfaceGPIB General Purpose Interface BusGPS Global Positioning SystemGPSS * General Purpose Systems Simulator (language)GRE Graphics Engine.GRF Graph (file name extension).GRP Group (file name extension)GUI Graphical User InterfaceGW-BASIC Gee Whiz BASIC.H Header (file name extension) [C]HACMP High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing [IBM]HAL Hard Array Logic + House Programmed Array LogicHAL * Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic (computer)

[from 1968 movie "2001: A Space Odyssey"]HASP Houston Automatic Spooling Priority (System)HBA Host Bus AdapterHD Hard Disk + High DensityHDA Head Disk AssemblyHDCD High Definition Compatible DigitalHDI Head to Disk InterferenceHDLC High-Level Data Link ControlHDR HeaderHDSC High Density Signal Carrier [DEC]HDSL High-rate Digital Subscriber LinkHDTV High Definition TelevisionHDW HardwareHDX Half DuplexHERC HerculesHEX HexadecimalHGA Hercules Graphics AdapterHGCP Hercules Graphics Card PlusHH HourHIFD High-Density Floppy DiskHIL Human Interface Link [HP]HLCO High Low Close OpenHLL High Level LanguageHLLAPI High Level Language Application Programming Interface.HLP Help (file name extension)HLQ High Level QualifierHLS Hue, Luminance, Saturation (color model)HLT HaltHMA High Memory Area [Microsoft] +Hub Management ArchitectureHMOS High Density Metal Oxide Semiconductor +High Speed Metal Oxide SemiconductorHP Hewlett-Packard (Company)HPCC High Performance Computing and CommunicationsHPDJ Hewlett-Packard Desk JetHPFS High-Performance File SystemHPG Hewlett-Packard GraphicsHPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics LanguageHPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface BusHPLJ Hewlett-Packard Laser JetHPPA Hewlett-Packard Precision ArchitectureHPPI High Performance Parallel InterfaceHRIS Human Resource Information SystemHRG High Resolution GraphicsHRMS Human Resource Management SystemHS High SpeedHSC High Speed ChannelHSP High Speed PrinterHST High Speed Technology [U.S. Robotics].HST History + Host (file name extensions)HSV Hue Saturation ValueHUT Hopkins Ultraviolet TelescopeH/V Horizontal/VerticalHVP Horizontal & Vertical PositionH/W HardwareHWCP Hardware Code PageHWD Height-Width-Depth.HYP Hyphenation (file name extension)Hz HertzIAB Internet Activities Board [Internet]IAL * International Algebraic Language(ALGOL was first called IAL)IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [Internet]IAT Import Address TableIBC Instrument Bus Computer

IBM International Business Machines (Corporation)IBM-GL IBM Graphics LanguageIC Input Circuit + Integrated Circuit + Interrupt ControllerICA Intra-application Communications AreaICAS Intel Communicating Applications SpecificationsICCP Institute for the Certification of Computer ProfessionalsICE In-Circuit Emulator [Intel]ICL Interface ClearICMP Internet Control Message Protocol [Novell].ICO Icon (file name extension)iCOMP Intel Comparative Microprocessor (index) [Intel]ICP Integrated Channel ProcessorICR Intelligent Character RecognitionICS Intuitive Command StructureID Identification + IdentifierIDA Integrated Digital Access + Intelligent Disk Array +Intelligent Drive ArrayIDAPI Integrated Database Application Programming InterfaceIDE Imbedded Drive Electronics +Integrated Development Environment [Borlund] +Integrated Drive Electronics +Intelligent Drive Electronics +Interactive Design and Engineering +Interface Design EnhancementIDF Intermediate Distribution FrameIDIV Integer DivideIDMS Integrated Data Base Management SystemIDP Integrated Data ProcessingIDT Interrupt Descriptor Table.IDX Index (file name extension)IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIEF Information Engineering FacilityIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceI/F InterfaceIFD Image File DirectoryIFG Incoming Fax GatewayIFS Installable File System [OS/2]IGA Integrated Graphics ArrayIGC Integrated Graphics ControllerIIF Immediate IFIIR Immediate Impulse ResponseIMDS Image Data Stream (format) [IBM]IMG ImageIMP Interface Message ProcessorIMPA Intelligent Multi-Port Adapter [DCA]IMS Information Management System +Intermediate Maintenance StandardsIMUL Integer MultiplyIN InputINC Increment.INF Information (file name extension).INI Initialize (file name extension)INIT InitializeINM Integrated Network ManagementINS Input StringINT Integer + Internal + InterruptINTA Interrupt AcknowledgeINTO Interrupt if Overflow occursI/O Input/OutputIOCS Input/Output Control SystemIOCTL Input/Output ControlIOPL Input/Output Priviledge LevelIOSGA Input/Output Support Gate ArrayIP Instruction Pointer + Internet ProtocolIPC Instructions Per Clock + Interprocess Communication

IPF Information Presentation FacilityIPL Initial Program Load + Initial Program LoaderIPL * Information Programming LanguageIPM Interpersonal MessageIPSE Integrated Project Support EnvironmentIPX Internetwork Packet Exchange [Novell]IQL Interactive Query LanguageIRC Internet Relay Chat [Internet]IRET Interrupt ReturnIRL Interactive Reader Language + Inter-Repeater LinkIRLED Infrared Light Emitting DiodeIRM Information Resource ManagementIRQ Interrupt RequestIRX Information Retrieval ExperimentIS Information System + Interrupt StatusISA Industry Standard ArchitectureISAM Indexed Sequential-Access Management/MethodISC Instruction Set ComputerISD Image Section Descriptor +Instructional Systems DesignISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISI Internally Specified IndexISIS Integrated Systems and Information ServicesISL Interactive System LanguageISO/OSI International Standards Organization/Open SystemsInterconnection (model)ISP Internet Service Provider [Internet] +Interrupt Stack Pointer + Interrupt Status PortISPF Interactive System Programming FacilityISR Information Storage and Retrieval +Interrupt Service RoutineISV Independent Software VendorITB Information Technology Branch + Intermediate Text BlockITC International Typeface CorporationITU International Telecommunication UnionITUG International Telecommunications User GroupITV Interactive TelevisionITX Intermediate Text BlockIVIS Interactive Video Information SystemIVR Interactive Voice ResponseIVS Interactive Videodisk SystemIVT Interrupt Vector TableIV&V Independent Verification & ValidationJA Jump Address + Jump if AboveJAD Joint Application DesignJAE Jump if Above or EqualJANET Joint Academic NetworkJBE Jump if Below or EqualJC Jump if Carry setJCL Job Control LanguageJE Jump if EqualJEDEC Joint Electronic Devices Engineering CouncilJEIDA Japanese Electronics Industry Development AssociationJES Job Entry SystemJFET Junction Field Effect TransistorJG Jump if GreaterJGE Jump if Greater or EqualJL Jump if LessJLE Jump if Less than or Equal toJMP JumpJNA Jump if Not AboveJNAE Jump if Not Above or EqualJNB Jump if Not BelowJNBE Jump if Not Below or EqualJNG Jump if Not Greater

JNGE Jump if Not Greater or Equal.JNK Junk (file name extension)JNLE Jump if Not Less or EqualJNO Jump if No OverflowJNP Jump if No ParityJNS Jump if No SignJPE Jump if Parity EvenJPEG Joint Photographic Experts GroupJPL Jet Propulsion LaboratoryJPO Jump if Parity OddJS Jump if SignJZ Jump if ZeroJNZ Jump if Not ZeroKB Keyboard + Kilobyte (1,024 bytes)KBD Keyboard (also KEYB)KBD$ Keyboard [OS/2]Kbit KilobitKBPS Kilo-Bytes Per SecondKDT Key Definition TableKEYBBE Foreign language KEYBoard program - BelgiumKEYBBR Foreign language KEYBoard program - BrazilKEYBCF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Canadian-FrenchKEYBCZ Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia(Czech)KEYBDF Foreign language KEYBoard program - DenmarkKEYBFR Foreign language KEYBoard program - FranceKEYBGR Foreign language KEYBoard program - GermanyKEYBHU Foreign language KEYBoard program - HungaryKEYBIT Foreign language KEYBoard program - ItalyKEYBLA Foreign language KEYBoard program - Latin AmericaKEYBNL Foreign language KEYBoard program - NetherlandsKEYBNO Foreign language KEYBoard program - NorwayKEYBPL Foreign language KEYBoard program - PolandKEYBPO Foreign language KEYBoard program - PortugalKEYBSF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-FrenchKEYBSG Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-GermanKEYBSL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia(Slovak)KEYBSP Foreign language KEYBoard program - SpainKEYBSU Foreign language KEYBoard program - FinlandKEYBSV Foreign language KEYBoard program - SwedenKEYBUK Foreign language KEYBoard program - United KingdomKEYBUS Foreign language KEYBoard program - United StatesKEYBYU Foreign language KEYBoard program - YugoslaviakHz KilohertzKSR Keyboard Send ReceiveKRS Knowledge Retrieval SystemLADDR Layered Device Driver Architecture [Microsoft]LALL Longest Allowed Lobe LengthLAN Local Area NetworkLAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced (protocol)LAPD Link Access Procedure Direct (protocol)LAPM Link Access Procedure for ModemsLAR Load Access RightsLASTport Local Area Storage Transport (protocol) [DEC]LAT Local Area Transport [DEC]LAWN Local Area Wireless NetworkLB Left Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse)LBL LabelLBR Librarian.LBR Library (file name extension)LBT Listen Before TalkLCC Leadless Chip CarrierLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayLCK Library Construction Kit [Mircrosoft FoxPro]

LCP Link Control Protocol (protocol)LCU Last Cluster UsedLDA Logical Device AddressLDC Lotus Development CorporationLDM Long Distance ModemLDT Local Descriptor TableLE Less or EqualLEA Load Effective AddressLED Light Emitting DiodeLEM Language Extension ModuleLEN Low Entry Networking.LET Letter (file name extension)LEX LexiconLF Line FeedLFI Last File IndicatorLFU Least Frequently UsedLGDT Load Global Descriptor Table.LIB Library (file name extension)LICS Lotus International Character Set [LDC]LIDT Load Interrupt Descriptor TableLIEP Large Internet Exchange Packet [Novell]LIF Low Insertion ForceLIFO Last In, First OutLILO Last In, Last OutLIM Lotus/Intel/MicrosoftLIMA Lotus/Intel/Microsoft/ASTLIMS Library Information Management SystemLIPS Logical Inferences Per SecondLISP List Processing (Language)(See HLL)LLC Logical Link ControlLLDT Load Local Descriptor TableLMBCS Lotus Multibyte Character Set [Lotus]LMI Local Management InterfaceLMSW Load Machine Status WordLM/X LAN Manager for UnixLN Logarithm (Natural)LNDI Lotus Notes:Document ImagingLOC Loop On-Line ControlLOCIS Library of Congress Information SystemLODSB Load String ByteLOG Logarithm (Base 10)LOGO (Programming Language)(See HLL)LOOPE Loop while EqualLOOPNE Loop while Not EqualLOOPNZ Loop while Not ZeroLOOPZ Loop while ZeroLORE Line Oriented EditorLPD Line Printer Daemon (protocol) [Berkley]LPI Lines Per InchLPL Lotus Programming Language [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]LPM Lines Per MinuteLPN Logical Page NumberLPS Low-Power SchottkyLPT Line PrinterLPT1 First Parallel Printer PortLPT2 Second Parallel Printer PortLPT3 Third Parallel Printer PortLQ Letter QualityLQM Link Quality Monitoring (protocol)LRC Local Register Cache +Longitudinal Redundancy CheckLRI Least Recently LoadedLRS Language Resource (file name extension) [WordPerfect]LRU Least Recently UsedLSA Line Sharing Adapter

LSB Least Significant BitLSC Least Significant CharacterLSD Least Significant DigitLSI Large Scale IntegrationLSL Load Segment LimitLST ListLST List (file name extension)LTR Letter + Load Task RegisterLU Logical Unit (Also LUN)LUT Lookup TableLZ Lazy WriteLZW Lempel-Ziv-Walsh (algorithm)mA MilliampereMAC Media/Medium Access ControlMAC MacPaint (file name extension) +Macro (file name extension)MACH Multilayer Actuator Head [Epson]mAh Milliampere-Hour.MAI Mail (file name extension)MAN Manual + Metropolitan Area NetworkMAP Maintenance Analysis Procedures +Manufacturing Automation Protocol +Memory Allocation Map.MAP Linker Map (file name extension)MAPI Mail/Messaging Applications ProgrammingInterface [Microsoft]MAPICS Manufacturing, Accounting and ProductionInformation Control System [IBM]MASM Macro Assembler [Microsoft]MASS Maximum Availability and SupportSubsystem [Parallan]MAU Media Access Unit + Multistation Access UnitMAVDM Multiple Application VDMMAX MaximumMB Megabyte (1,000 kilobytes) +Middle Button (of 3 button Mouse)MBASIC Microsoft BASIC [Microsoft]MBPS Megabytes Per SecondMBR Master Boot RecordMBX MailboxMCA Micro Channel Architecture [IBM]MCB Memory Control BlockMCGA Multicolor Graphics ArrayMCI Media Control Interface [Microsoft]MCL Microsoft Compatibility Labs [Microsoft]MCU Multi-Chip Unit [DEC]MD Make Directory + Monochrome DisplayMDA Monochrome Display AdapterMDF Menu Definition File (file name extension)MDI Multiple Document InterfaceMDIC Manchester Decoder and Interface Chip [AT&T]MDK Multimedia Developers Kit [Microsoft]MDR Minimum Design RequirementMDY Month Day YearME Opening Information (file name extension) (As in READ.ME)MEB Memory Expansion BoardMEG MegabyteMEN Menu (file name extension)MESI Modified Exclusive Shared and Invalid (protocol)MFFS Microsoft Flash File System [Microsoft]MFLOPS Million Floating Point Operations Per SecondMFM Modified Frequency ModulationMFP Multifunction PeripheralMFS Magnetic Tape Field Search +Modified Filing System [Revelation Technologies]

MFT Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of TasksMGA Monochrome Graphics AdapterMGE Modular GIS EnvironmentMGR ManagerMHS Message Handling Service + Message Handling SystemMHz MegahertzMIB Management Information BaseMICS Macro Interpretive CommandsMIDI Musical Instrument Digital InterfaceMIF Management Information FormatMII Microsoft/IBM/IntelMIL Machine Interface Layer [Go Corporation]MIM Metal-Insulator-Metal (screen)MIMD Multiple Instruction Multiple Data Stream (processor)MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension [Internet]MIN MinimumMIPS Million Instructions Per SecondMIS Management Information SystemMISC MiscellaneousMIX Member Information ExchangeMKDIR Make DirectoryML Machine LanguageMM Minutes + MonthMMA Microcomputer Managers AssociationMMC Matched Memory Cycle + Microcomputer Marketing CouncilMMIS Materials Manager Information SystemMMPM Multi Media Presentation ManagerMMU Memory Management UnitMNOS Metal Nitride Oxide SemiconductorMNP Microcom Networking Protocol [Microcom].MNU Menu (fine name extension)MO Magneto-Optical (disk drive)MODEM Modulator DemodulatorMOHLL Machine Oriented High Level LanguageMOV Metal Oxide Varistor + MoveMOVS Move StringMOD Modem + ModulusMOP Maintenance Operations ProtocolMOS Metal Oxide SemiconductorMOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect TransistorMOV MoveMOVS Move StringMP Multiple ProcessorsMPC Multimedia Personal ComputerMPCS Mission Planning and Control Station (Software)MPEG Moving Picture Experts GroupMPP Massively Parallel Processing +Message Processing ProgramMPR Multipart RepeaterMPU Microprocessor UnitMR Modem ReadyMRCF Microsoft Realtime Compression FormatMRCI Microsoft Realtime Compression InterfaceMRI Magnetic Resonance ImagingMRO Multi-Region OperationMRP Materials Requirement PlanningMRPL Main Ring Path LengthMRT Mean Repair TimeMS Memory System + Message Store + Microsecond +Microsoft Corporation + MillisecondMSAV Microsoft Anti VirusMSB Most Significant BitMSCDEX Microsoft CD Extensions [Microsoft]MSD Mass Storage Device + Most Significant DigitMS-DOS Microsoft-Disk Operating System [Microsoft]

MSDR Multiplexed Streaming Data RequestMSDS Microsoft Developer Support [Microsoft]MSG Message.MSG Program Message (file name extension)MSI Medium Scale IntegrationMSL Map Specification Library.MSP Microsoft Paint (file name extension) [Microsoft]MSW Machine Status WordMTA Message Transfer Agent + Multiple Terminal AccessMTBB Mean Time Between BreakdownsMTBF Mean Time Before Failure + Mean Time Between FailuresMTBJ Mean Time Between JamsMTS Message Transfer Service/System +Multichannel Television SoundMTTF Mean Time To FailureMTTR Mean Time To RepairMUL MultiplyMUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital UtilityMulti-Programming System (Programming Language)MUX MultiplexermV MillivoltMVB Multimedia Viewer BookMVC Multimedia Viewer CompilerMVDM Multiple Virtual DOS MachinesMVGA Monochrome Video Graphics ArrayMVS Multiple Virtual StorageMVT Multiprogramming with a Variable number of TasksMX Mail Exchanger [Internet]NACD National Association of Computer DealersNACS National Advisory Committee on SemiconductorsNAE Not Above or EqualNAK Negative AcknowledgmentNAPLPS North American Presentation Level ProtocolSyntax (graphics)NAS Network Application Support [DEC]NASA National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASI NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface [Novell]NAU Network Addressable UnitNBE Not Below or EqualNBI Nothing But InitialsNBS National Bureau of StandardsNC No Carry + Numerical ControlNCA Network Communications AdapterNCC Network Control CenterNCGA National Computer Graphics AssociationNCIC National Crime Information CenterNCMT * Numerical Control for Machine ToolsNCP NetWare Core Protocol + Network Control Processor +Network Control Program + Not Copy ProtectedNCR National Cash Register (Company)NCSI Network Communications Services Interface [Novell]NDEF Not to be DefinedNDIS Network Driver Interface SpecificationNDP Numeric Data ProcessorNDRO Non-Destructive Read Out.NDX Index (file name extension)NEC Nippon Electric CompanyNEG Negative + NegateNetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System [IBM]NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface [IBM].NEW New Information (file name extension)NEWS NetWare Early Warning System [Frye Computer]NEXT Near-End CrosstalkNFF No Fault FoundNFS Network File System

NG No GoodNGE Not Greater or EqualNHC National Hurricane CenterNIC Network Information Center [Internet] +Network Interface Card +Numeric Intensive ComputingNICAD Nickel CadmiumNID New Interactive Display [NEC] + Next IDNIMH Nickel-Metal HydrideNIPS Network I/Os Per SecondNISO National Information Standards OrganizationNIST National Institute for Standards and TechnologyNITC National Information Technology CenterNJE Network Job Entry (protocol) [IBM]NL New LineNLE Not Less or EqualNLM NetWare Loadable Module [Netware]NLQ Near Letter QualityNLS National Language Support [OS/2]NMI Non-Maskable InterruptNMM NetWare Management Map [NetWare]NMOS Negative Channel Metal-Oxide SemiconductorNMS Network Management System [Novell]NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol [Internet]NOC Network Operations CenterNOP No OperationNOR Not OrNOS Network Operating SystemNPA Network Printer AllianceNPI Network Printer InterfaceNPL Nonprocedural LanguageNPU Natural Processing UnitNPX Numeric Processor ExtensionNREN National Research and Education NetworkNRZ Not Return to ZeroNRZI Non Return to Zero InvertedNS Nanosecond + Network Supervisor + Non StopNSA POLY National Security Agency PolygraphNSF National Science FoundationNSTL National Software Testing LabsNT New Technology [Microsoft]NTF No Trouble FoundNTFS New Technology File System [Microsoft]NTSC National Television Standards CommitteeNUI Network User Identification +Network User Interface +Notebook User Interface [Go Corporation]NUL Dummy Device + No DeviceNV No OverflowNVM Non-Volatile MemoryNVP Nominal Velocity of PropagationNVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access MemoryOAG Official Airline Guide + Online Air GuideOAI Open Applications InterfaceOBJ ObjectOCE Open Collaborative Environment [Apple]OCL Operation Control Language + Operator Control LanguageOCR Optical Character RecognitionODA Office Document ArchitectureODAPI Open Database Application Programming Interface [Borlund]ODBC Open Database Connectivity (driver) [Microsoft]ODBMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see OODMS)ODI Open Datalink Interface [Novell] +Open Device Interconnect [NetWare]ODS Open Data Services [Microsoft]

OEM Original Equipment ManufacturerOF Overflow FlagOFMT Output Format for NumbersOFS Output Field SeparatorOH Off HookOIS Office Information Systems.OLD Old version (file name extension)OLE Object Linking and Embedding [Microsoft]OLI Optical Phone Line Interface [AT&T]OLMC Output Logic MacrocellOLTP On-Line Transaction ProcessingOMF Object Module Format [Microsoft]OMG Object Management GroupOMI Open Messaging Interface [Lotus]OMNS Open Network Management SystemOMR Optical Mark RecognitionONC Open Network Computing [Sun]OODB Object-Oriented DatabaseOODMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see ODBMS)OOL Object-Oriented LanguageOOPL Object-Oriented Programming LanguageOOPS Object Oriented Programming and SystemsOOS Object-Oriented Systems +Off-line Operating SimulatorOP Operation + Optical + OutputOPAC Online Public Access Catlog [Internet]OPC Optical PhotoconductorOP CODE Operational CodeOPD OperandOPI Open Prepress InterfaceOPM Operations Per MinuteOPS OperationsOPT Open Protocol Technology.OPT Options (file name extension)OPUS Octal Program Updating SystemORACLE On-Line Inquiry and Report Generator (UNIX DB program).ORI Original (file name extension)ORS Output Record SeparatorOS Operating SystemOS/2 Operating System/2 [IBM]OSA Open System ArchitectureOS/E Operating System/EnvironmentOSF Open Software FoundationOSI Open Systems InterconnectionOSM Off-Screen ModelOSPF Open Shortest Path FirstOSQL Object Structured Query LanguageOT Object TechnologyOTF Open Token FoundationOTP One-Time Programmable.OUT Outlines (file name extension)OUTS Output StringOV OverflowOVL Program Overlay (file name extension)OVR Program Overlay (file name extension)OWL Object Windows Library +Open Windows Library [Borland]PABX Private Automatic Branch ExchangePAD Packet Assembler/DisassemblerPADS Pen Application Development System [Slate Corporation]PAK Packed (file name extension)PAL Paradox Applications Language [Borlund] +Phase Alternate Line + Programmed Array Logic +Programming Assembly LanguagePALC Plasma-Addressed Liquid Crystal (display)

PALS Principles of the Alphabet Literacy SystemPAP Passwork Authentication Protocol (protocol)PAR ParallelPARA ParagraphPARC Palo Alto Research Center [XEROX]PAS PASCAL source code (file name extension)PASCAL (Programming Language named for Blaise Pascal)PAT Patch (file name extension)PBE Prompt By ExamplePBX Private Branch ExchangePC Personal Computer + Printed Circuit + Program CounterPCB Printed Circuit Board + Program Control BlockPC-DOS Personal Computer - Disk Operating System(IBM version of MSDOS)PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect [Intel]PC-I/O Program Controlled I/OPCL Printer Command Language [HP] + Process Control LanguagePCM Personal Computer Manufacturer + Pulse Code ModulationPCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International AssociationPCMIA PC Memory-Card International AssociationPCNFS Personal Computer Network File SystemPCS Patchable Control Store +Personal Communication Services +Planning Control Sheet + Print Contrast Signal +Process Control Systems + Program Counter Store +Programmable Drive Table + Project Control SystemPCT Picture (file name extension)PCX Picture Image (file name extension)PD Public DomainPDA Personal Digital AssistantPDD Physical Device DriverPDF Portable Document Format +Processor Defined Function +Program Development FacilityPDF Printer Description (file name extension)[Borlund,Lotus]PDIAL Public Dialup Internet Access List [Internet]PDL Page Description Language + Program Description Language+ Program Design LanguagePDN Public Data NetworkPDP Progammable Data Processor +(DEC Computer System Designation, i.e. PDP-8, PDP-11)PDS Packet Driver Specification + Partitioned Data SetPDSS Post Development and Software SupportPDT Programmable Drive Table.PDX Paradox files (file name extension) [Borlund]PE Parity Even + Protect EnablePEA Pocket Ethernet AdapterPEL Picture Element [IBM]PEN SDK Pen Computing Software Development KitPEP Packetized Ensemble Protocol [Telebit]PERT Program Evaluation and Review TechniquePES Positioning Error Signal + Processor Enhancement SocketProcessor Upgrade SocketPET Print Enhancement Technology [Compaq]PFM Printer Font Metrics (file name extension) [Windows]PFR Power-Fail RestartPGA Pin Grid Array + Professional Graphics Adapter [IBM]PGDN Page Down.PGL Graphics (file name extension) [Hewlett-Packard]PGM Program.PGP ProGram Parameter (file name extension) [AutoCAD]PGUP Page UpPHIGS Programmers' Hierarchial Interactive Graphics StandardsPHO Phone List (file name extension)PI Program Interruption

PIA Peripheral Interface AdapterPIC Priority Interrupt Controller +Program Interrupt ControllerPIC Graph (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]PID Process Identification NumberPIF Program Information FilePILOT Programmed Inquiry Learning Or TeachingPIM Personal Information ManagerPIN Personal Identification NumberPIO Parallel Input/Output + Processor Input/Output +Programmed Input/OutputPIP Picture In Picture + Programmable Interconnect PointPIPO Parallel In, Parallel OutPIT Programmable Interval TimerPIXEL Picture ElementPL PlusPLA Programmable Logic-ArrayPLATO Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching OperationsPLC Programmable Logic ControllerPLCC Plastic Leadless Chip CarrierPLD Programmable Logic DevicePLL Phase Locked LoopPLL Prelinked Library (file name extension) [Clipper]PL/M Programming Language for MicrosPLV Production Level VideoPL/1 * Programming Language OnePM Presentation Manager [IBM] + Preventative MaintenancePMMU Paged Memory Management UnitPMOS Positive Channel Metal Oxide SemiconductorPO Parity OddPOL Problem Oriented LanguagePOP Point Of Presence [MCI] + Pop from Stack +Post Office ProtocolPOPA Pop All RegistersPOPF Pop FlagsPOS Point Of Sale + Positive + Programmable Object SelectPOSIX Portable Oprating System Environment Standard [IEEE]POST Power-On Self TestPOSTNET Postal Numeric Encoding TechniquePPDS Personal Printer Data Stream [IBM]PPM Pages Per MinutePPP Point-to-Point Protocol [Internet]PRD Printer Driver (file name extension) [Word]PRF Preferences (file name extension) [Grammatik IV]PRG Program (file name extension)PRMD Private Mangement Domain [X.400}PRO Profile (file name extension)PROC ProcedurePROFS Professional Office System [IBM]PROG Program + ProgrammerPROLOG Programming In Logic (Programming Language)(See HLL)PROM Programmable Read Only MemoryPRN PrinterPPP Point-to-Point Protocol.PRS Printer (file name extension) [WordPerfect]PRTSC Print ScreenPS Proportional Spacing.PS PostScript (file name extension)PS/2 Programming System 2 [IBM]PSC Product Service CenterPSF Permanent Swap FilePSP Program Segment PrefixP-SRAM Pseudo-Static Random Access MemoryPSW Program Status WordPT Page Table

P/T Part TimePTD Parallel Transfer Disk DrivePUB Publication + Publish.PUB Publication (file name extension) [Ventura]PUS Processor Upgrade SocketPUSHA Push All RegistersPUSHF Push FlagsPVC Polyvinyl ChloridePVM Pass-through Virtual Machine (protocol) [IBM]PWB Printed Wire Board +Programmer's Workbench [Microsoft]PWR Power.PX Primary Index (file name extension) [Paradox]QA Quality AssuranceQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQBE Query By ExampleQBF Query by FormQC Quality ControlQDOS Quick and Dirty Operating System.QDI Dictionary (file name extension) [Quicken].QDT Data (file name extension) [Quicken]QFA Quick File AccessQIC Quality Information Using Cycle Time [Hewlett-Packard] +Quarter-Inch Cartridge.QIF Quicken Interchange Format (file name extension).QMT Memorized List (file name extension) [Quicken].QNX Indexes to Data (file name extension) [Quicken]QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingRA Return AuthorizationRACF Resource Access Control FacilityRAG Row Address GeneratorRAID Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks +Redundant Arrays of Independent Drives +Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive DisksRALU Register Arithmetic Logic UnitRAM Random Access MemoryRAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital-to-AnalogConverter [Sierra]RAND RandomRAP Rapid Application PrototypingRAS Random Access Storage +Reliability, Availability and Serviceability +Row Address SelectRB Right Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse)RBBS Remote Bulletin Board SystemRCL Rotate Carry LeftRCP Restore Cursor PositionRCR Rotate Carry RightRCS Records Communications Switching SystemRD Receive Data + Remove DirectoryR&D Research and DevelopmentRDA Remote Database AccessRDB Receive Data Buffer + Relational DatabaseRDBMS Relational Database Mangement SystemRDCLK Received Timing ClockRDSR Receiver Data Service Request.REC Recorder (file name extension).REF Reference (file name extension)REG RegisterREGAL Rigid Epoxy Glass Acrylic LaminateRELSECT Relative SectorREM Remark + Remote + Ring Error MonitorREN RenameREP RepeatREPE Repeat while Equal

REPNE Repeat while Not EqualREPNZ Repeat while Not ZeroREPZ Repeat while ZeroREQ RequestRES Remote Execution Service + Reset + ResolutionRES Resource (file name extension)RET Resolution Enhancement Technology [HP] +ReturnREX Relocatable ExecutableREXX Restructured Extended Executor (language) [IBM]RF Radio FrequencyRFC Request For Comments [Internet]RFI Radio Frequency InterferenceRFP Request for ProposalRFS Remote File SystemRFT Revisable Form Text + Rich Text FormatRFU Reserved For Future UseRGB Red-Green-Blue (color model)RI Referential IntegrityRIFF Resource Interschange File Format [Microsoft]RIM Remote Installation and Maintenance [Microsoft]RIME RelayNet International Message ExchangeRIP Raster Image Processor +Remote Image Protocol +Routing Information Protocol [Novell]RISC Reduced Instruction Set ComputerRJE Remote Job EntryRLE Run Length EncodedRLL Run Length LimitedRLN Remote LAN Node [DCA]RLSD Received Line Signal DetectedRLSI * Ridiculously Large-Scale IntegrationRM Reset ModeRMA Return Material Authorization +Return to Manufacturer AuthorizationRMDIR Remove DirectoryRMON Remote Monitor/MonitoringRMS Record Management Services + Root Mean SquareRND RandomR-O Read OnlyROL Rotate LeftROM Read Only MemoryROR Rotate RightRPC Real Procedure Call + Remote Procedure CallRPG Report Program Generator (Programming Language)RPL Resident Programming Language +Requested Privilege LevelRPPROM Reprogrammable PROMRPT RepeatRPQ Request for Price QuotationRQBE Relational Query By Example [Fox Pro]RR Real RealityRS Radio Shack + Request to Send +Recommended Standard (as in RS-232) [EIA]RSCS Remote Spooling Communications SystemRSL Request-and-Status LinkRSP Required Space CharacterRST Reset + RestartRSTS Resource Sharing Time Sharing [Digital]RSX Real Time Resource Sharing ExecutiveRT Real Time + RISC Technology + Run TimeR/T Receive/TransmitRTAM Remote Terminal Access MethodRTC Real-Time ClockRTF Rich Text Format

RTL Register Transfer Language +Resistor Transistor Logic + Run Time LibraryRTM Response Time MonitorRTOS Real-Time Operating SystemRTS Request To SendRTTY Radio Teletypewriter (Communications)RTV Real Time VideoR/W Read/WriteRWM Read-Write MemoryRX ReceiverRXD Received DataSAA Systems Application Architecture [IBM]SADL Synchronous Data Link Control [Racal-Vadic]SAINT * Symbolic Automatic IntegratorSAL Shift Arithmetic LeftSAM Serial Access Memory +Sequential Access MethodSAP Second Audio Program + Service Access Point [DEC]SAP * Symbolic Assembly ProgramSAR Shift Arithmetic Right +Successive Approximation RegisterSAS Sales Accounting System + Single Audio System.SAV Saved (file name extension)SAVDM Single Application VDMSB Sound BoardSBB Subtract With BorrowSBC Single-Board ComputerSBCS Single-Byte Character SetSCAS Scan StringSCB Subsystem Control Block [IBM]SCC Serial Communications Controllers +Serial Controller Chip +Synchronous Channel Check [IBM]SCD Standard Color DisplaySCF System Control FacilitySCM Software Configuration ManagementSCO Santa Cruz Operation (Software Company)SCOPE Simple Communications Programming Enironment[Hayes]SCP Save Cursor Position + Subsystem Control Port +System Control ProgramSCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier.SCR Script (file name extension)SCRN Screen (video display)SCSI Small Computer Systems InterfaceSD Send DataSDA Software Disk Array + Source Data Automation +System Display Architecture [Digital]SDF Space Delimited File + Space Delimited Format.SDF Standard Data Format (file name extension)SDK Software Developer's Kit [Microsoft]SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (protocol)SDN Software Defined Network [AT&T]SDNS Secure Data Network ServiceSDR Streaming Data RequestSDS Sysops Distribution SystemSD_STB Streaming Data Strobe [IBM]SEA Standard Extended Attribute [OS/2]SEAC * Name of first computer to use transistors, builtby Standard Eastern Automating ComputingSEC Single Error CorrectionSECAM Sequential Color And MemorySED Stream EditorSEG SegmentSEL Select

SEM Scanning Electron Microscope +Standard Electronic ModuleSER SerialSET Softwave Engineering Technology.SET Driver Set (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] +Image Settings (file name extension) [Paradox]SEU Smallest Executable UnitSF Sign FlagSFQL Structured Full-text Query LanguageSFT System Fault ToleranceSFX Sound Effect(s)SGEN Signal Generator + System GeneratorSGDT Store Global Descriptor TableSGML Standard Generalized Markup LanguageSGR Set Graphics RenditionS/H Sample and HoldSHAR Shell ArchiveSHL Shift Logical LeftSHR Shift Logical RightSI Source Index + System InformationSID Station Identification [AT&T] +Symbolic Interactive DebuggerSIDT Store Interrupt Descriptor TableSIG Special Interest GroupSIGCAT Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applicationsand TechnologySIM SimulatorSIMD Single Instruction Multiple Data Stream (processor)SIMM Single In-line Memory ModuleSIMULA Simulation (language)SIO Serial Input/Output (communications driver)SIP Single In-line PackageSIPO Serial In, Parallel OutSIPP Single In-line Pin PackageSIT Special Information TonesSISO Serial In, Serial OutSLDT Store Local Descriptor TableSLIP Serial Line Interface ProtocolSLMR Silly Little Modem ReaderSLOSH Sea, Lake and Overland Surge from Hurricane (program)SLSI Super Large-Scale IntegrationSM Set ModeSMB Server Message Block (protocol) [MII]SMD Surface Mounted DeviceSMDS Switched Multi-Megabit Data ServiceSMF System Manager Facility [Compaq]SMI System Management Interrupts [Intel]SMIF Standard Mechanical InterfaceSMIT System Management Interface Tool [IBM]SMK Software Migration Kit [Microsoft]SMM System Mangement ModeSMP Symbolic Manipulation Program +Symmetrical Multiprocessor (machine)SMPS Switching Mode Power SupplySMRAM System Management Random Access MemorySMSW Store Machine Status WordSMT Surface-Mount TechnologySMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSMU System Management UtilitySN Serial NumberS/N Signal-to-Noise (Ratio)SNA Systems Network Architecture [IBM]SND SoundSNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolSNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language (Progamming Language)

SNP Serial Number/Password [Omen Technology]SNR Signal-to-Noise RatioSOC System On a ChipSOE Standard Operating EnvironmentSOH Start of HeadingSOL Simulation Oriented LanguageSOM Start of Message + System Object Model [IBM]SOP Standard Operating ProceduresSOS Silicon On Sapphire + Standards and Open SystemsSOTA State Of The ArtSOX Sound ExchangeSP Service Pack [IBM] + Stack Pointer + System ProductSPA Software Publishers AssociationSPARC Scalable Processor ArchitectureSPC Small Peripheral Controller + Statistical Process ControlSPCL Spectrum Cellular CorporationSPF Shortest Path First + System Programming FacilitySPI Service Provider InterfaceSPIKE Science Planning Intelligent Knowledge-BasedEnvironment [STScI]SPL Spooler.SPL Spell Checker (file name extension)SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On LineSPS Standby Power SystemSPSS Statistical Package for the Social SciencesSPT Sectors Per TrackSPX Sequenced Packet Exchange [Novell]SQ Squeezed (files)SQL Structured Query LanguageSQRT Square RootSR Shift RegisterSRAM Shadow Random Access Memory +Static Random Access MemorySRD Screen Reader SystemSRO Sharable and Read OnlySRQ Service RequestSRR Serially Reusable ResourceSS Stack Segment + Single Sided + SecondsSSEC * Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator [IBM]SSGA System Suppport Gate ArraySSI Small Scale IntegrationSST Spread-Spectrum TechnologySTA Spanning Tree AlgorithmSTB StrobeSTC Set Carry FlagSTD Set Direction Flag + StandardSTDA StreetTalk Directory Assistance [Banyan]STDAUX Standard AuxillarySTDERR Standard ErrorSTDIN Standard InputSTDIO.H Standard Input/Output Header [C]STDOUT Standard OutputSTDPRN Standard Printer.STF Structured File (file name extension) [Lotus Agenda]STI Set Interrupt FlagSTN Supertwist NematicSTOS Store StringSTP Shielded Twisted Pair (cable) + Signal Transfer PointSTR Store Task Register + Synchronous Transmitter ReceiverSTRESS Structural Engineering System Solver (ProgrammingLanguage)STRUDL Structural Design Language (Programming Language)STScI Space Telescope Science InstituteSTX Start of Text.STY Style (file name extension) [Ventura, Word, WordPerfect]

SUB Subroutine + Substitute + Subtract.SUP Supplemental Dictionary (file name extension)[WordPerfect]SVGA Super Video Graphics ArrayS-VHS Super VHSS/W Software.SWP Swap (file name extension)SYLK Symbolic Link.SYM Symbols (file name extension).SYN Synonym (file name extension)SYNC SynchronousSYS System.SYS System Configuration (file name extension) +System Device Driver (file name extension)SYSGEN System GeneratorSYSLOG System LogSYSMOD System ModificationSYSOP System OperatorSYSREQ System RequestTAD Telephone Answering DeviceTAPCIS The Access Program for the CompuServeInformation ServiceTAR Tape ArchiveTASM Turbo Assembler [Borland]TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Tranceiver InterfaceTB Terabyte (1,000 gigabytes)T/B Top and BottomTBBS The Bread Board System (BBS).TBK Toolbook (file name extension)TCM Trellis-Coded ModulationTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTD Transmit DataTDtoDP Tablet Coordinates to Display Coordinates(converting)TDE Terminal Display Editor.TDF Trace Definition File (file name extension) [OS/2] +Typeface Definition File (file name extension)TDM Time Division MultiplexingTDMS Terminal Display Management SystemTDSR Transmitter Data Service RequestTDR Time Domain ReflectometryTE/2 Terminal Emulator/2 [Oberon]TEC Tokyo Electronics CorporationTED Tiny EditorTEML Turbo Editor Macro Language [Borlund]TER Thermal Eclipse Reading [Sony]TERMPWR Terminator PowerTFDD Text File Device DriverTFEL Thin-Film Electroluminescent.TFM Tagged Font Metric (file name extension)TFT Thin-Film Transistor (screens).THD Thread (file name extension)THOR Tandy High-Performance Optical Recording.THS Thesaurus (file name extension)TI Texas Instruments, Inc.TID Target IDTIES Time Independent Escape Sequence.TIF Tagged Image File (filename extension)TIFF Tagged Image File FormatTIGA Texas Instruments Graphics ArchitectureTIGER Topologically Integrated Geographic Encodingand ReferencingTIP Terminal Interface ProcessorTLB Translation Lookaside BufferTLI Transport Layer Interface

TLU Table Lookup.TLX Telex (file name extension)TM TrademarkTMP TemporaryTN Twisted NematicTNC Terminal Node ControllerTOP Technical and Office ProtocolTPC Transaction Processing Performance CouncilTPI Tracks Per InchTPL Table Producing LanguageTPM Transactions Per MinuteTPORT Twisted Pair Port Transceiver [AT&T]TPS Transactions Per Second +Transaction Processing SystemTPW Turbo Pascal for WindowsTQM Total Quality ManagementTR Terminal ReadyT/R Transmit/ReceiveTRADIC * Transistorized Airborne Digital Computer(Name of first computer to be entirelytransistorized).TRM Terminal (file name extension)TRON The Real-Time Operating System NucleusTS Top SecretTSA Technical Support AllianceTSB Termination Status BlockTSO Time Sharing OptionTSR Terminate and Stay ResidentTSS Task State Segment + Time Sharing SystemTS/SI Top Secret/Sensitive Information.TST Test (file name extension)TSTN Triple Supertwisted Nematic.TTF TrueType Font (file name extension)TTL Transistor-Transistor LogicTTS Transaction Tracking SystemTTY TeletypeTUI Text-Based User Interface [WordPerfect].TUT Tutorial (file name extension)TVI Television InterferenceTWX Teletypewriter Exchange ServiceTXD Transmitted DataTXT TextTXT2STF Text To Structured File [Lotus Agenda]UA User Agent + User AreaUAE Unrecoverable Application ErrorUART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/TransmitterUCL Universal Communications LanguageUDC User Defined CommandsUDF User Defined FunctionsUDP User Datagram ProtocolUG User GroupUI Unix International + User InterfaceUID User IdentifierUL Underwriters Laboratories + UploadULA Uncommitted Logic ArrayULN Universal Link NegotiationULSI Ultra Large Scale IntegrationUMB Upper Memory Block [LIM/AST]UNC Universal Naming ConventionUNCOL Universal Computed Oriented LanguageUNICOM Universal Integrated Communication (System)UNICOS Universal Compiler FORTRAN compatibleUNIVAC Universal Automatic ComputerUNIX (AT&T Bell Laboratories Operating System)UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture

UPC Universal Product CodeUPL User Program LanguageUPM User Profile Management [IBM]UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply +Uninterruptible Power SystemUREP Unix RSCS Emulation Protocol (protocol)USART Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous Reciever/TransmitterUSERID User IdentificationUSQ Unsqueezed (files)USR US Robotics (corporation)USRT Universal Synchronous Receiver/TransmitterUSSA User Supported Software Association (United Kingdom)UT User TerminalUTC Coordinated Universal TimeUTI Universal Text InterchangeUTP Unshielded Twisted-Pair (cable)UU Uuencode/UudecodeUUCP Unix-To-Unix Copy ProgramUUI User-To-User Information [AT&T]UV UltravioletVA Virtual AddressVAD Value Added DealerVADD Value Added Disk DriverVAL Value + Voice Application Language.VAL Validity Checks (file name extension) [Paradox]VAM Virtual Access MethodVAN Value Added NetworkVAP Value Added ProcessesVAR Value Added Reseller + Value Added Retailer + VariableVAX/VMS Virtual Address Extension/Virtual Memory System [DEC]VB Variable Block.VBX Visual Basic (file name extension)VCD Virtual Communications DriverVCPI Virtual Control Program InterfaceVCR Video Cassette RecorderVDD Virtual Device DriverVDDM Virtual Device Driver ManagerVDE Video Display EditorVDISK Virtual DiskVDM Virtual DOS Machine [IBM]VDS Virtual DMA ServicesVDT Video Display TerminalVDU Video Display Unit + Visual Display UnitVEGA Video-7 Enhanced Graphics Adapter [Video-7, Inc.]VEMM Virtual Expanded Memory ManagerVER VerifyVERR Verify Read AccessVERW Verify Write AccessVESA Video Electronics Standards AssociationVFD Vacuum Fluorescent DisplayVGA Video Graphics ArrayVGC Video Graphics ControllerVHS Very High Speed + Virtual Host StorageVHSIC Very High Speed Integrated CircuitVIM Vendor Independent Messaging (interface)VIO Video Input/Output + Virtual Input/OutputVINES Virtual Network Operating System [Banyan]VIP Variable Information ProcessingVIPER Verifiable Integrated Processor forEnhanced ReliabilityVIS Video Information System [Tandy] +Voice Information SystemVL-BUS Vesa Local-Bus [VESA]VLF Very Low FrequencyVLIW Very Long Instruction Word (machine)

VLSI Very Large Scale IntegrationVLSIPS Very Large Scale Immobilized Polymer SynthesisVLT Variable List TableVM Virtual MachineVMA Virtual Memory AddressVMB Virtual Machine BootVMM Virtual Memory ManagerVMOS Vertical MOSVMS Virtual Memory System + Voice Message SystemVMT Virtual Memory TechniqueVOL VolumeVOM Volt Ohm MeterVOS Verbal Operating SystemVPD Virtual Printer DeviceVPDS Virtual Private Data Service [MCI]VR Virtual Reality + Voltage RegulatorVRAM Video Random Access MemoryVROOMM Virtual Real-time Object OrientedMemory Manager [Borlund].VRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension)VRU Voice Response UnitVS Virtual StorageVSAM Virtual Storage Access MethodVSAT Very Small Aperture TerminalVSE Virtual Storage ExtendedVSF Vertical Scanning FrequencyVSLI Very Large Scale IntegrationVSM Virtual Storage ManagementVSOS Virtual Storage Operating SystemVSYNC Vertical SyncVTAM Virtual Telecommunications Access Method [IBM]VUI Video User InterfaceVUP VAX Unit of PerformanceVMS Virtual Memory System + Voice Message SystemW/ WithWAIS Wide Area Information Server/ServiceWAITS Wide Area Information Transfer SystemWAN Wide Area NetworkWATS Wide Area Telecommunications Service.WAV Waveform Audio (file name extension)WC Word CountWELL Whole Earth Lectronic Link (BBS)WFW Windows For Workgroups [Microsoft]WGS Work Group SystemWINForum Wireless Information Networks ForumWINWORD Word For Windows [Microsoft]WISE WordPerfect Information System Environment.WKB Workbook (file name extension) [WordPerfect].WKE Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC].WKQ Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU].WKS Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC].WKZ Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU].WK1 Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC].WMF Windows Metafile (file name extension) [Microsoft]WNIC Wide-Area Network Interface Co-ProcessorWNIM Wide-Area Network Interface ModuleW/O WithoutWORM Write Once, Read ManyWOSA Windows Open Services Architecture [Microsoft]WP WordPerfect + Word Processing + Write Protected.WPG Graphics (file name extension) [WordPerfect]WPHD Write-Protect Hard Disk.WPK Keyboard (file name extension) [WordPerfect]WPM Words Per Minute.WPM Macro (file name extension) [WordPerfect]

WPS Windows Printing System [Microsoft] +Workplace Shell [OS2].WQ1 Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU].WQ! Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU]WS WordStar + WorkstationWT Write ThroughWYSBYGI What You See Before You Get ItWYSIWYG What You See Is What You GetXA Extended Architecture + Extended AttributeXAPIA X.400 Application Program Interface AssociationX2B Hexadecimal to Binary [REXX]X2C Hexadecimal to Character [REXX]XCHG ExchangeXCMD External CommandXCOPY Extended CopyX2D Hexadecimal to Decimal [REXX]XDR External Data RepresentationXFCN External FunctionXGA Extended Graphics Array [IBM]XID Exchange IdentifierXIOS Extended Input/Output SystemXLAT TranslateXLM Excel Macro Language [Microsoft]XMIT TransmitXMM Extended Memory Manager [LIM/AST]XMS Extended Memory Specification [LIM/AST]XNS Xerox Network System (protocol) [Xerox]XOFF Transmitter OffXON Transmitter OnXOR Exclusive OR (Also EOR)XSMD Extended Storage Module Drive (interface)XTAL CrystalXTCLK External Transmit ClockYAM Yet Another Modem [Omen Technology]ZBR Zone Bit RecordingZ-CAV Zoned Constant Angular VelocityZDS Zenith Data SystemsZIF Zero-Insertion Force (socket)ZIP Zigzag In-Line Package +Zone Improvement Plan (ZIPcode).ZIP Compressed File (file name extension) [PKWare].ZOO Compressed File (file name extension) [Dhesi]ZSL Zero Slot LAN.$$$ Temporary File (file name extension)

APPENDIX B:In electronic mail, some of the following "smiley faces" rather than words, are used to express the writer's feelings.Turn your head to the side to read them.:-) Smile :-D Laughing:) Smile :-} Grin:-] Smirk :-( Frown;-) Wink :-X Close-mouthed8-) Wide-eyed :-O Open-mouthed:-|) I wear a :-Q But I don't inhale moustache:-o Oh, no!

Also used: <g> Grin<ggg> Wide Grin<g....g> Very wide grin

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CSGNetwork's Online Computer, Telephony &Electronics Reference

Computer Support Group & CSGNetwork.Com Online

Computer, Telephony & Electronics Industry GlossaryP1It is used to denote the original Intel Pentium line of processors. See FSB.P2It is used to denote the Intel Pentium II line of processors.See FSB.P2PThis is an abbreviation for peer-to-peer, a particular typeof networking protocol.P31. P3 is AOL's data transfer protocol. It is comparable toZMODEM. The same technology is used by other ISP salso.2. It is also often used to denote the Intel Pentium III lineof processors. See FSB.P4P4 is used to denote the new Intel Pentium IV line ofprocessors, due for November 2000 release . See FSB .PABXAn acronym for Private Automatic Branch eXchange;telephony jargon. A phone system used to switchtelephones between extensions and to outside lines. Forincoming and outgoing (dial 9) calls. Sometimes just calledPBX though a PBX system does not have to be automaticor may not even have the capability for total automation.packetA unit of data sent across a network. When a large block ofdata is to be sent over a network, it is broken up intoseveral packets, sent, and the reassembled at the other end.Packets often include checksum codes to detecttransmission errors. The exact layout of an individualpacket is determined by the protocol and networkarchitecture being used. In many cases, it could be alsocalled a sub-unit of a data stream; a grouping ofinformation that includes a header (containing informationlike address destination) and, in most cases, user data. Thisis not to be confused with "Pack It!", a term many arrogantprogrammers have heard from many supervisors over theyears.packet reflectionThis error message is received when a packet of data couldnot be transmitted properly and was sent back (reflected) tothe origin. This is a network based error.packet sniffingThe intentional and usually illegal act of interceptingpackets of data being transmitted over the Internet andsearching them for information. This can be done without

the sender's or recipient's knowledge. It is the equivalent ofline-tapping.packet switched network or PSNA network sub-architecture that does not establish adedicated path through the network for the duration of asession, opting instead to transmit data in units calledpackets in a connectionless manner; data streams arebroken into packets at the front end of a transmission, sentover the best available network connection of possiblymany, and then reassembled in their original order at thedestination endpoint.packet switchingA switching system that uses a physical communicationsconnection only long enough to transit a data message; datamessages are disassembled into packets and reassembled atthe receiving end of the communication link; packets maytravel over many diverse communications links to get tothe common endpoint. This is most often contrasted withcircuit switching in data communications, where all datamessages transmitted during a session are transmitted overthe same path for the duration of the session.pad1. A specially surfaced material to allow the users of mice,a place to optimize operation.2. A graphics tablet for data input into programs such asCAD/CAM . They are often mouse-like in function butstationary with a pointer that moves over themstationary with a pointer that moves over them.3. An acronym for Packet Assembler/Disassembler. Thehardware device used to connect simple devices (likecharacter mode terminals) that do not support the fullfunctionality of a particular protocol to a network. PADsbuffer data and assemble and disassemble packets sent tosuch end devices.4. A digitizer.5. A place where many nerdy type programmers lived inthe '60s.pad character1. A character used to fill empty space. (In some cases, itcould be considered "education"...) Many applicationshave fields that must be a particular length. For example, ina database application, you may have a field that is tencharacters in length. If you use only four of the allottedcharacters, the program itself must fill in the remaining sixcharacters with pad characters. Some applications allowyou to choose the character to be used as padding. Mostpadding by default is done with a space character, as issuedby the space bar.2. A "home body" from the 1960's.paginationThe process, in most word processors, of calculating theproperties of a page in order to assign page breaks.PALExcite's online instant message service. Get it at

HTTP://WWW.EXCITE.COM/COMMUNITIES/PAL/HOME.See others like PAL here.PalmtopPalmtops are a class of portable personal computers(generally with PDA software) that fit in the palm of yourhand. One of the most well-known palmtops is the Pilot,developed by PalmOS and marketed originally by USRobotics, now 3COM.PanasonicA leading manufacturer and supplier in all commercialelectronics industries worldwide. They have severalInternational manufacturing and operations locations. Seethem at HTTP://WWW.PANASONIC.COM .Paper MailSome E-Mail services offer this service so that you cansend Internet E-Mail to people who don't even owncomputers. A form of snail-mail. A loose reference to theUS Mail service. See mail.parallel1. A form of data transfer and communications, most oftenused with printers. It is the opposite of and an alternative toserial communications. Printers and other devices are saidto be either parallel or serial. Parallel means the device iscapable of receiving more than one bit at a time (that is, itreceives several bits in parallel). Most modern printers areparallel or USB.2. A type of bus connection, transferring data in a similarmeans as a parallel printer connection.3. In electronics, two components can be connectedtogether in two different ways, series and parallel. Eachcomponent has two different ends or poles. They can bepositive and negative but may not be. For identification,they are known as Alpha and Beta. While the nomenclatureis not exactly original, it serves the purpose. If similarcomponents, such as a resistor and another resistor, or acapacitor and another capacitor, are in parallel in a circuit,the alpha pole of one is connected to the alpha pole of theother, directly, while the beta pole and other beta pole alsoconnect directly. See our Parallel Resistance Calculatorand our Parallel Capacitance Calculator to resolvevalues for either resistance or capacitance.parameterA guideline or limitation of software or process functions.In the case of search software, parameters are Booleanfactors, the words or letters you are trying to find, whereyou want the search to include in the looking process andthe like.Parental ControlParental Control is an ISP feature that allows a parent torestrict a child's access to certain areas of ISP providedservices and the Ineternet . Such control is also availablein most modern browsers and is available as a separateapplication . While it is not foolproof, it is a good thing.There are also some standards being set on the web. See

Net Nanny , Safe For Kids , CyberAngels , SafeSurf orRecreational Software Advisory Council for moreinformation. These are certainly not all involved but arepresentative group. This site CSGNETWORK.COM, israted for users of all age groups and is devoted to keepingunfit material off the Internet, at least filtering it.parityA method of data integrity checking that adds a single bitto each byte of data. The parity bit is responsible forchecking for errors in the other 8 bits (or less, dependingon the arrangement). Parity is logic that detects thepresence of an error in memory. Generally, a single paritybit is used for each byte (8 bits) of data. The mostcommonly used forms of parity are even parity odd paritycommonly used forms of parity are even parity, odd parity,and checksums.parseTo search through a stream of text and either break it upinto useful chunks of information or reformat it in someother manner.partition1. A portion or a segment of memory or storage memory,such as a hard disk. Most commonly used as a section of ahard drive. Hence the name partition. When you format ahard drive, you can assign the number of partitions youwant on a physical hard disk. The computer will recognizeeach partition as a separate drive, and they will show up asdifferent drives under most operating systems; a logicaldrive.2. The act of creating a logical drive.3. To break into smaller sections, such as a hard drive.Most often, smaller but multiple partitions can improve theefficiency of your hard drive. On larger drives, the cluster,or block sizes (the minimum amount of space a file cantake up), are also very large, which can result in a waste ofdisk space. So multiple partitions can actually give youmore space.4. Partitioning can also be used to allow multiple operatingsystems on the same drive of a given computer. Most of the32bit file structures do not allow that but earlier OSsoftware, such as Windows 85, 98 (original), OS2, DOSand early NT did.5. A form of computer office and work area segregation sothat hardware people can be isolated from software people.PASC MailAn acronym for Portable Applications StandardsCommittee; a group within the IEEE. PASC is the groupthat has and continues to develop the POSIX family ofstandards. See them at HTTP://WWW.PASC.ORG .passwordYour password is like a key to your home. It is one of theprimary forms of online security. It is needed for you to getonline, and to change your billing information. A differentpassword is often needed for applications that are online.

NEVER GIVE YOUR PASSWORD(s) TO ANYONE.Most ISP's staff will NEVER ask you for your password. Ifsomeone does ask for that password, challenge them as towho they really are.password surfingLike any large community, all ISP services have their shareof undesirable characters. On most services, they makethemselves known by masquerading as ISP employeesFrequently they will send a new member an instantmessage or E-Mail claiming that the system has lost theirinformation, or offering them free service for a year. This iscalled password surfing. These people are NOT ISPemployees, and they are trying to steal from you. Toprotect yourself, NEVER give your password or billinginformation to anyone. Most ISP employees will never askyou for your password or billing information.pathThe hierarchical description of where a directory, folder, orfile is located on your computer or on a network.payloadA telephony term that describes the portion of a frame orcell that carries user traffic. It is effectively what remains inthe frame or cell if you take out all headers or trailers.PBX1. A telephony acronym denoting Private BranchExchange, a physical private telephone network.2. A small telephone switching system (exchange) usuallyon a customer's premises that also connects to the publicswitched telephone network. See PABX.PCSee personal computer.PC100In roughly the middle of 1998, Intel introduced the BXchip set to their motherboard designs. One element in thisnew architecture included an increase in the PC mainmemory bus speed (Host bus) from 66 to 100 MHz, calledPC100. To match the 100MHz bus speed, 100MHzSDRAM modules are used. These modules are oftenreferred to as PC100 compliant. See personal computer(PC).PCAVAn acronym for Partial Constant Angular Velocity. See(CAV) and (CLV).PC133A further extension of the PC100 specification, the PC133specification details the requirements for SDRAM used on133MHz FSB motherboards. PC133 SDRAM can be usedon 100MHz FSB motherboards but will not yield aperformance advantage over PC100 memory at 100MHz.See personal computer.PCBA component made up of layers of copper and fiberglass;the surface of a PCB features a pattern of copper lines, or"traces," that provide electrical connections for chips and

other components that mount on the surface of the PCB. Aterm used in the electronics industry to denote a RAW(non-populated) Printed Circuit Board. Once componentsare populated on it, the board is sometimes called a card.See motherboard, systemboard or mainboard .PC CardThe current and newest name for PCMCIA.PCDOSThe sometimes used name for PCOS.PCIAcronym for Peripheral Component Interconnect, a localbus computer standard developed by Intel Corporation.Most modern PCs include a bus that is only PCI capable;early PCI designs incorporated the PCI bus in addition to amore general ISA expansion bus. Those are now calledLegacy capable motherboards. Many analysts, however,believe that PCI will eventually supplant ISA entirely; itappears that non ISA systems are now the norm rather thanthe exception in the year 2000. PCI is also used on newerversions of the Macintosh computer. PCI is a 64-bit bus,though it is usually implemented as a 32-bit bus. It can runat clock speeds of 33 or 66 MHz. At 32 bits and 33 MHz, ityields a throughput rate of 133 MBps. Board pin density isalso greater and for confusion avoidance, boards will notinterchange in ISA and PCI slots. Although it wasdeveloped by Intel, PCI is not tied to any particular familyof microprocessors.PCLThe acronym for Printer Control Language, a product ofHP. This was originally designed by HP for the LaserJet+.It is now the base, in revision 5, of all of the printers in theHP line. It is an interpreted language, similar to but moreintelligent than PostScript.PCMA telephony term describing a particular type ofmodulation, Pulse Code Modulation.PCMCIAAn acronym meaning Personal Computer Memory CardIndustry Association. A standard that allowsinterchangeability of various computing components on thesame connector. The PCMCIA standard is designed tosupport input/output (I/O) devices, including memory,Fax/modem, SCSI, and networking products. Many laptopcomputers use these devices as modems or networkinterfaces. It is an organization consisting of some 500companies that has developed a standard for small, creditcard-sized devices, called PC Cards. Originally designedfor adding memory to portable computers, the somewhatloose PCMCIA standard has been expanded several timesand is now suitable for many types of devices. There are infact three types of PCMCIA cards. All three have the samerectangular size (85.6 by 54 millimeters), but differentwidths:Type I cards can be up to 3.3 mm thick, and are used

primarily for adding additional ROM or RAM to acomputer.Type II cards can be up to 5.5 mm thick. These cards areoften used for NIC, modem and fax modem cards.Type III cards can be up to 10.5 mm thick, which issufficiently large for portable disk drives.As with the cards, PCMCIA slots also come in three sizes:A Type I slot can hold one Type I cardA Type II slot can hold one Type II card or two Type IcardsA Type III slot can hold one Type III card or a Type I andType II card.A full house beats three of a kind! So much for the details.In general, though there are always exceptions, you canexchange PCMCIA Cards on the fly, without rebootingyour computer. For example, you can slip in a Fax modemcard when you want to send a fax and then, when you'redone, replace the Fax modem card with a memory card.You can also fit (and use) smaller cards into larger slotsbut not the reverse. They are currently (as of mid-1999)just known as PC Cards.P-CodeSee microcode.PCOSPersonal Computer (IBM PC) Operating System, a coinedshorthand name for the DOS only software from severalcompanies running a low level platform on compatibles.This was originally the name, though also known asPCDOS, given to IBM's version of the first IBM producedoperating for PCs. They soon gave way to Microsoftproduced DOS. They have made several other efforts at PCoperating systems but have not been able to produce onethat was competitive to Microsoft.PCSA telephony term describing wireless communicationstechnology that operates at 1900 MHz. A loosely definedfuture ubiquitous telecommunication service that willallow "anytime, anywhere" voice and data communicationwith personal communication with personalcommunications devices.PDA1. An acronym for Personal Digital Assistant. A small,totally portable device that combines computing,telephone/fax, and networking features. A typical PDA canfunction as a cellular phone, Fax sender, and personalorganizer. Unlike portable computers, most PDAs use apen-like stylus rather than a keyboard for input. This meansthat they also feature handwriting recognition. Some PDAsalso make use of voice recognition technologies. AppleComputer pioneered the field of PDA by introducing theNewton MessagePad in 1993. Shortly thereafter, severalother manufacturers offered similar products. To date,PDAs have had only modest success in the marketplace,due to their high price tags and limited applications.

However, many experts believe that PDAs will eventuallybecome common gadgets.2. PDA is a term for any small mobile hand-held devicethat provides computing and information storage andretrieval capabilities for personal or business use, often forkeeping schedule calendars and address book informationhandy. Most PDAs have a small keyboard. Some PDAshave an electronically sensitive pad on which handwritingcan be received. Some PDAs offer a variation of theMicrosoft Windows operating system called Windows CE.Other products have their own or another operating system.pdf filesAdobe's Portable Document Format (pdf) is a translationformat used primarily for distributing files, such asdocumentation, across a network, or on a web site. This isan inexpensive way for CD distributors to includedocumentation with a CD based program or suite ofprograms. Files with a .pdf extension have been created inanother application and then translated into .pdf files sothey can be viewed by anyone, regardless of platform. TheAdobe Acrobat PDF Reader software is necessary to viewthese files, and can be obtained free at many sites, providedby Adobe, or get it here, Acrobat PDF Reader central .Adobe can be accessed through HTTP://WWW.ADOBE.COM.peer-to-peerA simple, small type of network in which eachworkstation has the ability for equivalent capabilities andresponsibilities. Each station can be a server and each canbe a client at the same time. This differs from client/serverarchitectures, in which some computers are dedicated toserving the others. Peer-to-peer networks are generallysimpler and less expensive, but they usually do not offerthe same performance under heavy loads. In fact, they are acompromise at best in either way they are used. But theyare efficient with high enough horsepower hardware andwith a good network integrated operating system. A majorplayer in the early LAN days, offering this type technology,was Artisoft's LANtastic. Currently, all Windows operatingsystems of 95 and up offer this technology built in. It is justreferred to as the Microsoft network.Peer Web ServicesSee PWS.PentiumOne of Intel's family of microprocessors; introduced in1993. A class of microprocessor made by Intel. The serieshas come from the early Pentium 60 Mhz, bus speeds of 66Mhz and a 64kb cache, to the Pentium II (1997) serieswhich began at 233 Mhz to 450 Mhz with bus speeds of100 Mhz and a L2 chache of 512kb with full speedcapability, to the current Pentium III series (1999), from450 Mhz well into the Ghz speed, 133 Mhz bus with a512kb to 2mb L2 cache with full speed capability. (As ofAugust 2000, a 1.5 Ghz Pentium IV has been announcedfor November release. Early chips have been problematic.)

There has also been a Pentium Pro (1995) with speeds inthe 166 Mhz to 266 Mhz range, and Pentium XEON(1998) to add to the group; a revised XEON version wasmade in 1999 in Pentium III configuration with speeds inthe 800+ Mhz range. There have been low power versionsfor laptops. In 1999, a lower performance version wasreleased, called the Celeron; it was designed to lower theoverall cost of computers that did not need ultra highperformance. The Celeron has a slower bus, smaller cacheand less efficient (slower) decision making path. ThePentium series CPUs were designed to run Windows butwill obviously run other OS software as well. See FSB.people connectionThe People Connection, or similar name, is most ISP 'smain chatting forum. There are always hundreds orthousands of people chatting about something.PerlA programming language whose acronym stands for"Practical Extraction and Report Language". Perl is apowerful, yet unstructured language that is especially goodfor writing quick and dirty programs that process text files.Because of these abilities, Perl is a common choice ofprogrammers for writing CGI scripts to automate input andoutput from web pages. Perl was invented in 1986 by LarryWall and is available to anyone at no charge. The library isnow Perl5.Here is the Perl version of "Hello World!":print "Hello World\n";permanent virtual circuit or PVC1. A PVC is a permanent channel connection between twoATM devices. PVC’s allow network transmissions to bestarted without having to first establish a connection withthe end point ATM device. When a PVC is constructed, theend points of the connection will agree upon a path inwhich data will travel, and therefore agree upon the routethat data will travel to reach its destination.2. A type of conduit pipe made of plastic used to tunnel orroute network and phone cables in some installations.personal computer - PCThe original personal computer model introduced by IBMin 1981. Because IBM was late to enter the desktopcomputer field, it created the PC with an "openarchitecture" so that it could compete with the then popularApple II computers. This open architecture meant that anycomputer manufacturer could legally manufacturePC-compatible machines that could run the same softwareas IBM's PC. Since IBM purchased its CPU chips fromIntel and its operating system (DOS) from Microsoft,makers of PC-compatibles (called clones at the time) wereable to utilize the same chips and OS as IBM. As a result,PCs became the most popular home computer, IBM'sfortunes dropped, and Microsoft and Intel became themulti-million dollar companies that they are today. Currentpopular usage of the term PC refers to both IBM produced

personal computers and PC-compatible computersproduced by other manufacturers.Personal PreferencesPersonal choices and preferences is your ISP 's onlinepreference utility. All services have some such device.With it you can change your multimedia preferences orchange your screen names, as well as other things. Whatyou select is what you get!Personal Filing Cabinet or PFCYour ISP's file organization tool, through your browser orservice.Personal Finance & ManagementA channel of most ISP online services that is dedicated toyour money, helping you to keep it and making it grow.Personal Web ServerSee PWS.petabyteA number that is the literal equivalent of 2 to the 50thpower (1,125,899,906,842,624) bytes; it is a quadrillion inthe American system. A petabyte is equal to 1,024terabytes. It is a noun and not an action (it has nothing todo with pets that bite). Don't know your KB from yourMB? Try our memory and storage converter. (Also seepowers of ten , kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, exabyte,zettabyte and yottabyte.)PGPSee Pretty Good Privacy.PhilipsA leading manufacturer and supplier in all commercialelectronics industries worldwide. They have severalInternational manufacturing and operations locations. Seethem at HTTP://WWW.PHILIPS.COM.PhishTrying to illegally obtain someone's password by falserepresentations. Frequently, "phishers" will send instantmessages or E-Mail to new members claiming that they areISP employees and need the password because of a systemproblem. GENERALLY, NO ISP STAFF MEMBER WILLEVER ASK FOR YOU PASSWORD. If you are asked foryour password, the person asking you is not an ISP staffmember, and they should be reported or ignored.PhoenixThe industry name for Phoenix Technologies, an industrypioneer and giant in the BIOS business for computers,hand held devices and phones. See them atHTTP://WWW.PHOENIX.COM.PHPPersonal Home Page is a server-side ( SSI ), HTMLembedded scripting language used to create dynamic Webpages. In an HTML document, PHP script (similar syntaxto that off Perl or C ) is enclosed within special PHP tags.Because PHP is embedded within tags, the author can jumpbetween HTML and PHP (similar to ASP and Cold Fusion)instead of having to rely on heavy amounts of code to

output HTML. And, because PHP is executed on theserver, the client cannot view the PHP code. PHP canperform any task any CGI program can do, but its strengthlies in its compatibility with many types of databases. Also,PHP can talk across networks using IMAP, SNMP, NNTP,POP3, or HTTP. PHP was created sometime in 1994 byRasmus Lerdorf. During mid 1997, PHP developmententered the hands of other contributers. Two of them, ZeevSuraski and Andi Gutmans, rewrote the parser from scratchto create PHP version 3 (PHP3). Today, PHP is shippedstandard with a number of Web servers, including RedHatLinux.physical layerLayer 1 of the OSI reference model. The physical layerdefines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, andfunctional specifications for activating, maintaining, anddeactivating the physical link between end systems.Corresponds with the physical control layer in the SNAmodel.picoA metric prefix that denotes the equivalent of onetrillionth, 10 to the -12th power, in the American system.See the inverse represented by terabyte.picosecondA measurement of time . There are 1,000,000,000,000 (atrillion) picoseconds in a second. For more information onboth common and uncommon timely tidbits, see ourdisplays of time and time zone conversions on our listingof various converters and calculators.Picture StudioPicture Studio is a place where you can learn about chatevents, search for pictures of your favorite chat partners, orcatch up on the latest hot community news. Most ISPservices provide such a service under various names.PINEAcronym for Program for Internet News and E-Mail, acharacter-based E-Mail client for UNIX systems.Developed at the University of Washington, PINE replacesan older E-Mail program called elm. They were somewhatsimilar but not exactly the same. Both are somewhatantiquated now.PING1. Abbreviation for Packet InterNet Groper. A connectiontesting program that sends a self-returning packet to a hostand times how long it takes to return.2. Great golf clubs.PIO1. Acronym for Programmed Input/Output, a method oftransferring data between two devices that uses thecomputer's main processor as part of the data path. ATAuses PIO and defines the speed of the data transfer in termsof the PIO mode implemented, as shown in the informationbelow:PIO Mode, Data Transfer Rate (MBps), Standard

0 3.3 ATA1 5.2 ATA2 8.3 ATA3 11.1 ATA-24 16.6 ATA-2ATA-3, ATA/33 and ATA/66 do not have a PIO modeassignment as of yet, although ATA-3 is often used inPIO4 since it is really a correction to ATA-2.pipelineIn DRAMs and SRAMs, a method for increasing theperformance using multistage circuitry to stack or save datawhile new data is being accessed. The depth of a pipelinevaries from product to product. For example, in an EDODRAM, one bit of data appears on the output while thenext bit is being accessed. In some SRAMs, pipelines maycontain bits of data or more.pixelA pixel is the smallest unit of space on a computer screen.Each little dot is a pixel. Resolution is a measure of howmany pixels you can fit on your screen. The greater theresolution, the smaller the images but the more you see onthe screen at one time. The greater the resolution, thelonger the screen refresh time and the slower the overalloperation. 640x480, 800x600 and 1024x768 are the mostcommon. Resolution and numbers of colors available aredetermine by your computer's video card capability. Moreoften than not, the larger the number of colors, the slowerthe operation. Most Internet operations are limited to 256colors; numbers set for greater than that do not usuallyhelp. Older equipment may only support 16 colors.PKUnzipPKUnzip is a standard DOS decompression utility used toextract files from .ZIP archives. There are also Windowsversions of this architecture; not all are from the originalPK company. PKZip is the compression utility. Theresulting files are called .ZIP files.The initials PK are from the company and architecturefounder, Phil Katz. Phil was a friend of mine and abusiness associate. We often discussed the viability of thecompression technology in the early 1980s. He felt iswould be big; I didn't but we still were close in sharingtechnology. Phil passed away in April of 2000. He ismissed already, especially by me. The PK company is atHTTP://WWW.PKWARE.COM.PKZipPKZip is a standard DOS compression utility used to creat.ZIP archives. There are also Windows versions of thisarchitecture; not all are from the original PK company.PKUnzip is the decompression utility. The resulting filesare called .ZIP files. The PK company is atHTTP://WWW.PKWARE.COM.PLAAn acronym for Programmable Logic Array, a chip (IC)based programmed logical program. PLAs are members of

a broad category of chips called PLDs.platform1. A platform is a version of interface software meant for aspecific computer. Examples of such software are for theDOS, Windows, Windows95, AS400, Data General, Unix,DEC, Magic Link, Casio Zoomer, and Macintoshplatforms. there are many more. Many ISPs only supporttwo or three platforms; some only one.2. Something that short programmers put chairs on so thatthey can reach the keyboard on top of the desk.PLDAn acronym for Programmable Logic Device. While oftenjust called a logic chip, it is an integrated circuit (IC) thatcan be programmed, with proper equipment, to performcomplex functions. A PLD consists of arrays of internalAND and OR gates (see Boolean ). A system designerimplements a logic design with a device programmer thatblows fuses on the PLD to control gate operation. Thelogic is based on which gates are open and which gates areclosed. System designers generally use developmentsoftware that converts basic code into programmaticinstructions a device programmer needs to create a designand put it into operation. PLD types can classified intothree groups, PROMs, PALs or GALs and PLAs, and twoclassifications, Simple PLDs (SPLD) and Complex PLDs,(CPLD).plug-and-play or PnPPlug and Play is at best a hopeful name. Long time industrypeople renamed the term to Plug and Pray. (it seems therewere many clergy involved in the original development.)PnP is the acronym (there is always an acronym...) that alsohas a counterpart, TnT, indicating how unstable the earlyPnP cards really were. Since R2 of W95, things have beenbetter. W2000 is supposed to really have a grip of sorts onPnP with an entire section of System devoted to it. Thetheory is that OS and card, working together, have theability within a computer system to automatically configureexpansion boards and other devices. You should be able toplug in a device and play with it, without worrying aboutsetting DIP switches, jumpers, and other configurationelements. Since the introduction of the NuBus, the AppleMacintosh has been a plug-and-play computer. The playersinvolved and the varied options are limited by Apple'sresistance to sharing technology. The Plug and Play (PnP)specification has made PCs more plug-and-play, althoughit doesn't always work as advertised.plug-inPlug-ins are software programs that extend the usability ofa program you are using, most often browsers. There areplug-ins for playing real time audio clips, video clips,animation, and more. Internet plug-ins work with your ISPservice or with your browser. Here is a source of themfrom Browser Watch.PNP

See plug-and-play.Point of Presence - POPA site that has a collection of telecommunicationsequipment, usually refers to ISP or telephone companysites. This is not to be confused with POP3, a particularmail server technology supporting Post Office Protocol.Point To Point ConnectionA data network circuit with one control and one tributary.Also see PPP.Point to Point ProtocolSee PPP.PONSPONS is an acronym for Passive Optical Network. This is ahigh bandwidth point to multipoint optical fiber networkbased on the asynchronous transfer mode protocol, (ATM).PONs generally consist of an OLT (Optical LineTermination), which is connected to ONUs (OpticalNetwork Units), more commonly known as subscriberterminals, using only fiber cables, optical splitters andother passive components (do not transmit signals usingelectricity). At present, a maximum 32 ONUs can beconnected to any one OLT but OLTs can be cascaded. TheOLT is located at a local exchange (CO), and the ONU islocated either on the street, in a building, or even in a user'shome. PONs rely on lightwaves instead of copper wire fordata transfer. In a PON, signals are routed over the locallink with all signals along that link going to all interimtransfer points. Optical splitters route signals through thenetwork; optical receivers at intermediate points andsubscriber terminals tuned for specific wavelengths of lightdirect signals intended for their groups of subscribers. Atthe final destination, a specific residence or business candetect its own and only its own, specified signal. PONs arecapable of delivering high volumes of upstream anddownstream bandwidth (up to 622 Mbps downstream and155 Mbps upstream), which can be changed "on-the-fly"depending on an individual user's needs. This type oftuning of the bandwidth is a technology that will be verypopular in the near future.POPSee Point of Presence . Also a protocol used for E-Mailfunctions, now in the 2nd revision, POP3. Most E-Mailapplications (sometimes called an E-Mail client) use thePOP protocol, although some can use the newer IMAP(Internet Message Access Protocol). There are two versionsof POP. The first, called POP2 (why did it start with a 2?Why ask why?), became a standard in the mid-80's andrequires SMTP to send messages. The newer version,POP3, can be used with or without SMTP. Most ISPs stilluse SMTP for transmission and only a few do NOT usePOP3.port1. A physical address on a computer or computer device.This may often be associated with a mapped mapped

memory location to allow certain types of connections ormay also be associated with a physical connecting device.This is often used in conjunction with Input/Outputdevices.2. A location we all look for in a storm; any will do!3. A programming beverage for sophisticatedprogrammers, usually enjoyed with cheese and crackers;most veteran (real!) programmers drink Pepsi and havemoon pies.portable1. A term used to describe hardware that is small andlightweight, and can be battery powered for at least anhour. A portable computer is a computer small enough tocarry. Portable computers include, ranging from largest tosmallest, laptops, notebook and subnotebook computers,hand-held computers, palmtops, and PDAs.2. An ambiguous term used to describe software has theability to run on a variety of computers. Portable andmachine independent mean the same thing; the softwaredoes not depend on a particular type of hardware. Java is alanguage that creates such software although there areother languages that do the same thing. The software mayrequire compiling for a platform but the native code is thesame.portalA Web site or service that offers a broad array of resourcesand services, most of which, but not all, are on-line, suchas e-mail, forums, search engines, and on-line shoppingmalls. The first Web portals were online services, such asAOL and Compuserve, that provided access to the Web,but by now most of the traditional search engines havetransformed themselves into Web portals to attract andkeep a larger audience. Typically, this sort of service alsoyields the user a central place to find what he needs. Seevortal.portfoliosPortfolios are an ISP feature that allows you to keep trackof your stocks.POSAn acronym for Point Of Sale. POS is both the time andplace in which a transaction is made and it describes aspecial terminal used in computerized accounting systems.POS computer systems include cash registers, opticalscanners, BAR code equipment, special printers, magneticcard readers, and special monitors or terminals. Readingmerchandise tags, updating inventory, checking credit anddirectly or indirectly interfacing with an accounting systemare some of the operations performed by the point of salesystem.POSIXAn acronym for Portable Operating System Interface forUNIX, a group of IEEE and ISO standards that more orless define an interface between programs and hypotheticaloperating systems. (This has nothing to do with portable

devices.) By designing their programs to conform toPOSIX standards and requirements, software developershave some degree of assurance that their software can beeasily ported to POSIX compliant operating systems, nowand in the future. At present, this includes most flavors andofferings of UNIX as well as Windows NT. The standard isloose at the moment but will be more stringent in thefuture. The POSIX standards are now maintained by adivision of the IEEE called the Portable ApplicationsStandards Committee ( PASC). Considering the impact ofportability of operating systems, this may well be animportant factor in the future of computing.post1. To send a message to a public area like a BBS ornewsgroup where it can be read by many others.2. A programmer's work area; Man your post!Post MasterThe name given to the person in charge of dealing withE-Mail for a particular site. In the case of mail, it ispostmaster (all one word, lower case). According toconvention, mail sent to postmaster@your.com should beread by a real live person, if you have one.Post OfficeThe ISP post office is an area that helps new membersacclimate themselves to the world of E-Mail . There aremany forms of E-Mail and the exact protocol is differentfrom one ISP to another.POTSShort for plain old telephone service, which refers to thestandard telephone service that most homes use. Incontrast, telephone services based on high-speed, digitalcommunications lines, such as ISDN and FDDI, are notPOTS. The main distinctions between POTS andnon-POTS services are speed and bandwidth . POTS isgenerally restricted to about 52 Kbps (52,000 bits persecond). The POTS network is also called the publicswitched telephone network (PSTN).POTS splitterA frequency splitting device used on standard POTS linesto invoke operations involved with others services, such asDSL operations. In the case of ADSL, the splitter dividesthe total bandwidth of the line into three channels, one forfairly high speed downloading, one for medium speeduploading and one for standard voice. All can take place onthe same standard dialup line at the same time. Each uses adifferent frequency.power newbieAn enthusiastic newbie (network newcomer) who takesadvantage of educational resources in an effort to become aknowbie. Power newbies share their knowledge with othernewbies both face-to-face and in bulletin boards and chatrooms. See also newbie and knowbie.powers of tenWe offer a wonderful page we found at Cal Tech as an

understandable source of information on the powers of tenas related to data. See it here! . (Also see kilobyte ,megabyte , gigabyte , terabyte , exabyte , petabyte ,zettaabyte and yottabyte.)PowerQuestPowerQuest Corporation, by self-definition, is a leadingsoftware developer and technology pioneer, providingsolutions to simplify complex storage management issues.We think that is modest. We define them as producingsome of the best software available to do things with diskdrives that DOS, Windows, Novell and Linux can probablydo, but take much longer, in many more steps and have farless acceptable results. We have found that our businesscannot get along without them. See them atWWW.POWERQUEST.COM.power supply1. The component that supplies power to a computer orother electrical device. Most personal computers can beplugged into standard electrical outlets. The power supplythen pulls the required amount of electricity and convertsthe AC current to DC current. It also regulates the voltageto eliminate voltage or current spikes and surges commonin most electrical systems. Not all power supplies,however, do an adequate voltage-regulation job, so acomputer is always susceptible to large voltagefluctuations. Power supplies are rated in terms of thenumber of watts they generate. The more powerful thecomputer, the more watts it can provide to components. Ingeneral, 200 watts should be sufficient. See UPS .2. The term given to an electrical generator, used wherepower is not available always or at all.PPPPoint to Point Protocol, one of two standard methods ofconnecting to the Internet. With a PPP account, you canconnect to some generally direct connect services over theInternet . As the name implies, it is a protocol .PPTPAn acronym for Point to Point Tunneling Protocol, a newtechnology for creating Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) ,developed jointly by Microsoft Corporation, U.S. Robotics(now 3COM), and several remote access vendorcompanies, known collectively as the PPTP Forum. AVPN is a private network of computers that uses the publicInternet to connect some nodes. Because the Internet isessentially an open network, the Point to Point TunnelingProtocol (PPTP) is used to ensure that messagestransmitted from one VPN node to another are secure.With PPTP, users can dial in to their corporate network viathe Internet. Although PPTP has been submitted to theIETF for standardization, it is currently available only onnetworks served by a Windows NT 4.0 server and Linux.See L2F and L2TP , two competing but similartechnologies.PQ

An acronym for Priority Queuing. It is the assignment oforder of operation.precharge1. On a DRAM, the amount of time required between acontrol signal's (such as RAS) transition to an inactive stateand its next transition to an active state.2. With your children, it is a time before you allow them touse your credit cards. The skill of charging is usuallytaught by the wife in the family.PreferencesAn ISP software feature that allows you to customize suchfeatures as sound and text size. A group of optionscontrolled by you.presentation layerLayer 6 of the OSI reference model. This layer ensures thatinformation sent by the application layer of one system willbe readable by the application layer of another. Thepresentation layer is also concerned with the data structuresused by programs and therefore negotiates data transfersyntax for the application layer. Corresponds roughly withthe presentation services layer of the SNA model. See alsoapplication layer, LLC, MAC, network layer, physicallayer , PQ , session layer , and transport layer .Pretty Good Privacy - PGPA program, developed by Phil Zimmerman, that usescryptography to protect files and electronic mail from beingread by others. PGP also includes a feature which allowsusers to digitally "sign" a document or message, in order toprovide non-forgeable proof of authorship. Newtechnology is under consideration by the government toallow such actions to be legal and binding.PRIAn acronym for Primary Rate Interface, an ISDN serviceproviding users with 23 64 kbps bearer (or B) channels formessage information and 1 64 kbps data (or D) channel forsignaling and control over an existing telephone line. Thisservice has been antiquated with the advent of DSLvariations.primary memorySee RAM and secondary memory.print1. If you have a printer connected to your computer, youcan use the PRINT option under the FILE menu to printtext and some pictures.2. The fine stuff you didn't bother to read when you signedup for 50 years of Internet service at $50 a month becauseyou thought it was a great deal!ProdigyA commercial online ISP and Internet service.programA series of instructions that tell a computer what to do.Also, as a verb, to create or revise a program. Seeprogrammer.programmer

1. An individual who creates or revises a program on anysort of device that responds to structured instructions as thecontrol for operations. 2. A device that places instructionsinto a PROM , ROMROM or other chip for use in acomputerized device.programming languageA computer language that programmers utilize to createprograms. C, Perl, Java, BASIC, and COBOL are examplesof programming languages. In essence, programminglanguages are translators that take words and symbols andconvert them to binary codes that the CPU can understand.See also Ada, APL, AppleScript, assembly language, awk,C++, CODASYL, cxml, Delphi, Eiffel, FORTRAN,GW-BASIC, MBASIC, NetBASIC, MuBASIC, JavaScript,JScript, LISP, machine language, P-Code, microcode,Modula-2, K-Man, MUMPS, Pascal, Prolog, pseudocode,Python, QBASIC, VBASIC, query language, RPG,Smalltalk, Turtle, BasicA, SQL, Tcl, UML, VBScript,Visual Basic and Visual C++.progressive renderingProgressive rendering is a download method where the filebegins to display itself before the download is completed.Downloading a graphic with some ISP's latest software andmost current browsers use this technique. It is also calledSmart Art, streamers, quick grafix and similar "catchy"names.protocolA set of rules that governs how information is to beexchanged between computer systems. See TCP/IP, SLIPor PPP as an example of a protocol used to connect to theInternet . Also used in certain structured chat rooms torefer to the order in which people may speak.PROM1. An acronym for Programmable Read-Only Memory. Atype of read-only memory ( ROM) that allows data to bewritten into the device with hardware called a PROMprogrammer , often termed a burner. After a PROM hasbeen programmed, it is dedicated to that data, and it cannotbe reprogrammed. PROMs are part of the PLD family ofchips.2. A wonderful social event of the 50's, 60's and 70's.proxyA server (actual hardware and software) that sits between aclient application, such as a Web browser, and a realserver. It intercepts all or designated requests to the realserver, local or distant, to see if it can fulfill the requestsitself. If not, it forwards the request to the real server.Proxy servers have two main purposes:1. Improve Performance: Proxy servers can dramaticallyimprove performance for groups of users. This is because itsaves the results of all requests for a certain amount oftime, in memory buffers of its own. Consider the casewhere both user X and user Y access the World Wide Webthrough a proxy server. First user X requests a certain Web

page, which we'll call Page 1. Sometime later, user Yrequests the same page. Instead of forwarding the requestto the Web server where Page 1 resides, which can be atime-consuming operation, the proxy server simply returnsthe Page 1 that it already fetched for user X. Since theproxy server is often on the same network as the user, thisis a much faster operation than pulling the sameinformation more than once. Real proxy servers supporthundreds or thousands of users. The major online servicessuch as Compuserve and America Online, for example,employ an array of proxy servers.2. Filter Requests: Proxy servers can also be used to filterrequests, usually for security. For example, a companymight use a proxy server to prevent its employees fromaccessing a specific set of Web sites. Those types ofapplications are often used with FIREWALL functions togive company LANs and servers protection both ways onthe Web. See ANALOGX.PSTNShort for Public Switched Telephone Network, whichrefers to the international telephone system based oncopper wires carrying analog voice data. This is in contrastto newer telephone networks base on digital technologies,such as ISDN and FDDI. Telephone service carried by thePSTN is often called plain old telephone service (POTS).Most telephone companies are trying to filter data andstreaming services into one network and leave the PSTNfor mostly voice usage. See ISDL.puntAnother phrase for being disconnected during your onlinesession. (i.e. - I was punted offline last night - probably for good reason!)purge the cacheThe effort to delete the files the web browser has stored(cached) on your disk. These files were stored on your diskso they could be retrieved quickly if you returned to thesame web sites. Sometimes when purging the cache,cookies are also deleted. This usually requires that youagain fill out certain information at key sites you havepreviously visited and have authorization to visit regularly.This is not to be confused with "purge the cash", a termoften used and associated with the need to upgrade .PVCSee permanent virtual circuit.PWSPWS is an abbreviation for one of the many Microsoftproducts directed at making the distance from your desktopto the Internet seem smaller, Personal Web Server. It isalso the acronym for Peer Web Services which is more orless the same thing only based on NT. PWS is the babybrother of IIS, Internet Information Server. Both productsare hybrid compilations and substitutes for an Internetcapable web server. PWS runs on the local operatingsystem, on the local hard disk, simulating a separatecomputer to psuedo-serve pages to an Intranet or LAN, or

possibly the Internet under the most controlled ofconditions. PWS has virtually no security and is aninvitation to trouble if used in the "real world". PWS is asimple HTML server used in a local office peer-to-peernetwork that does support Microsoft's Front Page activitiesand extensions. It was originally introduced for W95, latermigrated to NT4 and works with upward compatibleproducts from Microsoft. There is also a MAC version.You can look at what Microsoft has to say about PWS andalso how to set up either flavor of PWS. The product hasnever been terribly popular, probably because it is far moreefficient (and probably far less trouble) to set up a regularserver. Only a couple of pages on Microsoft's vast array ofservers are designated for information about the PWSfeebie as far as making it available to you. Roughly 340pages are dedicated to troubleshooting it. Is there a cluethere?

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AFRL Acronym DictionaryAAcronyms - AAcronym DefinitionA/C AircraftAAA Anti-Aircraft ArtilleryAAAS American Association for the Advancement of ScienceAAM Air to Air MissileAAR Air to Air RefuelingAAVP Advanced Aircrew Vision ProtectionABDR Aircraft Battle Damage RepairABL Airborne LaserABLE ACE Airborne Laser Extended Atmospheric CharacterizationExperimentABLEX Airborne Laser ExperimentABO Annular Beam OscillatorABR Aero-Ballistic RocketACC Air Combat CommandACCINTNET ACC Intelligence NetworkAceTR Air core enhanced Turbo RocketACM Air Combat ManeuveringACS Aerospace Medicine Consultation ServiceACTD Advanced Concept Technology DemonstrationACTIVE Advanced Controls Technology for Integrated VehiclesADC Analog to Digital ConverterADM Advanced Development ModelADONIS AMOS Daytime Optical Near-Infrared Imaging SystemADS Advanced Distributed SimulationADT Active Denial TechnologyAEDC Arnold Engineering Development CenterAEF Aerospace Engineering FacilityAEOS Advanced Electro-Optical SystemAETC Air Education and Training CommandAFAE Air Force Acquisition ExecutiveAFCEE Air Force Center for Environmental ExcellenceAFCS Automatic Flight Control SystemAFEWES Air Force Electronic Warfare Effectiveness SimulatorAFGIHS Air Force Geographic Information Handling SystemAFIT Air Force Institute of TechnologyAFMC Air Force Materiel CommandAFMSS Air Force Mission Support SystemAFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchAFRES Air Force ReservesAFRL Air Force Research LaboratoryAFSAA Air Force Studies and Analysis AgencyAFSFC Air Force Space Forcasting CenterAFSOC Air Force Special Operations CommandAFSPC Air Force Space CommandAFTAC Air Force Technical Applications CenterAFV Alterante Fuel VehicleAGARD Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and DevelopmentAGC Automatic Gain Control

AGE Aerospace Ground EquipmentAGL Above Ground LevelAGL Air to Ground LaserAGM Air to Ground MissileAGRF Advanced Guidance Research FacilityAHDL Analog Hardware Descriptive LanguageAI Artificial IntelligenceAIA Air Intelligence AgencyAIM Air Intercept MissileAIRST Advanced Infrared Search and TrackAIT Active Imaging TestbedAJ Anti-JamAL Armstrong LabALARM Air-Launched Anti-Radiation MissileALC Air Logistics CenterALCM Air Launched Cruise MissileALG Autonomous Landing GuidanceALH Advanced Liquid HydrogenAMC Air Mobility CommandAMDRFM Advanced Monolithic Digital Radio Frequency MemoryAMFABS Advanced Maintenance Free Aircraft Battery SystemAMLCD Active Matrix Liquid Crystal DisplayAMOS Air Force Maui Optical StationAMRAAM Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air MissileANG Air National GuardAOA Analysis of Alternatives (formerly: COEA)AOA Angle of AttackAOARD Asian Office of Aerospace Research and DevelopmentAOIB All-Optical Imaging BrassboardAPSI Aircraft Propulsion Subsystem Integration (JTDE & JETEC)APT Advanced Personnel TestingAPU Auxiliary Power UnitARGOS Advanced Research and Global Observation SatelliteARM Anti-radiation MissileARSFSS Advanced Reduced Scale Fuel System SimulatorASAN Assessment System for Aircraft NoiseASAS Advanced Solid Axial StageASAT AntisatelliteASC Advanced Structural ComponentsASC Aeronautical Systems CenterASIP Airframe Structural Integrity ProgramASP Aircraft Self-ProtectionASRAAM Advanced Short-Range Air to Air MissileASSET Aerothermodynamics/Elastic Strucural Systems EnvironmentalTestsASTAT Affordable Sensor Technology for Aerial TargetingASTREX Advanced Space Structures Technology Research ExperimentATAF Allied Tactical Air ForcesATAGS Advanced Technology Anti-G SuitATARR Advanced Turbine Aerothermal Research RigATD Advanced Technology DemonstrationATEGG Advanced Turbine Engine Gas GeneratorATF Advanced Tactical FighterATIRCM Advanced Threat Infrared Countermeasures

ATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeATR Air Turbo RocketATR Automatic Target RecognitionATRI Advanced Thermionics Research InitiativeATS Automatic Test SystemATTD Advanced Technology Transition DemonstrationAVBATTS Aviation Battery StandardizationAWACS Airborne Warning and Control SystemBAcronyms - BAcronym DefinitionBA Budget AuthorityBAA Broad Agency AnnouncementBAC Budget Activity CodeBAe British AerospaceBAI Battle Area InterdictionBDA Bomb Damage AssessmentBDU Bomb, Dummy UnitBEA Budget Estimate AgreementBES Budget Estimate SubmissionBiFET Bipolar Field Effect TransistorBIPS Billion Instruction Per SecondBIST Built-in-Self-TestBIT Built in TestBLADE-GT Blade Life Analysis and Design Evaluation for Gas TurbinesBLING Bladed ringBLISK Bladed diskBLU Bomb, Live UnitBMC3I Battle Management C3IBMC4ISR Battle Mangement C4I Surveillance and ReconnaissanceBMDO Ballistic Missile Defense OrganizationBMT Ballistic Missile TechnologyBPAC Budget Program Activity CodeBPR Bypass RatioBVR Beyond Visual RangeCAcronyms - CAcronym DefinitionC2 Command and ControlC2W Command and Control WarfareC3 Command, Control, and CommunicationsC3I Command, Control, Communications, and IntelligenceC4 Command, Control, Communication, and ComputersCA Cooperative AgreementCA Counter AirCAD Computer Aided DesignCAE Computer Aided EngineeringCAM Computer Aided ManufacturingCAMIS Computer Assisted Minimally Invasive SurgeryCAP Combat Air PatrolCARL Compressor Aero Research LaboratoryCAS Close Air SupportCASE Computer Aided Software Engineering

CATT Computer Assisted Technolgy TransferCCD Charged Couple DeviceCCIP Continuously-Computed Impact PointCCM Counter-CountermeasureCCRP Continuosly-Computed Release PointCCS Charge Control SystemCCW Command and Control WarfareCDFS Core Driven Fan StageCDMA Code Division Muliple AccessCEP Circular Error ProbableCFD Computational Fluid DynamicsCFIPT Customer Focused Integrated Product TeamCFIT Controlled Flight into TerrainC-HFET Complementary Heterostructure Field Effect TransistorCICA Competition in Contracting ActCI/LI Corrosion Inhibitor/Lubricity Improver (MIL-I-25017)CINC Combined Intelligence CenterCIO Corporate Information Office(r)CM CountermeasureCMAWS Common Missile Approach Warning SystemCMC Ceramic Matrix CompositeCMWS Common Missile Warning SystemCNI Communications, Navigation, and IdentificationCOBRA Complete Oil Breakdown Rate AnalyzerCoDE Coherent Digital ExciterCOEA Cost and Operational Effectiveness AnalysisCOIL Chemical Oxygen-Iodine LaserCOTS Commercial Off-the-ShelfCRADA Cooperative Research and Development AgreementCRF Compressor Research FacilityCRRES Combined Release and Radiation Effects SatelliteCRT Cathode Ray TubeCSAR Combat Search and RescueCSAT Crew System Associate TechnologyCTAPS Contingency Tactical Air Combat System Automated PlanningSystemCTBT Comprehensive Test Ban TreatyCTC Center Technology CouncilCW Continuous WaveDAcronyms - DAcronym DefinitionD2 Degrade and DestroyD3 Degrade, Disrupt, DenyD4 Degrade, Disrupt, Deny, DestroyDAD Distributed Architecture DecoyDAFECS Digital Authority Full Engine Control SystemDAMA Demand Assigned Multiple AccessDARO Defense Airborne Reconnaissance OfficeDARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyDARTS Dynamic Avionics Real-Time SchedulingDAWS Defense Automated Warning SystemDC Differential CorrectionDC-X Delta Clipper Experimental

DDR&E Director, Defense Research and EngineeringDEA Data Exchange AgreementDEECS Digital Electonic Engine Control SystemDEM/VAL Demonstration and ValidationDEW Directed Energy WeaponDGPS Differential Global Positioning SystemDIA Defense Intelligence AgencyDIAL Differential Absorption LidarDICE Data Integration and Collection EnvironmentDIRCM Directed Infrared CountermeasuresDIS Distributed Interactive SimulationDJ Deceptive JammingDLA Defense Logistics AgencyDMA Defense Mapping AgencyDMD Digital Micromirror DeviceDME Distance Measuring EquipmentDMR Dual-Mode RamjetDMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite ProgramDNA Defense Nuclear AgencyDoD Department of DefenseDoDIIS Department of Defense Intelligence Information SystemDP Development PrototypeDPG Defense Planning GuidanceDPL Diode-Pumped LaserDRFM Digital Radio Frequency MemoryDSB Defense Science BoardDSCS Defense Satellite Communication SystemDSN Defense Switched NetworkDSO Defensive System OperatorDSS Decision Support SystemDT&E Development, Test, and EvaluationDTAP Defense Technolgy Area PlanDTM Data Transfer ModuleDUSD Deputy Undersecretary of DefenseEAcronyms - EAcronym DefinitionEA Electronic AttackECCM Electronic Counter-CountermeasuresECM Electronic CountermeasuresECM Engine Condition MonitoringEELV Evolved Expendable Launch VehicleEFS-M Enhanced Flight Screening-MedicalEHF Extremely High FrequencyEIS Environmental Impact StatementELINT Electronic IntelligenceELMC Electrical Load Management CentersELO Extremely Low ObservableELV Expendable Launch VehicleEM ElectromagneticEMC Electromagnetic CompatibilityEMD Electromagnetic Manufacturing DevelopmentEMI Electromagnetic InterferenceEMP Electromagnetic Pulse

EO Electro-OpticalEOB Electonic Order of BattleEO/IR Electro-optical/InfraredEP Electronic ProtectionEPAD Electrically Powered Actuation DeviceEPU Emergency Power UnitERASER Enhanced Recognition and Sensing RadarERINT Extended Range InterceptorESAD Electronic Safe and Arm DeviceESAI Expanded Situational Awareness InsertionESC Electronic Systems CenterESEX Electric Propulsion Space ExperimentESM Electronic Support MeasuresEWO Electronic Warfare Officer (backseater)EXLITE Extended Life TireFAcronyms - FAcronym DefinitionFAA Federal Aviation AdministrationFAC Forward Air ControllerFADEC Full Authority Digital Engine ControlFATE Female Acceleration Tolerance EnhancementFATE Future Aircraft Technology EnhancementFBL Fly by LightFBW Fly by WireFCS Flight Control SystemFCT Foreign Comparative TestFDDI Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceFEA Finite Element AnalysisFFRDC Federally Funded Research and Development CenterFISTA Flying Infrared Signatures Technology AircraftFLASER Forward Looking Infrared Laser RadarFLC Federal Laboratory ConsortiumFLEX Force Level ExecutionFLIR Forward Looking InfraredFOC Full Operational CapabilityFOD Foreign Object DamageFOG Fiber Optic GyroFoV Field of ViewFPA Focal Plane ArrayFPGA Field Programmable Gated ArrayFSII Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (MIL-I-27686)FTS Fourier Transform SpectrometerFWV Fixed Wing VehicleFY Fiscal YearGAcronyms - GAcronym DefinitionGaAs Gallium ArsenideGBL Ground-Based LaserGbps Giga bits per secondGBU Guided Bomb UnitGDIP General Defense Intelligence Program

GEO Geosynchronous OrbitGHz GigahertzGLOB Ground Loving Old Bastard (KC-135)G-LOC G-Induced Loss of ConsciousnessGPR Ground Penetrating RadarGPS Global Positioning SystemGRFL Groundwater Remediation Field LaboratoryHAcronyms - HAcronym DefinitionHAARP High Frequency Active Auroral Research ProgramHAE High Altitude, long-Endurance (UAV)HAN Hydroxylammonium NitrateHARM High-Speed Anti-Radiation MissileHBCU/MI Historically Black Colleges and Universities/Minority InstitutionsHBT Heterojunction Bipolar TransistorHCF High Cycle FatigueHEDM High Energy Density MatterHEL High Energy LaserHELSTF High Energy Laser Test FacilityHEML High Energy Microwave LaboratoryHEMT High Electron Mobility TransistorHF High FrequencyHiMAT Highly Maneuverable Aircraft TechnologyHiMaTE High Mach Turbine EngineHIPRA High Speed Digital Processor ArchitectureHIRF High Intensity Radiation FieldsHLPS Hot Liquid Process SimulatorHMT/D Helmet-Mounted Tracker and DisplayHOBA High Off-Boresight AngleHOTAS Hands On Throttle and StickHPC High Pressure CompressorHPM High Power MicrowaveHP-MSOGS High Performance-Molecular Sieve Oxygen Generation SystemHPT High Pressure TurbineHPSLT High Power Semiconductor Laser TechnologyHPT High Pressure TurbineHQ HeadquartersHSAL High Speed Algebraic LogicHSC Human Systems CenterHSI Hyperspectral ImagingHSR High Speed ResearchHTS High Temperature SuperconductivityHUD Heads Up DisplayHySTP Hypersonic Systems Technology ProgramHyTech Hypersonic TechnologyHz HertzIAcronyms - IAcronym DefinitionIADS Integrated Air Defense SystemIC Integrated CircuitICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

ICNIS Integrated Communication, Navigation, and Identification SystemICOT Isothermal Corrosion Oxidation TestICTP Information Collection, Transfer, and ProcessingID IdentificationIDAL Integrated Defense Avionics LaboratoryIDASS Intelligence Data Analysis System for SpacecraftIDHS Intelligence Data Handling SystemIEEE Institute for Electrical and Electronics EngineersIESS Integrated Electromagnetic System SimulatorIETM Interactive Electronic Technical ManualIFSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture RadarIGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar TransistorIHPRPT Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion TechnologyIHPTET Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine TechnologyIIR Imaging InfraredIIS/G Internal Integral Starter/GeneratorILS Instrument Landing SystemIMDSPO Integrated Maintenance Data SPOIMIS Integrated Maintenance Information SystemIMU Inertial Measurement UnitINFOSEC Information SecurityInP Indium PhosphideINS Inertial Navigation SystemIPT Integrated Product TeamIPU Integrated Power UnitIR InfraredIRAD Independent Research and DevelopmentIRADS Infrared Attack & Designation System (F-117)IRCM Infrared CountermeasuresIRI Ionospheric Research InstrumentIRMA Infrared Modeling and AnalysisIRR Integral Rocket EngineIRST Infrared Search and TrackISA Instrumentation Society of AmericaIsp Specific ImpulseISS Integrated Sensor SystemISTD Integrated Space Technology DemonstrationISTF Integrated Space Technology FlightsITB Integrated Test BedITS Intelligent Tutoring SystemJAcronyms - JAcronym DefinitionJASSM Joint Air to Surface Stand-off MissileJAST Joint Advance Strike Technology (now JSF)JDAM Joint Direct Attack MunitionJDL Joint Directors of LaboratoriesJETEC Joint Expendable Turbine Engine ConceptsJFACC Joint Force Air Component CommanderJFTOT Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation TesterJ/IST JSF/Integrated Subsystem TechnologyJITMT U.S.-Japan Industry and Technology Management TrainingJ-MASS Joint Modeling and Simulation SystemJMSP Joint Multispectral Sensor Program

JP-5 Jet Propellant 5 (standard high flash point Navy fuel,MIL-T-5624)JP-7 Jet Propellant 7 (high temperature, low volatility jet fuel,MIL-T-38219)JP-8 Jet Propellant 8 (standard AF kerosene jet fuel, MIL-T-83133)JP-10 Jet Propellant 10 (standard missile fuel, MIL-P-87107)JPATS Joint Primary Aircraft Training SystemJPL Jet Propulsion LaboratoryJPTS Jet Propellant Thermally Stable (high thermal stability, highaltitude fuel, MIL-T-25524)JR Jam ResistanceJSEP Joint Service Electronics ProgramJSF Joint Strike FighterJSIMS Joint Simulation SystemJSOW Joint Standoff WeaponJSTARS Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Reconnaissance SystemJTAGG Joint Turbine Advanced Gas GeneratorJTDE Joint Technology Demonstrator EngineJTIDS Joint Tactical Information Distribution SystemJWARS Joint Warfare SimulationJWICA Joint Warfighter Capabilities AssessmentJWID Joint Warfighter Interoperability DemonstrationKAcronyms - KAcronym DefinitionKEAS Knots Equivalent AirspeedKEFH 1,000 Engine Flgiht HoursKEW Kinetic Energy WeaponkHz KilohertzKKV Kinetic Kill VehicleKMOR Keep Missile on the RailLAcronyms - LAcronym DefinitionLADAR Light Amplification for Detection and RangingLADD Llow-Angle Drogue DeliveryLAN Local Area NetworkLANL Los Alamos National LaboratoryLANTIRN Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for NightLaRC Langley Research CenterLASE Large Aperture Speckle ExperimentLASRE Linear Aerospike SR-71 ExperimentLBD Laser Beam DetectorLBO Lean BlowOutLCC Lifecycle CostLEAP Lightweight Exo-Atmospheric ProjectileLED Light Emitting DiodeLEO Low Earth OrbitLFD Linear Finite-DifferenceLGB Laser Guided BombLIDAR Light Detection and RangingLIFE Laser Infrared Flyout ExperimentLIME Laser Induced Microwave Emissions

LLLTV Low Light Level TelevisionLO Low ObservableLOCAAS Low Cost Anti-Armor SubmunitionLOCAAS Low Cost Autonomous Attack (formerly Anti-Armor)SubmunitionLORAN Long-Range Radio Aid to NavigationLOROPS Long-Range Oblique Optical SystemLPD Low Probablitiy of DetectionLPI Low Probability of InterceptLPT Low Pressure TurbineLRU Line Replaceable UnitLWIR Long Wavelength InfraredMAcronyms - MAcronym DefinitionM&S Modeling and SimulationMAA Mission Area AssessmentMACET Modular Algorithm Concept Evaluation ToolMAD Mutually Assured DestructionMADMEL (Power) Management And Distribution System for the MoreElectric aircraftMAFET Microwave and Analog Front-End Technology ProgramMAGIC Multimission Advanced Ground Intelligent ControlMAJCOM Major CommandMANS Microcosm Autonomous Navigation SystemManTech Manufacturing TechnologyMAP Mission Area PlanMATV Multi-Axis Thrust VectoringMAWS Missile Approach Warning SystemMBE Molecular Beam EpitaxyMBV Model Based VisionMCA Multichip AssemblyMCD Minimum Cost DesignMCM Multichip ModuleMCT Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Controlled TransistorMDA Metal De-ActivatorMEA More Electric AircraftMELA Munition Export License ApplicationMEMS Microelectromechanical SystemMFD Multifunction DisplayMILO Magnetically Insulated Line OscillatorMILSATCOM Military Satellite CommunicationsMILSTAR Military Strategic and Tectical Relay SatelliteMIMIC Microwave/Millimeter Wave Monolithic Integrated CircuitMIR Microwave Imaging RadiometerMIRFS Multifunction Integrated Radio Frequency System (JAST)MLV Medium Launch VehicleMMC Metal Matrix CompositeMMC Modular Mission ComputerMMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated CircuitMMTD Miniaturized Munition Technology DemonstrationMMW Millimeter WaveMNS Mission Needs StatementMOA Memorandum of Agreement

MOOTW Military Operations Other Than WarMOTIF Maui Optical Tracking and Identification FacilityMPM Microwave Power ModuleMPP Modernization Planning ProcessMRMMS Millimeter Wave Reflectivity Measurement SystemMSI Multispectral ImagerMSO Mission Support OfficerMSTAR Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and RecognitionMSTRS Miniture Satellite Threat Reporting SystemMSX Midcourse Space ExperimentMTBF Mean Time Between FailureMTD Missile Technology DemonstrationMTI Moving Target IndicatorMTV More Electric Test VehicleMW MicrowaveNAcronyms - NAcronym DefinitionNAIC National Air Intelligence CenterNASA National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA DFRC NASA Dryden Flight Research CenterNASIP Navy Airframe Structural Integrity ProgramNASM National Air and Space (Warfare) ModelNASM National Air and Space MuseumNASP National Aerospace PlaneNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNAVAIRSYSCOM Naval Air Systems CommandNavTEL Navigational Test and Evaluation LaboratoryNAWC Naval Air Warfare CenterNDB Non-Directional BeaconNDE Non-Destructive EvaluationNDI/E Non-Destructive Inspection/EvaluationNGP Next Generation (Fire Suppression) PlanNIFTR Near Isothermal Flowing Test RigNIST National Institute of Standards and TechnologyNLO Non-Linear OpticsNORAD Northern Region Air DefenseNOx Nitrous OxideNRC National Research CouncilNRL Naval Reseach LaboratoryNSA National Security AgencyNVG Night Vision GogglesOAcronyms - OAcronym DefinitionO&M Operations and MaintenanceOBOGS On-Board Oxygen Generation SystemOBIGGS On-Board Inert Gas Generating SystemODM Oil Debris MonitoringOFP Operational Flight ProgramONR Office of Naval ResearchOPO Optical Parametric OscillatorORTA Office of Research and Technology Applications

OSA Optical Society of AmericaOSD Office of the Secretary of DefenseOSD(C) Office of the Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)OSINT Open Source IntelligenceOSO Offensive System OperatorOT&E Operational Test and EvaluationOTH Over The HorizonOTH-B Over-the-Horizon Radar BackscatterPAcronyms - PAcronym DefinitionP3I Pre-Planned Product ImprovementP4A Programmable Powdered Preform Process for AerospacePA&E Program Assessment and EvaluationPACAF Pacific Air ForcePACE Point-Ahead Compensation ExperimentPASP Plus Photovoltaic Array Space Power Plus DiagnosticsPAVE Precision Avionics Vectoring EquipmentPAWS Parallel Assessment Window SystemPBD Program Budget DirectivePC Personal ComputerPC PhotoconductivePCCADS Panoramic Cockpit Control and Display SystemPCD Polycrystalline DiamondPCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International AssociationPD Pulse Doppler (Radar)PDE Pulse Detonation EnginePDF Precision Direction FinderPDM Program Decision MemorandumPDRE Pulse Detonation Rocket EnginePE Program ElementPEBB Power Electronic Building BlockPerFECT Peroxide in Fuel Estimation and Concentration TestPF-1 Priming Fluid 1 (MIL-P-87173)PGM Precision Guided MunitionsPILOT Phased Integrated Laser Optics TechnologyPIM Parameterized Ionosphere ModelPIO Pilot Induced OscillationPIP Product Improvement PlanPiSi Platinum SilicidePk Kill ProbabilityPL Phillips LaboratoryPLAID Precision Location and IdentificationPMAD Power Management and DistributionPMD Program Management DirectivePMMW Passive Millimeter WavePOL Petroleum, Oil, and LubricantsPOM Program Objective MemorandumPPBS Planning, Program, and Budgeting SystemPPLN Periodically Poled Lithium NiobatePRF Pulse Repetition FrequencyPRFECT Prediction RF Effects Coupling ToolPRG Program Review GroupPRK Photorefractive Keratectomy

PROTEC Programmable Ordnance TechnologyPSIDS Prototype Secondary Information Dissemination SystemPVC Pneumatic Vortex ControlPVI Pilot/Vehicle InterfaceQAcronyms - QAcronym DefinitionQML Qualified Manufacturers ListQPL Qualified Products ListQWIP Quantum Well Infrared PhotodetectorRAcronyms - RAcronym DefinitionR&D Research and DevelopmentR&D GTDS R&D Goddard Trajectory Determination SystemR&M Reliability and MaintainabilityRAAP Rapid Application of Air PowerRAILE Retro-Assisted Imaging Laser ExperimentRAM Radar Absorbing MaterialRAMTIP Reliability and Maintainability Technology Insertion ProgramRASER Research and Seeker Emulation RadarRCS Radar Cross SectionRDT&E Research, Development, Test, and EvaluationRF Radio FrequencyRFCM Radio Frequency CountermeasureRFP Request for ProposalRK Radial KeratectomyRL Rome LabRLG Ring Laser GyroRM&S Reliability, Maintainability, and SupportabilityRP-1 Rocket Propellant 1 (standard kerosene rocket fuel,MIL-P-25576)RPV Remotely Piloted VehicleRSLP Rocket System Launch ProgramRTIC Real-Time Information in the CockpitRTOC Real-Time Information out of the CockpitRTSMP Real-Time Symmetric MultiprocessorRULER Remaining Useful Life Evaluation Routine (lubricants)RWR Radar Warning ReceivergRx ReceiveSAcronyms - SAcronym DefinitionS&T Science and TechnologySAB Scientific Advisory BoardSADARM Search and Destroy Armor MunitionSAL Semi-Active LaserSALT Strategic Arms Limitation TreatySAM Surface to Air MissileSAR Search and RescueSAR Synthetic Aperture Radar

SAR Special Access RequiredSATCOM Satellite CommunicationsSAVI Space Active Vibration IsolationSAWS Silent Attack Warning SystemSBIR Small Business Innovative ResearchSBIRS Space Based Infrared SystemSBL Space Based LaserSCATS Suspense Control and Automated Tracking SystemSCI Scalable Coherent InterfaceSCIF Special Compartmented Information FacilitySEAD Suppression of Enemy Air DefenseSEDFB Surface-Emitting Distributed FeedbackSERE Survival, Evasion, Resistance, EscapeSFC Specific Fuel ConsumptionSFW Sensor Fuzed WeaponSHF Super High FrequencySIDAT Subsystems Integrated Design Assessment TechnologySIE Satellite Imaging ExperimentSIGINT Signals IntelligenceSIIRCM Suite of Integrated Infrared Countermeasures (Army)SIRFC Suite of Integrated Radar Frequency Countermeasures (Army)SLAR Sideways-Looking Airborne RadarSLBD Sea-Lite Beam DirectorSLCS Software Lifecycle SupportSLEP Service Life Extension ProgramSMC Space and Missile Systems CenterSNL Sandia National LaboratorySO Spatial OrientationSOAP Spectrometric Oil Analysis ProgramSOC Special Operations CommandSOF Special Operations ForcesSOI Space Object IdentificationSOI Silicon on InsulatorSONET Synchronous Optical NetworkSOR Starfire Optical RangeSPACECOM Space CommandSPAWAR Space & Naval Warfare Systems CommandSPC Specific Fuel ConsumptionSPICE Space Integrated Control ExperimentSPIE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation EngineersSPIRITS-AC 2 Spectral and In-Band Radiometric Imaging of Targets andScenes-Aircraft2SPO System Program OfficeSRM Solid Rocket MotorSSB Small Smart BombSSIES Special Sensor for Ions, Electrons, and ScintillationsSSM/T-2 Special Sensor MicrowaveSSN Space Surveillance NetworkSSTT Small Satellite Thermal TechnologiesSTAG Smart Tactical Autonomous GuidanceSTEP Space Test Experiment PlatformSTIG Space Technology Interdependence GroupS/TODS Strategic/Tactical Optical Disk SystemSTOL/MTD Short Take-Off and Landing/Maneuvering Technology

DemonstratorSTOVL Short TakeOff and Vertical Landing (fighter/attack aircraft)STOW Synthetic Theater of WarSTRAMST S&T Reliance Assessment for Modeling & SimulationTechnologySTRATCOM Strategic CommandSTTR Small Business Technology Transfer ProgramS/V/L Survivability/Vulnerability/LethalityS/W SoftwareSWC Space Warfare CenterSWIM Solar Wind Interplanetary MeasurementsTAcronyms - TAcronym DefinitionT&E Test and EvaluationTACAN Tactical Air NavigationTACC Tactical Air Control CenterTADIX Tectical Date Information Exchange SystemTAFT Today's Aircraft Flying TomorrowTALD Tactical Air Launched DecoyTAOS Technology for Autonomous Operational SurvivabilityTAOS Technology for Autonomous Satellite OperationsTAP Technology Area PlanTAS Timeline Analysis SystemTASE Thrust Assessment Support EnvironmentTAV Transatmospheric VehicleTBC Thermal Barrier CoatingTBM Theater Ballistic MissileTBM Theater Battle ManagementTCC Technology Coordination CommitteeTCE TricholoroethyleneTCT Time Critical TargetTDA Technology Development ApproachTDC Theater Deployable CommunicationsTDP Time-Space-Position-Information Data ProcessorTDPA Tactical Deception Planning AidTEFF Turbine Engine Fatigue FacilityTEL Transporter/Erector/Launcher (Scuds)TENCAP Tactical Exploitation of National Space Capabilities (Army)TENet Theater Extension NetworkTEO Technology Executive OfficerTERC Turbine Engine Research CenterTestPAES Test Planning, Analysis and Evaluation SystemTHAAD Theater High Altitude Area DefenseTIP Technology Investment PlanTIP Technology Insertion ProgramTIPP Test Instrument Planning and ProgrammingTIRR Technology Investment Recommendation ReportTM TelemetryTMD Theater Missile DefenseTMP Technology Master PlanningTMT Theater Missile TrackerTOA Total Obligation AuthorityTPIPT Technology Planning Integrated Product Team

T/R Transmit/ReceiveTRAMP Testing, Reporting, and Maintenance ProgramTRANSEC Transmission SecurityTRF Turbine Research FacilityTriTAC Tri-Service Tactical CommunicationsTRP Technology Reinvestment ProgramTSPI Time-Space-Position-InformationTSRP Time Stress Measurement DeviceTTO Technology Transition OfficeTV Trapped VortexTVC Trapped Vortex CombustorT/W Thrust to Weight RatioTW/AR Threat Warning/Attack ReportingTWT Travelling Wave TubeTx TransmitUAcronyms - UAcronym DefinitionUAV Unmanned Aerial VehicleUAV Unmanned Aerospace VehicleUCAV Uninhabited Combat Aerial VehicleUHF Ultra High FrequencyUHR Ultra High Resolution (Radar)ULPI Unit Level Prototype ImplementaionURI University Research InitiativeURRP University Resident Research ProgramUSAF United States Air ForceUSAFA United States Air Force AcademyUSAFE United States Air Forces in EuropeUSMA United States Military AcademyUSNA United States Naval AcademyUSSOCOM United States Special Operation CommandUSSPACECOM United States Space CommandUV UltravioletVAcronyms - VAcronym DefinitionVC Vortex CombustorVCATS Visually Coupled Acquisition and Targeting SystemVCE Variable Cycle EngineVE Virtual EnvironmentVEL Visual Electrodiagnostic LaboratoryVFDR Variable Flow Ducted RocketVFR Visual Flight RulesVHDL VHSIC Hardware Design LanguageVHF Very High FrequencyVHSIC Very High Speed Integrated CircuitVISTA Variable-Stability In-Flight Simulator Test AircraftVLF Very Low FrequencyVLSI Very Large Scale IntegrationVOC Volatile Organic CompoundsV/STOL Very Short Takeoff and Landing (transport aircraft)VT Ventricular Tachycardia

VTB Vestibular Test BatteryWAcronyms - WAcronym DefinitionWAM Workload Assessment MonitorWAN Wide Area NetworkWASP Weasel Attack Signal ProcessorWAVES Waveform and Vector Exchange SpecificationsWBMOD Wide-Band Scintillation ModelWIDA Weather Impact Division AidsWL Wright LaboratoryWPN WeaponWSMR White Sands Missile RangeWSO Weapon Systems OfficerWTN Wright Technology NetworkWVR Within Visual RangeXAcronym DefinitionXIDB eXtended Integrated Data BaseXST eXperimental Stealth Tactical (Have Blue)