Acoustics CPD V6 - Rehau Group · ACOUSTICS CPD MANAGING NOISE IN THE WORKPLACE USING STRUCTURE ......
Transcript of Acoustics CPD V6 - Rehau Group · ACOUSTICS CPD MANAGING NOISE IN THE WORKPLACE USING STRUCTURE ......
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Construction
Automotive
Industry
www.rehau.co.uk
ACOUSTICS CPDMANAGING NOISE IN THE WORKPLACE USING STRUCTURE & FURNITURE
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science
© REHAU
•Science
• Regulation
• Product Solutions
• Project Gallery
• Learning Materials
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESAt the end of this CPD you will
•Understand the Basic Principles of acoustics
•What Design Standards to consider
•How to incorporate Sound Reduction measures across a project
© REHAU
•How to incorporate Sound Reduction measures across a project
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science
© REHAU
•Science
• Regulation
• Product Solution
• Project Gallery
• Learning Materials
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REHAU COMPANY HISTORY
Private Company
- 1948 Founded in the Bavarian town of REHAU
- 1962 First UK Sales Office and Warehouse
opened in Slough
- 1975 First Manufacturing Plant was opened in
UK Locations
© REHAU
- 1975 First Manufacturing Plant was opened in
Amlwch
- 1995 Opening of the new headquarters in
Ross-on-Wye
- 2012 REHAU celebrated its 50th anniversary
trading in the UK
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WHAT WE DOREHAU Business Divisions
As a polymer specialist REHAU is a leading supplier in the business divisions of:
© REHAU
INDUSTRYKey topics: Product and design solutions for the furniture industry, developments for the hose, profile and domestic appliance sectors.
AUTOMOTIVEKey topics: Lightweight construction, alternative drive concepts and new mobility approaches.
CONSTRUCTIONKey topics: Energy efficiency, water management, infrastructure and renewable energies.
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1.2 billion people without access to
clean drinking water
DRINKING WATER
2013: around 7 billion people
WORLD POPULATION
Increasing importance of public
URBAN MOBILITY
2025: up to 1.5 billion
tonnes CO2 due to air trafficAIR TRAFFIC
2.3 billion people without adequate
sanitation
WASTE WATER
© REHAU
WHAT DRIVES USTRENDS AND CHALLENGES
2013: around 7 billion people
2010: 77,609,901
vehicles produced
TRAFFIC VOLUME6,500 Watt hours
per head
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Increasing importance of public
local transport in cities
© Christian Grund
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science
© REHAU
•Science
• Regulation
• Product Solution
• Project Gallery
• Learning Materials
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science
© REHAU
•Science
• Regulation
• Product Solution
• Project Gallery
• Learning Materials
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NOISEWhat is it?
Noise what is it?
• Unwanted sound
• A sound, that is loud, unpleasant or that causes disturbance.
Why is a big problem?
© REHAU
Why is a big problem?
• It is increasing
• Noise pollution exposed population - doubled; 30% in 1965 to 75% 2003
• Traffic noise has been increasing 0.2–0.3 dB(A) a year
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PSYCHOACOUSTICSDISCOMFORT: HUMAN PERCEPTION
PERMANENT STRESSMENTAL & PHYSICAL
STRESS
!
Productivity ����
© REHAU
Information incorrect / not understood
(decreasing speech comprehension)
Becoming tired quickly /
reduced ability to concentrate
Reduced wellbeing
High blood pressure
Damage to hearing
Cardivascular illness
Stress
!
� Office noise -> silent stress factor that often
unknowingly influences the performance and wellbeing
of the employee significantly� Frequent consequences: � low performance capability
� psychosomatic illness
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science
© REHAU
•Science
• Regulation
• Product Solution
• Project Gallery
• Learning Materials
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SOURCES OF NOISEArchitectural Acoustics vs. Room Acoustics
Transferred sound level
60dB
80dB sound level
© REHAU
Sound transfer between adjoining rooms Acoustic quality within a room
����Insulation
ARCHITECTURAL ACOUSTICS ROOM ACOUSTICS
! ! What surfaces can I use to create ideal auditory conditions?
What proportion of the sound comes out on the other side of the component being examined?
����Damping / Absorption
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science yes or no?
© REHAU
•Science yes or no?
• Regulation
• Product Solution
• Project Gallery
• Learning Materials
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few vibrations per second
Low tone
many vibrations per second
High tone
Time
Acoustic pressure leve l/ sound level
FUNDAMENTALS OF A SOUND WAVEWhat is sound?
© REHAU
Range of audibility
Music
Speech
Infrasound Ultrasound16
16
20,000
16,000
63 8,000
Frequency in Hertz
200 2,000Range in which speech is perceivedLow tone range High tone range
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Harmonics
•Harmonics•Fundamental or lowest•Integral multiples
FUNDAMENTALS OF A SOUND WAVE
© REHAU
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY & WAVE LENGTHHigher frequency shorter wave length
•Speed of sound• 344m/s (in air)
© REHAU
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MEASUREMENT OF SOUND ENERGYuPa and dB
•Logarithmic Scale
© REHAU
The standard reference sound pressure in air or other gases is 20 µPa, which is usually considered the
threshold of human hearing (at 1 kHz).
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uPa and dB
Phone ringing
MEASUREMENT OF SOUND ENERGY
© REHAU
Threshold of human hearing
Telephone conversation
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phon
•Levels of equal loudness•The Human Ear
•20 Hz to a maximum of around 20,000 Hz•most sensitive between 2 and 5 kHz,
MEASUREMENT OF SOUND ENERGY
© REHAU
2 and 5 kHz,
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Metres
•A Weighted Sound Level
MEASUREMENT OF SOUND ENERGY
© REHAU
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SOUND REFLECTIONRoute & impact
•Reflection•Diffraction•Absorption
© REHAU
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SOUND IN CONFINED SPACESEnergy Path
Sound is bounced back
1Reflection
Sound is "dispersed"
2 Diffusivity
(diffuse reflection)
3Absorption
Sound is "transferred"
4Transmission
© REHAU
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Reverberation
•Incident•Reflected•Absorbed•Transmitted•Structure Bourne SoundAdd details
RECOMMENDATION
� Time that a sound in a room requires to become inaudible
� Technical: Sound pressure level in the room reduces by 60 dB
� Extent depends on the frequency
� Reverberation periods that are too long have an increased noise level and poor speech comprehension as a consequence
SOUND IN CONFINED SPACES
© REHAU
Reflection
RECOMMENDATION
�Office: 0.5 – 0.8 Sec.
�Church: 4 – 8 Sec.
IT'S ECHOING SO MUCH!Skip
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Barriers- Reflection and Diffraction
•Wave Length•Obstacle Size
Dec
reas
ing
Fre
quen
cy
Dec
reas
ing
Bar
rier
Hei
ght
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY & WAVE LENGTH
© REHAU
Dec
reas
ing
Fre
quen
cy
Dec
reas
ing
Bar
rier
Hei
ght
Source
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Barriers- Reflection and Diffraction
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY & WAVE LENGTH
© REHAU
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SOUND REDUCTIONMeasurement of reduction
•Dn Tw•Rw
© REHAU
•dB•BS EN ISO 140-4 Measurement Procedure for Airborne Noise transmission’.
Typically, an Rw is around 5dB higher than the equivalent DnT,w figure..
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SOUND REDUCTIONMeasurement of reduction
Sound absorption coefficients .
α = Ia / Ii (1)where
© REHAU
Ia = sound intensity absorbed (W/m2)Ii = incident sound intensity (W/m2)
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science
© REHAU
•Science
• Regulation
• Product Solution
•Project Gallery
• Learning Materials
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DESIGN REQUIREMENTSGuidelines for Community Noise
•Non Industrial Noise sources•40% EU Exposed to traffic in excess 55 dB(A)•Complex relationship -environmental noise and
© REHAU
environmental noise and people.
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The control of Noise at work Regulations 2005
•The lower exposure action values are:•a daily or weekly personal noise exposure of 80 dB (A-weighted);
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
© REHAU
weighted);•a peak sound pressure of 135 dB (C-weighted).
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Building Regulations Part E
•Primarily Domestic•Testing or Robust Details* to comply•E4 covering Schools
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
© REHAU
* a range of constructions which have been demonstrated to exceed Part E standards by at least 5dB.
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CE marking
•Construction Products Regulations:
•Mechanical resistance and stability•Safety in case of fire•Hygiene, health and environment•Safety & accessibility in use•Protection against noise
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
© REHAU
•Protection against noise•Energy economy and heat retention•Sustainable use of natural resources
•EN 14351 CE marking of Windows & Doors•Annex B Determination of Sound Insulation of windows
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Absorber classα W-value
250 – 4,000 HZEffect
A 0.90 – 1.00 Optimum
B 0.80 – 0.85 Favourable
DESIGN REQUIREMENTSAbsorption Classifications according to DIN EN 11654
© REHAU
C 0.60 – 0.75 Still favourable
D 0.30 – 0.55 Not favourable
E 0.15 – 0.25 Not sufficient
Not classified 0.00 – 0.10 -
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science
© REHAU
•Science
• Regulation
• Product Solutions
• Project Gallery
• Learning Materials
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360° ACOUSTIC IMPROVEMENTSMaximise sound insulation, Minimise sound creation, Maximise sound absorbtion
Minimise sound
creation
Maximise sound absorption
© REHAU
Maximise sound
insulation
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MAXIMISE SOUND INSULATION
• Window Systems Designed to Reduce Sound Transmission:Should be air tightShould be fitted and sealed properly against the substrateNo air ventilators in the frame
• MULTI-CHAMBER DESIGNProvide up to 35% better sound insulation by reducing soundtransmission by up to 40 dB due to effective sealing
Window Systems - Acoustic Testing EN14351 Annex B
© REHAU
• DUAL GASKETSDual protective seals assures tightness of the window systemsand act as an excellent barrier against air and sound infiltration
• Triple Glazing Maximize the gap between the layers of glass (min 30 mm total)Alternate the thickness on the different layers of glass
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Window Systems - Acoustic Testing EN14351 Annex B
MAXIMISE SOUND INSULATION
© REHAU
•Test Results available for:•Casement windows•Tilt & Turn•Sliding sash
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Passive Haus
Windows
Window Systems
•Tilt & Turn style•Ultra low U Value•Passivhaus Certified.
© REHAU
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Controlled Ventilation - How earth tubes or ground-air heat exchangers work?
Summer operation of a GAHE Winter operation of a GAHE
MAXIMISE SOUND INSULATION
© REHAU
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Earth Tubes or Ground-Air Heat Exchanger
QE School, Wimborne, Dorset
- Flow rate: 36,000 m3/h
- 3 Tichelmann grids, each 60m long
- DN1200 header pipe
- 60 AWADUKT Thermo runs of DN250, total length of 3,500m
© REHAU
- BSF ‘Pathfinder’ school
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Minimise sound
creation
Maximise sound absorption
360° ACOUSTIC IMPROVEMENTSMaximise sound insulation, Minimise sound creation, Maximise sound absorbtion
© REHAU
Maximise sound
insulation
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MINIMISE SOUND CREATIONAcoustic sound management at the source
An efficient way to reduce noise level within a building/room is to tackle avoidable internal noise sources:
Structural internal noise sources:
• Air condition
• Ventilation
© REHAU
Structural internal noise sources:
• Water pipes
• Drainage system
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- Flexible
- Clean
- Low cost
- Maintenance free
Polymer Pipe Systems – Polymer has grown in the market against steel & copper
MINIMISE SOUND CREATION
© REHAU
- Maintenance free
-Silent
- Environmentally friendly
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UP TO 4X LESS NOISE
Proven by German Institute “Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Physics, Stuttgart”:
Sound Pressure Level different to Copper:LA=12.7dB(A)
Quiet library
Polymer Pipe Systems – Maximum Acoustic Performance
MINIMISE SOUND CREATION
© REHAU
Every 3 dB(A) reduction = noise reduction of 50%.
Polymer Copper
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Sound Insulation Waste Water Technology
MINIMISE SOUND CREATION
© REHAU
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Sound Insulation Waste Water Technology
MINIMISE SOUND CREATION
© REHAU
1. Multi-layer Mineral-reinforced PIPES
2. Sound Absorbing BENDS
3-5. Sound-dampening BRACKETS
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Comparison of Acoustic Performance of Different Acoustic Systems
(tested by Frauenhofer Institute for Building Physics, Stuttgart, Germany according to EN 14366)
30% less noise generated
VDI 4100 (III)
DIN 4109
Noise reduction pipe creates 30% Less Noise
MINIMISE SOUND CREATION
© REHAU
VDI 4100 (III)
NR Pipe CAST IRONOTHER
PP
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a) Surface Heating & Cooling System
• Floor
• Wall
• Ceiling
Sub-Surface/ Structure Heating and Cooling
MINIMISE SOUND CREATION
© REHAU
b) Structure Cooling System (Thermally Active Building)
• Concrete Structure
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b) Structure Coolinga) Surface Heating & Cooling
radiation radiation
MINIMISE SOUND CREATION
Sub-Surface/ Structure Heating and Cooling
© REHAU
radiation radiation
No noisy air blowers or space heaters due to closed system of under floor water pipes
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Sub-Surface/ Structure Heating and Cooling
Construction
Automotive
Industry
www.rehau.co.uk
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Minimise sound
creation
Maximise sound absorption
360° ACOUSTIC IMPROVEMENTSMaximise sound insulation, Minimise sound creation, Maximise sound absorbtion
© REHAU
Maximise sound
insulation
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Within rooms, sound diffuses spherically
Depending on the surface on which the
sound waves hit, sound can be…
• Absorbed
MAXIMISE SOUND ABSORPTION Behaviour of sound in a room
© REHAU
• Reflected
• Diffused
Ceiling, floor, walls, furniture all play a role
� The larger the volume of absorption material, the lower the sound level
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Why are open-plan environments Acoustically Demanding?
Characteristics of open-plan areas:
- Large floor area
- High ceilings
- Limited wall area
Modern architecture favors:
- Steel
- Glass
MAXIMISE SOUND ABSORPTION
© REHAU
- Glass
- Concrete
The result…
� Limited absorption area
� Sound reflection
� Long reverberation time
� POOR ROOM
ACOUSTICS
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Designing a room for Maximum Acoustic Comfort
Room without sound absorption
Sound insulation
MAXIMISE SOUND ABSORPTION
© REHAU
Sound insulation
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Room with sound absorption through furniture, ceiling, wall and floor elements � A Holistic Approach
Sound insulation
CEILING
WALLS
Designing a room for Maximum Acoustic Comfort
MAXIMISE SOUND ABSORPTION
© REHAU
Sound insulation
FURNITURE
FLOOR
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ROOM ACOUSTIC FURNITURE SOLUTIONS
Shielding and
© REHAU
absorption in the
background
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ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSAcoustic Chilled Ceiling
Acoustics Ceiling - Heating & Cooling
� High cooling performance
� Easy to install
� Flexible ceiling design
� Can be combined with 15mm standard
plasterboard
� Good control response
� Short reaction times
© REHAU
� Short reaction times
� Combines well with partial and full
climate-control systems
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ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSAcoustic Chilled Ceiling
Schallabsorptionen REHAU Akustikheiz-/-kühldecke
(Hallkabinenmessung)
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
Sac
hh
abso
rptio
n α
s
6/18 R
8/18 R
8/18 Q
The sound absorption measurement depends on the hole pattern (Reason: open hole proportion*)
Hole 6/18 Rregular round hole
* 15.5%
* 8.7 %
So
un
d a
bso
rpti
on
co
efic
ien
t
© REHAU
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Frequenz [Hz]
Sac
hh
abso
rptio
n α
s
Hole 8/18 Rregular square hole
Hole 8/18 Rregular round hole
* 19.8 %
So
un
d a
bso
rpti
on
co
efic
ien
t
Frequency [Hz]
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ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSOn the Work Front
© REHAU
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ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSOn the Work Front
© REHAU
fixed screen split screen lift screen partition
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Sound absorption trend
� Sound absorption rate
αw = 0.8 (Class B)
� Acoustic active 12 mm (Cabinet
SOUND ABSORBTIONOn the Furniture Front
© REHAU
with folders)
� Acoustic active 12 mm (Cabinet
without folders)
Fre
qu
ency
[Hz]
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ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSWORKS SCREEN
Sound absorption trend
� WORKS split screen
αw = 0.75 (Class C)
� WORKS lift screen
αw =0.85 (Class B)
� WORKS fixed screen / partition
Sound absorption coeficient
© REHAU
� WORKS fixed screen / partition
αw = 0.80 (Class B)
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ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONS VIDEO
© REHAU
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ACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSCarpets & other fixture & fittings
High frequencies
Porous absorber
�E.g.: Textiles, non-woven material, carpet, foam, mineral wool,
cotton, acoustic plaster
�Sound (energy) is turned into thermal energy
�By slowing down the air particles (friction)
(Micro) perforated absorber
�E.g.: Perforated board with lots of small holes
�Sound (energy) is turned into thermal energy
�Friction loss of air in the holes
© REHAU
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science
© REHAU
•Science
• Regulation
• Product Solution
• Project Gallery
• Learning Materials
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Construction
Automotive
Industry
www.rehau.co.uk
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© REHAU
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESCPD Agenda
• Introduction to REHAU
• Introduction to Acoustic Science
•Definition
•Examples
•Science
© REHAU
•Science
• Regulation
• Product Solution
• Learning Materials
• Project Gallery
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RESOURCESAdditional Information References
•Harris, Cyril M. Noise Control in Buildings: A Guide for Architects and
Engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994
•Moser ,Michael Engineering Acoustics An Introduction to Noise Control
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York 2009
•www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html
© REHAU
•www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html
•www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg362.pdf
•www.ioa.org.uk/ The Institute of Acoustics
•www.robustdetails.com
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESNow you should
• Understand the basic Principles of acoustics
• Design Standards relevant to noise control
• Incorporating Sound Reduction measures across a project
© REHAU
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Construction
Automotive
Industry
www.rehau.co.uk
Thank You for Your Attention. Any Questions?