Acoustically Enhanced Gypsum BoardDesigned for High STC Wall Assemblies

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Acoustically Enhanced Gypsum BoardDesigned for High STC Wall Assemblies

Technical Marketing Team

WEA

SWAGUA

MWA

CEAALA

NEA

ALA/NEAScott Hughes

Alan ZeedykGUA/SEA

Frank FullerSWA

Pat GrotlischWEA

Amy HockettManager, Architectural

Services & Sustainability

CEA/MWAThad Goodman

Trang SchwartzArchitectural

Specialist

SEA

Trends & Acoustical Concepts

Acoustical Terminology

Design Considerations

Sound Reducing Solutions

Codes & Third Party Recommendations

Acoustics & Fire Ratings

Cost Comparison

Today’s Presentation

Designing for quality acoustics is no longer just for music rooms and auditoriums.

Appropriate sound isolation is needed in homes with surround sound, classrooms, patient rooms, and high-rise condominiums.

USGBC and AIA have established minimum guidelines for schools and healthcare facilities, in addition to code-mandated requirements for specific applications.

This course will look at acoustic design and how gypsum board can contribute to acoustical performance.

Sound Resistance and Acoustical Concepts

Acceptable STC Rating for a Wall Partition

National Research Council of Canada Survey 600 multi-family residences

(300 party walls between them) Residents with lower STC rated

walls more likely to:• Want to move• Be awakened by noises• Have trouble falling asleep due to

noises• Think neighbors are less

considerate

From J. S. Bradley's Deriving Acceptable Values for Party Wall Sound Insulation survey results

General survey conclusions STC ≥ 55 a realistic goal for

acceptable sound insulation

STC ≥ 60 more ideal, would practically eliminate negative effects of noises from neighbors

Music related sounds require the highest rated walls

Acceptable STC Rating for a Wall Partition

Deriving Acceptable Values for Party Wall Sound InsulationBy: J. S. Bradley

Decline in noise complaints as STC increases.

Average responses concerning neighbors’ music –related sounds versus STC rating.

Trends Toward Higher STC Wall Partitions

LEED v.4 - Quiet classrooms improve learning

Education

Trends Toward Higher STC Wall Partitions

HIPPA-Patient privacy

Healthcare

Trends Toward Higher STC Wall Partitions

Repeat Stays

Hospitality

Structure-borne sound Airborne Sound Hertz Decibels – dB Flanking sound Sound Transmission Class – STC NRC

Key Acoustical Concepts and Terms

Learning a few acoustical concepts and terms is key to understanding how sound is transmitted through walls, and how sensitive we are as humans to changes in noise levels.

Structure-borne Sound

Structure-borne sound travels from the source to the receiving space primarily via solid materials.

Sound travels faster in dense material than in air.

Airborne Sound versus Structure-borne Transmission of Sound

Airborne Sound

Acoustical energy in one space transmitted in the form of vibrations of an intervening structure transmitted through the air creating sound pressure variations at a receiver, such as the human auditory system.

Determined by frequency and by the intensity of the pressure.

Energy generated by a source

Transmitted through a medium

Received by a receiver

Airborne Sound

Most common measure of frequency is called a hertz

Frequencies between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz are detectible by healthy children

Humans are most sensitive to the range of 100 Hz to 8000 Hz

Speech and most typical sounds within a building range from 125 Hz – 4,000 Hz

Hertz - Hz

Decibels (dB)

Intensity of sound, or loudness, is measured in decibels (dB).

Decibel is a logarithmic unit of measurement used in acoustics to quantify sound levels relative to a 0 dB reference.

Reference level is the threshold of hearing of an average human.

Unit of measure used to quantify the intensity of a sound the way people hear sounds

Typical dB levels of some common sounds:Hearing Threshold 0 dB Motorcycle 88 dBRustling leaves 20 dB Foodblender 90 dBQuiet home 30 dB Subway (inside) 94 dBQuiet whisper 40 dB Diesel truck 100 dBNormal convers 60 dB Pneumatic riveter 115 dBLoud singing 75 dB Amplified Rock 120 dBAutomobile 80 dB Jet plane (100 feet) 130 dB

Decibels (dB)

Human Sensitivity to Changes in Sound Intensity Levels

Change in Sound Hearing Perception

1 – 2 dB Generally not perceptible

3 dB Just perceptible

5 dB Clearly noticeable

10 dB Twice or half as loud

20 dB Four times as loud or 1/4 as loud

Flanking Sound

Subfloor

Joists cavity

Flanking sound is non-direct transmission of airborne sound

Proper use of acoustical sealant or caulk can reduce the effect of flanking sound

Perimeter Seal

Acoustical Sealant

Acoustical Sealant

A single number rating for describing sound transmission loss of a wall or partition

Rates a wall partition’s overall ability to resist the passage of airborne sound at 16 frequencies between 125 Hz and 4,000 Hz

The higher the STC rating of a partition, the greater ability of the partition to reduce transmission of airborne sound from one side to the other

Logarithmic not linear

Sound Transmission Class -STC

ASTM E 90 Test Method Standard method for laboratory measurement of airborne sound

transmission loss of building partitions

ASTM E 413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation This classification covers methods of calculating single-number

acoustical ratings for laboratory and field measurements of sound attenuation

How is the STC Determined?

Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)

STC measures sound transmission between spaces.

NRC measures build-up of noise within a space. NRC and STCare completely exclusive of each other. This build-up of noise is caused by reverberance and focused reflections.

Design Considerations

Eliminate the cause or source of the noise

Employ materials which absorb sound rather than reflect noise

Use design considerations to mask or absorb noise, locating noise producing areas away from noise transmitting elements i.e., windows.

Use sound barriers (partitions) in building layout to prevent sound from being transmitted from one adjoining area into another

From HUD publication Noise Notebook, chapter 4, Sound Transmission Class Guidance

Sound Reduction In Buildings

Acoustically Enhanced

Sound boards

Mass Increasing mass improves sound transmission loss

Stiffness Stiffness = STC Metal framing outperforms wood studs – reduced stiffness 24" OC outperforms 16" OC – less framing is better

Cavity Absorption Insulation in the cavity

• Full is better• Eliminate any gaps

Partition Depth Increased cavity depth/wall thickness improves performance

Improve STC Rating for a Wall Partition

An unsealed 1/4" gap around the perimeter of a 100 square foot wall partition with an STC in the 50s will result in a loss of over 10 STC points

Flanking Sound

Completely seal all perimeter gaps and non-uniform board edges Acoustical sealant Caulk

Application in a Wall to Floor Condition

Acoustical Sealant

Wall Penetrations

Limit necessary wall penetrations to one per stud cavity and seal with acoustical sealant, caulk or putty pads

Acoustical Sealant meets ASTM C 919 Grabber Acoustical Sealant GSCS STI SpecSeal Smoke N Sound Caulk BOSS 824 Acoustical Sealant or equivalent

Putty Pad meets ASTM E 90 STI SpecSeal SSP BOSS 818 Fire Rated Putty Pads or equivalent

Acoustical Sealant and Putty Pad Recommendations

2″ x 4″ Studs

Stagger board joints from one side of wall to the other

Best Practice

Existing Solutions

RC-1 channels Not all equal

Complicated installation techniques Installed upside down Short circuits: face layer fasteners touching framing

members and boards touching ceiling, floor and sidewalls

Building occupant issues Hanging picture frames, bookshelves etc.

Existing Solution - Resilient Furring Channels

High labor and material cost

Partition depths utilize valuable floor space

Existing Solution - Double and Staggered Stud Walls

Extra labor and high material cost

Lots of parts and pieces -complicated installation

6 1/2" total wall thickness

1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board

1 layer 1/8" 1 lb. (UL Listed) Mass Loaded Vinyl2"x4" Wood Stud 24" oc

R-19 Insulation 5.5" cavity fully filled

RSIC-1 48" oc

Drywall Furring Channel at 24" oc

1 layer 5/8" Gypsum Board

RAL Test 06-028

STC 57

Existing Solution - Sound Clips and Channel

Damped Panel Solution

• Constrained layer damping gypsum• Board with high density core• 5/8” Type X

Acoustically Enhanced Gypsum

Acoustically Enhanced Gypsum Board

Appropriate for use as a single-layer application

STC rating is much higher than that of a standard partition, yet is the same wall thickness.

Focus for this product is on speed and simplicity, as it will cut, hang and finish with ease.

Can be used in conjunction with other sound damping techniques where higher sound transmission ratings are desired.

Codes and Third Party Recommendations

Codes and Third Party Recommendations

Laboratory Acoustical Performance

Laboratory Sound Rating Acceptable Performance (Grade B)

Preferred Performance(Grade A)

Airborne Sound(STC per ASTM E 90) 55 60

Field Acoustical Performance

Field Sound Rating Acceptable Performance (Grade B)

Preferred Performance(Grade A)

Airborne Sound(STC per ASTM E 90) 50 55

The IGCC guide recommends two grades of acoustical performance beyond the current code minimum: Acceptable and preferred.

For assemblies tested in a laboratory for STC ratings, the table summarizes the recommended performance levels. The assemblies must meet the required laboratory acoustical test in order to attain the required field values.

Codes and Third Party Recommendations

The chart below lists the STC rating required between rooms within the ANSI Standard.

Minimum STC RatingsSingle or composite wall and floor-ceiling assemblies that separate a core learning space from an adjacent space.

Adjacent Space

Learning space, therapy room or healthcare room

Toilet or bathing room

Corridor, staircase, office or conference room

Music room, music performance space, auditorium, mechanical equipment room, cafeteria, or gym

50 53 45 60

Codes and Third Party Recommendations

The AIA Academy of Architecture for Health (AAH) improves the quality of healthcare through design by developing, documenting, and disseminating knowledge on the design of healthcare environments.

Adjacency Combination STCPatient Room Patient Room (wall same floor) 45

Patient Room Corridor (with entrance) 35

Exam Room Public Space 50

Patient Room MRI Room 60

The AIA document “The Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities,” recognizes the importance of sound control for healthcare and proposes limits for noise in interior spaces, sound isolation performance between enclosed rooms, and speech privacy and footfalls vibration in specific rooms. The following chart lists some examples of sound isolation performance limits.

Codes and Third Party Recommendations

LEED v4 offers 1 possible point (2 for Healthcare) for Acoustical Performancein the Indoor Environmental Quality Credit category. Applies to New Construction, Schools, Data Centers, Warehouses & Distribution Centers, Hospitality, Healthcare.

Adjacency Combinations STCResidence, hotel or motel room Residence, hotel or motel room 55

Residence, hotel or motel room Common hallway, stairway 50

Residence, hotel or motel room Retail 60

Retail Retail 50

Standard Office Standard Office 45

Executive Office Executive Office 50

Conference Room Conference Room 50

Office, conference room Hallway, stairway 50

Mechanical equipment room Occupied area 60

Credit Intent: To provide workspaces and classrooms that promote occupants’ well-being, productivity, and communications through effective acoustic design.Requirements: HVAC Background Noise, Sound Transmission, Reverberation Time, Sound Reinforcement & Masking Systems

Cost Comparisons

V438 (U465) 1-Hr Rated STC 47

• 3 5/8" 25 gauge, 24 in. o.c. 1.10 • 5/8" Type X gypsum board 1.67• 3 1/2" Fiberglass Insulation 0.73• 5/8" Type X gypsum board 1.67

$5.17

Partition Depth 4 7/8″

Cost estimates for 10’ ceiling height Assembly is taped and finished ( Level 4 )

V438 (U465) 1-Hr Rated STC 47

• 3 5/8" 25 gauge, 24 in. o.c. 1.10 • 5/8" Type X gypsum board 1.67• 3 1/2" Fiberglass Insulation 0.73• 5/8" Type X gypsum board 1.67

$5.17

V438 (U465) w/ RC 1-Hr Rated STC 50

• 3 5/8" 25 gauge, 24 in. o.c. 1.10• Resilient Furring Channel 1.85 • 5/8" Type X gypsum board 1.67• 3 1/2" Fiberglass Insulation 0.73• 5/8" Type X gypsum board 1.67• 5/8" Type X gypsum board 1.67

$ 8.69

Partition Depth 4 7/8″ Partition Depth 6 1/8″

V438 (U465) 1-Hr Rated STC 47

• 3 5/8" 25 gauge, 24 in. o.c. 1.10 • 5/8" Type X gypsum board 1.67• 3 1/2" Fiberglass Insulation 0.73• 5/8" Type X gypsum board 1.67

$5.17

V438 (U465) Damped PanelBalanced 1-Hr Rated, STC 54

• 3 5/8" 25 gauge, 24 in. o.c. $1.10 • 5/8" Acoustic gypsum board $4.09• 3 1/2" Fiberglass insulation $0.73• 5/8" Type X gypsum board $1.67

$7.59

Partition Depth 4 7/8″ Partition Depth 4 7/8″

V438 (U411) 2-Hr Rated STC 56

• 3 5/8" 25 gauge, 24 in. o.c. 1.10 • (2) 5/8" Type X gypsum board 3.34• 3 1/2" Fiberglass Insulation 0.73• (2) 5/8" Type X gypsum board 3.34

$8.51

V438 (U465) Damped PanelBalanced 1-Hr Rated, STC 54

• 3 5/8" 25 gauge, 24 in. o.c. $1.10 • 5/8" Acoustic gypsum board $4.09• 3 1/2" Fiberglass insulation $0.73• 5/8" Type X gypsum board $1.67

$7.59

Partition Depth 6 1/8″ Partition Depth 4 7/8″

Partition Depth 9 1/4″ Partition Depth 6 1/8″

V484 w/ Damped Panels 2-Hour STC – 60

• 3 5/8" 25 gauge, 24 in. o.c. $1.10 • 2 layers 5/8" Type X gypsum board $3.34• 3 1/2" Fiberglass Insulation $0.73• 5/8" Acoustic gypsum board $4.09• 5/8" Type X gypsum board $1.67

$12.61

V488 4 Layers2-Hour STC - 60

• (2) 5/8" Type X Gypsum Board $3.34•(2) 3 5/8” 25 gauge 24" o.c. $2.20• Fiberglass Insulation in cavity $1.46• (2) 5/8" Type X Gypsum Board $3.34

$ 10.34

Are there any questions before we continue?

This concludes that educational portion of this presentation

Sustainability

C O M M I T E D T OTRANSPARENCY

LEED v4 WELL Living Building Challenge Green Globes IgCC LEED for Homes

Technical Resources

• The SoundBook 2.0

• The Purple Book ll

• NGC Construction Guide

• Fire Resistance and Sound Control Manual

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