ACLS Answer Key
-
Upload
kirana-budhiarta -
Category
Documents
-
view
3.543 -
download
0
description
Transcript of ACLS Answer Key
ACLS PRE-TEST
ANSWER KEY
December, 2006
Question 1:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 2:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 3:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 4:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 5:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 6:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 7:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 8:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 9:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 10:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 11:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 12:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 13:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 14:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 15:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 16:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 17:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 18:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 19:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 20:
Identify the rhythm by selecting the best single answer:
Normal sinus rhythm Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia Atrial flutter
Sinus bradycardia Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
Reentry supraventricular tachycardia Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
First-degree AV Block Course ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz 1 Wenckebach) Fine ventricular fibrillation
Second-degree AV Block (Mobitz II Block) Agonal rhythm/asystole
Third-degree AV Block Pulseless electrical activity
Question 21: Your patient has been intubated. IV/IO access is not available. Which combination of drugs can be administered by the endotracheal route of administration?
Amiodarone, lidocaine, epinephrine
Epinephrine, vasopressin, amiodarone
Vasopressin, amiodarone, lidocaine
Lidocaine, epinephrine, vasopressin
Question 22: A patient is in pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Two shocks and one dose of epinephrine have been given. The next drug/dose to anticipate to administer is:
Amiodarone 150 mg
Epinephrine 3 mg
Lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg
Vasopressin 40 U
Amiodarone 300 mg Question 23: A patient is in cardiac arrest. Ventricular fibrillation has been refractory to an initial shock. Two attempts at peripheral IV access have been unsuccessful. The next recommended access route of administration for the delivery of drugs during CPR is:
Femoral vein
Endotracheal
Intraosseous
External jugular vein
Question 24: A patient is in refractory ventricular fibrillation and has received multiple appropriate defibrillations, epinephrine 1 mg IV twice, and an initial dose of lidocaine IV. The patient is intubated. A second dose of lidocaine is now called for. The recommended second dose of lidocaine is: Start infusion 1 to 2 mg/min
0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg IV push
2 to 3 mg/kg IV push
Give endotracheal dose 2 to 4 mg/kg
1 mg/kg IV push Question 25: A patient has sinus bradycardia with a rate of 36 per minute. Atropine has been administered to a total dose of 3 mig. A transcutaneous pacemaker has failed to capture. The patient is confused and blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg. Which of the following is now indicated?
Give additional 1 mg atropine
Start epinephrine 2 to 10 pg/min
Start dopamine 10-20 pg/kg per minute
Give normal saline bolus 250 mL to 500 mL Question 26: A patient has a rapid irregular wide-complex tachycardia. The ventricular rate is 138. He is asymptomatic with a blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg. He has a history of angina. Which of the following actions is recommended?
Seek expert consultation
Immediate synchronized cardioversion
Give adenosine 6 mg IV bolus
Give lidocaine 1 to 1.5 mg IV bolus
Question 27: You arrive on-scene with the Code Team. High-quality CPR is in progress. An AED has previously advised “no shock indicated.” A rhythm check now finds asystole. The next action you would take is to:
Call for a pulse check
Place IV or IO access
Attempt endotracheal intubation with minimal CPR interruption
Place a Comitube or laryngeal mask airway Question 28: Which of following is most accurate regarding the administration of vasopressin during cardiac arrest?
Vasopressin is indicated for VF and pulseless VT prior to the delivery of the first shock
Vasopressin can be administered twice during cardiac arrest
The correct dose of Vasopressin is 40 U administered IV or IO
Vasopressin is recommended instead of epinephrine for the treatment of asystole Question 29: A 57-year-old woman has palpitations, chest discomfort, and tachycardia. The monitor shows a regular wide-complex QRS at a rate of 180 per minute. She becomes diaphoretic and blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. The next action is to:
Perform immediate electrical cardioversion
Establish IV and give sedation for electrical cardioversion
Obtain 12 lead electrocardiogram
Give amiodarone 300 mg IV push Question 30:
A patient with a possible acute coronary syndrome has ongoing chest discomfort unresponsive to 3 sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. There are no contraindications and 4 mg of morphine sulfate was administered. Shortly, blood pressure falls to 88/60 mm Hg and the patient complains of increased chest discomfort. You would:
Give nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingually
Start dopamine at 2 pg/kg per minute and titrate to BP 100 mm Hg systolic
Give normal saline 250 mL to 500 mL fluid bolus
Give an additional 2 mg of morphine sulfate Question 31: A patient is in refractory ventricular fibrillation. High-quality CPR is in progress and shocks have been given. One dose of epinephrine was given after the second shock. An antiarrhythmia drug was given immediately after the third shock. What drug should the team leader request be prepared for administration next?
Escalating dose epinephrine 3 mg
Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq
Repeat the antiarrhythmia drug
Second dose of epinephrine 1 mg Question 32: A 35-year-old woman has palpitations, lightheadedness, and a stable tachycardia. The monitor shows a regular narrow complex QRS at a rate of 180 per minute. Vagal maneuvers have not been effective in terminating the rhythm. An IV has been established. What drug should be administered IV?
Adenosine 6 mg
Atropine 0.5 mg
Lidocaine 1 mg/kg
Epinephrine 2 to10 pg/kg per minute Question 33: A patient is in cardiac arrest. Ventricular fibrillation has been refractory to an initial shock. Of the following, which drug and dose should be administered first by the IV/IO route?
Atropine 1 mg
Epinephrine 1 mg
Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq
Vasopressin 20 U
Question 34: A patient with a possible ST-segment elevation MI has ongoing chest discomfort. Which of the following would be a contraindication administration of nitrates?
Use of phosphodiesterase inhibitor within 12 hours
Heart rate 90 per minute
Left ventricular infarct with bilateral rales
Blood pressure great than 180 mm Hg Question 35: A patient with possible ACS and a bradycardia of 42 per minute has ongoing chest discomfort. What is the initial dose of atropine?
Atropine 0.1 mg
Atropine 1 mg
Atropine 3 mg
Atropine 0.5 mg Question 36: A 62 year old man suddenly began to experience difficulty speaking and left-sided weakness. He is brought to the emergency department. He meets initial criteria for fibrinolytic therapy and a CT scan of the brain is ordered. Guidelines for antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy are:
Do not give aspirin for at least 24 hours if tPA is administered
Give aspirin 160 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg orally
Administer aspirin 160-325 mg orally chewed, immediately
Administer heparin if CT scan is negative for hemorrhage Question 37: A patient with an ST-segment elevation MI has ongoing chest discomfort. Fibrinolytic therapy has been ordered. Heparin 4000 U IV bolus was administered and a heparin infusion 1000 U per hour is being administered, and Aspirin was not taken by the patient because he had a history of gastritis treated 5 years ago. Your next action is to:
Give 325 mg enteric-coated aspirin rectally
Substitute clopidogrel 300 mg loading dose
Give aspirin 160 to 325 mg chewed, immediately
Give 75 mg enteric-coated aspirin orally Question 38: Which of the following statements about the use of magnesium in cardiac arrest is most accurate?
Magnesium is contraindicated in VT associated with a normal QT interval
Magnesium is indicated for shock-refractory monomorphic VT
Magnesium is indicated for VF refractory to shock and amiodarone or lidocaine
Magnesium is indicated in VF/pulseless VT associated with torsades de pointes Question 39: A bradycardia rhythm IS treated when:
Blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg systolic with or without symptoms
Chest pain or shortness of breath is present
Heart rate is less than 60 per minute with or without symptoms
The patient has an MI on the 12-lead electrocardiogram
Question 40: A patient is in cardiac arrest. High-quality chest compressions are being given. The patient is intubated and an IV has been started. The rhythm is asystole. The first drug/dose to administer is:
Dopamine 2 to 20 pg/kg per minute IV or IO
Atropine 0.5 mg IV or IO
Atropine 1 mg IV or IO
Epinephrine 1 mg or Vasopressin 40 U IV or IO
Epinephrine 3 mg via endotracheal tube (ET) Question 41:
A patient was in refractory ventricular fibrillation. A third shock has just been administered. Your team looks at you for instruction. Your immediate next order is:
Give atropine 1 mg IV
Give epinephrine 1 mg IV
Perform endotracheal intubation
Give amiodarone 300 mg IV
Resume high-quality chest compressions
Question 42:
A patient in the ED develops recurrent chest discomfort (8/10) suspicious for ischemia. His monitored rhythm becomes irregular as seen above. Oxygen is being administered by nasal cannual at 4 L/min and an intravenous line is patent. Blood pressure is 160/96 mm Hg. There are no allergies or contraindications to any medication. You would first order:
Intravenous nitroglycerin initiated at 10 pg/min and titrated
Lidocaine 1 mg/kg IV and infusion 2 mg/min
Nitroglycerin 0.4 mg SL
Morphine sulfate 2 to 4 mg IV
Amiodarone 150 mg IV Question 43:
You are the code team leader and arrive finding the above rhythm with CPR in progress. Team members report that the patient was well but complained of chest pain and collapsed. She has no pulse or respirations. Bag-mask ventilations are producing visible chest rise, high-quality CPR is in progress, and an IV has been established. Your next order would be:
Administer amiodarone 300 mg
Perform endotracheal intubation
Administer atropine 1 mg
Administer epinephrine 1 mg
Start dopamine at 10 to 20 pg/kg per minute Question 44:
A patient becomes unresponsive and you are uncertain if a faint pulse is present with the above rhythm. Your next action is:
Start an IV and give atropine 1 mg
Begin CPR with high-quality chest compressions
Start and IV and epinephrine 1 mg IV
Order transcutaneous pacing
Consider causes for pulseless electrical activity Question 45:
This patient has been resuscitated from cardiac arrest. During the resuscitation amiodarone 300 mg was administered. Now the patient develops severe chest discomfort, is diaphoretic, and has the above rhythm. Blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. What is the next indicated action?
Give lidocaine 1 to 1.5 mg/kg IV
Repeat amiodarone 300 mg IV
Give immediate unsynchronized high-energy shock
Repeat amiodarone 150 mg IV
Perform immediate synchronized cardioversion
Question 46:
You arrive on-scene and find a 56-year-old diabetic woman complaining of chest discomfort. She is pale and diaphoretic, complaining of lightheadedness. Her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. The cardiac monitor documents the rhythm above. She is receiving oxygen at 4 L/min by nasal cannula, and an IV has been established. Transcutaneous has been requested but is not yet available. Your next order is:
Start dopamine at 2 to 10 pg/kg per minute
Give atropine 1 mg IV
Give nitoroglycerin 0.4 mg SL
Give morphine sulfate 4 mg IV
Give atropine 0.5 mg IV Question 47:
You are monitoring this patient after successful resuscitation. You note the above rhythm on the cardiac monitor and document a rhythm strip for the patient’s chart. She has no complaints and blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Now you would:
Give Atropine 1 mg IV
Start dopamine 2 to 10 pg/kg per minute and titrate heart rate
Administer sedation and begin immediate transcutaneous pacing at 80 per minute
Prepare for transcutaneous pacing (place pacing pads, do not pace)
Give Atropine 0.5 mg IV
Question 48:
You are evaluating a patient with a 15-minute duration of chest pain during transportation to the emergency department. He is receiving oxygen, and 2 sublingual nitroglycerin tablets have relieved his chest discomfort. He has no complaints but appears anxious. Blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg. You observe the above rhythm on the monitor and your next action is:
Start epinephrine 2 to 10 pg/min and titrate
Give atropine 0.5 mg IV
Initiate transcutaneous pacting (TCP)
Continue monitoring patient, prepare for TCP
Administer nitroglycerin 0.4 mg SL Question 49:
Following initiation of CPR and one shock for VF, this rhythm is present on the next rhythm check. A second shock is given and chest compressions are immediately resumed. An IV is in place and no drugs no drugs have been given. Bag-mask ventilations are producing visible chest rise. What is your next order?
Perform endotracheal intubation; administer 100% oxygen
Prepare to give amiodarone 300 mg IV
Administer 3 sequential (stacked) shocks at 200 Joules (biphasic defibrillator)
Administer 3 sequential (stacked) shocks at 360 Joules (monophasic defibrillation)
Prepare to give epinephrine 1 mg IV
Question 50:
You are monitoring a patient with chest discomfort who becomes suddenly unresponsive. You observe the following rhythm on the cardiac monitor. A monophasic defibrillator is present. What is your first action?
Begin CPR with chest compressions for 2 minutes or about 5 cycles of compressions and ventilations
Establish an IV and give epinephrine 1 mg IV
Give a single shock with 200 J
Intubate the patient and give epinephrine 2 to 4 mg via ET tube
Give a single shock with 360 J