Acid-Base Acid-Base ReactionsReactions

SNC2DSNC2D

NeutralizationNeutralization

The reaction between an acid and a The reaction between an acid and a base produces water (Hbase produces water (H22O) and an O) and an ionic compound known as a ????, ionic compound known as a ????, which may be dissolved in the water which may be dissolved in the water or form as a precipitate.or form as a precipitate.

NeutralizationNeutralization

The reaction between an acid and a The reaction between an acid and a base produces water (Hbase produces water (H22O) and an O) and an ionic compound known as a ionic compound known as a saltsalt, , which may be dissolved in the water which may be dissolved in the water or form as a precipitate.or form as a precipitate.

NeutralizationNeutralization

The reaction between an acid and a The reaction between an acid and a base produces water (Hbase produces water (H22O) and an O) and an ionic compound known as a ionic compound known as a saltsalt, , which may be dissolved in the water which may be dissolved in the water or form as a precipitate.or form as a precipitate.

ExampleExamplehydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide

NeutralizationNeutralization

The reaction between an acid and a The reaction between an acid and a base produces water (Hbase produces water (H22O) and an O) and an ionic compound known as a ionic compound known as a saltsalt, , which may be dissolved in the water which may be dissolved in the water or form as a precipitate.or form as a precipitate.

ExampleExamplehydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide water + water +

sodium chloridesodium chloride

NeutralizationNeutralization

The reaction between an acid and a base The reaction between an acid and a base produces water (Hproduces water (H22O) and an ionic O) and an ionic compound known as a compound known as a saltsalt, which may , which may be dissolved in the water or form as a be dissolved in the water or form as a precipitate.precipitate.

ExampleExamplehydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide water + sodium water + sodium

chloridechloride

HClHCl(aq)(aq) + NaOH + NaOH(aq)(aq) H2OH2O((ll)) + + NaClNaCl(aq)(aq)

NeutralizationNeutralization

This ________________ reaction is also This ________________ reaction is also known as a ___________ because the known as a ___________ because the products of the reaction are neutral products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of ?).(i.e. have a pH of ?).

NeutralizationNeutralization

This double displacement reaction is This double displacement reaction is also known as a ___________ because also known as a ___________ because the products of the reaction are the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of ?).neutral (i.e. have a pH of ?).

NeutralizationNeutralization

This double displacement reaction is This double displacement reaction is also known as a neutralization also known as a neutralization because the products of the reaction because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of ?).are neutral (i.e. have a pH of ?).

NeutralizationNeutralization

This double displacement reaction is This double displacement reaction is also known as a neutralization also known as a neutralization because the products of the reaction because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).

NeutralizationNeutralization

This double displacement reaction is This double displacement reaction is also known as a also known as a neutralizationneutralization because the products of the reaction because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).

Another ExampleAnother Examplesulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide

NeutralizationNeutralization

This double displacement reaction is This double displacement reaction is also known as a also known as a neutralizationneutralization because the products of the reaction because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).

Another ExampleAnother Examplesulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide water + water +

potassium sulphatepotassium sulphate

NeutralizationNeutralization

This double displacement reaction is also This double displacement reaction is also known as a known as a neutralizationneutralization because the because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).have a pH of 7).

Another ExampleAnother Examplesulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide water + water +

potassium sulphatepotassium sulphate

HH22SOSO4(aq)4(aq) + KOH + KOH(aq)(aq) H H22OO((ll)) + K + K22SOSO4(aq)4(aq)

NeutralizationNeutralization

This double displacement reaction is also This double displacement reaction is also known as a known as a neutralizationneutralization because the because the products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. products of the reaction are neutral (i.e. have a pH of 7).have a pH of 7).

Another ExampleAnother Examplesulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide sulphuric acid + potassium hydroxide water + water +

potassium sulphatepotassium sulphate

HH22SOSO4(aq)4(aq) + 2 KOH + 2 KOH(aq)(aq) 2 H 2 H22OO((ll)) + + KK22SOSO4(aq)4(aq)

NeutralizationNeutralization

Some neutralization reactions will also Some neutralization reactions will also produce carbon dioxide.produce carbon dioxide.

ExampleExample

hydrochloric acid + sodium bicarbonate hydrochloric acid + sodium bicarbonate

water + sodium chloride + carbon water + sodium chloride + carbon dioxidedioxide

HCl + NaHCOHCl + NaHCO33 H H22O + NaCl + COO + NaCl + CO22

UsesUses

Neutralization reactions are useful on Neutralization reactions are useful on small scales,small scales,

e.g. the formic acid (HCOOH) in a e.g. the formic acid (HCOOH) in a beesting that attacks nerves in the beesting that attacks nerves in the skin can be neutralized with an skin can be neutralized with an ammonia-based creamammonia-based cream

UsesUses

and on large scales,and on large scales,

e.g. lime may be added to an acidified e.g. lime may be added to an acidified lake to raise its pH:lake to raise its pH:

HNOHNO33 + Ca(OH) + Ca(OH)22

UsesUses

and on large scales,and on large scales,

e.g. lime may be added to an acidified e.g. lime may be added to an acidified lake to raise its pH:lake to raise its pH:

HNOHNO33 + Ca(OH) + Ca(OH)22 Ca(NO Ca(NO33))22 + + HH22OO

UsesUses

and on large scales,and on large scales,

e.g. lime may be added to an acidified e.g. lime may be added to an acidified lake to raise its pH:lake to raise its pH:

2 HNO2 HNO33 + Ca(OH) + Ca(OH)22 Ca(NO Ca(NO33))22 + 2 + 2 HH22OO

ActivityActivity

Activity: Antacids and Neutralization Activity: Antacids and Neutralization ReactionsReactions

(refer to handout)(refer to handout)