ACEPRO - Bangkok RECAF community outreach [Revised 24 June](1).pdf

RECAF Initiated by ACEPRO USM

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RECAF Reduce Carbon Footprint Project 2011

USM-Bangkok, Thailand 11 -17 October 2011

Sustainability outreach project initiated by:

Association of Civil Engineering Postgraduate and Research Officers (ACEPRO)

Thank you for leaving your carbon footprints at home!


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CONTENTS

Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 3

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4

2. Venue ..................................................................................................................... 6

3. Target Audience ................................................................................................... 6

4. Proposed Theme ................................................................................................... 6

5. Conceptual Design............................................................................................... 6

6. Problem Statement ............................................................................................... 7

7. Objectives.............................................................................................................. 7

8. Scope of Work ....................................................................................................... 7

9. Date and Proposed Itinerary ............................................................................... 7

10. Budget .................................................................................................................... 8

11. Advisory Personnel ............................................................................................... 9

12. Executive Personnel ............................................................................................. 9

13. Evaluation and Reflection .................................................................................... 9

14. Endorsements ...................................................................................................... 10

15. References ........................................................................................................... 11

Appendix ......................................................................................................................... 12


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Executive Summary

RECAF, acronym for Reduce Carbon Footprint Project 2011, tagged with the theme Thank You

for Leaving Your Carbon Footprints at Home! has encapsulated the whole idea behind this

sustainability outreach project. Transportation is one of the major greenhouse gases contributors

towards global warming especially for dense developing city, Bangkok. Low public preference

for public transportation utilization in developing countries has been an old time hurdle in

promoting carbon neutrality. The goals of this project are: (1) to heighten public awareness on

the importance of public transportation utilisation towards global warming reduction, (2) to

appreciate travellerss effort in reducing carbon footprint and energy, and (3) to promote

intellectual collaboration between ASEAN universities in air pollution research towards

sustainability. From 11 October till 17 October, 2011, with 35 facilitators, this project will kick off

with the launching of awareness campaign on Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) train from

Butterworth, Penang to Bangkok, Thailand, targeting train commuters. Academic interaction

and seminar involving postgraduates from USM, Chulalongkorn University, and Asian Institute of

Technology (AIT) would drive it further by propagating research network among ASEAN

universities. It is a prime opportunity for us to share and learn from the experience by eminent

and prestigious environmentalists in the world. We hope that this project will serve to garner

nation attention and foster sustainable development.


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1. Introduction

Carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases

(GHG) emitted over the whole lifecycle of an item or activity (Grenon et al., 2009). It is the

major contributor to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(IPCC, 2007) revealed that warming of the climate system is unequivocal and estimated

global mean temperature increase of approximately 0.76C between 2001 and 2005. Over

90% probability this is caused by increasing of GHGs concentrations in atmosphere due to

human activities (IPCC, 2007). The environmental and economic risks of the climate change

magnitude projected for the 21st century have been featured in international policy

debates (AOSIS, 2009; G8, 2009; IPCC, 2007)

In year 2008, International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated contribution of 23% of the

total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the world by transportation sector (Schipper et al.,

2009). CO2 emission from transport-related activities in Asian developing countries is

predicted to grow significantly in the future. Emissions from ground transportation can

contribute as much as 2040% of a citys GHG emissions (Kennedy et al., 2009).

Transportation and its environmental impacts are a major component of urban sustainable

environmental management. At the same time, transportation and mobility are essential for

urban economics and the quality of life.

Closely interconnected with transportation sector, tourism, with current high-growth

emission trends, could become major global source of GHGs in the future (Scott et al.,

2010). Tourism sector needs energy for transporting visitors to and from, as well as within,

destinations, in accommodation establishments, and for various activities. The energy use in

tourism is linked to emissions of GHGs (Scott et al., 2010).

Table 1: Distribution of emissions from tourism by sub-sector (UNWTO-UNEP-WMO, 2008).

In 2005 Bangkok city had annual carbon emissions per capita of 7.1 tonnes (ROAP-

UNEP, 2009). Comparing cities globally, the carbon emission in Bangkok is relatively higher

than most major cities, for instance, Tokyo (5.9 tonnes in 2003), London (5.9-6.2 tonnes in

2006), Seoul (3.8 tonnes), Milan (5.4 tonnes in 2005), and Barcelona (3.4 tonnes) (Croci et al.,

2010; Dodman, 2009; Dhakal, 2009). Transportation sector contributed nearly 50% of total

annual carbon emission per capita in Bangkok, much higher than other cities such as

London (21.7%), New York (21.9%), and Milan (21.3%) (Croci et al., 2010). Comparisons of

fuel consumption by land and air transportation sectors among prominent cities are shown

in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4.

Tourism sub-sectors 2005 2035*

CO2 (Mt) % CO2 (Mt) %

Air transport 515 40% 1631 53%

Car transport 420 32% 456 15%

Other transport 45 3% 37 1%

Accommodation 274 21% 739 24%

Activities 48 4% 195 6%

Total 1,302 100% 3059 100%

World 26,400 100% Tourism contribution 1302 5%


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Table 2: Estimation of gasoline consumption based on vehicle kilometers travelled

(VKT)(Kennedy et al., 2010).

Table 3: Consumption of other ground transportation fuels (Kennedy et al., 2010).

Cities/Vehicles VKT (billion km) Fuel efficiency (km/L) Gasoline consumption (ML)

Bangkok

Passenger car 23.272 11.67 1994

Microbus & pickup 0.665 12.32 54

Van & pickup 0.873 12.42 70

Motorcycle 0.005 12.00 0.4

Urban taxi 1.102 11.63 95

Fixed route taxi 0.090 13.00 7

Motorcycle taxi 0.005 12.50 0.4

Motorcycle 10.790 24.57 439

Business taxi 0.015 11.63 1

2662

Barcelona

Cars 1.675 10.15 165

Motorcycles 0.600 35.29 17

Trucks and vans 0.168 6.21 27

209

Denver

Gasoline vehicles 8.045 6.38 1234

London

Cars Unknown Unknown 1711

Motorcycles Unknown Unknown 32

Goods vehicles Unknown Unknown 54

1797

New York City

Passenger vehicles 18.167 7.48 2428

Light trucks 10.274 5.87 1751

4179

Prague

Gasoline cars Unknown Unknown 357

Cities Diesel (ML) LPG (TJ) Natural gas (TJ)

Bangkok 2094 0 0

Barcelona 256 0.054 131

Cape Town 724 0 0

Denver 197 0 0

Geneva 51 0 0

London 1238 0 0

Los Angeles 3212 1699 4296

New York City 637 0 0

Prague 281 0 0

Toronto 2011 0 0


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Table 4: Jet fuel loaded onto planes at major airports in ten cities (Kennedy et al., 2010).

At the sustainability front, consumers should play a greater role in spreading awareness on

carbon footprint reduction apart from policy makers and industrial operators. Public

awareness is the fundamental driving force for sustainability. It is a challenging commitment

but it lies at the core of sustainable urbanisation.

2. Venue

Public awareness campaign: Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) train

(Butterworth, PenangBangkok, Thailand)(Round trip)

Academic interaction/seminar: (a) Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

(b) Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand

3. Target Audience

Awareness campaign is targeted for commuters travelling on Keretapi Tanah Melayu

Berhad (KTMB) train from Butterworth, Penang to Bangkok, Thailand (to-and-fro) while

academic interaction involves postgraduates from USM, Chulalongkorn University, and AIT.

4. Proposed Theme

Thank You for Leaving Your Carbon Footprints at Home!

5. Conceptual Design

All activities are geared towards minimal yet cozy interaction concept, demonstrating a

creative and bold approach instilling environmental awareness among people from all

walks of life by showing appreciation.

Cities Jet fuel (ML) Airports

Bangkok 4293 Donmaung Airport

Barcelona 1058 Barcelona Airport El Prat

Cape Town 1211 Cape Town International Airport

Denver 326 Denver International Airport

Geneva 294 Geneva International Airport

London 9100 Heathrow and City Airports

Los Angeles 4202 LAX, BUR, and LGB Airports

New York City 5615 JFK and LaGuardia Airports

Prague 420 Ruzyn Airport

Toronto 1830 Toronto Pearson Airport


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6. Problem Statement

Transportation is one of the greatest greenhouse gases contributors towards global warming

especially for dense developing city, Bangkok. Low public preference for public

transportation utilization in developing countries has been an old time hurdle in promoting

carbon neutrality.

7. Objectives

i. To promote public awareness on the importance of public transportation utilisation

towards global warming reduction

ii. To appreciate and encourage travellerss effort in reducing carbon footprint and

energy consumption by train commuting

iii. To galvanise intellectual collaboration between ASEAN universities in air pollution

research towards sustainability

8. Scope of Work

RECAF raises public environmental awareness on carbon footprint reduction with public

transportation. This project focuses on several aspects as following:

(a) Awareness campaign on train during the 46-hour round trip from Butterworth,

Penang to Bangkok, Thailand.

(b) Academic interaction in Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.

(c) Academic seminar on air pollution research in AIT, Thailand.

9. Date and Proposed Itinerary

Date/duration: 11-17 October, 2011, 7 days 6 nights

Proposed itinerary: Please refer to Appendix A.


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10. Budget

Proposed budget is estimated at RM 33,333.00 and sponsors will be sourced as much as

possible. Transportation and accommodation is the major expenditure with estimation of

RM 30,233.00. Therefore, we are forwarding a request for some sponsorship for 35

participants for this sustainability outreach project.

Table 5: Budget estimate

Item/Expenditure Details

Anticipated

Revenue

(RM)

Anticipated

Costs

(RM)

Participation fee RM 300 x 35 persons 10,500.00

Transportation

KTMB Train Ticket (Butterworth-Bangkok)

(Round trip) RM111.90 x 35 persons x 2 trips

7,833.00

Bus services (Bangkok & Pattaya) (8 hours x 5 days) RM 3000 x 5 days

15,000.00

Bus services (USM Nibong Tebal - Butterworth)

(Round trip) RM 100 x 2 trips

200.00

Academic

Interaction/

Seminar

Accommodations RM 100 x 18 rooms x 4 nights

7,200.00

Souvenirs RM 50 x 5 pieces

250.00

Corporate shirts RM60 x 35 pieces

2,100.00

RECAF

Awareness

Campaign

Campaign T-shirts RM 40 x 35 pieces

1,400.00

Campaign promotional items Giveaways: RM 2 x 400 pieces x 2 trips

Banners: RM 150 x 2 pieces Brochures: RM 1 x 400 pieces x 2 trips

2,700.00

Meals Breakfast: RM 10 x 35 persons x 2 trips

Lunch: RM 15 x 35 persons x 2 trips Dinner: RM 15 x 35 persons x 2 trips

3,150.00

Report printing and binding RM 50 x 10 pieces

500.00

Contingency

Allocation RM 100 x 35 participants 3,500.00

Grand Total 33,333.00

PROGRAMME

ADVANCEMENT

COMMITTEE

Zul Azmi B. Mohtar

Mohd Hafiz B. Zawawi

COMMITTEE

Siti Zubaidah Bt. Ahmad

Mohd Khairul Azuan B.

VICE PROJECT DIRECTOR I

Mohd Ariff B. Ahmad Nazri

SECRETARY

Nurul Izma Bt. Mohammed

11. Advisory Personnel

Professor Dr. Hamidi Bin Abdul Aziz

Dean, School of Civil Engineering, USM.

Associate Professor Dr. Badorul Hisham Bin Abu Bakar,

Deputy Dean (Postgraduate and Research), School of Civil Engineering, USM.

Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie Bin Mohamad Japeri

President, ACEPRO 2011.

12. Executive Personnel

Figure 1: Organisation chart of the working committee.

13. Evaluation and Reflection

Outcomes of the campaign will be evaluated through

commuters. Random respon

and avoid under-coverage bias, producing representative samples. Simple questionnaire

covering basic understanding of

campaign execution will be designed.

evaluation and reflection. Recommendations for future work

reflection.

Initiated by ACEPRO USM

PROJECT DIRECTOR

Lo Ming Rui

LOGISTICS

COMMITTEE

Siti Zubaidah Bt. Ahmad

Mohd Khairul Azuan B.

Muhammad

SPONSORSHIP &

PROCUREMENT

COMMITTEE

Nur Atiqah Bt. Ahmad

Awalluddin

Mahyun Bt. Ab. Wahab

PUBLIC RELATIONS

COMMITTEE

Ng Soon Min

Ramadhansyah Putra

Mohammadreza Samadi

VICE PROJECT DIRECTOR I

Mohd Ariff B. Ahmad Nazri

VICE PROJECT DIRECTOR II

Younes Bagheri

SECRETARY

Nurul Izma Bt. Mohammed

TREASURER

Siti Khadijah Bt Esa

Professor Dr. Hamidi Bin Abdul Aziz,

Dean, School of Civil Engineering, USM.

Associate Professor Dr. Badorul Hisham Bin Abu Bakar,


Bin Mohamad Japeri,

Figure 1: Organisation chart of the working committee.

Outcomes of the campaign will be evaluated through random response sampling among

Random response sampling is proposed to eliminate voluntary response bias

coverage bias, producing representative samples. Simple questionnaire

basic understanding of carbon footprint reduction practices and

be designed. Responses sampled will be analysed statistically for

evaluation and reflection. Recommendations for future work could be drawn from the

RECAF nitiated by ACEPRO USM

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PUBLIC RELATIONS

COMMITTEE

Ng Soon Min

Ramadhansyah Putra

Jaya

Mohammadreza Samadi

Tavana

VICE PROJECT DIRECTOR II


random response sampling among

se sampling is proposed to eliminate voluntary response bias

coverage bias, producing representative samples. Simple questionnaire

carbon footprint reduction practices and comments on

Responses sampled will be analysed statistically for

could be drawn from the


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14. Endorsements

Prepared by,

(LO MING RUI) Project Director,

Reduce Carbon Footprint Project 2011, Association of Civil Engineering Postgraduate and Research Officers (ACEPRO), School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus.

Supported by,

(AHMAD ZIA UL-SAUFIE BIN MOHAMAD JAPERI) President,

Association of Civil Engineering Postgraduate and Research Officers (ACEPRO), School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus.

Supported by,

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR. BADORUL HISHAM BIN ABU BAKAR Deputy Dean (Postgraduate and Research),

School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus.

Supported by,

PROFESSOR DR. HAMIDI ABDUL AZIZ Dean, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

Engineering Campus.


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15. References

AOSIS, 2009. Alliance of small island states (AOSIS) declaration on climate change.

Retrieved 20 June, 2011, from http://www.sidsnet.org/aosis/documents/AOSIS%20 Summit%20Declaration%20Sept%2021%20FINAL.pdf

Croci, E., Melandri, S., and Molteni, T., 2010. A comparative analysis of global city policies in

climate change mitigation: London, New York, Milan, Mexico City and Bangkok.

Working Paper n. 32. Centre for Research on Energy and Environmental Economics

and Policy (IEFE)

Dhakal, S., 2009. Urban energy use and carbon emissions from cities in China and policy

implications. Energy policy 37, 4208-4219.

Dodman, D., 2009. Blaming cities for climate change? An analysis of urban greenhouse gas

emissions inventories. Environment and Urbanization 2009 21: 185.

G8, 2009. Declaration of the leaders of the major economies forum on energy and climate.

Retrieved 20 June, 2011, from http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/summit/2009laquila/2009-

mef.pdf

Grenon, G., Martha, J., and Turner, M., 2008. How big is your carbon footprint?: Before you

can build an energy-efficient supply chain, you need to understand your

companys carbon emission. London: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc..

IPCC, 2007. Climate change 2007: Synthesis report. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University

Press.

Kennedy, C., Steinberger, J., Gasson, B., Hansen, Y., Hillman, T., Havrnek, M., Pataki, D.,

Phdungsilp, A., Ramaswami, A., and Mendez, G. V.. 2010. Methodology for

inventorying greenhouse gas emissions from global cities. Energy Policy 38 (2010),

4828-4837, doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.050.

Kennedy, C., Steinberger, J., Gasson, B., Hansen, Y., Hillman, T., Havrnek, M., Pataki, D.,

Phdungsilp, A., Ramaswami, A., and Mendez, G. V.. 2009. Greenhouse gas emissions

from global cities. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 7297-7302.

ROAP-UNEP, 2009. Eco facts: climate change in Bangkok. Bangkok: UNEP Regional Office or the Asia Pacific. Retrieved 21 June, 2011, from: http://www.roap.unep.org/BARCC_ 2009/BARCC_brief.pdf.

Schipper, L., Fabian, H., and Leather, J., 2009. Transport and carbon dioxide emissions:

Forecasts, options analysis, and evaluation. ADB Sustainable Development Working

Paper Series, No.9. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank.

Scott, D., Peeters, P., and Gssling, S., 2010. Can tourism deliver its aspirational greenhouse

gas emission reduction targets?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18: 3, 393-408,

doi:10.1080/09669581003653542.

UNWTO-UNEP-WMO, 2008. Climate change and tourism: Responding to global challenges.

Madrid: UNWTO.


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Appendix

Appendix A

Proposed Itinerary

DATE TIME ACTIVITIES/EVENTS

11 Oct 2011

(Tue)

12:00 MYT Departure from USM Engineering Campus

13:30 MYT Arrival at KTMB Butterworth Station

14:20 MYT Depature from Butterworth, Penang

15:00 MYT Launching of RECAF Awareness Campaign

12 Oct 2011

(Wed)

10:30 ICT Arrival at Bangkok (Hualomphong Station), Thailand

12:30 ICT Lunch

14:00 ICT Hotel check-in

16:00 ICT Discussion/preparation work with representatives from Chulalongkorn University and AIT

13 Oct 2011

(Thu)

08:00 ICT Academic visit to Chulalongkorn University

14:00 ICT Postgraduate seminar at Chulalongkorn University

20:00 ICT Rest and relaxation

14 Oct 2011

(Fri)

08:00 ICT

Academic visit to Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Klong Luang, Pathumthani.

14:00 ICT Environmental Colloquium at AIT

15 Oct 2011

(Sat)

08:00 ICT Departure from Bangkok

10:00 ICT Arrival at Pattaya

11:00 ICT Sightseeing around Pattaya

21:00 ICT Hotel check-in

16 Oct 2011

(Sun)

06:00 ICT Departure from Pattaya

08:00 ICT Arrival at Bangkok / Sightseeing in Bangkok

14:45 ICT Departure from Bangkok (Hualomphong Station)

17:00 ICT RECAF Awareness Campaign

17 Oct 2011

(Mon)

14:00 MYT Arrival at Butterworth Station

15:00 MYT Departure from Butterworth

16:30 MYT Arrival at USM Engineering Campus

ACEPRO - Bangkok RECAF community outreach [Revised 24 June](1).pdf

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