American College of Clinical Pharmacy

ACCP International Clinical Pharmacist Winter 2012–2013

Winter 2012–2013

ACCPInternational Clinical Pharmacist

Wafa Y. Dahdal, Pharm.D., BCPS • Volume 2; Issue 4

Table of Contents

Professional Development and Codes of Ethics 1

Pharmacy Specialties Certifications 2

Call for Papers 3

Advertise with ACCP International Clinical Pharmacist 3

Up-to-Date Specialties to be Offered in April 4

Mark Your Calendar 4

Book Highlights 5

A Message from the Editor 5

Professional Development and Codes of Ethics for Pharmacists

Codes of ethics put forth by pharmacy organizations define the principles of ethical and moral conduct as they pertain to the profession and practice of pharmacists. These principles provide guidance to help pharmacists attain and maintain ethical conduct in accordance with the profession’s values and standards. As health care professionals responsible for evidence-based, rational medication use, pharmacists are committed to upholding the highest standards of pharmacy practice. Continuing education and professional development is an area of focus for which principles are delineated by the codes of ethics adopted by national pharmacy organizations to en-sure the professional competence of practicing pharmacists. There is much agreement that pharmacists must seek to con-tinually improve their knowledge and skills for the benefit of the patients they serve, their professional colleagues, the pharmacy profession, and society as a whole. Indeed, in its statement of professional standards on the codes of ethics for pharmacists, the International Pharmaceutical Federation recommends that the codes of ethics set forth by national or-ganizations include the obligation of pharmacists “to ensure that they keep their knowledge and professional skills up-to-date through continuing professional development.”1

The table below provides excerpts of principles and obligations related to continuing education and profes-sional development extracted from national codes of eth-ics for pharmacists that have been adopted by national pharmacy organizations representing different parts of the world: American Pharmacists Association (United States); Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (Australia); Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland (Ireland); Pharmaceu-tical Society of Kenya (Kenya); and Singapore Pharmacy Council (Singapore). Codes of ethics published by other national professional organizations are available, but a comprehensive review of these is beyond the scope of this article.

(continued)

Excerpts of Principles on Continuing Education and Competence from Codes of Ethics for Pharmacists Adopted by National Pharmacy Organizations

Country Organization Excerpt of Principles on Continuing Education and Competence

Australia Pharmaceutical Society of Australia

A pharmacist maintains a contemporary knowledge of pharmacy practice and ensures health and competence to practise

Ireland Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland

A pharmacist must maintain a level of competence sufficient to provide his/her professional services effectively and efficiently

Kenya Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya

The pharmacist maintains and develops professional knowledge and skills: To ensure competency in each pharmaceutical service provided by continually updating knowledge and skills

Singapore Singapore Pharmacy Council

A pharmacist shall keep abreast of advancements in pharmaceutical knowledge so as to maintain a high standard of competency in professional practice for the assurance of effective outcomes and safety in patients

United States

American Pharmacists Association

A pharmacist maintains professional competence: A pharmacist has a duty to maintain knowledge and abilities as new medications, devices, and technologies become available and as health information advances

American College of Clinical Pharmacy

ACCP International Clinical Pharmacist Winter 2012–2013

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Because of ever-advancing medical and pharmaceuti-cal knowledge, complexities of diseases and patient care, and changing practices and progressive pharmacist roles, pharmacists must continually strive to enhance their com-petence and position themselves well for the future. Con-tinuing education (CE) and continuing professional develop-ment (CPD) are established processes intended to enhance the pharmacist’s competence. Various definitions have been offered for CE and CPD. The definitions put forth by the Ac-creditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) are:

Continuing education for the profession of pharmacy is a structured educational activity designed or intended to support the continuing development of pharmacists and/or pharmacy technicians to maintain and enhance their competence. Continuing pharmacy education (CPE) should promote problem-solving and critical thinking and be applicable to the practice of pharmacy.2

Continuing professional development is defined as “the lifelong process of active participation in learning activities that assists individuals in developing and maintaining con-tinuing competence, enhancing their professional practice, and supporting achievement of their career goals.”3

Three important features of CPD are that it is (1) practitio-ner centered and self-directed, (2) practice related, and (3) outcomes oriented.4 Five stages comprise the cyclic process of CPD: reflect, plan, act, evaluate, and record and review. Although the continued development of one’s education and competence is embraced by the national codes of ethics of many countries, CE and CPD are not consistently required for maintaining pharmacist licensure or registration across the globe. Lifelong professional development is most crucial as a competent pharmacy workforce is being developed and prepared for evolving and future patient care roles.

Professional Development and Codes of Ethics for Pharmacists (continued)

The Five Stages of CPD

Copyright © 2005–2011 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Educa-tion. Used with permission.

Although CE or CPD is not mandatory in all countries for pharmacists to continue their practices, it is crucial to emphasize that, for pharmacists to fulfill their moral obliga-tions and responsibilities toward the patients they provide care to, the profession, and their societies, lifelong profes-sional development should be a personal obligation of each individual pharmacist.

1. International Pharmaceutical Federation. Statement of Professional Standards on Codes of Ethics for Pharmacists. New Orleans: FIP, 2004.

2. Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. Definition of Continu-ing Education for the Profession of Pharmacy. Available at www.acpe-accredit.org/pdf/CE_Definition_Pharmacy_Final_1006-2007.pdf. Accessed January 30, 2013.

3. Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. Continuing Profession-al Development (CPD). Available at www.acpe-accredit.org/ceprovid-ers/CPD.asp. Accessed January 30, 2013.

4. Rouse MJ. Continuing professional development in pharmacy. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:2069-76.

Pharmacy Specialties Certifications: Expansion of Recognized Specialties and International Specialists

Six pharmacy specialties are currently recognized by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS): Ambulatory Care Phar-macy, Nuclear Pharmacy, Nutrition Support Pharmacy, Oncol-ogy Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy, and Psychiatric Pharmacy. To meet the contemporary and future professional needs of clinical pharmacy practitioners, ACCP is working with BPS and other pharmacy organizations to obtain rec-ognition of additional pharmacy specialties. New specialties under consideration include those in the following practice areas: critical care pharmacy practice, pediatric pharmacy

practice, cardiology pharmacy practice, infectious diseases pharmacy practice, and solid organ transplantation pharma-cy practice. Progress toward consideration of these poten-tial new specialties is at different stages, with critical care and pediatric pharmacy being the most advanced. On the international scene, with the evolution of phar-macist roles globally and the expansion of patient-centered services provided by pharmacists, the number of interna-tional pharmacists seeking and earning board certification

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American College of Clinical Pharmacy

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Pharmacy Specialties Certifications: Expansion of Recognized Specialties and International Specialists (continued)

continues to increase. As of January this year, 933 interna-tional pharmacists from 34 countries had been granted one or several specialty certifications.

Most international pharmacy specialists are certified in pharmacotherapy (56%), followed by oncology pharma-cy (24%), nutritional support pharmacy (11%), psychiatric pharmacy (5%), ambulatory care pharmacy (3%), and nucle-ar pharmacy (1%) (BPS, unpublished data, 2013).

Percentage of International Pharmacy Specialists by Specialty

BCACP = Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist; BCNP = Board Certified Nuclear Pharmacist; BCNSP = Board Certified Nutri-tion Support Pharmacist; BCOP = Board Certified Oncology Pharma-cist; BCPP = Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist; BCPS = Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist.

Additional information on board certification and ACCP’s ef-forts to expand pharmacy specialty recognition is available at www.accp.com/careers/certification.aspx.

Call for Papers

Individuals are invited to submit articles for publication in future issues of the newsletter in the following departments:

.. Clinical Pharmacy Practice.. Clinical Pharmacist or Clinical Practice Profile.. Patient Care.. Research and Practice.. Pharmacy Education.. Continuing Professional Development

To obtain more information and submit an article, see Information for Authors at www.accp.com/docs/inter-national/InformationForAuthors.pdf.

Announcements of quality educational programs, con-ferences, or products and position listings of interest to the international audience may be published in ACCP In-ternational Clinical Pharmacist. To obtain more information and submit an advertise-ment, see the Advertising Rate Card at www.accp.com/docs/international/RateCard.pdf.

Advertise with ACCP International Clinical Pharmacist

Countries Where Pharmacists Have Earned Pharmacy Specialty Certifications

Australia

Bahrain

Bermuda

Canada

Costa Rica

Egypt

France

Germany

Guam

Hong Kong

Iran

Ireland

Japan

Jordan

Kenya

Korea

Kuwait

Lebanon

Macau

Malaysia

Netherlands

Pakistan

Portugal

Puerto Rico

Qatar

Saudi Arabia

Singapore

Spain

Sudan

Switzerland

Thailand

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

Virgin Islands

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Most Comprehensive and Up-to-date Courses for Ambulatory Care Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Specialties to Be Offered in April

Hundreds of pharmacists seeking specialty certification and recertification in the ambulatory care pharmacy and pharma-cotherapy specialties will gather at ACCP Updates in Thera-peutics® 2013 to attend The Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Pre-paratory Review and Recertification Course and The Pharma-cotherapy Preparatory Review and Recertification Course. Developed and presented by nationally recognized fac-ulty, each of the two 5-day courses offers the most com-

prehensive review available of pharmacotherapeutic and practice-related topics relevant to the domains and patient care problems within the scope of the particular specialty. In addition, the most up-to-date guidelines and clinical find-ings are presented for each topic. Moreover, an extensive list of references and resources on the topics is provided throughout the courses and at the end of the chapters.

ACCP Updates in Therapeutics® 2013

April 19–23, 2013Reno, Nevada

2013 ACCP Annual MeetingOctober 13–16, 2013

Albuquerque, NM

Mark Your Calendar

To emphasize the thought processes needed to solve patient care problems seen in daily practice, the courses are delivered using an interactive case-based approach. Each course includes hundreds of patient- and practice-based questions, together with answers and justifications for the correct answers, to further develop participants’ abilities in the application of knowledge and clinical skills.

ACCP Updates in Therapeutics® 2013 will take place April 19–23 in Reno, Nevada. The 2013 home study version of the two courses will be available online in June of this year. More information on these courses is available at www.accp.com/meetings/UT13/. More information on board certi-fication and ACCP’s preparatory and recertification programs is available at www.accp.com/careers/certification.aspx.

2013 Oncology Pharmacy Preparatory Review Course

May 2–4, 2013Chicago, Illinois

Content Covered in the Live Preparatory Review and Recertification Courses for the Ambulatory Care Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy Specialties

Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Preparatory Review and Recertification Course

Pharmacotherapy Preparatory Review and Recertification Course.. Biostatistics: A Refresher and Study Designs.. Bone/Joint and Rheumatology.. Cardiology.. Dermatology/HEENT.. Diabetes Mellitus and Endocrine Disorders.. Emergency Medicine.. Epilepsy and Headache/Migraine.. Gastrointestinal Disorders.. HIV/AIDS.. Immunizations.. Infectious Diseases.. Men’s and Women’s Health.. Nephrology.. Neurology: Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease.. Obstetrics and Gynecology.. Pain Management.. Psychiatric Disorders and Oncology.. Pulmonary Disorders and Smoking Cessation.. Solid Organ Transplantation

.. Ambulatory Care.. Biostatistics and Study Designs.. Cardiology.. Critical Care.. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders.. Fluids, Electrolytes, and Nutrition.. Gastrointestinal Disorders.. General Psychiatry.. Geriatrics.. Infectious Diseases.. HIV.. Men’s and Women’s Health.. Nephrology.. Neurology.. Oncology Supportive Care.. Pediatrics.. Pharmacokinetics

American College of Clinical Pharmacy

ACCP International Clinical Pharmacist Winter 2012–2013

5 American College of Clinical Pharmacy • 13000 W. 87th St. Parkway, Suite 100 • Lenexa, KS 66215 • (913) 492-3311 • (913) 492-0088 Fax • www.accp.com

Dear Colleagues:

This issue of ACCP International Clinical Pharmacist high-lights the importance of lifelong professional development to maintain and advance the competence of practicing pharmacists. The article titled “Professional Development and Codes of Ethics for Pharmacists” highlights that professional de-velopment, in the form of continuing education and/or continuing professional development, and maintenance of competence is an ethical obligation of each practicing phar-macist. Examples of principles on continuing education and pharmacist competence extracted from codes of ethics for pharmacists and adopted by several national pharmacy or-ganizations are presented. The article titled “Pharmacy Specialties Certifications: Expansion of Recognized Specialties and International Spe-cialists” recapitulates the pharmacy practice areas in which

ACCP is seeking new pharmacy specialties to be recog-nized by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties. The article also provides an account of international board certified pharmacy specialists. Two additional articles highlight pro-fessional development programs available for ambulatory care pharmacy and pharmacotherapy specialists. I hope you will find the articles published in this issue of ACCP International Clinical Pharmacist of interest and relevance to you and your professional development.

Sincerely,

Wafa Y. Dahdal, Pharm.D., BCPS

A Message from the Editor

Ambulatory Care Self- Assessment Program (ACSAP)

In accordance with its long history of providing exceptional profes-sional development programs for the recertification of board certi-fied pharmacy specialists, ACCP

launched this January the first book in the new Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Self-Assessment Program (ACSAP). ACSAP is a series of home study continuing education activities that provide the latest information on topics within the scope of the Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharma-cist (BCACP). The series affords ambulatory care pharmacists the opportunity to develop and assess their knowledge in the science and application of pharmacotherapy relevant to ambulatory care practice. Each ACSAP release provides new, evidence-based content that can be integrated into struc-tured training programs or that can assist advanced-level practitioners in maintaining their clinical competence. AC-SAP is approved by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties as a professional development activity for the recertification of BCACPs. Available in online and e-media packages, ACSAP offers electronic features that enhance the learning experience.

Book Highlights

Direct links to current guidelines, online tools, or agency resources increase and simplify readers’ access to content important to furthering their understanding and mastery of the material. Baseline knowledge statements and links to es-tablished key resources on the topics are provided for each chapter. Chapter texts are fully referenced, with direct links to PubMed, the Cochrane Database, and other compilers that facilitate readers’ access to original articles, including cutting-edge, late-breaking studies of relevance to pharma-cist practitioners. Multimedia elements (audio, video) illus-trating patient care concepts are provided, when appropri-ate, to facilitate learning. 2013–2015 ACSAP books and release dates are as follows:.. Pulmonary/Preventive Care January 15, 2013.. Infection Primary Care July 15, 2013.. Endocrinology/Rheumatology January 15, 2014.. Cardiology Care July 15, 2014.. Neurologic and Psychiatric Care January 15, 2015.. Women’s and Men’s Care July 15, 2015

ACSAP is approved for the recertification of BCACPs, pro-viding several opportunities for pharmacists to earn continu-ing pharmacy education credit toward professional develop-ment. More information on the series is available at www.accp.com/bookstore/acsap.aspx.

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