Accidents in construction industry due to poor safetyByIkhwak singhAjay guptaKunwar kharbandaMeera v.rajan Report submitted for the fulfilment of the requirement for the course NTCC CODE & SUBJECT NAME

Under the guidance of Mr. Nihar Nanyam

School of Construction, RICS SBE ,Amity University

Certificate

This is to certify that the report entitled ------------ is a bonafide record of the work carried out by ---------------, in partial fulfilment of the requirement of the course ---------------. He has worked under my supervision and guidance in the --------------------------- and has fulfilled the requirements for the submission of his report.The content of this report have not been submitted in part or full to any other University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Nihar Nanyam Assistant Professor School of Construction RICS School of Built EnvironmentAmity University DECLARATIONWe hereby declare that the project work entitledACCIDENTS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DUE TO POOR SAFETYsubmitted to RICS SCHOOL OF BUILT ENVIORMENT, Amity University is a record of an original work done under the guidance ofMr.Niham Nanyam . The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any otherUniversity or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mr. Nihar Nanyam who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Accidents in construction industry due to poor safety which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.Secondly we would also like to thank our parents and friends who helped us a lot in finalizing this report within the limited time frame.

TABLE OF CONTENTS1.What are accidents?2.Causes of accidents(30 causes)3.Neglecting poor safety4.Precautions that could be taken at a construction site5.Methods that could be adopted.6.Public protection7.Excavators (Heavy construction equipments)8. Costs to accidents at construction site.9. Benefits of accident prevention

List of figures with their description Figure 1.1Accident showing due to poor working practices

Figure 1.2Accident showing due to lifting heavy materials

Figure 1.3Accident showing due to lack of safety

Figure 1.4Accident showing due to fire hazards

Figure 1.5Accident showing due to trolleys

WHAT ARE ACCIDENTS?An accident or a disaster and unplanned occasion or condition, frequently with absence of plan or need. It normally infers a by and large negative conclusion which may have been maintained a strategic distance from or avoided had circumstances paving the way to the mischance been perceived, and followed up on, preceding its event. Damage counteractive action alludes to exercises intended to anticipate and maintain a strategic distance from mishaps.

Accidents are especially of basic sorts (slamming of cars, occasions bringing about flame, and so on.) are examined to distinguish how to stay away from them later on. This is some of the time called main driver investigation, however does not by and large apply to mischances that can't be deterministic-ally anticipated. A main driver of an unprecedented and absolutely arbitrary mishap might never be recognized, and accordingly future comparative mishaps stay "unplanned."

Cause of accidentsAs we all known that accident is an unplanned activity and hence an accident dont have any specific cause to occur, the causes of accidents varies from situation to situation.

30 Causes of accidentsAccidents from scaffolding generally, there is a trend in construction site to provide scaffolding works in standard specifications. this is dangerous and there is a every chance for falling down of labors from the scaffolding. in order to avoid these accidents it is extremely necessary and mandatory to provide scaffolding as per specification by the combatant authorities. This will provide safety to the workers and the construction managers should insist on this.

Accidents while piling if proper precautions are not taken, there is every chance that workers can fell into the piling pit filled with bentanine slurry .so proper precautions should be taken. Fencing etc should be provided to resist passengers through the area.Accidents in improper centering centering should be provided as per standard specifications of relevant code of practice. If improper centering may lead to the collapse of centering during concreting and there is every chance for loss of life of workers and consequent legal proceedings.Accidents from balconies and staircases if balconies and staircases are not provided with proper temporary hand rails there is every chance for the workers and other supervising staffs to fell from the staircase of balconies. In muilty storey construction sites, proper netting arrangements should be provided underside of balconies, so that if a worker accidently fall from balconies will stay on the netting and he can be rescued.Accidents in lift well during construction the door openings of lifts well should be properly covered to avoid accidents .Accidents occurred from falling of materials from the top workers should be provided with helmets, safety coats and proper arrangements also should be taken as per conditions of site to avoid such type of falling.Accidents in improper lifting arrangements of materials the temporary lifting arrangements are not provided as per standard specifications, there is every chance for the failure of the lifting arrangements.Accidents in improper and careless electrical installation during construction electrical equipments will become necessary the electricity for running these machineries are taken from temporary connections. If the temporary connections are not properly managed, there are chances for accidents from electrical connections.Accidents from fire hazards during construction, imflammeble materials like kerosin, and petroleum gases for building works are most common. Workers generally have a trend for smoking in construction sites. If proper precautions are not taken, there is every chance for fire hazards.Accidents occurring during reinforcement work from overhead electric lines in some construction sites, low tension electrical lines and high tension electrical lines may pass near the construction site. Generally to the building is large naturally the length of reinforcement will also be long. If the worker are not provided with proper insulation materials in handling reinforcement, there is every hence for disaster from electricity.Accidents from improper stocking of chemicals generally many type of chemicals are used in construction site. If it is not stocked carefully and handled carefully there is every chance for accidents from these chemicals.Accidents from improper internal wiring if wirings are not provided properly, accidents can happen from shorts circuits.Accidents from lifting and moving heavy materials lifting and moving of heavy materials are not done carefully, then accidents can happen.Accidents in well foundations during brick construction, the proper precautionary measures are not taken, workers may fell into the well.Accidents due to falling of earth in trenches during earth work it is a common type of accidents. If proper safety measures are not taken, earth may fall from the side trenches causing causality to the workers.Accidents from improper handling of construction tools construction equipments like chisels, screwdrivers are generally used in construction sites .one worker may need a particular tool or chisel, for his work and if there is scarcity of that particular tool, workers may exchange such tools for their work. Some workers may through such tools to other workers for his work. in which there is chance for accidents. after using the chisel or tools there is a tendency to keep the tools to the side of the wooden materials and there is some persons passing along the side may met with accidents from these tools.Accidents from trolleys if railing of trolleys are not fixed properly and trolleys are not handled properly,accidents can happen.these type of accidents are caused nearly due to negligence which will be viewed seriously by the safety authorities.Accidents while sleeping in construction site there is a tendency in construction sites for sleeping of workers after their meals in places where ever they work.Accidents from pointed materials in site like iron rods etc in construction site,after cutting steel rods in proper measurements there will be balance bit rods which cannot be used for construction works and which will be dumped in the site. If these materials are not properly stocked, there is every chance for accidents from these materials.Accidents due to poor communication there should be proper interaction between workers who are doing connective works. if proper interaction and communication is not provided accidents can happen.Accidents due to poor working practices there should be specific working practice in a site which should be insisted by the supervisors. If a particular work, two teams are doing in different ways there is chance for accidents.Accidents due to old machineries as far as possible, old and non-working machineries should not be used. Since there is every chance for accidents from non-working old machineries.Accidents due to poor behavior there should be strict supervision to look into such activities. If it is not controlled workers may quarrel each other using the tools available in the construction site.Accidents due to self-carelessness if proper care and consciousness is not taken accidents may happen. Proper awareness should be given to everybody working in the site.Accidents due to lack of education/awareness if proper education or awareness is not given, accidents may happen due to lack of awareness or education.Accidents due to lack of safety if proper safety measures is not taken, accidents may happen.Accidents due to old hand tools as far as possible old hand tools should be avoided or else workers might get hurt.Accidents due to unsafe access temporary hand rails, fencings etc. should be provided to avoid accidents in access.

Some figures of causes of accidents Figure1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure1.3

Figure1.4

Figure1.5

Shortcuts causes accidentsWorkers are sometimes lazy; they sometimes take shortcuts which may lead to accidents... Be that as it may, when laborers take alternate routes at work, particularly when they are working around hazardous hardware or deadly chemicals, they are just presenting themselves to a potential calamity. In any case alternate routes that are undertaken the employment are not really easy routes.Taking such shortcuts is a risk of injury, or worse, death.

Neglecting Safety ProceduresWe see this in our day to day life. In India most of the workers neglect safety procedures. Deliberately disregarding set security strategies in the working environment jeopardizes the specialists around you and in addition the organization in general. Easily after security systems doesn't work either. Specialists are paid to take after working environment security techniques and not their own.

Mechanical factors and environmental factorsMechanical factors include perilous mechanical configuration and development ,risks arrangement, improper mechanical guarding, defective device, improper handling of material ,leaking and so on.Environmental factors include too low and too high temperature which causes shivering and sweating, too high humidity to cause fatigue and drowsiness and illumination inadequate rest and brakes between working hours,poor house keeping,noise,flash coming from ear by machinery or equipment etc.

Personal factors like age,health,lack of awareness,knowledge,attitude to work,etc.

Risk-Taking and Warnings Risk-Taking as a Decision Process Individuals must know a danger exists, realize what activities are accessible, & know the results of the safe behavior vs. alternative behaviors Written Warnings and Warning Labels Accurately convey the hazards of a product Should include a signal word, info pertaining to the hazard, consequences, & necessary behavior Danger: Immediate hazard likely results in severe injury Warning: Hazard could result in injury Caution: Hazard or unsafe use my result in minor injury

Accident Investigation Levels of Causes

Fundamental causes Management Safety &Decisions Individual Factors Environmental factorsand Unsafe act unsafe condition

Indirect causes

and Unplanned Release of Energy And/orDangerous Material

Direct causes MISHAP Individual Injury Property damage

PRECAUTIONS THAT SHOULD BE TAKEN AT A CONSTRUCTION SITEConsistently in the construction business, individuals are murdered or harmed as a consequence of being struck by moving plant. Accidents happen all through the development process, from preparations to completing works. Chiefs, specialists, site guests and general society can all be at danger if construction vehicle exercises are not legitimately overseen and controlled.Methods that could be used for prevention of the accidents:1. Perform an exhaustive stroll through of the site. Distinguish and evaluate any working environment dangers and record anything that may be viewed as risky. Tell your directors of conceivable dangers that he/she ought to think about. 2. Train all faculties in work-site security and working systems either on location or at a preparation office. 3. Preparing ought to incorporate legitimate lifting systems to help diminish regular back wounds maintained at work. 4 .Identify and check all kind of unsafe materials. Focus any danger included to work force. 5 .Label and store any materials esteemed dangerous in fitting holders and secure them in a safe area. Post precautionary measures for taking care of close-by. Verify there is a MSDS (material wellbeing information sheet) for all possibly risky chemicals/materials. 6. Inspect equipments to make sure it is working appropriately. Be watchful for uncommon clamors and jerky developments. 7. Use harnesses and other wellbeing gear when performing on top of a roof or on scaffoldings.

8 .Provide all the workers with personal defensive equipments, including hard caps, wellbeing goggles and boots, work gloves, ear attachments (or an alternate type of assurance) and face veils.

9. Make certain OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) guidelines are met. Take after all suggestions and orders from word related wellbeing and security overseers. On the off chance that you work for a privately owned business, ask directors whether they've procured or gotten a wellbeing and security monitor.

10. Plan for crises. Administrators and site laborers ought to comprehend what to do if there should arise an occurrence of electrical, mechanical, power disappointments, or wounds.

Secure general society by blockading the development site amid work hours. In the wake of working hours, bolt all purposes of section.

Arranging a safe site ought to start before the development stage. There are particular obligations put on those included inside the development methodology, including customers, creators, CDM co-ordinators and foremen. The area 'Overseeing development transport' manages these parts in more detail.

This segment gives direction on the most proficient method to build a safe working environment for vehicle operations. The general message is straightforward safe work environments are accomplished by dividing walkers and vehicles and giving peril free activity course

Pedestrian routes Secure passerby courses on location which give safe person on foot access to work zones. Passerby courses ought to be either placed a safe separation far from territories of vehicle action or gave suitable physical insurance, for example, considerable fencing and/or kerbs, to avert people on foot being struck by vehicles or their heaps.Precaution taken during pipe works.1.When arranging new establishments and remodel works, verify that the arrangements incorporate valves, infusion and washout focuses to encourage compelling cleaning and sanitization of the pipework. 2.As far as is practicable, if universally useful or particular vehicles are utilized for water supply development and repair obligations, don't utilize those vehicles for different obligations where sullying may be common (e.g. sewerage work).Public protectionTo avert development vehicle operations jeopardizing the general population, significant safety measures ought to be taken, contingent upon the way of the site and work, counting the procurement of: Suitable vehicles; Suitable walker and vehicle activity administration frameworks; Site fencing; Signalers or security monitors; and Successful vehicle immobilization frameworks and key authorityExcavators: Excavators are included in numerous accidents. They generally happen when excavators slew around, opposite and move around site. To avoid such mischances: Excavators ought to be outfitted with sufficient perceivability supports to guarantee drivers can see zones where individuals may be at danger from the operation of the machine; Individuals ought to be avoided the territories of excavator operation by the procurement of suitable obstructions; a signaler ought to be given and in a safe position to control the excavator's operation and any person on foot developTwofold Check Your Work AreasScaffolds are a basic piece of most development destinations and are connected with a high number of wounds. So when you are going to be working on them, you must ensure your safety first. Check with your supervisor or find out yourself whether the scaffolds have been assessed by an expert or an able individual. Never take a shot at a deficient platform which does not have a very strong platform or the base.Ladders are other essential construction site tools with a high potential for danger. Check the ladder thoroughly before using it. If you find any part of the ladder wobbly, do not us it. A ladder should be of proper strength and of a height that always keeps it at least one meter above the landing. All of the steps or slabs of the ladder must be secured properly. The upper and lower end of the ladder should preferably be fastened or secured properly. If not, ensure there is someone manually keeping it secure in order to prevent a fall from height.Be Vigilant with Electricity and Equipment:Construction sites require a lot of electrical installations. Lifting equipment mostly involves electricity and weights. When working with such equipment, you need to be extra cautious to see there is no wear and tear in the machine and also to follow the safety precautions listed for the equipment. If you do not know them, seek help and instructions from a site supervisor or co-worker who has worked with the equipment before.If you are using plugged-in portable devices, such as grinders or drills, you should always watch that the links are secured, the metal packaging is grounded, and the force supply is given an earth spillage electrical switch. Never permit the electrical instruments to interact with water. Never stand or work immediately below a heavy suspended load. And always check that you are not exceeding the permissible levels of load.You'll need proper training before operating some equipment, including a material hoist and a crane. Ensure the hoist is operated only after the gates are locked properly. Know the working load limits of a hoist and never exceed those limits. Most importantly, when using material hoists, make sure the communication between you and the operator are clearly understood. Any error here can cause a major accident on the site.Maintain Fencing and Prevent FiresNotice the number of fatal injuries and falls that happen in areas where there is no fencing. Perilous regions that you see without fencing or with broken and harmed fencing ought to be kept away from until they are totally repaired or a fitting fencing is set up. If this is not happening in time, inform your site supervisor immediately.With the machinery that is present, along with combustible chemicals and welding operations, there is always a possibility of fire on a construction site. Be alert and take some measures to prevent them. Open flames should be kept away from construction sites because of the presence of flammable materials (especially on oil rig sites).All specialists ought to know the break or passageway course if a blaze happens. Knowing where the flame dousers are and how to utilize them may turn out to be extremely profitable by and large and is in this manner very suggested. Head honchos ought to prepare laborers to utilize this crisis gear.Protective Apparel and PPEEmployers are supposed to provide their workers with proper protective gear and clothing. If you as a worker do not have them, demand them from your employer and wear them correctly. Well-fitted helmets and protective eyewear are a must. Ear plugs or muffs for working in noisy areas and protective gloves when dealing with toxic chemicals should be worn. Anti-slip footwear and protective apparel are necessary for those working in toxic or dusty environments. Make sure you wear them. Fall harnesses are very important for every construction worker. Ensure your harness is sturdy and secured to a strong anchorage point when you are working at heights.At sites where there is a lot of movement of heavy vehicles, workers should wear highly visible clothing so that they can be located and seen easily. Because construction workers have to be working outdoors regardless of weather conditions, they also should have some climate protective gear and clothing.Keep First Aid CloseWhile it may not be feasible for laborers to convey medical aid supplies with all of them the time, both the site boss and foreman ought to guarantee that emergency treatment is constantly available to the specialists. If as a worker you find that first aid you will need is not around, inform your supervisor immediately. Basic first aid for minor burns, cuts, and falls should be available on site so that the required medical assistance can be provided to the workers immediately. This is beneficial to the employer, as well, because this ensures that after resting for some time, the worker can return to his work as soon as possible. Some injuries when treated immediately helps in limiting the damage immensely and prevents infections from spreading.

Last ThoughtsA development laborer needs to be watchful at all times. Zones that are not appropriately lit must be dodged until fitting lighting is given. You ought to likewise abstain from playing with their work equipments. Always follow instructions during an emergency, if you notice any unsafe condition, such as a floor opening that is uncovered or not fenced, inform your co-workers and supervisor immediately. Construction workers play one of the important roles in our modern society. It's their job to provide safe buildings, bridges, and many other assets for society; the workers owe it to themselves and their employers to work safely.Attorney Mark Hassakis is one of the top personal injury lawyers at the Hassakis & Hassakis, P.C. law firm in Southern Illinois. He is proficient in all the areas of personal injury and worker's compensation and has successfully represented individuals in the most complicated cases of personal injury law.

COSTS TO ACCIDENTS AT CONSTRUCTION SITES:1)Product and material damageAs any accidents occurs at construction site,company has to loss or pay a huge amount in the form of materials,products.For example:

Piper Alpha(BP refinery fire in 1987)Estimated cost of over 2 billioncost 50 million in property harm cost further 50 million because of business problems

2)Lost production timeAs any accidents happened at construction site there should be a delay in construction due to lost of produts,materials and to set the thing again back 0to the convenience.

3) Overtime & temporary labourWorkers have to do overtime due to delay in construction in order to done project at time.4) Fines Any accident happens due to poor safety or carelessness ,so company have to pay fine if accidents haapens according to law and order .5)Loss of expertise/experienceIf a worker meet with an accident ,he/she is not able to do work so company hay to hire new one which is less experienced or say amature.For example HSE COMPANY~ small designing firm (15 laborers) workers sleeve found on pivoting drill both bones in lower arm broken 12 days in clinic off labor for 3 months admin obligations for 5 months unable to work apparatus for 8 months managing Director Prosecuted 2 workers made excess to avert organization Total Costs to Company

Compensation for harmed specialist over period= Lost creation/medicinal work obliged = 8000Additional time wages to cover lost creation=3000Compensation for substitution worker=7000Loss of time of chief/MD=4000Legitimate expenses=3000Fines and court costs=4000Increment in Insurance Premiums=6000Total cost to business = 45000

6) Bad publicity/company lost value If any accident happens the one of most popular problem face by the the company is negative feedback through newspapers,media .Company has to speak what is the cause for accidents.

Benefits of accident prevention

The most important benefit of accident prevention is life safety.The employees benefits from accident prevention are as follows:- The employees will have better health. There will be greater job satisfactory for the employees. Positive attitude at home and at work Work related injury and illness of employees will be reduced

The company benefits from accident prevention are:- Good reputation for company The efficiency in work will increase as employees will not be scared to work in construction site but if there is some accident employees will be scared to work there. There will be less fine paid as a result of citations for violation. Greater efficiency With prevention of accident the overtime which is needed to cover absent employees will not be there. The most important benefit of accident prevention are that it prevents from negative affects like media grilling , negative public opinion, fines, unwanted attention, reduced profits and revenue because of disastrous sales.

CASE STUDYNAME OF THE SITE: SUPERNOVANAME OF THE CONSTRUCTION GROUP:SUPERTECH

INTRODUCTIONThe NOIDA city is all set to have the country's tallest skyscraper with the formal announcement of an 60-storey building that will be developed soon. The skyscraper will be the centrepiece of the project and will give a surrounding perspective of the city from all sides. The building will be deliberately placed close to the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway, the 8-path Kalindi Kunj blood vessel street and the proposed Metro station interfacing Noida to Jasola in New Delhi.The Supertech Supernova project is expected to get completed by 2015 and will boast of a height of 300m, a full 20 floors and 45m higher than the last skyscraper project launched a few months ago, already under construction in sector 74.To be built across 17 acres of land at a cost of around Rs 2,000 crore, the green building will host around 1,300 elite high-end homes having between 2 and 4 bedrooms as well as the lavishing studio apartments.

The project is a LEED certified green building which has got the required clearances from the Airport Authority and the Noida Authority. It is equipped with the latest safety measures and it will stand tall despite being in an area considered as a seismic-IV earthquake zone. The Supertech have collaborated with the team from the US to provide the project with the necessary technical quake resistant means.

SAFETY MEASURES AT THE SITE: Proper gears are being used the site for the visitors.

Our group photograph with the senior safety manager.