Accident Data Collection & Analysis...and Related Characteristics (1997--98)98) AAGR (%) Pop u...

Accident Data Collection & Accident Data Collection & AnalysisAnalysis

Short Course in Road Safety & Accident Short Course in Road Safety & Accident AnalysisAnalysis

University of MoratuwaUniversity of Moratuwa

2525thth March March 20042004

Trends in Growth Rates (1980=100)

300

350

400

450

500

550

Gro

wth

Ra

te (

19

80

=1

00

)

Operational Vehicles

Operated Vehicle kilometers

Road Accident

Passenger km

Accident Fatality

Population

50

100

150

200

250

300

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Gro

wth

Ra

te (

19

80

=1

00

)

Rates of Annual Growth in Accidents Rates of Annual Growth in Accidents and Related Characteristics (1997and Related Characteristics (1997--98)98)

AAGR

(%)

P o p u la t io n 1 .3

O p er a t io n a l Veh icle Flee t 8 .7O p er a t io n a l Veh icle Flee t 8 .7

Veh icle T r ip s 6 .8

P a s s en ge r T r ip s 4 .3

Accid en t s R ep o r t ed 4 .3

Fa t a li t ie s R ep o r t ed 3 .6

Injury Related Mortality, World 1998Injury Related Mortality, World 1998

Leading Causes of Death (World, 1998)Leading Causes of Death (World, 1998)

Traffic FatalitiesTraffic Fatalities

�� Estimated 700,000 to 1.3 million p.a.Estimated 700,000 to 1.3 million p.a.

�� Presently 10Presently 10thth place among all causes of place among all causes of deathdeathdeathdeath

�� Anticipated to be ranked 3Anticipated to be ranked 3rd rd by year 2020by year 2020

�� A leading cause of death in 5A leading cause of death in 5--59 yr group59 yr group

Cause of Death due to Road Traffic Cause of Death due to Road Traffic Accidents as ratio of all other causesAccidents as ratio of all other causes

�� In Sri Lanka In Sri Lanka -- 1 in 66 deaths1 in 66 deaths�� In Sri Lanka In Sri Lanka -- 1 in 66 deaths1 in 66 deaths

�� In High Income CountriesIn High Income Countries -- 1 in 25 deaths1 in 25 deaths

Factors that are likely to Factors that are likely to contribute to an accidentcontribute to an accident

-- TheThe RoadRoad

-- TheThe Vehicle/sVehicle/s-- TheThe Vehicle/sVehicle/s

-- TheThe RoadRoad User/sUser/s Driver/sDriver/s

--

-- EnvironmentalEnvironmental FactorsFactors

The RoadThe Road�� Land Use & Road Layout Land Use & Road Layout

�� Access ControlAccess Control

�� CrossCross--Sectional Design:Sectional Design:�� Side WalksSide Walks

�� Cycle Paths Cycle Paths

�� Centre Medians, Centre Medians,

�� Speed Related DesignsSpeed Related Designs�� SightSight--DistanceDistance

�� Traffic CalmingTraffic Calming

Signs & MarkingsSigns & Markings�� Signs & MarkingsSigns & Markings

�� Overtaking; Overtaking;

�� Surface TextureSurface Texture

�� Safety Fences and Barriers Safety Fences and Barriers

�� Crossing DesignsCrossing Designs�� Intersection DesignIntersection Design: :

�� Pedestrian Crossings: Pedestrian Crossings:

�� Locational Designs:Locational Designs:�� Roadside Obstacles, Street Furniture and TreesRoadside Obstacles, Street Furniture and Trees

�� Embankments, Crash Barriers/Recovery ZonesEmbankments, Crash Barriers/Recovery Zones

�� Potholes & Surface defectsPotholes & Surface defects

�� ParkingParking

The VehicleThe Vehicle

� Braking Systems

� Tires and the steering mechanism

� Load� Load

� A ‘sympathetic design’ for VR Users

� Safety Design for Vehicle Users

The Road UserThe Road User

-- PerceptionPerception:: processprocess ofof seeingseeing anan objectobject

-- IdentificationIdentification (also(also knownknown asas Intellection)Intellection):: processprocess ofofunderstandingunderstanding oror recognizingrecognizing thethe objectobject

-- EmotionEmotion:: thethe processprocess ofof makingmaking aa decisiondecision onon whatwhat reactionreactiontoto makemaketoto makemake

-- VolitionVolition (or(or Reaction)Reaction):: processprocess ofof executingexecuting thethe reactionreaction totothethe objectobject..

-- PrecautionsPrecautions (Steps(Steps takentaken toto mitigatemitigate anan accidentsaccidents andand thetheimpactimpact ofof anan accident)accident)

-- safetysafety equipmentequipment�� safety educationsafety education

The EnvironmentThe Environment

� Weather

� Road side distractions

� Lack of stimulation

Accident BlackspotsAccident Blackspots

� Blackspots are usually caused by bad road design combining with a poor driver, unfavourable weather conditions or a vehicle defect.

� Poor visibility, slippery road surfaces, lack of super elevation at a curve, poor intersection control are the commonest causes.

Accident Data CollectionAccident Data Collection

�� For legal purposes (e.g. for prosecution, For legal purposes (e.g. for prosecution, insurance claims)insurance claims)

�� For record purposes (e.g. for future reference)For record purposes (e.g. for future reference)

�� For improving road safety (e.g. to determine For improving road safety (e.g. to determine cause of accident, identify location)cause of accident, identify location)

Types of Accidents & Collision Types of Accidents & Collision DiagramDiagram

Head on Collision

Right - Angle Collision

Side Swipe

Motor Vehicle Moving Ahead

Motor Vehicle Backing

Pedestrian Movement

Parked VehicleSide Swipe

Out of Control

Fatal Accident

Personal Injury

Property Damage Only

Parking or Unparking Manoeuvre

Parked Vehicle

Fixed Object

Rear-End Collision

Accident Data AnalysisAccident Data Analysis

�� Safety has always been an issue in Safety has always been an issue in transport.transport.

�� On the one hand, transport planners On the one hand, transport planners �� On the one hand, transport planners On the one hand, transport planners argue that travel is getting safer. argue that travel is getting safer.

�� On the other hand, sociologist would On the other hand, sociologist would argue that road safety is a bigger social argue that road safety is a bigger social issue today.issue today.

Accident Reporting StatisticsAccident Reporting Statistics

�� Annual Accidents ReportedAnnual Accidents Reported

�� Fatalities per 10,000 Registered VehiclesFatalities per 10,000 Registered Vehicles

�� Fatalities per 10,000 Operational Fatalities per 10,000 Operational VehiclesVehiclesVehiclesVehicles

�� Fatalities per 100,000 PopulationFatalities per 100,000 Population

�� Fatalities per 1,000,000,000 Vehicle kms Fatalities per 1,000,000,000 Vehicle kms TravelledTravelled

�� Fatalities per 1,000,000,000 (Billion) Fatalities per 1,000,000,000 (Billion) Passenger kms TravelledPassenger kms Travelled

�� Fatality IndexFatality Index

Annual Accidents ReportedAnnual Accidents Reported

�� Sri Lanka’s Road Traffic InjuriesSri Lanka’s Road Traffic Injuries•• FatalitiesFatalities -- 2,000+2,000+

•• Grievous InjuriesGrievous Injuries -- 3,300+3,300+

•• Other InjuriesOther Injuries -- 11,600+11,600+•• Other InjuriesOther Injuries -- 11,600+11,600+

�� Vulnerable Road Users (% of Vulnerable Road Users (% of casualties)casualties)

•• PedestriansPedestrians -- 45 %45 %

•• CyclistsCyclists --07 %07 %

•• Motor CyclistsMotor Cyclists --14 %14 %

•• DriversDrivers --07%07%

•• PassengersPassengers --27%27%

Fatalities per 10,000 vehicles Fatalities per 10,000 vehicles (Sri Lanka)(Sri Lanka)

40

50

60

Fata

lity R

ate

Operational Registered

0

10

20

30

40

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Fata

lity R

ate

Fatal Accidents per One Hundred Thousand Population

6

8

10

12

Fa

talit

y R

ate

-

2

4

6

1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002

Year

Fa

talit

y R

ate

Road Accident Fatality Rates per Billion Vehicle kms in Road Accident Fatality Rates per Billion Vehicle kms in Road Accident Fatality Rates per Billion Vehicle kms in Road Accident Fatality Rates per Billion Vehicle kms in Road Accident Fatality Rates per Billion Vehicle kms in Road Accident Fatality Rates per Billion Vehicle kms in Road Accident Fatality Rates per Billion Vehicle kms in Road Accident Fatality Rates per Billion Vehicle kms in Sri Lanka by User Categories (1986Sri Lanka by User Categories (1986Sri Lanka by User Categories (1986Sri Lanka by User Categories (1986Sri Lanka by User Categories (1986Sri Lanka by User Categories (1986Sri Lanka by User Categories (1986Sri Lanka by User Categories (1986--------1992)1992)1992)1992)1992)1992)1992)1992)

50

60

70

80

Fata

lity

Rate

Pedestrian

0

10

20

30

40

50

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

Year

Fata

lity

Rate

Passenger

Driver

Road Accident Fatalities per Billion Road Accident Fatalities per Billion Road Accident Fatalities per Billion Road Accident Fatalities per Billion Road Accident Fatalities per Billion Road Accident Fatalities per Billion Road Accident Fatalities per Billion Road Accident Fatalities per Billion Passenger kms Carried in Sri Lanka Passenger kms Carried in Sri Lanka Passenger kms Carried in Sri Lanka Passenger kms Carried in Sri Lanka Passenger kms Carried in Sri Lanka Passenger kms Carried in Sri Lanka Passenger kms Carried in Sri Lanka Passenger kms Carried in Sri Lanka

(1977(1977(1977(1977(1977(1977(1977(1977--------1998)1998)1998)1998)1998)1998)1998)1998)

25

30

35

Fata

lity

Rate

10

15

20

25

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Fata

lity

Rate

Variations in Road Accident Fatality Index for Variations in Road Accident Fatality Index for Variations in Road Accident Fatality Index for Variations in Road Accident Fatality Index for Variations in Road Accident Fatality Index for Variations in Road Accident Fatality Index for Variations in Road Accident Fatality Index for Variations in Road Accident Fatality Index for Sri Lanka (1980Sri Lanka (1980Sri Lanka (1980Sri Lanka (1980Sri Lanka (1980Sri Lanka (1980Sri Lanka (1980Sri Lanka (1980--------1998)1998)1998)1998)1998)1998)1998)1998)

10.27

11.55

9.7210.00

11.00

12.00

Fa

talit

y In

de

x (

%)

7.83

9.18 9.20

8.66

9.72

8.78

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000Year

Fa

talit

y In

de

x (

%)

Fatality Index (death) and Action of Victims

shoulder edge of road

Falling from a Vehicle

Inside a Vehicle

Alighting from a Vehicle

Boarding a Vehicle

0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00%

Total

Other actions/not stated

Crossing on legal crossing

Crossing but not on legal crossing

On road

Fatality Index

Comparative Accident RatesComparative Accident Rates

Vehicle Type

Vehicle Kms Per Year

(Millions)

Pedestrian Deaths Per

Year

Fatality Rate

Death/Veh. Km

Ratio With

Car

Buses

1,268

152

120

1.77

V,J,L & T

2,501

258

103

1.52

Cars

1,328

90

68

1.00

Motorcycles

2,084

110

53

0.78 Motorcycles 2,084 110 53 0.78

Bicycles

1,270

38

30

0.44

Road Total

8,451

648

77

Railway (w/o trespassers) -do- (all fatalities)

6 6

43

156

7,167

26,000

105.7 383.5

Total

8,457

804

95

Vehicle Type

Passenger Kms Per Year

User Deaths Per Year (million)

Fatality Rate

Deaths/Bil Pax Kms

U.K. Fatality Rate

Motorcycles Bicycles V,J,L & T Cars Buses

2,709 1,390 8,753 3,320

34,700

294 249 198 54 149

109 179 23 16 4

131 78 - 5

0.4 Buses 34,700 149 4 0.4 Road Total

8,451

944

112

19.8

Railway

1,734

02

1

Total

10,185

946

93

Reasons for Increase in Injury Reasons for Increase in Injury due to Increase in Incomesdue to Increase in Incomes

�� Higher MobilityHigher Mobility

Move from Safe to less Safe modes of Move from Safe to less Safe modes of �� Move from Safe to less Safe modes of Move from Safe to less Safe modes of traveltravel

�� Desire for SpeedDesire for Speed

Identification of Causes for Identification of Causes for AccidentsAccidents


2626thth March 2004March 2004

Steps in identifying the causes for accidentsSteps in identifying the causes for accidents

�� Where does it happen?Where does it happen?

�� Are accidents more in some geographical Are accidents more in some geographical �� Are accidents more in some geographical Are accidents more in some geographical areas?areas?

No. and Percentage of Accidents by Class and Province (2002)

Class of Accident

TotalFatal Grievous Non-Grievous Damaged Only

Western Province796 1,288 5,488 25,106 32,678

39% 39% 43% 68% 60%

Eastern Province102 189 674 748 1,713

5% 6% 5% 2% 3%

Northern Province58 119 387 414 978

3% 4% 3% 1% 2%

Southern Province239 351 1,370 1,562 3,522

12% 11% 11% 4% 6%12% 11% 11% 4% 6%

Central Province149 258 1,361 2,965 4,733

7% 8% 11% 8% 9%

North Central Province45 66 231 631 973

2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

North Western Province424 578 1,595 2,502 5,099

21% 18% 13% 7% 9%

Sabaragamuwa Province172 322 1,116 2,131 3,741

8% 10% 9% 6% 7%

Uva Province53 115 503 803 1,474

3% 3% 4% 2% 3%

Total (100%) 2,038 3,286 12,725 36,862 54,911

Fatality Rate by Province (2001)

Province

Fatality Rate

per 10^6 Vehicle

KmsRank

Per 10^5 Population

RankComposite

Rank

Central 0.22 6 7.41 5 4

North Central 0.15 7 3.80 7 5North Central 0.15 7 3.80 7 5

North Western 0.38 1 19.14 1 1

Sabaragamuwa 0.27 4 11.97 3 3

Southern 0.32 2 10.23 4 2

Uva 0.30 3 5.89 6 5

Western 0.22 5 17.01 2 3

27.73 12.32

[1] Statistical Analysis of Road Accidents in Sri Lanka for 2001, M.D.R.P. Jayaratne 2003[2] Exclude North & East Province

Distribution of Fatal Accidents in the Western Province by Time & Road Type (2001)

Time Range (Hrs.) Road Class 1-4 4-7 7-10 10-13 13-16 16-19 19-21 21-24 Total

A1 6 10 7 10 11 20 13 13 90

A2 4 14 6 11 15 16 16 15 97

A3 4 12 19 16 17 15 30 13 126

A4 2 4 4 2 7 7 7 1 34 Other A Roads 2 8 5 5 9 14 7 50 Roads 2 8 5 5 9 14 7 50

B 1 7 19 15 12 16 9 12 91

C 1 1 1 5 3 2 2 15

M 1 1 2 2 1 1 8 Uncoded

roads 13 23 45 42 28 74 59 29 313

30 73 110 103 102 162 151 93 824

9.06%

9.19%

9.51%

12.86%

WP

EP

SP

NWP

Severity Index by Province (2002)

4.46%

6.05%

7.26%

8.18%

8.94%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%

Uva

CP

NP

SAB

NCP

Severity Index (%)


�� When does it happen?When does it happen?

�� Are accidents more likely to happen in certain Are accidents more likely to happen in certain �� Are accidents more likely to happen in certain Are accidents more likely to happen in certain hours?hours?

Accidnets with Time of Day (2002)

1 2 3 4 5 67

8

9

10

11

121314

15

16

17

18

19

2021

22 23 24> 3,300

2500 - 3300

< 2500

All Accidents

2423

22

21

20

19

18

17

1615

1 2 3 4

56

7

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

> 110

90 - 110

< 90

No. of Fatal

Accidents


�� What vehicles get involved?What vehicles get involved?

�� Are some vehicles more likely to be involved Are some vehicles more likely to be involved �� Are some vehicles more likely to be involved Are some vehicles more likely to be involved in an accident?in an accident?

No. of Vehicles involved in Accidents (2002)

Vehicle TypeFatal Injury Damage Only Total

# Rank # Rank # Rank # Rank

Motor Cycle 600 1 6,104 1 2,815 6 9,519 5

Bus 498 2 3,103 3 9,475 4 13,076 3

Light Vehicle 485 3 4,003 2 18,968 1 23,456 1

Lorry 454 4 2,723 6 10,087 3 13,264 4

Bicycle 364 5 2,798 5 353 8 3,515 7

3 Wheeler 189 6 2,970 4 4,201 5 7,360 6

Car 176 7 2,002 7 17,349 2 19,527 2

Other Vehicles 116 8 342 9 1,654 7 2,112 8

Land Vehicle 85 9 346 8 350 9 781 9

2,967 24,391 65,252 92,610

126

87

67

65

47

15

3 Wheeler

Bicycle

Land Vehicle

SLCTB Bus

Other Vehicles

Forces Vehicle

Ac

cid

en

ts

No. of Vehicles involved in Fatal Accidents (For Faulty Drivers) (2002?)

403

372

371

349

139

126

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Light Vehicle

Lorry

Motor Cycle

Private Bus

Car

3 Wheeler

Ac

cid

en

ts

No of Vehicles involved in Fatal Accidents for Faulty Drivers

Faulty Rate for Fatal Accidents by Vehicle Type

Vehicle Type

2002 2001

No of Vehicles involved in Fatal

Accidents Faulty Rate for

Fatal Accidents

No of Vehicles involved in

Fatal Accidents Faulty Rate for

Fatal AccidentsTotal

Faulty Drivers/

Rider Total

Faulty Drivers/

Rider

Bicycle 364 87 24% 357 78 22%

Motor Cycle 600 371 62% 571 362 63%Motor Cycle 600 371 62% 571 362 63%

3 Wheeler 189 126 67% 159 106 67%

Car 176 139 79% 150 128 85%

Light Vehicle 485 403 83% 472 400 85%

Land Vehicle 85 67 79% 59 44 75%

Forces Vehicle 19 15 79% 26 24 92%

Private Bus 415 349 84% 410 338 82%

SLCTB Bus 83 65 78% 91 65 71%

Lorry 454 372 82% 482 391 81%

Other Vehicles 97 47 48% 113 70 62%

2,967 2,041 69% 2,891 2,006 69%

8

10

12

14

16

18

20p

er

00

0' v

eh

icle

s

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

pe

r m

n v

eh

km

s

Fatality Rate per ‘000 Vehicles

Fatality Rate per mn veh kms

0

2

4

6

Private

Bus

Lorry SLCTB &

Other

Light

Vehicle

Land

Vehicle

Motor

Cycle

Car 3 Wheeler

pe

r 0

00

' v

eh

icle

s

0

0.1

0.2

pe

r m

n v

eh

km

s

Figure 13 : Fatality Rate by Faulty Drivers by Vehicle Type (2001)


�� What type of accidents are there?What type of accidents are there?

�� Are some types of accidents more likely than Are some types of accidents more likely than �� Are some types of accidents more likely than Are some types of accidents more likely than others?others?

Accidents by no. of vehicles involved (2002)

Class of Accident

TotalFatal GrievousNon-

GrievousDamaged

Only

Single Vehicle Accidents1,180 1,527 6,459 9,784 18,950

Single Vehicle Accidents

58% 47% 51% 27% 35%

Two - Vehicle Accidents794 1,666 6,036 25,869 34,365

39% 51% 47% 70% 63%

Multi - Vehicle Accidents64 93 230 1,209 1,596

3% 3% 2% 3% 3%

2,308 3,286 12,725 36,862 54,911

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

No

. o

f S

ing

le V

eh

icle

Fata

l A

cc

ide

nts

Co

llid

e w

ith

Ped

es

tria

ns

Fatal

Injured

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

Forces

Vehicle

Land

Vehicle

SLCTB

Bus

Bicycle 3 Wheeler Other

Vehicles

Car Motor

Cycle

Lorry Private

Bus

No

. o

f S

ing

le V

eh

icle

Fata

l A

cc

ide

nts

Co

llid

e w

ith

Ped

es

tria

ns

Figure 1: Fatal Accidents Involving a Single Vehicle by Vehicle Type (Object of Collision:

Pedestrian)

20

30

40

50

60

70

Bicyc

leM

otor

Cyc

le3

Whe

eler

Car

Ligh

t Veh

icle

Privat

e Bus

SLCTB

Bus

Lorry

Land

Veh

icle

Forc

es V

ehic

leO

ther

Veh

icles

3 Wheelers

Large Vehicles

Motor Cycle

Four Wheelers

Cyclist

0

10

20

Figure 1 : No. of Two Vehicle Fatal Accidents (for Faulty Drivers) by object of collision


�� Are there Hit & Run Vehicles?Are there Hit & Run Vehicles?

�� Are some vehicles more likely to be involved Are some vehicles more likely to be involved �� Are some vehicles more likely to be involved Are some vehicles more likely to be involved in a hit and run accident?in a hit and run accident?

Non-Grievous

13%

Grievous

3%

Fatal

1%

Damaged Only

83%

Non-Grievous

47%

Grievous

9%

Fatal

9%Damaged Only

35%

Figure 1 : Breakdown of Hit and Run Accidents involving a single vehicle

Figure 1 : Breakdown of Hit and Run Accidents Involving Two Vehicles

Type Vehicles in 2 Vehicle Hit & Run Fatal Accidents by Object of Collision

Object of Collision

Faulty Vehicle Cyclist

Motor Cycle

3 Wheelers

Four Wheelers

Large Vehicles

Pedestrian involved accidents

Total ‘Run’ Instances

Bicycle 2 2

Motor Cycle 4 1 2 6 13

3 Wheeler 1 2 1 4

Car 1 2 3

Light Vehicle 4 3 1 1 2 11

SLCTB Bus 1 1

Lorry 4 1 2 1 8

Other Vehicles or unknown 7 1 8

Total Instances ‘Hit” 20 4 3 3 13 7 50


�� Who is at fault in accidents?Who is at fault in accidents?

�� Are some road users more likely to be at fault Are some road users more likely to be at fault �� Are some road users more likely to be at fault Are some road users more likely to be at fault in an accident?in an accident?

3%

6%

26%

54%

65%

5%

22%

24%

53%

69%

Passenger (Other)

Passenger - Pvt Bus

Cyclist

Rider

Driver

Faulty Rate (Fatalities)

6%

6%

4%

5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Passenger - SLTC Bus

Pedestrian

Faulty Rate

Faulty Rate (Fatalities)

Faulty Rate (All Casulaties)

Figure 1 : Faulty Rate of Casualties

Faulty Rate for Casualties

All Casualties Fatalities Casualty Type

Total Casualty @ Fault

Faulty Rate

Total Casualty @ Fault

Faulty Rate

Pedestrian 7,232 462 6% 815 43 5%

Rider 4,095 2,223 54% 339 180 53%

Driver 3,280 2,122 65% 216 148 69%

Passenger - SLTC Bus 486 27 6% 26 1 4% Passenger - SLTC Bus 486 27 6% 26 1 4%

Passenger - Pvt Bus 1,169 74 6% 51 11 22%

Passenger (Other) 5,119 134 3% 388 20 5%

Cyclist 2,922 761 26% 340 83 24%

24,303 5,803 24% 2,175 486 22%


�� What vehicle maneuvers are more likely to What vehicle maneuvers are more likely to result in an accident?result in an accident?

�� Are some vehicle maneuvers more likely to Are some vehicle maneuvers more likely to result in an accident?result in an accident?

Matrix of Two Vehicle Fatal Accidents by Maneuvers of Vehicles at Time of Accident

Sta

tio

na

ry

Sta

rtin

g

Tu

rnin

g R

igh

t

Tu

rnin

g L

eft

Ove

rta

kin

g -

in

sid

e

Em

erg

ing

fro

m M

ino

r ro

ad

Em

erg

ing

fro

m a

ng

le

pa

rkin

g

Tu

rnin

g r

oun

d

Re

ve

rsin

g

Go

ing

str

aig

ht

ah

ea

d

Oth

er

Total

Stationary 2 15 17

Starting 4 1 1 4 10

Turning Right 2 2 16 3 23

Turning Left 9 9

Overtaking 2 4 2 1 55 4 68 Emerging from Minor 6 6

Turning round 5 5

Reversing 3 3

Going straight ahead 28 2 54 11 23 13 2 4 2 464 27 630

Other 1 1 1 11 9 16

Speed Related accidents make up 37Speed Related accidents make up 37%%

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

CarLorry

M.Cy.Pvt.

BusCTB

Bus3-

Wheel

er

Light

VehLand

VehBicycle

Total

Wrong Side

Fail to Signal

High Speed

Avoid Accident

Collide with street Furniture

Skidded

Lost Control

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0


�� What type of drivers get involved?What type of drivers get involved?

�� Are drivers with more experience less likely to Are drivers with more experience less likely to �� Are drivers with more experience less likely to Are drivers with more experience less likely to be involved in an accident?be involved in an accident?

Not known

5%> 12 yrs

25%

9 - 12 yrs

0 - 3 yrs

26%

DL not required

5%

No DL

10%

9 - 12 yrs

7%

6 - 9 yrs

10%

3 - 6 yrs

12%

Figure 1 : Experience of Drivers Involved in road accidents (All

Accidents)

Not known

5%> 12 yrs

16%

9 - 12 yrs

4%

DL not required15%

No DL

22%

6 - 9 yrs

7%3 - 6 yrs

8%

0 - 3 yrs

23%

Figure 1: Experience of Drivers Involved in Fatal Road Accidents

Pax - SLTC Bus

1%

Pax - Pvt Bus

2%

Driver

10%

Rider

16%

Pedestrian

37%

Cyclist

16%Passenger

18%

Figure 1 : No. of Accident Fatalities by Activity at time of accident


�� What actions of pedestrians are most What actions of pedestrians are most risky?risky?

�� Are some pedestrian activities more likely to Are some pedestrian activities more likely to result in an accident?result in an accident?

Table 1 : Pedestrian Activity by Degree of Injury

Injury Type

Pedestrian Activity Fatal Grievous Non-

Grievous Total Walking on shoulder or sidewalk 317 403 1,742 2,462

Walking on road carriageway 19 31 214 264 Crossings road not on a Pedestrian crossing 409 578 2,659 3,646

Crossing road on Pedestrian crossing 15 28 88 131 crossing 15 28 88 131

Playing on road 1 9 10

Pedestrian after drinks/drugs 1 2 3 6

Any other action 54 131 556 714

Total 815 1,147 5,271 7,233


�� What driver related problems are the most What driver related problems are the most serious?serious?

�� What is the impact of drinkWhat is the impact of drink--driving on driving on accidents?accidents?

Accid e n t

Typ eIn to xica te d Fatigu e d

Oth e r

D e fe ctsTo ta l

Fa t a l 9 .3 % 1 2 .3 % 3 .4 % 2 5 .0 %

ACCIDENT SEVERITY AND DRIVER ACCIDENT SEVERITY AND DRIVER ACCIDENT SEVERITY AND DRIVER ACCIDENT SEVERITY AND DRIVER ACCIDENT SEVERITY AND DRIVER ACCIDENT SEVERITY AND DRIVER ACCIDENT SEVERITY AND DRIVER ACCIDENT SEVERITY AND DRIVER CONDITIONCONDITIONCONDITIONCONDITIONCONDITIONCONDITIONCONDITIONCONDITION

G r ie v o u s 5 .4 % 2 .8 % 3 .8 % 1 2 .0 %

N o n -

G r ie v o u s1 .7 % 0 .5 % 2 .4 % 4 .6 %

N o In ju r y 1 .2 % 0 .1 % 2 .5 % 3 .8 %

Think Safety!Think Safety!

Cost Benefit Analysis of Road Cost Benefit Analysis of Road Safety ImprovementsSafety Improvements


2727thth March 20045March 20045

Accident CostsAccident Costs

�� Direct Tangible costsDirect Tangible costs

��Damage to propertyDamage to property

��Medical costsMedical costs

��Administrative costsAdministrative costs

Costs of delays to other road usersCosts of delays to other road users��Costs of delays to other road usersCosts of delays to other road users

�� Intangible costs Intangible costs

�� Private Costs relating to injury or deathPrivate Costs relating to injury or death

Methods for Valuing Accident Methods for Valuing Accident ImpactsImpacts

�� Loss of OutputLoss of Output

�� Willingness to PayWillingness to Pay�� Willingness to PayWillingness to Pay

Fatal Grievous Non-

Griev’us

Damage

Only

Property Damage 51,846 51,846 51,846 51,846

Medical Costs 19,180 15,929 15,105 -

Police Costs 4,704 2,455 200 200

Insurance Costs 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400

Congestion Costs 16,000 8,000 2,000 2,000

Output Loss 1,179,197 58,959 11,792 -

Pain & Grief 235,839 11,792 2,358 -

Total 1,509,166 151,381 85,701 56,446

1998 Accident Cost per Vehicle / pax km (@ 1998 values)1998 Accident Cost per Vehicle / pax km (@ 1998 values)

Cost of Accidents in Sri Lanka Cost of Accidents in Sri Lanka --19981998

Type of AccidentType of Accident

FatalFatal GrievousGrievous NonNon--GrievousGrievous

Damage Damage OnlyOnly

TotalTotal

Annual Accident Annual Accident 28992899 431431 995995 1,9131,913 6,2386,238Annual Accident Annual Accident Cost (Rs mn)Cost (Rs mn)

28992899 431431 995995 1,9131,913 6,2386,238

Accident Cost Accident Cost (Rs./veh.km)(Rs./veh.km)

0.1840.184 0.0270.027 0.0630.063 0.1220.122 0.3960.396

Accident Cost Accident Cost (Rs./psg km)(Rs./psg km)

0.0390.039 0.0050.005 0.0130.013 0.0260.026 0.0830.083

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