Accessing Assistive Technology › sites › default › files › conference...b. One access method...
Transcript of Accessing Assistive Technology › sites › default › files › conference...b. One access method...
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Accessing Assistive Technology
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Learning Outcomes
• Identify the major principles and goals for access to assistive technology
• Identify the steps in assessing clients for access to assistive technology
• Identify features of access technologies
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Characteristics of Technologies Available to Meet Client Needs• Human/technology interface
• Processor
• Output
• Packaging
Processor OutputHuman/technology
interface
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Human/Technology Interface
• Input device or control interface
• Selection (or symbol) set
• Presentation layout/arrangement
• Selection method
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Control Interface Classifications
• Discrete Input
• Single switches
• Switch arrays
• Keyboards
• Speech
• Continuous Input
• Joysticks
• Mouse emulators
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Switches
Momentary
Latching
Timed
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Switches“Pole” = # of Conductors
“Throw” = # of Positions
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Switches
Single Pole, Single Throw (SPST)
ON-OFF
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Single switches
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Switch arrays
Electronic Head Array
Proximity Switch
Array
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Keyboards
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Keyboards
TYPEWRITER
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Keyboards
BAT Keyboard
BigKeys Keyboard
Half-Qwerty Keyboard
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Joysticks
• Proportional
• Non-proportional or digital
• Via programming
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Mouse emulators
• Stand alone mouse emulators
• Using new power wheelchair electronics for mouse emulation
• Using a speech generating device for mouse emulation
ASL mouse emulator
Qlogic display
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Control Interface Features• Number of targets
• Individual target size
• Overall dimension of selection surface incorporating all targets
• Spacing between targets
• Activation method
• Feedback
• Durability
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Activation methods
◼ Movement
◼ Force
◼ Sip & puff
◼ Speech recognition/ sound
◼ EMG
◼ Eye gaze
◼ Sensors
◼ Brain Interface
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Movement Activation
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Force Activation
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Sip & Puff Activation
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Speech Activation
Voice Recognition
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EMG Activation
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Eye Gaze Activation
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Sensor Activation
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Thought Activation
Brain Interface
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Symbol Set
• Pictures
• Letters or words
• Tactile markers
• Auditory cues
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Presentation Layouts
• Frequency of use
• Alphabetical
• Sequential
• Spatial
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Selection Methods
• Direct selection
• Scanning
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Direct Selection
• Keyboarding
• Speech recognition
• Coded
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Direct Selection
Coded
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Indirect Selection
Scanning
• Item-by-item
• Group-item or row-column
• Halving or quartering
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Scanning
Presentation formats
• Linear
• Circular
• Group
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Row Column Scan
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Row Column Scan
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Row-Column Scanning Demonstration
To select the location marked by “X”, the individual activates a single switch. The rows are
highlighted in sequence from top to bottom. When the row containing the “X” is
highlighted, the individual activates the switch again. The locations in the selected row are
highlighted in sequence from left to right. When the “X” location is highlighted, the
individual activates the switch to select that location.
X
Click the left mouse button to start the demonstration.
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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X
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Group Row Column Scan
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Scanning
Selection techniques
• Auto
• Inverse
• Step
• Directed
• Auto-entry (dwell) vs. manual
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Customizing the scanning method
• Scan rate
• Acceptance delay
• Repeat delay
• Time/dwell
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Principles for access• Positioning of consumer and
equipment is crucial
• All positions must be considered
• Ergonomic andbio-mechanicalprinciples shouldbe considered
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Goals of access
• Acceptable to the consumer
• Provides AT access which is
• consistent, reliable, reproducible
• not easily subject to error
• minimizes abnormal tone
• avoids use of reflexive patterns
• Identify backup and secondary access methods
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Assessment
Screen for controllability
• Sensory
• Cognitive
• Physical
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Screen for controllability
• Sensory
• Visual
• Auditory
• Tactile/Somatosensory
• Cognitive
• Physical
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Screen for controllability
• Sensory
• Cognitive
• Memory
• Sequencing
• Problem-solving
• Physical
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Screen for controllability• Sensory
• Cognitive
• Physical
• Range
• Resolution
• Strength
• Endurance
• Repeatability
• Versatility
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Potential Sites
• Fingers, hand
• Head, forehead, chin,
• Face, mouth, tongue, eye
• Elbow, arm, shoulder
• Foot, knee
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Assessment
Match physical /sensory abilities to control interface features
Range Resolution # Types of input
Large Fine >10 keyboards
Large Gross 5-10 large keyboard, switch array
Small Fine >10 small keyboards, joystick, mouse
Small Gross 1-2 switches
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Assessment
Optimize use of control interface
• Stabilize
• Extend
• Training/practice
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Mounting
• Safety
• Consistent placement
• Removable as needed
• Easy to setup for caregivers
• Avoid interference with other equipment
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AssessmentComparative Testing
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Reliability
• Endurance/fatigue
• Comfort
• Ease of operation
• Independent use
• Space restrictions - minimally obtrusive
• User acceptance
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Integrated vs Distributed Controls
• Distributed
• Each access method controls one assistive technology device
• Integrated
• One access method can be used to control more than one AT device
• Typically done through power wheelchair electronics
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Universal Control
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Review Questions (feel free to discuss with your neighbors)
1. Integrated controls are defined as:a. Two switch scanningb. One access method is used to control more than one assistive technology device.c. Multiple access methods are used to control a single assistive technology device. d. Multiple access methods are used, and each controls a single device.
2. Once a user is optimally positioned, what is the first step of the access assessment process?
a. identify an input deviceb. match physical ability to control interface featuresc. screen for controllabilityd. measure reaction time
3. What is the typical control interface for row-column scanning?a. Switchb. Keyboardc. Autod. Voice
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Review Questions (Here are the answers. How did you do?)
1. Integrated controls are defined as:a. Two switch scanningb. One access method is used to control more than one assistive technology device.c. Multiple access methods are used to control a single assistive technology device. d. Multiple access methods are used, and each controls a single device.
2. Once a user is optimally positioned, what is the first step of the access assessment process?
a. identify an input deviceb. match physical ability to control interface featuresc. screen for controllabilityd. measure reaction time
3. What is the typical control interface for row-column scanning?a. Switchb. Keyboardc. Autod. Voice
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Questions ?