Accessibility zWeb should be usable by everyone This includes users with: zVision impairments...

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Accessibility Web should be usable by everyone This includes users with: Vision impairments Hearing impairments Mobility impairments

Transcript of Accessibility zWeb should be usable by everyone This includes users with: zVision impairments...

Page 1: Accessibility zWeb should be usable by everyone This includes users with: zVision impairments zHearing impairments zMobility impairments.

Accessibility

Web should be usable by everyone

This includes users with:Vision impairmentsHearing impairmentsMobility impairments

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Statistics

8 million people with visual impairments

20 million deaf or hard-of hearing250,000 with spinal cord injuries500,000 with cerebral palsy330,000 with MSMore that half US population over 65

has some type of impairment

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Issues involving Vision

Web very visually oriented Significant challengesSeverity ranges from total blindness

to low visionColor blindness Visual Stimuli

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Information Delivery

Information display on traditional monitor not available to users with visual impairments

Two assistive technologies:Screen ReadersRefreshable Braille displays

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Screen readers

Reads text component of web screenIncludes:LinksMenusDialog BoxesError Messages

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Screen Readers

Several vendors offer screen readersPrices range from $300 to $1000Page must be reformatted to support

screen readersHTML “lang” attribute controls

language page will be read in

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Refreshable Braille Display

For people who are deaf as well as blind screen readers do not work.

Translates text of page into BrailleSingle line of Braille textPrices range from $4500 to $14,500

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Grade II Braille

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Refreshable Braille Display

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Reformatting Text

For screen readers to work text of page must be formatted to support linear delivery

Tabular dataLabel for ElementsSkip navigationAlt Tags for images

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Tabular Data

Course Time Day Prerequisite Instructor

211 11:30 pm -1:00 pm MW None McDonald

211 10:30am - 12:00 pm TR None Luecking

212 5:45 pm - 9:00 pm M 211 Carter

212 11:30 pm - 1:00pm TR 211 Chan

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Markup Strategy for Tables<table border="1"> <thead> <tr>

<th id="c1"> Course </th><th id="c2"> Time </th><th id="c3"> Day </th><th id="c4"> Prerequisiste </th><th id="c5"> Instructor </th>

<tr></thead><tbody><tr>

<td headers="c1">211</td><td headers="c2"> 11:30 pm -1:00 pm</td><td headers="c3">MW</td><td headers="c4">None</td><td headers="c5">McDonald</td>

</tr><tr>

<td headers="c1">211</td><td headers="c2"> 10:30am - 12:00 pm</td><td headers="c3">TR</td><td headers="c4">None</td><td headers="c5">Luecking</td>

</tr>

<tr> <td headers="c1">212</td> <td headers="c2">5:45 pm &nbsp;- 9:00 pm</td> <td headers="c3">M</td> <td headers="c4">211</td> <td headers="c5">Carter</td></tr>

<tr> <td headers="c1">212</td> <td headers="c2">11:30 pm &nbsp;- 1:00pm</td> <td headers="c3">TR</td> <td headers="c4">211</td> <td headers="c5">Chan</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Label Elements of Forms

<form action="Billing Info" method="post"><fieldset> <legend class-"TitleLarge"><b>Billing Information</b></legend><p><label for="firstname">First name (required):</label><input id="firstname" type="text" tabindex="1"></p><p><label for="lastname">Last name(required): </label><input id="lastname" type="text" tabindex="2"></p></fieldset>

</form>

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Skip Navigation

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Normal Page

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Alt Tags(None)

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Alt Tags (Descriptive)

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Other Vision Issues

Screen MagnifiersColor Blindness:

8% male population 0.5% Female population Most common red/green

Photo Sensitive Epilepsy

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Color Blindness

This is an Ishihara plate commonly used to check for red/green color blindness

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Color Blindness

This is what a red/green color-blind person might see. Note that the digit (3) is practically invisible.

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Mobility Impairments

Conditions with affect use of keyboard and mouse

Might be difficult, Might be impossible

Predictive typingSpeech recognitionAlternative input technology

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Hearing Impairments

Few more issues:Captioned mediaOpen or Closed captioningAmerican Sign Language

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Web Accessibility Initiative

Promote usability for people with disabilities

Goal of Universal AccessSet of guidelines which address 2

themes: Graceful Translation Make content understandable and

navigable

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Web Accessibility Initiative Guidelines

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Globalization

Web is growing all over worldNumber of Non English speaking

users rapidly increasingUsability issues involve use of

language and cultureThis processes is called globalization

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Global User Population

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Internationalization

Internationalization single design used world wide

Simpler textUnambiguous display of number,

currency, dates, and timesIsolate and remove culturally specific

language

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Localization

Added cultural contextTranslation of web page into local

languageRelevant content

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Text and Translation

Translation: human or automatic?Attention to writing styleExpression of dates, timesExpress currency in local termsLabel units of measurements

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Languages Can Expand Labels

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Page Layout

Unicode for character supportColor issuesIcon issues (including flags)Text Alignment (left vs. right)

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International User Testing

International and local sites need user testing

More involved than traditionalTest success of translationInternational Inspection as

alternativeDifficulties dues to language gap

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Personalization

Strategy for gaining competitive advantage

Added service for a userSpeeds task completion (I-Click)Can require loginCookiesDynamic

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Privacy Concerns

No right to privacy in USPrivacy ContractsRequest of personal information can

cause users to leave siteHighly related to trust

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Trust

Many factors affect trust:ContextPerceived SimilarityStanding in organizationBehaviorCertificationReferences

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Fostering Trust

Help establish credibilitySecurity StatementSafe display of personal informationUse of secure serversConfirmation of all costsConfirmation of shipping address

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Controlling Privacy

No standard for enforcing privacy in place

P3P standard developedEnforces and exposes site’s privacy

policyTools to inform users of compliance

with their selected privacy policy

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Trust (P3P)

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Trust (P3P)

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Privacy Bird

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Privacy Bird

Shows Embedded Content

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Privacy Bird