Access for Individuals who are visually impaired or blind Janet M. Barlow Accessible Design for the...
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![Page 1: Access for Individuals who are visually impaired or blind Janet M. Barlow Accessible Design for the Blind 2015 Walking Summit October 29, 2015.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c0231a28abf838cd4015/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Access for Individuals who are visually impaired or blind
Janet M. BarlowAccessible Design for the Blind
2015 Walking SummitOctober 29, 2015
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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What do we mean by visually impaired or blind?
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Intersection as seen by someone with “normal” vision
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Central vision loss
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Peripheral Vision Loss
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Overall acuity loss
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Totally blind
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Pedestrians with low vision (many of our growing elderly population)
May have difficulty with depth perception
Problems in judging location of vehicles Problems in judging approach speed of vehicles
May have reduced contrast sensitivityDifficulty reading signs and signals
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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How do pedestrians who are blind or visually impaired get around?
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Yes! people who are blind do travel independently to new places
Travel to unfamiliar destinations for shopping, errands, visiting friends, children’s activities, work, or other purposes, just like those who are fully sightedMay have to figure out intersections and intersection crossings when they arrive at themMay be unaware of changes and may make dangerous decisions when familiar intersections have been changed
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Techniques and aids used by individuals who are blind or visually impaired
Sighted (human) guide White caneDog guideTelescope or other low vision aidsNo aid
Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Aids and techniques for obstacle and curb detection
Long white cane - used as a probe of the walking surface, identification
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Aids and techniques for obstacle and curb detection
Dog guideGuides around obstaclesStops at curbs or drop-offs
Low vision aid, such as telescope
Used only for specific tasks, ie reading sign
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
Orientation and alignment cues
Slight slopes and changes in surface texturesSpecific textures that are detectableSidewalk and/or grass line or building lineTraffic – both parallel to travel path and perpendicular to travel pathAccessible pedestrian signalsOther pedestrians, sun, other cuesAwareness of intersecting streets and general layout of area
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Street crossing tasks
Locate edge of the streetDetermine where to begin crossing (locate crosswalk)Establish crossing direction and alignmentDetermine traffic control and use pushbutton, if necessary Decide when to begin crossingMaintain alignment during crossing
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Traditional street crossing strategies
Walk up to cornerMaintain travel directionListen through a signal cycleCross with the surge of traffic traveling parallel to crosswalkMaintain direction by listening to vehicles and other cues
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Designs that make travel safer
Additional care is needed make streets and sidewalks accessible to individuals who are visually impaired
Sidewalk design featuresStreet crossings and access to information about signals
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Sidewalks
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Would this sidewalk design be a problem for someone who’s visually impaired?
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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How about this sidewalk for someone who’s blind?
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Clear straight sidewalk path with grouping of furniture
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Avoid obstacles (protruding objects) that cannot be detected by cane
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Tree maintenance needs attention
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Barrier where crossing is closed
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Street crossings
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Blended transitions – can’t tell where the plaza ends and the street begins
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Add detectable warnings (truncated domes) to indicate location of street
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NOT detectable warnings
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Detectable warning = truncated domes
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Crosswalk offset from corner can be problematic
30Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015,
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Provide guidance to crosswalk
Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Crosswalk in line with sidewalk
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Alignment of curb ramp and gutter affects crossing alignment of blind pedestrians
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Potential treatments – wayfinding
Design of sidewalkTactile features or fencesSound cues from audible signals
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Signal features intended to help pedestrians may not be usable
without accessible pedestrian signals
LPIExclusive pedestrian phases, including at midblock crossingsProtected left turnsPedestrian pushbuttons
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Traffic cues may not be available or usable where there are:
Low volumes of traffic parallel to crosswalk
Crossing major streetT intersections (crossing top of T)
Exclusive pedestrian phasesLeading pedestrian intervalsHeavy turning traffic volumesMasking sounds
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Pedestrian Pushbuttons
Is there a pushbutton?Where is it?Have I found the pushbutton for the street I’m crossing?
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Access may be provided by Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS)
Features of new APSSpeakers at the pushbuttonPushbutton Locator toneAudible and Vibrotactile Walk indicationsTactile arrowAutomatic volume adjustment
Specific location of devices
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Pushbutton-integrated APS
Pushbutton locator tone during FDW and DWRapid tick WALK indication
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Click icon to add clip art
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Pushbutton-integrated APS
Pushbutton locator tone during FDW and DWSpeech WALK indication
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APS Location is critical
Provide information to the user through proximity to the departure pointSignal can be quieter due to proximity
Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, SlideSlide 41
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Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Installation recommendations
Crosswalk B
Crosswalk A Pushbutton pole may be a stub pole, or may also support pedhead
aps-int-03.dwg(Not to scale)
Idealplacement
Pole
Pushbutton-integrated APS
Pedhead (not shown for clarity)
Sound from pushbutton speaker
Symbol Key
Beside the landing of the curb rampSeparated by more than 10 feet from other APS on cornerNearest the crosswalk line furthest from the center of the intersection
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Installation example - APS aligned with crosswalk lines
Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, SlideSlide 43
Reachable from level landing, within 10 ft of curb, within 5 feet of crosswalk lines
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Modifications that make programs and facilities accessible to
pedestrians who are blind or who have low vision are helpful to ALL
pedestrians
Accessible Design for the Blind, 10/29/2015, Slide
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Questions??
For more information, contact:
Janet M. Barlow Accessible Design for the Blind