Access and Benefit-Sharing of Animal Genetic Resources...
Transcript of Access and Benefit-Sharing of Animal Genetic Resources...
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Access and Benefit-Sharing of AnimalGenetic Resources:
About the need to think out of the box
Ilse Köhler-RollefsonLeague for Pastoral Peoples and
Endogenous Livestock Development (LPP)
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„Two types of breeds/AnGR“High output of one-product, highinputs, artificial environment,calculated diet
Multi-functional, severalproducts, cope with challengingenvironment and variability
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• For adapting to climate change , for a greeneconomy, and for reducing the climate impactof agriculture, humanity will require the multi-functional breeds and their adaptive traits!
• Many of them have been developed bypastoralists, others – especially poultry andpig breeds – are the product of indigenousand smallholder communities
• For adapting to climate change , for a greeneconomy, and for reducing the climate impactof agriculture, humanity will require the multi-functional breeds and their adaptive traits!
• Many of them have been developed bypastoralists, others – especially poultry andpig breeds – are the product of indigenousand smallholder communities
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Pastoralist herds:
Mobile banks of fitness genes –physiological adaptations to extremeweather and unconventional feed stuffs
Mobile banks of fitness genes –physiological adaptations to extremeweather and unconventional feed stuffs
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Biological diversity: In Rajasthan camels and goats convert 36different fodder species into milk, meat, manure and fibre
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Making use of waste and fertilizing atthe same time
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BUT: More than assemblages of fitnessgenes!
Knowledge of herder Knowledge of animals
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Feeding behaviour is learned, passed on from oneanimal generation to the next (Kraetli, 2008)
Animals can not easily be transferred from one eco-system to the other
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Survival under extreme conditions
• Not just a matter of physiological traits andinstinct, but also of LEARNED BEHAVIOUR!
• Pastoralist herds are LIVING HERITAGEresources that can not be conserved out ofcontext and in gene-banks, but ONLY in-situ.
• Not just a matter of physiological traits andinstinct, but also of LEARNED BEHAVIOUR!
• Pastoralist herds are LIVING HERITAGEresources that can not be conserved out ofcontext and in gene-banks, but ONLY in-situ.
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Implications for Access and Benefit-Sharing
To get the BENEFITS of pastoralist domesticanimal diversity and the knowledge thatsustains it, these populations need to bemanaged sustainably in their respectiveecological and social contexts. Only then willhumanity have ACCESS to them in the future.
To get the BENEFITS of pastoralist domesticanimal diversity and the knowledge thatsustains it, these populations need to bemanaged sustainably in their respectiveecological and social contexts. Only then willhumanity have ACCESS to them in the future.
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What is ACCESS with respect to AnGR?
• Access to AnGR is not just about contractsbetween specific providers and commercialusers (MTAs)
• Access is about ensuring survival of a pool ofgenes long into the future.
• Otherwise we will lose opportunities foradapting to climate change, as well as for foodproduction in harsh environments and withminimal inputs!
• Access to AnGR is not just about contractsbetween specific providers and commercialusers (MTAs)
• Access is about ensuring survival of a pool ofgenes long into the future.
• Otherwise we will lose opportunities foradapting to climate change, as well as for foodproduction in harsh environments and withminimal inputs!
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Nagoya Protocol requires governments tosupport Community Protocols
Biocultural Community Protocolsdocument the role of acommunity in conserving animalgenetic resources and eco-systems, contribute to visibilityand awareness.
They are both a document and aprocess.
Biocultural Community Protocolsdocument the role of acommunity in conserving animalgenetic resources and eco-systems, contribute to visibilityand awareness.
They are both a document and aprocess.
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This is an opportunity!
for countries to better understand:
• their animal genetic resources,
• the social contexts in which they exist,
• the threats that they are exposed to,
• thereby laying the foundation for their long-term
participatory conservation.
for countries to better understand:
• their animal genetic resources,
• the social contexts in which they exist,
• the threats that they are exposed to,
• thereby laying the foundation for their long-term
participatory conservation.
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Community Breeds Country Status
Raika camel, Nari cattle, Boti sheep, Sirohi goat India finalized
Banni Maldhari Banni buffalo India finalized
Rebari and Jatt Kutchi and Kharai camels India finalized
Bargur Hill cattle Bargur Hill Cattle India finalized
Attappady goatbreeders
Attapatty goat India finalized
Pullikulum cattlebreeders
Pullikulum cattle India finalizedPullikulum cattlebreeders
Pullikulum cattle India finalized
Pashtoon Various breeds Pakistan finalized
Samburu Red Maasai sheep Kenya finalized
Golla Ganjam goat India In prep
Kuruba Kuruba shepherding system, incl. Deccanibreed
India In prep
Kangayam cattlebreeders
Kangayam cattle India In prep
Malgaddi Brela camel Pakistan In prep
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Example: Brela camel from Pakistan
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Camel population developmentglobally and in India
16www.lpps.org,
www.camelsofrajasthan.com. [email protected], #09660083437
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Why?
• Demand for camels as work animals hasreduced – replaced by tractors, trucks andcars.
• It is not allowed to take camels out ofRajasthan – so nobody dares/wants to buy.
• There are no income opportunities fromcamels. In order to save their ownlivelihoods, camel breeders are forced to doaway with their whole herds.
• Demand for camels as work animals hasreduced – replaced by tractors, trucks andcars.
• It is not allowed to take camels out ofRajasthan – so nobody dares/wants to buy.
• There are no income opportunities fromcamels. In order to save their ownlivelihoods, camel breeders are forced to doaway with their whole herds.
www.lpps.org,www.camelsofrajasthan.com. E-mail
[email protected], #0966008343717
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Camels can not be saved without Rajasthan‘sunique Raika camel culture. They are the
guardians of the camel!
www.lpps.org,www.camelsofrajasthan.com. E-mail
[email protected], #0966008343718
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The Raika require economic incentives to continue acting asguardians. If their livelihoods are ensured, then the camel will be
saved and young people enter the profession.
www.lpps.org,www.camelsofrajasthan.com. E-mail
[email protected], #0966008343719
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We need to capitalize on the potential of thecamel to produce a range of eco-friendly,
healthy heritage products to generate incomefor the Raika
We need to capitalize on the potential of thecamel to produce a range of eco-friendly,
healthy heritage products to generate incomefor the Raika
We need to capitalize on the potential of thecamel to produce a range of eco-friendly,
healthy heritage products to generate incomefor the Raika
www.lpps.org,www.camelsofrajasthan.com. E-mail
[email protected], #0966008343720
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A growing global market for camel milk
Premium product for health benefitsUSAustralia IndiaUAE
Retail price per litre
FAO estimates global camel milk market may growto $10 billion annually
Rs 1178Rs 2400Rs 300 Rs 600
21www.lpps.org,
www.camelsofrajasthan.com. [email protected], #09660083437
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Different approaches toagrobiodiversity conservation:
PGR: Svalbard AnGR: A network of communitybased „breed repositories“
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Required Benefits forPastoralists/Livestock keeping
comunities
• Grazing Rights• Value chain development /infrastructure for
local processing• Marketing• Veterinary care• Capacity and Organisation Building
• Grazing Rights• Value chain development /infrastructure for
local processing• Marketing• Veterinary care• Capacity and Organisation Building
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Resulting Benefits for Society at large
• Genetic diversity for adaptation to climatechange
• Healthy heritage products• Provision of ecological services – seed
dispersal, organic fertilizer• Livelihoods, thriving rural areas
• Genetic diversity for adaptation to climatechange
• Healthy heritage products• Provision of ecological services – seed
dispersal, organic fertilizer• Livelihoods, thriving rural areas
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If we invest in such comprehensive approaches, beyondMaterial Transfer Agreements, we will combine:
•Conservation of AnGr with conservation ofecosystems/biodiversity at large
•Conservation of AnGr with climate changeadaptation
•Conservation of AnGr with rural development
If we invest in such comprehensive approaches, beyondMaterial Transfer Agreements, we will combine:
•Conservation of AnGr with conservation ofecosystems/biodiversity at large
•Conservation of AnGr with climate changeadaptation
•Conservation of AnGr with rural development
Local AnGr are a crucial pivot for theimplementation of SDG 2, and manyothers…
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IF….we adopt a wider concept of Access and Benefit-Sharing of animal genetic resources that createsbenefits for the pastoralists and livestock keepersthat have created and steward them!
IF….we adopt a wider concept of Access and Benefit-Sharing of animal genetic resources that createsbenefits for the pastoralists and livestock keepersthat have created and steward them!