Accentuation in English400

Prominence

When we speak we give more emphasis to some parts of an utterance

than others

We can make this happen at syllable level or at sentence level

The four different aspects to consider in prominence are:

Pitch

Quality

Quantity

Stress

Prominence

Pitch

Articulatorily depends mainly on the tensión and consequent rate of vibration

of the vocal folds.

Auditorily, it is that quality of a sound, in terms of which it can be placed on a

scale running from high to low, or acute to grave.

Prominence

Quality

Articulatorily it depends on the shape of the resonators.

Auditorily it is that feature it terms of which two sounds , similarly presented

and having the same loudness, quantity and pitch, are perceived as dissimilar

(ex. /s/ and /∫/

Prominence

Quantity

Auditorily it is that property of a sound that enables us to place it on a scale

going from long to short only by using our ears.

From the perceptual point of view it is refeered to as length

Prominence

Stress

Articulatorily it is caused by greater muscular energy and breath force

Auditorily, it is percieved as loudness and it can be dfined as that property of a sound that enables us to place it on a scale going from loud to soft only by

using our ears. So the speaker feels this features as extra energy and the

listener as extra loudness

Prominence

All these elements described before can play a part in making a syllable

stand out with respect to its neighbours. They do not play an equally

important role, though, nor are all four always present together

Accent

When a syllable is a starter of pitch movement , or has the natural potential to

be one, we shall say that is accented, irrespective of whatever other

elements are present.

When any of the other elements causing prominence are present but the

syllable is incapable of acting as a pitch movement initiator, we shall simply

say that is prominent.

Accent

In general terms then we will have different types or levels of accent and

those are:

Primary Accent

Secondary Accent

Prominent by itseld

Unaccented

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Accentuation of simple words

Alternative actual patterns

Alternative actual patterns

Alternative actual patterns

Accentuation of compounds

Accentuation of compounds

Accentuation of compounds

Accentuation of compounds

Accentuation of compounds

Accentuation of compounds

Accentuation of compounds

Accentuation of compounds

Accentuation of compounds

Accentuation of compounds

Distinctive function of accent

Distinctive function of accent

Distinctive function of accent

Distinctive function of accent

Accentuation in connected speech

Rhythmical Modification

Rhythmical Modification

Rhythmical Modification

Rhythmical Modification

Rhythmical Modification

Rhythmical Modification

Rhythmical Modification

Accentuation Usage

Accentuation Usage

Accentuation Usage

Accentuation Usage

Accentuation Usage

Accentuation Usage

Accentuation Usage

Accentuation in English400