Accents and Dialects of English

Presented by: Mahnoor FatimaMaryam BibiPakiza Mushtaq

Difference between an accent and a dialect:

• An accent deals with pronunciation, how you pronounce the word.

• Dialect on the other hand is when you have a word only people in a certain area of the country use.

• Its not a national word, it’s a local word that may be people from other part of country wont even know what it means.

Received pronunciation:

• Received Pronunciation or RP is the accent of Standard English in the United Kingdom.

• RP is defined in the Concise Oxford English Dictionary as "the standard accent of English as spoken in the south of England“

• Only 3% people speak RP, it enjoys high social prestige in Britain.

Cockney/ Estuary English

• Cockney and Estuary English are spoken in London and south of England. Its local London accent and spreads to other places like kent.

• Estuary is related to river to the language spoken by people living near the river Thames.

Examples of cockney:

• A cockney person may not use a /th/ sound they will produce a /f/ or /v/ sound instead.

• Another aspect of cockney is the glottal stop, instead of /t/ in the middle of a sentence they produce a glottal stop.

• When there is an /l/ sound in a word, cockney speakers produce a /w/ sound instead of it.

• One more aspect is the letter /h/, the cockney speakers tend to miss of the /h/ in the start of a word.

Midlands:

• Area a hundred miles north of London, in the middle of the country.

• In this accent speakers tend to produce the words like bath and path in a very short time like American and Canadian accent.

• Words like cup, mug and up are pronounced as /coop/, /moog/ and /oop/.

American

• American English (AmE) is the form of English used in the United States. It includes all English dialects used within the United States of America.

• General American (GA) is considered to be "standard" or "accent less"

Common Spelling Differences between BrE and AmE

British English American English

Greek Spelling: Our, -se, -re Or, -ce, -er,

Latin-derived Spelling:

-ise/-yse/-ogue -ize; -yze; -og

Doubled Consonants:

-ll

Dropped “e”

Vocabulary

American & British English sometimes have different words for the same things --

British AmericanFlat Apartment

Row Argument

Pram Carriage/coach

Chips Fries

Tin Can

Biscuit Cookie

Lift Elevator

Grammar• Morphology American -- "-ed"• British -- "-t"• i.e. learned/learnt, dreamed/dreamt Tenses British English rarely use “gotten;” instead, “got” • is much more common. Past participles often vary:• i.e. saw – American: sawed; British: sawn• Auxiliaries British English often uses “shall” and “shan’t”• American English uses “will” and “won’t”

Pronunciation Differences

British English

• [o] in spot

• [a:] in fast

• [t’] in better

• [r] – sometimes silent

• [ɪ] in privacy

American English

• [a:] in spot

• [ae] in fast

• [d] in better

• [r] pronounced everywhere

• [aɪ] in privacy

SCOTTISH

Scottish English as it is spoken in the country of Scotland.

FEATURES:

• Glottal stopping of the phoneme /t/ when in between vowels (similar to Cockney accent).

• Monopthongal pronunciations of the /eɪ/ and /əʊ/ diphthongs, so that the word “face” is pronounced as [fe:s] and “goat” is pronounced as [go:t].

IRISHIreland is a country close to the United kingdom.• VOCABULARY• “Amn’t” used as a contraction of ``am not´´

can be used in questions tags; they also usedouble negative (``I'm not late, amn't notlate?

• “Arra” is used as an interjection whensomething bad happened. ``Arra, tis not theend of the world´´(Well! ´s not the end of theworld)

• Irish people say: - Hiya (hello) - “tis” insteadof “it´s”.

PRONUNCIATION

• The "u" may appear pronounced as / ʊ /.

• They speak softer than the English .

• They don’t pronounce the diphthongs, as in boat /boːt/.

• When they say the `` t ´´ they pronounce `` s ´´or `` sh ´´, for example “it isn´t” they say /ˈɪznts/

Australian English

• Australian English is predominantly British English, and especially from the London area.

• The vowels reflect a strong “Cockney” influence.

• For Example:

The long a (/ei/) tends towards a long i (/ai/), so pay sounds like pie to an American ear.

The long i (/ai/), in turn, tends towards oi, so cry sounds like croy.

• Another characteristic of Australian English is abbreviated words, often ending in -y, -ie, or –o.

• For Example:chewie -- chewing gumchockie -- chocoloatesammie -- sandwichsickie -- sick daysmoko -- cigarette breaksunnies -- sunglasseslippie -- lipstick

There is three things, must be find

in every accent :

Clarity

Clarity is very important thing, when we

speak and play a vital (fundamental) role

to grape the things.

Peace

Don’t to speak very quickly.

Speak slowly for understand the things.

Continue…

• Volume

Some time people speak very quietly and you need to ask speak more loudly, means pronouns

the words in normal range.

Don’t be shy about making mistake just convey your thoughts and speak without any hesitation.