6 December 2017

Andrei Seryi John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science

Accelerator science Talk to prospective students

6 December 2016 2

What is JAI

The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science is a centre of excellence in the UK for advanced and novel accelerator technology, created in 2004 to foster accelerator R&D in the universities

JAI is based on 3 universities: University of Oxford, Royal Holloway University of London and Imperial College London

JAI in numbers: ~25 academic staff, ~15 research staff, ~10 affiliates, ~40 post-grad students, ~6-10 PhD/year in Acc. Science, ~60 PhD graduates

Sir John Adams - the 'father' of CERN accelerators

6 December 2016 3

Research directions

Training

FEL and novel light sources

Plasma

acceleration

Future colliders and particle

physics facilities

Intense hadron beams

CLIC R&D

MP LWFA

Diamond upgrade UH-FLUX

LC FF

FCC IR & FF

UK-FEL

IBEX

AWAKE

Beam diagnostics

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UK Free Electron Laser – possible location

Possible site for UK-FEL at RAL to allow co-location with high power lasers for High Energy

Density Science and Shock Physics

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Preliminary layout and parameters

Energy 8.7 GeV Repetition rate 100 Hz (each FEL) Max. photon energy ~ 18.6 keV Pulse duration 20-30 fs Photons/pulse (10 keV) ~ 1012

No. of FELs up to 4 (?) Possible FELs SXR (0.1 – 2 keV) MXR (1.5 – 6 keV) HXR (5 – 15 keV) Experimental stations 3 per FEL Facility length ~ 850 m Power consumption ~ 7MW

S07 S08 ... 50 m UNDULATOR

~500 m S01 S02 S03

e-beam

X01 BC1 BC2

RF-GUN

S04 S05 S06

500 MeV 1.2 GeV 8.7 GeV

Free Electron Laser

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Diamond light source upgrade The novel optics will allow an order of magnitude higher brightness

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Cold 30ns 50ns

60ns 70ns 80ns

95ns 110ns 130ns

Compact laser plasma radiation sources

Gemini 2015

Gemini betatron x-ray source now > 1024 photons per (mm2 mrad2 sec 0.1%BW)

Used for imaging fast phenomena; e.g. shock propagation in dense material.

medically relevant material; e.g. phase contrast imaging of prostate sample

6 December 2016 8

Asymmetric Energy Recovery Linac Advantages: a) capability to drive 1As level electron beam average current b) independent tuning of IP point and accelerator if phase shifter is introduced in the coupling cell c) field tuning to account for beam change at interaction point

Compact SCRF X-ray and THz light source

Operating field flatness @1.3GHz

Electric field contour plot of dipole partial eigenmode at 1.73GHz

Axis 1

Axis 2

Electric field contour plot of operating eigenmode at 1.3GHz

Al prototype for low-level RF measurements

6 December 2016 9

Development of wakefield accelerators Development of efficient high rep-rate LWFA

Simon Hooker at al

Multi-Pulse Laser Wakefield Acceleration concept

Experiment set-up

Train of N = 7 laser pulses and measured variation of wake amplitude with cell pressure. This shows resonant excitation of the wake when the pulse spacing matches the plasma period. The dashed line shows simple theory, which is analogous to the diffraction pattern produced by N = 7 slits.

Published in Phys Rev Lett as Editors’ Recommendation and highlighted as an APS Physics Synopsis J. Cowley et al. Phys Rev Lett 119 044802 (2017)

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Medical application of laser-plasma accelerators

• Betatron radiation could prove to be an interesting source for medical radiography – Small source size

and collimated beam allows for high resolution phase contrast imaging of soft tissue, e.g. breast, prostate…

– Hard photon energy with small source size allows for high resolution imaging of bone, biological samples

X-ray radiograph of femural bone sample (left, and photo

inset) tomographically reconstructed (right)

Phase-contrast imaging of prostate (left)

and tomograph of pre-natal mouse (right) Zulfikar Najmudin at al

6 December 2016 11

High Luminosity LHC

Collimation challenge:

• to efficiently clean the LHC beam, while… • protecting cryogenic magnets from huge

stored beam energy (doubles at HL-LHC!) • mitigating beam backgrounds that reach

the experiments!

• JAI-RHUL experts already integrated in team at CERN. Main contributions:

– Off-momentum loss maps: new model recently validated with energy deposition measurements at LHC.

– Advanced simulations of beam dynamics to design the new triplet layout for HL-LHC.

– RHUL-developed tool (BDSIM) to model LHC beam backgrounds measured at ATLAS.

Superconducting coil:

T = 1.9 K, quench limit

~15 mJ cm-3

Proton beam: 145 MJ

LHC design: 362 MJ

HL-LHC: 678 MJ!

Factor 9.7 x 109

Collimation challenge

LHC dipole

in BDSIM

Off-momentum loss maps:

Model

LHC data

Beam background

simulation

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High Luminosity LHC

Diagnostics: Electro-optic Beam Position Monitors • HL-LHC crab cavities require new instrumentation to

monitor bunch rotation and optimize performance. P A Grin lens

EO crystal

P A Grin lens

EO crystal

bunch

beam pipe

from laser to detector 2

from laser to detector 1 (a)

JAI built prototype already installed for tests at CERN SPS

• High bandwidth electro-optical pick-ups enable intra-bunch measurements of transverse position.

• JAI built prototype installed in 2016 at CERN SPS for proof of principle tests, in collaboration with CERN BI group.

Second prototype planned for LHC,

before deployment at HL-LHC

6 December 2016 13

Linear Colliders Accelerator R&D for electron-positron Linear Collider ‘Higgs Factory’

• Selected site

Japan

CERN

ILC: awaiting decision from Japan (2018)

CLIC: preparing input for European Strategy update (2019)

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Preliminary parameters (FCC-hh): CM energy 100 TeV Circumference 100 km Dipole field 16 Tesla Peak Lumi 5E34 cm-2s-1

100 km pp-collider with options of e+-e- and p-e

FCC = Future Circular Collider

Many interesting challenges! Total E in the beam 8GJ!

JAI is leading the Interaction Region design

8GJ (= 1 Airbus 380 at 720km/h)

HE-LHC – twice the LHC energy in the same tunnel

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Intense Hadron Beam R&D

Intensity frontier is just as exciting as the energy frontier!

Applications: • Neutron & muon production

• Radioisotope production

• Fusion materials irradiation

• Accelerator driven systems (nuclear waste transmutation)

ISIS neutron source, RAL, UK

Suzie Sheehy (Royal Society University Research Fellow) & Lucy Martin (DPhil student) with members of the ISIS Intense Beams Group David Kelliher and Shinji Machida

Fixed Field Accelerator

in Kyoto, Japan (experimental collaboration)

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Students present results of design project first to JAI staff, then to Advisory

Board, and then to CERN colleagues

Group Photo at CERN May 2016

Presentation at CERN Council Chamber May 2016

Every year students work on a design project, that allows them to

put their skills into practice

Post-graduate training - students’ project

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• JAI exists for a bit more than 10 years

• We already have more than 60 alumni, who obtained their DPhil based on research in accelerator science and are now working in many world-leading labs and institutes

• Before we finish today’s talk, lets hear from some of JAI alumni and look where they now work !

http://www.adams-institute.ac.uk/thesis

6 December 2016 18

“helping take diamond from the design stage, through commissioning and into user operation has been a hugely satisfying experience”

“working at diamond has given me the opportunity to contribute to several national facility designs, and to take part in machine studies at light sources around the world”

Ian Martin, Senior Accelerator Physicist Diamond Light Source

“BLADE” I10 Fast-switching beamline

Spectrogram characterising onset of micro-bunching instability with negative momentum compaction

frequency (kHz)bunch c

urr

ent

( A

)0 2 4 6 8 10 12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Message from Ian Martin (DPhil 2011)

Diamond Light Source

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Message from Paul Walker (DPhil 2013)

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Message from Alexander Gerbershagen (DPhil 2013)

«Accelerator science is not only exciting, but also has a wide

range of applications with a direct benefit for the society.»

Paul Scherrer Institute

• Largest Swiss laboratory

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Message from Christina Swinson (DPhil 2010)

6 December 2016 22

• Scientists from all around the world can perform experiments at SLAC • From development of cancer treatments to

materials for jet engines to detectors for Antarctica

• 3,400 scientists use SLAC’s light source and accelerator test beam facilities annually

• We continue to revolutionise accelerator science: • World-leading program in building

accelerators for the future- made from plasma!

10 TW laser system used for creating plasma

“Plasma Cell” – 200 times better than conventional accelerator technology

Message from Christine Clarke (DPhil 2008)

The field of accelerator physics is challenging and dynamic- fantastic

for any young scientist.

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (USA)

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Hope you will join the JAI team! during reception, talk to:

Laser-plasma acceleration, FEL, compact light sources:

Riccardo & Simon Roman

Linear colliders Phil

Compact SC light source

Ivan FCC or any

other: Andrei

AWAKE: Peter

High power hadron beams

or any other Suzie