Academic Reading and Writing-10.10

8/3/2019 Academic Reading and Writing-10.10

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ACADEMIC READING ANDWRITING

THE IMPORTANCES AND THESIDE EFFECTS OF FOOD

ADDITIVES IN INDUSTRIES

BYSELVA MALAR A/P ARIPITRI


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INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH

Food additives are one of those topicswhich people are either against for.

The problem that always being arguedis are food of natural origin is good andthose synthetic foods harmful?

Foods-mixture of chemicals puttogether by nature.


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Not all foods produced by nature areharmless.

Some of them contain toxic substances.

Examples:Oxalic acid in spinach & toxic

substances in certain species of

mushrooms.The burden is on the food processing

firm or on the additive manufacturer.


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Food Additives

A substance or a mixture ofsubstances, other than a basic

foodstuff, which is present in a food asa result of any aspect of production,processing, storage or packaging.


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Can divide thesesubstances into

two categories

Intentionaladditives

Incidentaladditives


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3000 foodadditives that areclassified into sixmajor categories

Nutritionalsupplements

Preservatives

Flavoringagents

Stabilizersandthickeners

Acid andalkalis

Emulsifiers

Coloringagents


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THESIS STATEMENT:

The industrial use of additives in

food processing is important but

at the same time it has negativeeffects to human such as

hyperactivity among children and

cancer.


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BACKGROUND PARAGRAPH

TOPIC SENTENCE:

Food additives have been introduced sincethousands of years, starting with the

discovery that salted meat lasted forever.

Food preservation began when man first

learned to safeguard food from one harvestto the next and by the salting and smoking ofmeat and fish.


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Why food additives?

to the shelf life of food and made manyconvenience foods possible

maintain the firmness, smoothness, orappearance of many foods

can be safely eaten after a period oftime


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Ancient Egyptians-ate foods that were

not only cooked and baked, but also

dried, salted, and fermented.

Ancient Chinese-discovered that fruit

could be ripened by placing it nearkerosene lamp.

Salt, sugar, and vinegar were among

the first food additives discovered andwere used both to enhance taste and

to preserve food.


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Humans have been using food additivesfor ages.

Salt had been used by our ancestors

to preserve meats and fishadded herbs and spices to improve

the flavor of foods

preserved fruit with sugar and pickled

or canned vegetables


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Development of food additives

Spectrograph:

Used by the chemist and food scientist todetermine the chemical structures of certain

components under investigation.Even ordinary kitchen appliances and simplelaboratory instrument are used indetermining whether a certain additive will

help produce the desired consistency in cakebatter, so that the product will be better.


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Technological advancement in the

latter half of the 20th century-introduction of various kinds of food

additives, both artificial as well asnatural.

Today, we are in the state of great

comfort and extravagant living whencanning and freezing processes arecommonplace.


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BODY PARAGRAPH 1

TOPIC SENTENCE:

Food additives improve nutritionalquality as well as maintains product

quality and freshness.

Vitamins, minerals, and amino acids-to

enhance the nutritional quality of thefood and also to balance a personsdiet.


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Enrichment-restoration of nutrients lostduring food processing.

The natural content in the food before

processing has almost the same amountwith the amount of nutrient added.

In fortification, the amount of nutrients

added might be higher than that presentbefore processing.


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Fortification standardizes the nutrientscontents.

Example:

Addition of Vitamin C to orange juice tostandardize Vitamin C concentration

and compensate for changes due toseasonal and processing variations.

Enrichment and fortification hashelped reduce malnutrition in UnitedStates and worldwide.


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Preservatives

slow product spoilage cause by yeast,mold, bacteria, and fungi of exposure toair.

Help to control contamination of thatcan cause food borne illness to maintainthe quality of the food.

Antioxidants is a group of preservatives

that prevents fats and oils, and the foodcontaining them, become extremelydistasteful.


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Others:

Sulfites-keep cut fruits and vegetableslooking fresh. They also preventdiscoloration in apricots, raisins, andother dried fruits.

Potassium bromate-to increase thevolume of bread and to produce bread

with fine crumb.

Nitrate and nitrite-to preserve meat


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BODY PARAGRAPH 2

TOPIC SENTENCE:

Food additives enhance the taste of thefood and makes food more appealing.

In food processing, some ingredients

are often added to food to maintain thesensory properties of the food.


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Natural and artificial flavors are added in

order to improve the taste of foods-cakes &snack food.

eg: Monosodium glutamate (MSG)-is

added to enhance the taste of our cooking

Colors are added to make the food taste

better or to compensate for the color that

is lost while preparing it-caramel color in

soups, and soft drinks. Colors-make theappearance of the food more attractive tocommercialize a food to attract public.


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Sweeteners or sweetening agents areused in order to heighten the sweetflavor of food.

Artificial sweeteners-to keep thecalories low, or to enable people withdiabetes mellitus to have sweet foods.

eg:Acesulfame-K, a sugar substitutefound in chewing gums


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BODY PARAGRAPH 3

TOPIC SENTENCE:

Artificial coloring in food taken by childrencontributes to hyperactivity also learning and

visual disorder.Hyperactivity-type of behavior disorderswhich is actually known as attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

ADHD-condition of a child characterized byrestless, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, andinattention.


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Estimated to affect about 5% of

school-aged children in the United

States.

Children-exposed to food chemicalsfrom infancy.

Chemicals intake increases when

children take junk food containing

artificial coloring or artificial

sweeteners.

eg:Baked goods, chewing gums, gelatin

desserts and diet soda .


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Jim Stevenson, a professor ofpsychology

at the University of Southampton, andhis colleagues come up with a study todetermine whether artificial food

colorings and preservatives in the diet of297 children affect their behavior.

They are given drinks contained artificial

food coloring and additives such assodium benzoate, a preservative-similar

to the drinks that are commercially

available.


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Children who drank the drinks withadditives were more hyperactivebehavior and had shorter attentionspans.

Professor Andrew Kemp (University ofSydney) wrote that although a

substantial body of evidence shows alink between attention deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD) andartificial food colorings and

preservatives, removing them is stillconsidered an alternative rather than astandard treatment for ADHD.


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BODY PARAGRAPH 4

TOPIC SENTENCE:Overdose uptake of food additivescontributes to cancer and might causedeath.

Examples:Hydrogenated vegetable oil-breast andcolon cancer.

Nitrates-form powerful cancer-causingagents in stomach, can cause death.Olestra-lung and prostate cancers.


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Nitrate and Nitrite

Sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate-twoclosely related chemicals use topreserve meat.

Nitrate (harmless)-readily converted to

nitrite.

When nitrite combines with secondaryamines, it forms nitrosamine (an

extremely powerful cancer-causingchemical).


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Olestra

Olestra (the fake fat) is both dangerousand unnecessary.

Has a fatal side-effect as it attaches tovaluable nutrients and flushes them out

of the body.Research by The Harvard School ofPublic Health-long-term consumption of

olestra snack food might result inseveral thousand unnecessary deathseach year from lung and prostatecancer.


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Barbara Deskins, professor of clinicaldietetics and nutrition at the Universityof Pittsburgs recommends public to eatvariety of food to prevent prolongedexposure to potentially harmfuladditives.


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CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH

Issues regarding additives in foodindustries never come to a conclusionas there are still arguments regarding

this issues,FOOD ADDITIVES: A ShoppersGuide to whats Safe & Whats Not -

learn about the safety of each differenttype of food additives.


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