Academic Practice. AVA Academic Practice Research Academic Practice.
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Transcript of Academic Practice. AVA Academic Practice Research Academic Practice.
Academic Practice
AVA Academic Practice
ResearchAcademic Practice
AVA Academic Practice
Research is…
Questioning
Searching for knowledge
A system for investigation
Discovery
A basic process of inquiry
Interpretation
Starting Research
Question framing
Research
Creative
Question framing
Problem definition.
Idea finding.
Concept development.
Production.
What do I have
General Knowledge
Documentation & Evaluation
Examples
Research of similar works
Research of specific artists/designers
AVA Academic Practice
Library GuideWhere to look
Architecture 711-711.12; 711.2-711.9; 720-729
Arts in general 700; 709
Decorative arts, applied arts 688.2; 736; 738-740; 744-745.66; 745.7; 745.9-749
Graphic arts, drawing, design 741-743
Museums, collectors & collecting 069 Painting 745.67; 745.8; 750-759
Photography 770-773; 775; 777-779
Printing 760-769
Sculpture 730-735
Visual arts in general 701-708; 710; 776
Different approaches to research
AVA Academic Practice
Archival research Old Newspapers and Historical records On-line archives/ public/ open source resources History records services of HK:
http://www.grs.gov.hk/ws/index.htm
Visual Arts Research Model Artist / Artwork / Others
Question / Interpret / Explain
AVA Academic Practice
Citing and Referencing
Academic Practice
AVA Academic Practice
What is Citing
Acknowledging the influences and works you have used; written, verbal and visual.
AVA Academic Practice
Each and every piece of work will have….
Bibliography -List all references at the end of your work
. Book/ website / image
1. Tony T.N. Hung. Handbook Avoiding Plagiarism (Language Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, 4th Revision, May 2008)
AVA Academic Practice
Learn how to cite and reference
Please Use the links to learn the methods for Chicgao and MLA systems
http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~lib/support/citing_sources.html
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
AVA Academic Practice
Presentations
Academic Practice
Presentations
Presenting your learning, research and creativity
Please follow the link
http://lorien.ncl.ac.uk/ming/dept/tips/present/present.htm
AVA Academic Practice
PlagiarismAcademic Practice
AVA Academic Practice
What is Plagiarism
Plagiarism: Plagiarism means taking someone else’s words or ideas and passing them off as your own.
http://net2.hkbu.edu.hk/~plagiar/module1.html
AVA Academic Practice
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Always Cite and reference your influences and sources
Every piece work should have a bibliography
If in Doubt always cite!
AVA Academic Practice
TURNITIN
Written work may be submitted through Turnitin software
http://buelearning.hkbu.edu.hk/mod/assignment/type/turnitin/submissions.php?id=5442
AVA Academic Practice
More information on Plagiarism
1. http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~lib/support/avoid_plagiarism.html
2. http://buar.hkbu.edu.hk/index.php/current_students_and_alumni/academic_guidelines/avoiding_plagiarism
Please visit both sites and read all documentation
Art Law
Copyright
Art Law
Copyright and property
Blindfold - represents objectivity
Scales -measures the arguments
Double-edged sword - symbolizing the power of Reason and Justice
Copy or Transformative?
Left: A photo by Patrick Cariou / Right: One of Richard Prince's “Canal Zone” collages
Knowledge is considered the key to human development
Two major international copyright conventions in operation – Berne Convention that dates originally from
1886, and – the Universal Copyright Convention, dating
from 1952 - revised in 1971
Copyright and Property
Knowledge is considered the key to human development
Intellectual property rights (IPRs)
‘Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.’
World Interllectual Property Organisation
http://www.wipo.int
Intellectual property rights (IPRs)
The first English copyright act (1710)
Berne Convention originally from 1886
Universal copyright conventions dating from 1952 - revised in 1971
Copyright and Property
Intellectual Property
Copyright:
protects original works.
Related Rights:
protect the performances, original recordings and broadcasts of works.
Industrial Property:
Patents protect inventions.
Industrial Designs protect the designs of the products
Trademark protect distinctive signs
The Berne Convention
is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
WIPO also has two copyright treaties
- the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT)
- the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT)
Many developing countries, have signed both treaties, the countries of the European Union have not yet done so…..
Copyright protects the way in which ideas are expressed.
Copyright does NOT protect ideas or mere facts.
Copyright protection is automatic. The instant you draw a picture or write a poem your works are protected by copyright.
Obtaining or Protecting
Original creation is the Intellectual Property of the originator
It is not about Obtaining but Protecting….
Originality
originality is the only condition that a work must meet in order to be protected by copyright. This means that a work cannot simply be a copy of another work.
works are protected by copyright regardless of their
quality. A child’s finger-painting has as much copyright
protection as a famous painter’s masterpiece.
Copyright protects the way in which ideas are expressed.
Written works – books, speeches, magazine and newspaper articles, novels,
stories, poems, essays, plays, text books, web pages, advertisements, and dance
notations.
Musical works – musical compositions, lyrics, songs and ring tones, in all types
of formats (sheet music, CDs, MP3 files, etc).
Artistic works – drawings, paintings, photographs, comics, sculptures,
architectural works, and maps.
Dramatic and choreographic works – plays, operas and dance.
Films and multimedia products – movies, video games, TV programs, and
cartoons.
Computer programs – human (source code) and machine (object code)
computer programming language.
How Long does copy right last?General Rules
Artistic, Literary, Dramatic works lasts for 70 years after the year of a known author's death. For unknown authors it expires 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was first made available to the public.
Sound Recording, Broadcasts, Cable Programmes and Computer Generated Works lasts for 50 years from the end of the year they were made, released or first broadcast
USA - For an anonymous work, a pseudonymous work, or a work made for hire, the copyright endures for a term of 95 years from the year of its first publication or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation, whichever expires first.
Fair Use…AllowedThe Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows individuals to copy a
certain amount of copyright materials, through the 'fair dealing' exception, for specific purposes.
No more than 5% of a book or one article from any one journal issue may be copied. This limit also applies to saving/printing from e-books and e-journals.
Copying for instructional use is permitted provided that it is done by the lecturer or student and not by any reprographic methods (e.g. photocopier, fax etc).
Copying for examination purposes is allowed by reprography, provided that it is not a musical work.
Fair Use…Restricted
Fair dealing does not apply to films, sound recordings or broadcasts.
Copying for instructional use is permitted provided that it is done by the lecturer or student and not by any reprographic methods (e.g. photocopier, fax etc).
Copying for examination purposes is not allowed for musical work.
'Fair Dealing' does not cover the creation of multiple copies for teaching purposes.
Fair Use…Restricted
http://www.benedict.com/info/FairUse/Visualizer/Visualizer.aspx
In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include –
Factor 1 -Purpose and Character of Use
Factor 2 -Nature of Copyrighted Work
Factor 3 -Relative Amount
Factor 4 - Effect upon Potential Market
The Internet…. Without infringing copyright, the public has a right to expect:
To read, listen to, or view publicly marketed copyrighted material privately, on site or remotely;
To browse through publicly marketed copyrighted material;
To experiment with variations of copyrighted material for fair use purposes, while preserving the integrity of the original;
To make or have made for them a first generation copy for personal use of an article or other small part of a publicly marketed copyrighted work or a work in a library's collection for such purpose as study, scholarship, or research; and
To make transitory copies if ephemeral or incidental to a lawful use and if retained only temporarily.
4 possible outcomes
① Prince Wins – Canal Zone declared fair use.
② Assessing all 21 works individually– some may pass fair use some may not. Those that don’t will be subject to damages.
③ Ruling sent to a Jury - ????
④ Re assessed by the courts
Some Thoughts … eroding the fair use concept, which sought to strike a
balance between economic and moral interests of IP owners and protection of public goods
Being used to tighten control of the world’s knowledge to the advantage of the industrialized world
Lock up indigenous knowledge
undermine flexibility to access knowledge and to develop technological skills;
Contractual law could override IP laws which allow access to information;
Copyright
The correct form for a notice:
Copyright [dates] by [author/owner]
Or
© [dates] by [author/owner]
Last Word….
In doubt – Don’t…..
You need to establish fair use or seek the owners permission to copy.
Glossary: Basic research terminology Abstract - A summary of a longer text, usually of an academic article.
Bias - To influence somebody or something unfairly, for example by using ‘leading questions’ in an interview.
Bibliography- A list of books and articles consulted, appearing at the end of a text.
Case study- An investigation into a particular individual or group used as a basis for drawing conclusions in similar situations.
Cue cards- Small cards used as prompts during a presentation.
Data- Information, in numerical or other formats, that can form the basis for analysis.
Database- systematically arranged collection of computer data, such as abstracts of journal articles, structured so that it can be automatically searched.
Essay- A short, structured, analytical piece of writing dealing with a specific topic.
Essay plan- An outline structure for an essay, including key aims, approaches and sources.
Ethics - A system of moral principles governing the appropriate conduct for a person or group.
Fieldwork - The observation of groups of people in their everyday surroundings.
Hypothesis - An untested assertion about the relationship between two or more concepts.
Information Search - The identification, recording and evaluation of information sources based on a particular subject.
Informed consent - Agreement by an individual to take part in research after being informed of and having understood the processes involved.
Interview - A method of collecting data from a subject by asking questions in a face-to -face situation.
Journal - A magazine or periodical, especially one published by a specialist or professional body for its members, containing information and contributions relevant to their area of activity. e.g. Fashion Theory.
Keywords - A word used in order to search for further information, for example using a library catalogue or the Internet.
Mind maps - A mind map is a visual method of representing words, ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged around a central key word or idea.
Object Analysis - A short analytical piece of writing based on a specific object.
Observation - The scrutiny and recording of action in natural settings.
Presentation - A formal talk made to a group of people, based on a particular topic, usually with visual aids.
Primary sources - First-hand research, that came into existence during the period of study.
Qualitative research - Research involving description and interpretation rather than statistics.
Quantitative research - Research based on measurable or numeric data.
Questionnaire - A carefully-designed set of questions used to gather data.
Reference - A note within a text, referring to another source of information.
Report - A document that gives factual information about an investigation or a piece of research.
Sample - A group selected from a larger population so that statements can be made about the population as a whole.
Secondary sources - Second-hand research that has been created after the period of study.
Structured list - A way of taking notes using sub-headings, bulleted lists and highlighted key words.
Survey - To carry out a statistical study of a sample population by asking questions about various aspects of people's lives.
Time-management - Strategies such as breaking down a major project into smaller, time-tabled tasks, in order to complete the project on time.
Visual aids - An item that is used as a complement to a presentation, e.g. an image, model or chart.