Academic Competition FederationNational Championship TournamentApril 2, 2005

Packet by Editors (#1)

Toss-Up Questions

1. The protagonist is disillusioned when he discovers that a man named Young, who wrote a lengthy “Pictorial Record of Man’s Economic Progress,” was an escapee from a mental institution. He gets furious with a fellow orderly named Brand after the latter pretends that smelling nembutal is fatal, in the course of slitting the vocal cords of some dogs for a medical experiment. Sol gets him to attend meetings of the John Reed Club, but after Buddy Nealson accuses him of being a Trotskyite he abandons the Communists. Those events take place in the second section of the book, which begins when the protagonist and his Aunt Maggie arrive in Chicago in 1927, and is entitled “The Horror and the Glory.” The first part, “Southern Night,” describes the author’s childhood in Memphis in the era of Jim Crow laws. FTP, name this autobiographical work by the author of Uncle Tom’s Children and Native Son, Richard Wright.

Answer: Black Boy (accept: American Hunger)

2. William Morris wrote a poem about the “eve” of this battle, whose refrain is a French phrase meaning “Ah, Margaret is beautiful.” It resulted in the deaths of Louis of Nemours and Charles of Alençon, the brother of the losing commander. The losing army made at least fifteen charges, but was never able to inflict any serious casualties on the winning army, which is said to have lost only 40 men. Among those killed was the blind King John of Bohemia, whose insignia of three white plumes and motto “Ich Dien” was taken by one of the victorious commanders. This battle taught Europe that Genoese crossbowmen can’t be trusted, at least if they are confronted with superior longbowmen. Fought neer Abbeville on the Somme, it ended in defeat for the French army led by King Philip VI. FTP, name this battle of the Hundred Years’ War at which the Black Prince “won his spurs,” a victory for Edward III’s army in 1346.

Answer: the battle of Crécy

3. This man’s ideas were contrasted with those of Husserl in a 1956 book by Maurice Natanson, while Martin Buber’s social anthropology was compared with this man’s views in a book by Paul Pfeutze. He criticized the judicial system for making an institution out of the human instinct of hostility in his essay “The Psychology of Punitive Justice.” He rejected Whitehead’s attempt to employ absolute idealism to provide a philosophical underpinning for the theory of relativity, arguing instead that the principle of sociality does the needed work in his essay “The Objective Reality of Perspectives.” In his Carus lectures, he sought to bring together scientific determinism and the emergence of novelty, which he did through his “philosophy of the present.” He published no books during his life, but after he died such works as Movements of Thought in the Nineteenth Century and Mind, Self, and Society appeared. FTP, name this leading

thinker of the Chicago School, an associate of John Dewey known for his “philosophy of the act.”

Answer: George Herbert Mead

4. In 1893 Max Klinger sculpted a “new” version of this figure, while a bronze depiction was produced in 1930 by Friederic Storck. A 1510 painting by Sebastiano del Piombo depicts her, and she is the subject of one of the Scalzo cloister paintings of Andrea del Sarto. She appears holding a swatch of pink fabric in each hand and showing a lot of belly in a 1909 painting by Robert Henri, while she is almost nude and pointing with her outstretched left arm in 1876’s The Apparition. She is seen “dancing” in another painting of that year by Gustave Moreau, and the controversy about seventeen drawings of her which began to appear in 1894 in The Yellow Book forced their artist, Aubrey Beardsley, to flee England. FTP, name this daughter of Herodias and Herod, whose naughty dance procured the decapitation of John the Baptist.

Answer: Salome

5. His first published story was about a college student who works part-time killing dogs to be used in experiments. At the end of another of his stories, Clerk is cremated along with the black soldier who had been captured by the people of a village. In addition to “An Odd Job” and “Prize Stock,” he has written a story about a fat man who nearly went mad after nearly being thrown to a polar bear, as well as a story about a man dying of liver cancer who likes to sing “Happy Days Are Here Again.” In one of his novels, the protagonist’s wife is driven to suicide by his homosexual adventures, after which he discovers the joy of ejaculating against young girls on the subway. In another of his novels, Bird nearly goes to Africa with his mistress before returning to the deformed baby whom he had tried to kill. Another novel was originally called Sorrow in the Year 1860, and depicts a young man who goes to the village of his youth after becoming the father of a retarded child. FTP, name this author of Teach Us To Outgrow Our Madness, A Personal Matter, and The Silent Cry.

Answer: Kenzaburo Oe

6. A derivative of this compound prefixed by pseudo- is an important modifier of the T-arm of tRNA, while its fluorine derivative is used to inhibit the enzyme thy-mi-dyl-ate syn-thase, effects of which are essential to its use in chemotherapy. Its N-gly-coy-lase is an important excision enzyme, participation of which explains the absence of Okazaki fragments on the leading strand; it is also essential to protection from damage resulting from deamination of another compound to this nucleotide. First identified in herring sperm, FTP, name this pyrimidine in which the lack of a methyl group is the only difference between it and the nucleotide it replaces, thymine, in RNA.

Answer: uracil

7. Its penultimate ruler took a name meaning “the cultivated field is difficult to move,” while its last ruler was known as the “shark who made the ocean waters tremble.” That penultimate ruler, Glélé, was defeated by the Abeokuta, as was his predecessor Gezu. A puppet named Goutchilli was installed as its ruler after the overthrow of its last ruler, Behanzin, who was defeated in an 1892 battle by the army of Alfred-Amédée Dodds.

Originally part of Allada, it was made independent by Wegbaja in the 17th century. A major player in the slave trade, its power depended upon a permanent army which included a group of the king’s wives known to Europeans as the “Amazons.” FTP, name this African state of the Fon people, which occupied modern-day Benin.

Answer: Dahomey or Abomey

8. One of this film’s main characters falls in love while asking for a liverwurst sandwich. She is harrassed by a man with a parcel from Pittsburgh while at the Empire State Hotel, where she has gone in pursuit of a man who calls himself John Brown. After going to Gabriel Valley, the other main character remembers that he accidentally caused the impaling of his brother as a child, but the discovery of the corpse of the author of Labyrinth of the Guilt Complex complicates matters. In the end, John Valentine and Dr. Constance Petersen get married after all. The film also features a dream sequence designed by Salvador Dali. FTP, name this 1945 film starring Gregory Peck and Ingrid Bergman, a movie about psychoanalysis by Alfred Hitchcock.

Answer: Spellbound

9. This river was connected to its country’s capital by the Grand and Royal Canals, built between 1756 and 1817. It falls by about 100 feet over its last 15 miles, a drop which is used to generate hydroelectric power at Ardnacrusha. The limestone deposits beneath the central lowlands through which it passes are responsible for numerous lakes along its courses, including Ree and Derg, and it is also surrounded by marshlands known as “callows.” It rises from some pools at the base of Tiltinbane Mountain, after which it flows about 220 miles to the south before emptying into Lake Ree at Lanesborough. After passing through the Killaloe gorge, it becomes tidal a few miles above Limerick. FTP, name this river that rises in Country Cavan, the longest in Ireland.

Answer: the Shannon River

10. This assay was popularized when Ehrenberg proposed that it contained an acceleration component that permitted its extension to periodicity anomaly surficial analysis, and Fadley has modified it to enable in situ sample preparation and molecular beam epitaxial growth. Its greatest implications, which were verified by the Thomson-Reid experiment, were realized following heat neutralization of an oxidized vacuum flask, which generated results similar to Young’s experiment. Its arc-mounted Faraday Box detected a peak at 54 Volts with an angle of 50 degrees, resulting in the detection of ten facets in the target, a crystal of nickel, via the Bragg condition. FTP, name this electron diffraction experiment that demonstrated de Broglie’s theory of the wave nature of particles.

Answer: Davisson-Germer Experiment (prompt on “electron diffraction”)

11. After another god knocked this god out of the sky, this god’s father got angry and gave all the gods upset stomachs until this god was granted immortality. He was created from an item which was captured by a bird before it could be eaten by Kaikeyi, the youngest wife of Dasaratha. That item, a cake, was found by the wife of Kesari, a queen named Angara. In later life, he served as a general under Sugriva and killed Kalanemi, and oversaw the construction of a bridge from India to a nearby island. The son of the

wind god Vayu, he is depicted as having a red face and a very long tail, and was created to help Vishnu in his incarnation as Rama. FTP, name this being who came to the rescue when Ravana abducted Sita, the monkey god of Hindu myth.

Answer: Hanuman

12. Fitz-Greene Halleck wrote a poem to a woman of this name, who is asked to say that she loves the Man and not the Poet. In Robert Southey’s “Rudiger,” the title character marries a woman of this name. Swinburne wrote a poem in Scottish dialect about a woman of this name who goes for a ride with Lord Hugh of Burnieshaw. An old man named Armytage reminisces about a woman of this name who died of sadness while waiting for the return of her husband Robert in a long poem written in the 1790s. In another poem, a girl of this name is admonished that “sorrow’s springs are the same” and asked if she is grieving over Goldengrove unleaving. FTP, give this common name which appears in Wordsworth’s “The Ruined Cottage” and Gerard Manley Hopkins’s “Spring and Fall,” which is also the first name of a Canadian poet who wrote The Circle Game and The Journals of Susanna Moodie.

Answer: Margaret

13. His mother’s lover Gallys conspired to raise him to power by secretly conducting him to the camp of the Third Legion, which proclaimed him emperor. Later, that Legion grew dissatisfied with him and tried to make its commander Berus emperor, but the coup failed, as did another led by Seleucus. His first wife was Julia Cornelia Paula; his third wife was Annia Faustina, a descendant of Marcus Aurelius; but it was his second wife, Julia Severa, who scandalized the people, as she was a Vestal Virgin when he married her. After succeeding Macrinus, he stayed at Antioch for months before travelling to Rome, where he attempted to institute a monotheistic religion based on the Syrian sun god whose priest he was. FTP, name this last of the Antonine emperors, who was born Varius Avitus Bassianus and was succeeded in 222 by Alexander Severus.

Answer: Elagabalus or Heliogabalus

14. Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote a ballad about this device, in which a young man is confused by one after some “silly, confused flies” are trapped in a spider’s web within it. It was improved by Pierre Adolphe Piorry, who added a “pleximeter” to it. Most of the ones in use today follow a design introduced by David Littmann, while George Camman seems to have invented the first usable binaural one in 1852. The original one was invented after a French scientist saw some children playing with a piece of wood, after which he experimented with paper and wood tubes. Its use was discussed in the Treatise on Mediate Auscultation by its inventor, who originally called it “The Cylinder” before he gave it a name from the Greek for “I see” and “the chest.” FTP, name this medical device invented in 1816 by René Laënnec, which allows a doctor to listen to the patient’s chest.

Answer: the stethoscope

15. One of these precedes a polonaise in the Opus 38 of Henri Vieuxtemps (vyu-tahm). Six of them, including one for alto saxophone and another for trombone, were written by Frank Martin. One of these for piano and orchestra is the Opus 19 of Gabriel Fauré, who

also wrote one for solo piano. The Opus 9 of Franck is one, while Liszt wrote two and Grieg wrote one in G minor “in the form of variations on a Norwegian folk song.” The first of them in the Opus 10 of Brahms is based on a Scottish poem, “Edward,” which was translated by Herder. Brahms wrote four of them in total, as did the composer who introduced this musical form. Those original four are works in compound meter that are said to be based on poems by Adam Mickiewicz, and the first one appeared in 1836. FTP, name this type of composition, an instrumental piece with a narrative form which was pioneered by Chopin.

Answer: a ballade

16. This work includes a discussion of the witch’s nest at Norcia, which is described in a letter by Aeneas Sylvius. The final chapter begins with a discussion of the execution of Boscoli as an example of the “general spirit of doubt.” A rhyming topographical work, the Dittamondo of Uberti, is discussed several times in part 4, which the previous part discusses the poetry of Palingenius, Sannazaro, and Maffeo Vegio. The first part considers a number of despots and their republican opponents, while generally treating the idea of the “state as a work of art,” while later sections deal with the “development of the individual” and “the revival of antiquity.” When it first appeared in 1860, its author, a professor of history at the University of Basel, was unknown. FTP, name this work of cultural history by Jakob Burckhardt.

Answer: The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy or Die Kultur der Renaissance in Italien

17. A stepwise mechanism for this reaction has been proposed where a pair of electron additions occur, each addition followed by abstraction of a proton from solution, proceeding through a radical anion intermediate before reaching the neutral final product. Substituents on the target compound can control the regioselectivity of the reaction; electron-donating groups favor protonation at an unoccupied site meta to the substituents, while electron-attracting substituents favor para protonation. Reaction conditions typically feature an alkali metal dissolved in liquid ammonia, which provide the electrons and protons, respectively. FTP, what is this reaction that reduces a benzene ring to 1,4-cyclohexadiene?

Answer: the Birch reduction

18. In its fourth section, the author considers the claim that “Brutus killed Caesar” and notes that it would be false even if the word “killed” were to mean “begat.” In its final section, the author asserts that as a “lay physicist” he doesn’t believe in Homer’s gods, but insists that questions about centaurs, brick houses on Elm Street, and classes are more or less on par. The first section offers some historical background, including discussion of such pairings as “Scott” and “the author of Waverley,” before considering the claim that “No bachelor is married.” The author attacks Lockian and Humian definitions of the titular concept, and claims to espouse a “more thorough pragmatism” than that of C. I. Lewis or Carnap by repudiating the imagined boundary between the analytic and synthetic. FTP, name this seminal 1951 essay which appears in From a Logical Point of View, a work by Willard Van Orman Quine.

Answer: “Two Dogmas of Empiricism”

19. The earlier one was spread among the Paviosto by Frank Spencer, who was a disciple of its originator Wodziwob. One offshoot of that version was the Bole-Maru movement founded by Lame Bill, while another offshoot was the Big Head movement which flourished among the Yuki, Wailaki, and Kato. The later version gave rise to a “hand game” which took four days to complete and was introduced by Joseph Carrion. That later version was founded by the son of Tavibo, who during a solar eclipse on New Year’s Day was taken to the other world and given five songs that would control the weather, as well as invulnerability to weapons. During it, shirts that were thought to be bullet-proof were worn, though the Lakota Indians who wore them discovered that they were ineffective at Wounded Knee. FTP, name this Native American religious movement whose 1890 version was led by Wovoka.

Answer: the Ghost Dance

20. He has 30 years, four months, and two days left to live, as he learned from an astrologer named Serapa. He refuses to own a mule unless it was sired by a wild ass, and he notably placed an order for mushroom spores from India. According to his will, Carion is to receive an apartment house and Philargyrus is to get a farm, while he asks his friend Habinnas to make the plot of his grave a hundred feet wide. When we last see him, he has ordered some trumpeters to play a funeral march, after which a fire brigade bursts in and allows some disgusted guests to slip away. He acquired the praenomen “Gaius” when he became a freedman, and he delights in drinking fine Falernian wine at a party which features his wife Fortunata and such guests as Ganymede and Encolpius. FTP, name this wealthy ex-slave who holds a lavish party in the Satyricon of Petronius.

Answer: C. Gaius Pompeius Trimalchio Maecenatianus

21. His armies were defeated at Guinegate, but three years later he signed a treaty that won him Artois without a fight, following the death of Mary. His barber, Olivier le Dain, was one of his most influential advisors, along with Cardinal Balue and Tristan l’Hermite. After being captured by the Duke of Burgundy, he caused the Swiss to rise up against and kill Charles the Bold. The oldest son of Charles VII, he tried unsuccessfully to overthrow his father and was forced to flee the country before taking power in 1461. FTP, name this French monarch who ruled until 1483, and whose machinations earned him the nickname the “Spider King.”

Answer: Louis XI

22. In one of them, Nourmahal learns a magical song from Namouna to regain her husband’s affection after they have a fight during the Feast of Roses. In another, Hinda drowns herself after her lover Hafed commits suicide on a funeral pyre. In the first of them, Zelica marries a fraud named Mokanna because she mistakenly believes that her lover has died in battle, but Azim is still alive and later kills her by mistake. The only remaining one features a tear of a repentant criminal, which enables a peri to enter into Heaven. At the end of the work, we discover that the man who told these stories is actually the King of Bucharia, who is engaged to marry the titular daughter of Aurungzebe. FTP, name this 1817 work, a collection of four narrative poems which are told on a journey from Delhi to Cashmere which was written by Thomas Moore.

Answer: Lalla Rookh: An Oriental Romance

23. He implicitly criticized the beach paintings of William Collins in his depiction of a choppy sea in Chain Pier, Brighton. He paid tribute to Bishop Fisher by depicting his living, Langham Church, in his Glebe Farm. He was inspired by Claude, whose work he saw through his patron Sir George Beaumont, in works like Dedham Vale, Evening. With his largescale 1819 painting of a White Horse, his reputation was established, though he had to suppress his Whitehall Stairs to consolidate his reputation as a landscape painter. He painted in Dorset, Hampstead, and Salisbury, but is best known for a series depicting the Stour valley. FTP, name this British artist, best known for The Hay Wain.

Answer: John Constable

Academic Competition FederationNational Championship TournamentApril 2, 2005

Packet by Editors (#1)

Bonus Questions

1. He died of a stroke soon after delivering a lecture on “The Declining Significance of Social Class” to a conference in honor of the 50th anniversary of his getting a degree at Heidelberg. FTPE:A. Name this social theorist, who in 1963 introduced his “AGIL” schema to analyze the four major functions of behavior.

Answer: Talcott ParsonsB. Parsons is best known for this 1937 work, in which he argued for the importance of “voluntaristic” forms of the titular concept.

Answer: The Structure of Social ActionC. Parsons collaborated with this man on 1951’s Towards a General Theory of Action. This man founded the magazine Minerva and wrote The Torment of Secrecy and the “essays in macrosociology” collected in Center and Periphery.

Answer: Edward Shils

2. He wrote two comedies, including A Woman Is a Weather-Cock, but is better known for working with other writers. FTPE:A. Name this Elizabethan writer, who collaborated with Massinger on The Fatal Dowry.

Answer: Nathan FieldB. Nathan Field also collaborated with this author on The Honest Man’s Fortune and The Knight of Malta, though this author is better known for collaborating on The Two Noble Kinsmen.

Answer: John FletcherC. Field was also a noted actor, and was best known for his performance in the title role of this George Chapman tragedy about an ambitious courtier who is murdered by the husband of the Countess of Montsurry.

Answer: Bussy d’Ambois

3. Identify these related things from physics, FTPE:A. For a load applied to a solid material, this dimensionless quantity is equal to the ratio of transverse contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain.

Answer: Poisson’s ratioB. Equivalent to the second Lamé constant mu in continuum theory, this constant is equal to Young’s Modulus over 2 times 1 plus Poisson’s ratio. It restricts Poisson’s ratio to values greater than -1.

Answer: shear modulus or rigidity modulus or G

C. Maximum principle stresses lie at the far ends of this diagram whose x and y axes represent normal stress and shear stress. It is used to represent planar stress transformations.

Answer: Mohr circle

4. He was described as the “torchbearer of the revolution” in a book by Thomas Jefferson Wertenbacker, but that positive interpretation of his major action was opposed in a 1957 book by Wilcomb Washburn. FTPE:A. Name this revolutionary leader, who defended his actions in a “Declaration of the People” issued at Middle Plantation.

Answer: Nathaniel BaconB. Bacon burned Jamestown to the ground in 1676 after this governor of Virginia refused to commission him to kill Indians.

Answer: Sir William BerkeleyC. Bacon’s rebellion began as a conflict with this Indian tribe. Bacon persuaded the Occaneechi Indians to attack this group, and after they had done so he perfidiously attacked the Occaneechi.

Answer: the Susequehannock Indians

5. It rejected the theology of the Remonstrants, who were expelled from the gathering by followers of Franciscus Gomarus. FTPE:A. Name this assembly which convened in 1618. It concluded that Christ didn’t really die for all men, and that humanity is totally depraved.

Answer: the Synod of DortB. The Synod of Dort was held to settle controversies arising from the work of this man, a professor of theology at Leiden who tried to mitigate the harshness of Calvinism.

Answer: Jacobus ArminiusC. Dort affirmed the “double” form of this doctrine, which derives from a passage in chapter 8 of the Book of Romans. The Dorters affirmed that this was not conditional on belief, and is independent of merit.

Answer: predestination

6. Answer these questions about the Group 3A elements, FTPE.A. The elements in this group, particularly boron, are electron deficient as they have only three valence electrons to share. Thus, neutral compounds like boron trifluoride violate this rule.

Answer: Lewis octet ruleB. The Group 3A elements can deal with electron deficiency by making compounds like Al2Cl4 and diborane which have three-center two-electron bonds, also known by this name that reflects the contorted geometry necessary to make these bonds.

Answer: banana bondsC. This effect caused by a relativistic contraction of the valence “s” orbital causes indium and thallium to have a +1 oxidation state as well as the expected +3. This effect also pops up next door, where it explains why lead and tin form both +2 and +4 ions.

Answer: inert pair effect

7. Its army was easily defeated by forces led by Henri Dufour, who took Gislikon, Luzern, and Valais in the course of a single week in November. FTPE:A. Name this league of seven Catholic cantons, which banded together in 1845 to oppose measures taken by the Protestant cantons.

Answer: the Sonderbund or the Schutzvereinigung or the Defense UnionB. The Sonderbund formed after Aargau dissolved its monasteries, which was a violation of this Swiss constitution.

Answer: the Federal Pact or the Pact of 1815 or the Constitution of 1815C. The Sonderbund was led by this ultramontane politician from Lucerne, who was forced to flee the country following the league’s defeat.

Answer: Constantin Siegwart-Müller

8. Name these artists who were working in Italy in the year 1600, FTPE:A. He moved to Rome in the early 1590s, and while there painted a Death of the Virgin which was refused by the Carmelites because it showed the Virgin Mary as a disgusting corpse. His later works include The Burial of Saint Lucy.

Answer: Caravaggio or Michelangelo MerisiB. He moved to Rome in 1576 and while there came under the influence of Caravaggio, who also influenced his artistic child. Before becoming painter to England’s Charles I in 1626, he produced a Danae in which she extends her right arm to receive a shower of gold coins.

Answer: Orazio GentileschiC. This German was also in Rome in 1600, where he painted The Burning of Troy and a dramatic depiction of the survivors of a shipwreck, Saint Paul on Malta. His later works include an altar in seven parts showing the Story of the True Cross.

Answer: Adam Elsheimer

9. Paolo Ruffini laid the groundwork for the resolution of this problem which was solved by its namesake in a series of papers in 1824 and 1826. FTPE:A. Name this tenet of algebra that states that a finite number of root extractions are incapable of solving polynomial equations of degree greater than four.

Answer: Abel’s Impossibility TheoremB. This lemma requires that the groups of a solvable algebraic equation be solvable, and that if radicals must be used in the solution of an irreducible prime degree equation, all of their roots must themselves be rational functions of two roots. Thus, it extends the Abel Impossibility Theorem to all prime degree equations.

Answer: Galois’s TheoremC. The general quintic equations actually can be solved by reducing the equation to Bring quintic form and then applying these quasi-doubly periodic functions, the elliptic analogues of their corresponding exponential functions.

Answer: Jacobi theta functions

10. Scrape the frost off the punkin and name these late 19th century American poets, none of whom is James Whitcomb Riley, FTPE:

A. He wondered what would become of the “vast outbound ship of souls” in “Gloucester Moors.” He is better known for an ode written after seeing the statue of Robert Shaw in Boston, which ends “Blindness we may forgive, but baseness we will smite.”

Answer: William Vaughn MoodyB. He imagines that a fat old king murdered his young queen in a poem written after viewing “The Royal Portraits” at Ludwigshof. His other poems include “The Empty House” and one about a man who misses his dead wife, “Forlorn,” though he’s better known for his fictional works.

Answer: William Dean HowellsC. John Hollander has championed this author of Sonnets from Greece and “In Ampezzo.” His greatest poem, “Mnemosyne,” begins “It’s autumn in the country I remember.”

Answer: Trumbull Stickney

11. Its first volume contains six essays, including one that discusses table-rapping and telekinesis, the “Essay on Spirit Seeing and Everything Connected Therewith.” FTPE:A. Name this two-volume work published in 1851, which also includes the “Fragments for the History of Philosophy,” in which the author explains the relationship between Schelling’s thought and his own.

Answer: Parerga and ParalipomenaB. In Parerga and Paralipomena, this thinker argued that the major problem of modern philosophy is the relationship between the ideal and the real. He also claimed that he alone solved the problem by showing both to be aspects of the will.

Answer; Arthur SchopenhauerC. In the 27th chapter of the second volume, Schopenhauer wrote about this kind of human being. He argued that they are “unaesthetic” and prone to injustice.

Answer: Women or perhaps Frauen (“On Women”)

12. He became a leader of the Varangian Guard after being forced to flee his own country following the battle of Stiklestad. FTPE:A. Name this ruler, who broke an alliance with Sven Estridsen in return for half of the kingdom which belonged to Sven’s nephew.

Answer: Harold III or Harold HaardraadeB. This son of Saint Olav was the nephew of Sven with whom Harold Haardraade shared the rule of Norway. This man received his surname at the battle of Lyrskov Hede, and on his death in 1047 named Sven and Harold his co-heirs.

Answer: Magnus the Noble or Magnus IC. Harold was killed at this battle near York in 1066, at which Harold Godwinson’s brother Tautig was also killed.

Answer: the battle of Stamford Bridge

13. In his “Ottavina” concerto all of the solos should be played an octave higher than written, while his other named concertoes include the first flute concertoes ever published, the “Gardellino.” FTPE:A. Name this Italian composer of over 500 concertoes, of which over 200 were written for violin and orchestra. He also wrote 21 operas, including Rosmira and Armida.

Answer: Antonio VivaldiB. This set of 12 concertoes with a hard-to-translate name is Vivaldi’s Opus 3. Bach wrote keyboard transcriptions of six of these works, which were perhaps the most popular violin concertoes of the 18th century.

Answer: L’Estro Armonico or The Harmonic Fancy or The Musical InspirationC. Vivaldi followed up on the smash hit of L’Estro Armonico with this 1714 collection, his Opus 4. The twelve concertoes are grouped in pairs of major and minor key works.

Answer: La Stravaganza

14. Name these Spanish novelists, FTPE:A. The foremost realist among 19th-century Spanish novelists, this disciple of Balzac wrote 77 novels, including Fortunata and Jacinta and Doña Perfecta.

Answer: Benito Pérez GaldósB. When this author died in 1891, Galdos wrote an obituary which claimed that The Scandal was his masterpiece. Non-Spanish readers might be more familiar with his The Three-Cornered Hat.

Answer: Pedro Antonio de AlarcónC. This author of Our Friend Manso went for psychological inwardness rather than the exterior observation of Galdos. He’s best known for a novel about the beautiful orphan Ana, La Regenta.

Answer: Leopoldo Alas

15. It led to the downfall of Wakatsuki Reijiro’s cabinet, as he had proven incapable of dealing with the situation. FTPE:A. Name this event which took place on September 18, 1931, following a mysterious explosion along a railway line.

Answer: the Mukden Incident or the Manchurian IncidentB. This Japanese army created the Mukden Incident as a pretext for seizing all of Manchuria.

Answer: the Kwantung ArmyC. In 1932, this League of Nations investigation of the Mukden incident determined that the Japanese had not acted in self-defence, not that the Japanese cared.

Answer: the Lytton Commission

16. When the Earth was being overheated by ten suns, this god shot nine of them with his arrows and became the lord of the one that was left. FTPE:A. Name this “Heavenly Archer,” who was given immortality by Xi Wang-mu.

Answer: Shen YiB. This wife of Shen Yi tried to grab the draught of immortality, but he stopped her before she could drink all of it. Since she couldn’t make it all the way to heaven, she had to settle for becoming the moon goddess.

Answer: Heng OC. This wind god, a winged dragon with the head of a stag, was the nemesis of Shen Yi.

Answer: Fei Lian

17. It includes the insignificant islands of Lennox, Nueva, and Picton, which have been the subject of dispute between the two countries that own it. FTPE:A. Name this archipelago, whose physical features include Mount Sarmiento and Mount Darwin.

Answer: Tierra del FuegoB. Lennox, Nueva and Picton lie in the eastern portion of this strait, which separates the main island of Tierra del Fuego from smaller islands to the south, such as Navarino.

Answer: the Beagle ChannelC. This city on the Beagle Channel is the capital of the Argentinian portion of Tierra del Fuego, and advertises itself as the southernmost city in the world.

Answer: Ushuaia

18. After writing his first book on the poetry of John Skelton, he published a 1967 work which argued that the reader of a certain epic poem re-enacts the fall and redemption of humanity in the course of reading it. FTP each:A. Name this American literary theorist, whose other works include Self-Consuming Artifacts and Is There a Text in this Class?.

Answer: Stanley FishB. Fish’s Surprised by Sin was a commentary on this epic poem. Recently, he has written another book on how this poem’s author “works.”

Answer: Paradise LostC. In The Living Temple, Fish wrote about this 17th-century religious poet in the context of “catechizing.”

Answer: George Herbert

19. Answer these questions about the human eye FTPE.A. This is the avascular structure that serves as the barrier between the anterior chamber of the eye and the outside. It is the structure on top of which lies contact lenses, and is also the location of laser surgery for visual acuity.

Answer: corneaB. The rest of the eye is covered by this structure, the “white of the eyes”. It is the structure to which the muscles that control the movement of the eye attach.

Answer: scleraC. The lateral rectus muscle of the eye is innervated by this cranial nerve, whose sole function is to provide motor signals and receive pro-prio-ceptive signals from it.

Answer: abducent or abducens nerve or cranial nerve VI

20. It was created in Taranaki in 1862, and its followers believed, erroneously, that repeating a certain phrase would protect them from bullets. FTPE:A. Name this religious movement which was founded by Te Ua, whose adherents believed that the Maori were the lost tribe of Israel.

Answer: the Pai Marire or the Good and Peaceful movement (accept Hauhau)B. This Christian Maori movement was founded five years after the more sanguinary Pai Marire appeared. Te Kooti was the prophet of this religion, whose name means “Upraised Hand.”

Answer: Ringatu

C. The Maori Wars of the 1860s were largely caused by the flaws in this 1840 treaty, which led to British annexation of New Zealand.

Answer: the Treaty of Waitangi

21. Answer the following questions about a European literary movement, FTPE:A. Originating in several U.S. POW camps, it was formally founded by Hans Richter and Alfred Andersch after World War II. Its literary magazine, Der Ruf, was briefly suppressed for its political views.

Answer: Gruppe 47 or Gruppe SiebenundvierzigB. Heinrich Böll first won the Gruppe 47 Prize for this short story in 1951. It focuses on the lazy Uncle Otto, who refuses to get a job, influencing the narrator’s decision to drop out of college and attempt to become a composer.

Answer: “Black Sheep” or “Die Schwarzen Schafe”C. This Austrian member’s poetry collection, Borrowed Time, won the Gruppe 47 Prize in 1953. Her best work is her radio play The Good God of Manhattan, and she was also the librettist for Henze’s Prinz von Homburg.

Answer: Ingeborg Bachmann