ABSTRACT PROCEEDINGS - disaster-sustainability.org€¦ · 9. Analysing Disaster Events: An Urban...

International Symposium

Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development

Integrating Higher Education Institutions achieving SFDRR and SDG

7 - 8 March, 2019 || Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

In Association with:

ABSTRACT PROCEEDINGS

Organized by:

Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation and Management (DPMM), Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand

[email protected]

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Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation and Management, AIT, Thailand

International Symposium on

Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Development 7-8 March 2019 Asian Institute of technology, Thailand

Contents Collaborator ............................................................................................................................................... 6

Organizing Committee............................................................................................................................... 6

Advisory Committee .................................................................................................................................. 7

Scientific Committee ................................................................................................................................. 8

Abstracts

1. Sustainable Development through Post-Disaster Reconstruction: Foundation of Goodness, Sri

Lanka....................................................................................................................................................10

Iftekhar Ahmed, ...................................................................................................................................10

2. Exploring ‘data gaps’ in minimizing disaster impacts: A case study in Ratnapura District in Sri

Lanka....................................................................................................................................................11

R. M. Wasantha Rathnayake, ..............................................................................................................11

University of Sri Lanka, BelihulOya, Sri Lanka .....................................................................................11

1Roxana Leitold ,2Javier Revilla Diez, ...................................................................................................12

University of Cologne Institute of Geography .....................................................................................12

4. Role of Education in Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: An evidence from Nepal .............13

1Madhu Sudan Gautam, 2Shyam Kumar Basnet:1 ...............................................................................13

5. Application of low-cost community based Landslide Early Warning Systems in the Nepal

Himalaya. .............................................................................................................................................14

1THAPA, Prakash Singh and 2ADHIKARI, 3BASANTA RAJ : 1 .................................................................14

6. Relationship Between Soil Erosion And Water Quality, Pesticide Residues of Uma Oya

Watershed, Sri Lanka ...........................................................................................................................15

1B.A.R.H. Dias, 2E.P.N. Udayakumara, 2J.M.C.K. Jayawardana, 4S. Malavipathirana .........................15

and 5D.A.T.W.K. Dissanayake ..............................................................................................................15

7. Financing Disaster Losses: Possibilities of Introducing Ex-ante Risk Financing in India..............16

1Vikrant Panwar,2Subir Sen .................................................................................................................16

8. Assisting Public During Disasters with Android Application‘Disaster Prep’ ................................17

1Parul Saini , 2Vrinda Bharti, 3Dr. Randeep Singh Saini ........................................................................17

9. Analysing Disaster Events: An Urban Metabolism Perspective to Disaster Causation ...............18

1Tailin Huang .......................................................................................................................................18

Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan. Abstract ........................18

10. Culture of consumption and climate change: An anthropological inquiry .............................19

1Hari Charan Behera ............................................................................................................................19

Indian Statistical Institute Giridih, Jharkhand .....................................................................................19

11. Willingness to Pay for Insurance against Natural Disasters ....................................................20

1Subir Sen Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttara hand, India .............................20

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12. Disaster Resilient Development in South and South East Asia: The Politico-Diplomatic

Equations of Regional Cooperation .....................................................................................................21

1Satabdi Das ........................................................................................................................................21

South South Calcutta Girls’ College, Kolkata, India ...........................................................................21

13. Railway Accidents Scenarios Analysis: Human Factor Based Review .....................................23

1Sanghamitra Poddar, 2Subhash Chandra Panja Malay 3Gangopadhyaya, 4Sankar Narayan Patra, 5Debashis Sarkar ..................................................................................................................................23

1,3Institute of Engineering & Management, Sector 5, Salt Lake, India ,2,4Jadavpur University, 5Asansol Engineering College, Asansol, India ......................................................................................23

14. Economic Impacts of Drought and Subsequent Relief in Madhya Pradesh- A district level

analysis ................................................................................................................................................24

15. The Role of Coastal Polder In Sustainable Agricultural Development And Prevention Of

Salinity Intrusion In Bangladesh—A Case Study..................................................................................25

1Swarnali Mahmood1 and 2Abul Fazal M. Saleh .................................................................................25

16. Main Streaming Climate Resilience in Land Use Planning: Case Study in Malaysia Cities .....26

1Vishanthini Kanasan,,2Dr. Mohd Sayuti Hassan.................................................................................26

1Centre for Global Sustainable Studies ,2Universiti Sains Malaysia ....................................................26

Abstract ...............................................................................................................................................26

17. Identifying Research Interventions On Resilience Building Using the Ten Essentials For

“Making Cities Resilient” Global Campaign.........................................................................................27

1Andres Winston C. 2Oreta, Mario De Leon: ........................................................................................27

18. Data visualization and analytics: A System Dynamics approach.............................................28

1Jose Edgar S. Mutuc, ..........................................................................................................................28

19. Investigation on the Potential of LID in Urban Landuses in the Philippines ...........................29

1Marla Maniquiz-Redillas, 2Ned Angelo M. Santiago, 3Israel Marc Anthony, 4A. Umali, 5 5John

Christian Q. Herrera, 6Manuel Luis M. Ubaldo, 7Rey Frias ..................................................................29

20. Developing Teaching And Learning Modules For A Disaster Readiness And Risk Reduction

(Dr&Rr) Subject ...................................................................................................................................30

21. Hydrodynamic Modeling and Socio-Economic Survey for Flood Disaster Risk Reduction and

Preparation of Climate Resilience Guidelines .....................................................................................32

(Case Study: Jakarta, Indonesia) ..........................................................................................................32

1Tusy Augustine Adibroto, 2Yus Budiyono, Pini Wijayanti, 3Reba Anindyajati Pratama, 4Rizky

Pratama Adhi .......................................................................................................................................32

22. Comparing the Availability and Features of Disaster-themed Web-Mapping Provided by

Different Levels of Government: A Case Study of Indonesia ..............................................................33

1Kartika Puspita Sari , , 2Hidehiko Kanegae .........................................................................................33

1Graduate Student Graduate School of Policy Science - Ritsumeikan University, 2Professor,

Graduate School of Policy Science - Ritsumeikan University, .............................................................33

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23. Understanding the dynamics of climate-related risk and the role of spatial planning in

Thailand ...............................................................................................................................................34

24. Disaster Resilience and Challenges in Sustainable Development-Approach and Assessment

of Shyamnagar and Tala upazila of Bangladesh ..................................................................................35

1Gulsan Ara Parvin, 2Rajib Shaw and 3Hajime Nakagawa ..................................................................35

25. Building Climate Resilience for the flood prone city of Bhubaneshwar using Spatial Planning

measures .............................................................................................................................................36

1Omkar Parishwad, 2Avik Mondal .......................................................................................................36

26. Correlating school dropout rate of children with climate induced disaster ...........................37

1Amrit prasad sharma .........................................................................................................................37

27. BASIEC: A coastal climate service awareness framework for community-based adaptation to

rising sea-levels ...................................................................................................................................38

1Saleem Khan Amsad Ibrahim Khan, 2Sabuj Kumar Mandal and 3Sudir Chella Rajan ........................38

28. Determinants of Flood Mitigation Choices and Decisions Patterns Among Household in Low

Income Community: Case Study of Budalangi, Kenya. .......................................................................39

29. Factors influencing women to be more vulnerable in post-disaster situation: a case of

Tamilnadu state ...................................................................................................................................40

30. Citizen science for smart water solution in southwestern part of Bangladesh ......................41

1Md. Anwarul Abedin, 2Bhaswati Ray and 3Rajib Shaw 1Agricultural University, Bangladesh. 2University of Calcutta, India. Professor, 3Keio University, Japan. .....................................................41

31. Pre-Hospital Trauma Care in developing countries ................................................................42

1Elsadig Eltigani Elhag, Sudan .............................................................................................................42

32. Sustainable Development, DRR and Disaster Resilience ........................................................43

33. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment Model for GIS based Seismic Risk Study in

Thiruvananthapuram City....................................................................................................................44

1Velapgy Madhu Mohan and 2E S M Suresh ........................................................................................44

34. Strengthening Disaster Resilience for Sustainable Development in the SAARC Region: Need

for Better Regional Collaborative Strategies, Cooperation and Coordination Mechanisms in South

Asia 45

Bhaskara Rao Mulam ..........................................................................................................................45

35. Sustainability of Hydropower Plant Under Highly Competitive Land Uses In The Catchment

AreaCase of Koto Panjang HEPP, Sumatra, Indonesia ........................................................................46

1Yonariza, 2Rudi Febriamansyah, 3Mahdi and 4Bevi Astika Andiny .....................................................46

Universitas Andalas, Padang – Indonesia ............................................................................................46

36. Framing the Determinants of Vulnerability in Malawian Communities: A Multi Hazard

Perspective from Karonga District. 1Tamara Faith Kamanga , 2Sarintip Tantanee , 3Faidess

Dumbizgani Mwale , 4Panu Buranajarukorn .......................................................................................47

37. Sustainable Means for Evacuation in Case of Natural Disaster ..............................................48

38. Bangkok facing a challenge to stay resilient to climate change: more or less flood control? 49

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39. Looking back and thinking ahead: lessons lerant by a garbage dump collapse in Colombo, Sri

Lanka 50

1Chathumani D. 2Wickramasinge D.D .................................................................................................50

40. Disaster, Vulnerability and Human Security: Bangladesh Perspective ...................................51

1Khan Ferdousour Rahman ..................................................................................................................51

41. Landslide Inventory and Susceptibility Mapping In Rupin Watershed Of Tons Valley, Garhwal

Himalaya, Uttarakhand........................................................................................................................52

1Vikram Sharma, , 2P.K. Champati Ray,3 Sohan Lal Chatoraj and 4A.K. Biyani ...................................52

42. Increasing importance of Disaster Management in the syllabus of craft trainees at industrial

training centres. ..................................................................................................................................53

43. Analisys of Landslides Factors at Rinjani Mountain, Lombok Island, East Nusa Tenggara

Endah Tresnasari .................................................................................................................................54

1Murni Sulastri Saripudin, 2Muhammad Agil Prasetyo ......................................................................54

44. Mainstreaming Social capital and disaster risk reduction in education curricula: a periurban

perspective ..........................................................................................................................................55

45. Water-related Disaster Risk Management in the context of Federal Nepal...........................56

1Binaya Kumar Mishra and 2Arjun Gautam .........................................................................................56

46. The Role of Universities in Helping Provide Bases for Urban Disaster Resilience Action Plans

57

1Glenn Fernandez , 2Kenji Okazaki .......................................................................................................57

47. Landslide Susceptibility Zonation Mapping using Fuzzy Gamma Operator Model in Part of

Trans-Asian Highway (Mao – Kangpokpi), Manipur ............................................................................58

1Nongmaithem Bragy Singh, 2Ramesh Veerappan .............................................................................58

48. Assesment of groundwater vulnerability in highly industrialized noyyal basin using ahp-

drastic and geographic information system........................................................................................59

49. Technology as a catalyst for better governance and resilient communities: Case of Kerala

floods, India .........................................................................................................................................60

50. Assessing Multi-temporal Surface Water Variability of Kodagu, India using Geospatial

Techniques ..........................................................................................................................................61

1Pratyush Tripathy, 2Lekha N J, Blesssing I, 3Teja Malladi ...................................................................61

51. Who’s telling the story? – The role of trusted stories in effective risk communication for

disaster resilience and sustainable development? .............................................................................62

1Stephen A. Sutton, 2Douglas Paton,3 Petra T. Beurgelt, Saut Sagala, 4Ella Meilianda ......................62

52. Quantifying the impact of Groundwater uptake rate and the subsequent alinity ingress on

agricultural productivity in the western coastal region of India .........................................................63

Anurag Kandya, Niraj Kathrani, Hemixa Patel .....................................................................................63

53. Assessment of severity and extent of cyclone damage due to GAJA cyclone in Tamil Nadu,

India 64

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54. Identification of drought intensity and development of drought resilience in the

Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, India. ..................................................................................65

1Ramanarayan Sankriti, 2Saravanan Subbarayan, 3Manjunath Aluru, 4Leelambar Singh, 5Jacinth

Jennifer J, 6Devanantham Abijith ........................................................................................................65

55. Assessment of Socio-economic status in the flood-affected region – A case study for Kerala,

India. 66

56. Determination of probabilities for landslide events- Case Study of Bhutan Himalayas .........67

1Raju Sarkar, 2Abhirup Dikshit, 3Indrajit Pal ........................................................................................67

57. Tsunami Evacuation Simulation Using an Agent-Based Model for Managing Disaster: A Case

Study of Khao Lak, Thailand ................................................................................................................68

58. Financing Disaster Losses: Possibilities of Introducing Ex-ante Risk Financing in India..........69

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Collaborator

Keio University, Japan

Miyagi University of Education, Japan

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR), Beijing, China

Organizing Committee

Dr. Indrajit Pal, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand (Chair)

Dr. Sangam Shrestha, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand (Co-Chair)

Dr. Vilas Nitivattananon, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Dr. Sarawut Ninsawat, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

***

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Advisory Committee

Prof. Pennung Warnitchai, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Prof. Nitin Kumar Tripathi, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Prof. Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan

Dr. Tabassam Raza, Philippine School of Business Administration, Manila, Philippines

Dr. Sanjay K Srivastava, UNESCAP, Bangkok, Thailand.

Prof. Mario R. Delos Reyes, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines

Dr. Aslam Perwaiz, Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre, Bangkok, Thailand

Dr. Mihir Bhatt, All India Disaster Mitigation Institute, India

Dr. Riyanti Djalante, United Nations University - Institute for the Advanced Study of

Sustainability (UN), Tokyo, Japan.

Mr. Qunli HAN, Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, Beijing, China.

Prof. Vinod Sharma, Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Iftekhar Ahmed, University of Newcastle, Australia.

Prof. Dilanthi Amaratunga, Global Disaster Resilience Centre, University of Huddersfield,

UK.

Dear Prof. Gretchen Kalonji, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction,

Sichuan University, China.

Prof. Mukand Singh Babel, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Prof. Joyashree Roy, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Dr. Mahua Mukherjee, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, INDIA.

Prof. Jayant K. Routray, Professor Emeritus, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.

Prof. Wang Guoqiang, Beijing Normal University, China

Prof. Mario T. Tabucanon, Professor Emeritus, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand and

Visiting Professor & Senior Research Fellow, United Nations University Institute for the

Advanced Study of Sustainability (UNU-IAS), Tokyo, Japan,

Dr. Madan Lall Shrestha, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, NEPAL

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Scientific Committee

Dr. Tuhin Ghosh, Jadavpur University, India

Dr. Indrajit Pal, AIT, Thailand

Dr. Sangam Shrestha, AIT, Thailand

Dr. Anil Gupta, National Institute of Disaster Management, India

Dr. Basanta Raj Adhikari, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR),

Sichuan University, China

Dr. Takashi Oda, Center for Disaster Education & Future Design, Miyagi University of

Education, Sendai, Japan

Dr. Irfan Ahmad Rana, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST),

H-12 Sector, Islamabad, Pakistan

Dr. Ranjith Dissanayake, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Sri

Lanka

Dr. Glenn Fernandez, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction (IDMR)

Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Dr. Khamarrul Azahari Razak, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia

Dr. Tjandra Setiadi, Institut Teknologi Bandung, INDONESIA

Dr. Chau Nguyen Xuan Quang, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Dr. Md. Anwarul Abedin, Laboratory of Environment and Sustainable Development,

Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh.

Dr.Tailin Huang, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Dr. Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Dr. Puvadol Doydee, Kasetsart University, Thailand

Dr. Tatsanawalai Utarasakul, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand

Dr. Yonariza, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

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ABSTRACTS

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1. Sustainable Development through Post-Disaster Reconstruction:

Foundation of Goodness, Sri Lanka

Iftekhar Ahmed,

The University of Newcastle (UON), Australia

Abstract

This paper deals with the work of a local non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Sri Lanka,

the Foundation of Goodness (FoG), illustrating how post-disaster reconstruction served as a

vehicle for achieving long-term sustainable development. The field of post-disaster

reconstruction is characterised by the demand for rapid rebuilding and repair of housing and

infrastructure, with a multitude of international and local agencies engaged over the immediate

and short term in response to this demand. After a level of recovery has been achieved, most

agencies move on elsewhere to address other priorities and rarely engage in strongly supporting

the transition from recovery to long-term sustainable development. The literature widely points

to post-disaster reconstruction offering a window of opportunity to “build-back-better” and

enabling community resilience and sustainable development. However, real real-world

examples of that paradigm are limited; thus, the achievements of FoG are unique and offer

valuable lessons.

The island country of Sri Lanka with extensive coastal communities was among the most

severely impacted countries by the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami, with more than

a million people affected, more than 35,000 people killed and almost 150,000 houses destroyed

or damaged. The widespread devastation and consequent displacement of coastal communities

spurred many reconstruction programs by various international and national agencies. The

village of Seenigama in the southern district of Galle was the base of a local NGO called the

Foundation of Goodness (FoG). After the terrible devastation in the village by the tsunami,

FoG gained support from several national and international donors to rebuild the community.

Over a thousand houses were constructed and repaired by FoG in Seenigama and nearby

villages. Surrounding the FoG headquarters, there were four resettlement ‘villages’ with new

housing, community infrastructure and services. In this paper with the reconstruction work

around the FoG headquarters is discussed, focusing on the largest one, Victoria Gardens,

showing how the post-disaster reconstruction resulted in long-term sustainable development.

The project underscored the significance, and perhaps necessity, of an integrated community

development approach that catered to the various needs of the community. It represented a

systems approach where housing was linked to infrastructure, facilities, services and

livelihoods. A key lesson is the long-term support provided to the community by the

implementing agency embedded within the community. In this way, in addition to addressing

the immediate post-disaster reconstruction needs, FoG was able to cater to the needs of the

community that evolved and changed over time. It must be kept in mind that this project was

implemented after a huge tsunami disaster in a developing country that was being torn apart in

a prolonged civil war, hence it also had it challenges. Nonetheless it demonstrates that if there

is sincere commitment, even in such adverse circumstances positive results can be achieved.

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2. Exploring ‘data gaps’ in minimizing disaster impacts: A case study in

Ratnapura District in Sri Lanka

R. M. Wasantha Rathnayake,

University of Sri Lanka, BelihulOya, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Sri Lanka’s attention towards disaster management has increased after the Indian Ocean tsunami

of December 2004. In order to achieve the sustainable development goals, it is important that

any development project proposed by sector agencies includes measures to conserve

environmental resources and reduce potential disaster risks. Most of the development agencies

have not considered the environmental data, particularly related to biodiversity, climate change,

and land degradation, from the design phase of a project to its implementation. It is obvious that

according to the official and non-official records maintained by the government agencies, some

of development projects have failed and resulted with disasters due to lack of data and data

collection, data storing and data sharing in different stages in the project cycle. The objective of

the present study to explore the gaps in environmental and disaster related data collection,

storing and sharing at sub national level in Sri Lanka in order to lessen the disaster impacts. It

is believed that data fields mentioned under Sendai Framework outlines and Rio Conventions

i.e. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Convention of

Biological Diversity (CBD) and United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Land

Degradation, Desertification and Drought provide the sufficient data base for the decision

makers to take decisions to lessen the disaster impacts of their development projects. Ratnapura

District in Sri Lanka was selected as the study site and all relevant stakeholder agencies were

visited and conducted the stakeholder meetings. It is found that each institution collects, stores

and shares data/information relevant to their mandate and functions. Data are collected by each

institution and stored in different formats and there is not proper data sharing mechanism. Most

of the data have not been collected by each institution according to the data fields mentioned

under Rio Conventions. Accordingly, data availability for the required data fields mentioned

under the above conventions is at not satisfactory level. There is no district level central data

base found at the District Secretariat or any Divisional Secretariat. Further, the relevant

institutions are not familiar with Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.

According to findings policy directions can be proposed to provide a proper training on

awareness of Sendai Framework and Rio Conventions and required data fields under them.

Based on the data fields mentioned in Sendai Framework and three Rio conventions a particular

format (data incorporative format) should be developed for collecting and storing relevant data.

Monthly/ quarterly planning committee meetings have to be arranged in the District Secretariat

in order to discuss the feasibility of proposed development projects and take decisions based on

collected environment and disaster data.

Key words: Sendai Framework, Rio Conventions, Sustainable development, Disaster data

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3. Acting under the uncertainty of flooding: Firms’ exposure and

adaptation strategies in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

1Roxana Leitold ,2Javier Revilla Diez,

University of Cologne Institute of Geography

Abstract:

As the latest IPCC report (2014) postulates, the risk of flooding in coastal megacities is rapidly

rising. Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) lately experienced huge flooding in November 2018. The

economic powerhouse of Vietnam provides an appropriate example for a location facing

manifold challenges due to its exposure to multi-hazards and notably high levels in current

flooding. Simultaneously, the ongoing process of rapid industrialization is characterized by the

considerable growth of small- and medium enterprises (SMEs) within the urban area. As they

are characterized by hard-to-change infrastructure and a strong dependence on the down- and

upstream supplier system, particularly firms in the manufacturing sector are at the frontline in

terms of loss and damage caused by flooding. Even if individual business losses are often not

precisely quantified, the negative impact of flooding on manufacturing firms is identifiable.

Recently, there has been extensive research on flood risk governance, risk adapted land use

planning and the impact of flooding events on community and household welfare. Likewise, the

research on damage evaluation of firms is burgeoning within the last years, but the state of the

art widely neglects firms’ exposure and response to flood events particularly in developing

countries. Although political frameworks like the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction 2015-2030 are highlighting firms as important actors for implementing an integrative

flood risk governance, a clear understanding of how firms develop adaptation strategies has

been sparsely addressed. Against this backdrop, we call for an improved understanding of firms’

response to the uncertainty of flooding, applying a more actor-centred and risk-anticipative

perspective. Drawing on in-depth interviews with SMEs in HCMC in 2018, we first examine

the exposure to floods of firms in the manufacturing sector and reveal that floods are a recurrent

stressor for SMEs threatening their viability. Second, we develop a business adaptation

framework by systemizing already implemented and prospectively planned adaptation measures

in order to support decision makers and administrative bodies in future planning policies and

long-term adaptation strategies.

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4. Role of Education in Climate Change Adaptation Strategies: An evidence

from Nepal

1Madhu Sudan Gautam, 2Shyam Kumar Basnet:1

Kathmandu University School of education, Kathmandu, Nepal,2International Institute for Applied

Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.

Abstract

This paper examines the role of education on adoption of climate change adaptation (CCA)

strategies at farm level in Nepal. In the recent decade, the severity of climate risk due to extreme

weather has been ever-increasing in the developing countries. The National Adaptation

Programme of Action (NAPA), followed by a series of Local Adaptation Plan of Actions

(LAPAs), has developed CCAs in coordination with local governments to increase grassroots

participation. However, the adoption of CCAs has still been sluggish due to farm-household

characteristics such as sex, ethnicity and social structure (Nagoda & Nightingale, 2017). The

present study investigates the role of education in adoption of CCA strategies in Nepal. In this

process, we analyze households’ perceptions on changing weather over last two decades and the

impact on agriculture production. We use the data collected in National Climate Change Impact

Survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. The surveyed data consists

of 5060 households of 28 districts of Nepal, ranging high Hills to the plain Terai region. For

econometric analysis, we apply the propensity score matching (PSM) to assess the impact of

education on adoption of CCAs in Nepal. The PSM is commonly used to assess the impact of

technology intervention, as it constructs a suitable counterfactual to mitigate biases from

observable and unobservable variables (R. Khandker, Gayatri B., & Hussain A., 2010).

The results show the farmers have been experiencing a shift in monsoon pattern, extreme

temperature (increase in summer and decrease in winter) and more incidence of insects, pests

and disease. Majority of survey attendants reported delayed monsoon in summer by 3.43 weeks

and winter rainfall by 2.11 weeks, causing adverse effects on agricultural production. Under

the changing weather, the adoption of CCAs is essential to mitigate the climate risk. Our analysis

shows socioeconomic factors play key role in increasing access to education, which ultimately

influences the adoption of CCA strategies. In the sample, about 24% respondents were educated

and showed preferences on adopting the conservation strategies such as soil & water

conservation and flood & landslide risk reduction initiatives. Cropping system management and

intensification are mainly adopted by less-educated households, as they are less-aware of

potential consequences of intensification strategies such as increased use of chemical fertilizers,

pesticides and supplemental irrigation. The findings show a significant role of education in

mitigating the negative effects of climate change through CCAs, comprising of conservation

strategies.

Key words: education, climate change, adaptation, risk, Nepal

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5. Application of low-cost community based Landslide Early Warning

Systems in the Nepal Himalaya.

1THAPA, Prakash Singh and 2ADHIKARI, 3BASANTA RAJ : 1

Department of Forest and Soil Conservation., Kathmandu, Nepal . 2Institute of Disaster Management

and econstruction, Sichuan University, China,3Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Nepal

Abstract

Landslide is one of the major natural disaster for rural communities in Nepalese Himalaya which

takes huge number of lives destructing infrastructures and livelihood systems. Increasing

population and rural-urban migration with unmanaged settlement in recent years are influencing

factors for big loss of life and property every year. To address this problem, Community Based

Landslide Early Warning System (CBLEWS) has been piloted in one of the major landslides in

Nepal to understand the surface dynamics and relations between rainfalls with surface

movement. Altogether 495 people from 117 households are being benefited from this system.

The system consists of microcontroller and interfacing circuit, extensometer, Solar panel, Siren

and soil moisture sensor with rain gauge stations. This instrument is very simple and can be

easily operated by community however landslide monitoring is a complex process where

technical skill and communication skill should amalgamate together for preparedness and

effective disaster risk reduction. This system has successfully worked in this monsoon and

people have saved their life. The system has recorded soil moisture, displacement and rainfall

which is very important to understand the threshold for the early warning in the mountains.

Keywords: Landslide, Disaster Risk Reduction, Early Warning System, Community

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6. Relationship Between Soil Erosion And Water Quality, Pesticide Residues

of Uma Oya Watershed, Sri Lanka

1B.A.R.H. Dias, 2E.P.N. Udayakumara, 2J.M.C.K. Jayawardana, 4S. Malavipathirana

and 5D.A.T.W.K. Dissanayake

1,2,3,4Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, 5Residue Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Technology

Institute, 363, Bauddhaloka Mawatha,

Colombo 07, Sri Lanka.

Abstract

Soil erosion is one of the major threats which affect the productivity of agricultural lands and

the quality of water in river catchments. Quantification of soil loss owing to human-induced soil

erosion and its impact on water quality of surrounding water bodies are important in decision

making in catchment management. Hence, the present study was carried out during the month

of December, 2017 aiming to quantify soil erosion rates at selected sub-watersheds and to

establish their relationship with water quality of the watershed.

Soil erosion rates of the Uma Oya watershed were calculated using the Integrated Valuation of

Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) model with the

support of the ArcGIS environment. Water quality parameters viz. Electrical conductivity, pH,

Temperature, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity, Total Dissolved

Solids, Total Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia, Phosphate, Sulphate,

Iron and Fluoride were analyzed for water samples collected from ten selected sampling

locations in the watershed. Water and sediment samples were further analyzed for residues of

organo chlorines (OCs) and organo phosphates (Ops) pesticides using Gas Chromatography–

Electron Capture Detector and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry.

Soil erosion rates of sub-watersheds varied between 34.9–648.6 t/ha/yr and average soil erosion

for the watershed was 121.5 t/ha/yr (SD=358.6). Pearson’s correlation test was conducted to

identify the relationship between soil erosion and water quality parameters of each sub-

watershed. A moderate positive correlation between soil erosion and Electrical Conductivity (R2

=0.2) was detected. None of the water and sediment samples contained pesticide residues at

respective limits of detection (LODs). Results of the study demonstrate that the soil erosion

rates of the Uma Oya sub-watersheds are 7 to 130 times faster than the soil loss tolerance in Sri

Lanka (5 t/ha/yr). Findings of the study suggest that implementation of sustainable watershed

management options such as establishment of buffer zones of streams and design management

practices that lead to maximize soil retention are crucial in order to curtail soil erosion and to

enhance the quality of the watershed.

Keywords: Soil erosion, ArcGIS, chromatography, InVEST SDR model, productivity,

reforesting.

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7. Financing Disaster Losses: Possibilities of Introducing Ex-ante Risk

Financing in India

1Vikrant Panwar,2Subir Sen

1,2Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee.

Abstract

India remains one the most disaster prone country in the world since it is covered by various

layers of risks, hazards and vulnerabilities. The recurring natural disasters pose serious threats

to its fiscal and economic stability by causing widespread human and economic losses. Yet, the

financial arrangement against natural disasters in India have relied upon a reactive approach for

decades, consisting of budgetary (re)allocations and donor assistances. As a result, most of the

financial burden following a natural disaster is borne by the central and the respective state

governments. Despite India’s commitment towards Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction (SFDRR), the financial arrangements against natural disasters are still largely based

on the ex-post funding mechanisms with almost non-existent support from the private sector. In

addition to the uncertainty attached to the existing sources of disaster financing, the prospects

of such sources to provide a timely funding in the times of post-disaster response and recovery

phases are very grim, which we have seen time and again in India. In this backdrop, we examine

India’s disaster risk reduction and management strategies through the lenses of financial

preparedness against natural disasters. We review some of the global best practices in disaster

risk financing and compare them with those adopted by India to identify the potential gap in

financing disasters and the subsequent need for disaster-related funding. Finally, we explore the

possibilities of introducing alternate measures of disasters risk financing such as insurance and

catastrophic bonds. In this study, we highlight a significant disaster-related funding gap in India

both at the central and the state government’s levels. The findings of this study encourage the

policy makers to take the private sector on board to share and absorb the disaster losses more

effectively. The policy makers should consider developing a mix of both ex-ante and ex-post

disaster financing measures rather than relying on the latter alone. Such an arrangement will not

only be in the spirit of the third priority action (investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience)

of the SFDRR, but also ensure India’s adherence to the sustainable development goals.

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8. Assisting Public During Disasters with Android Application‘Disaster

Prep’

1Parul Saini , 2Vrinda Bharti, 3Dr. Randeep Singh Saini

1,2Panjab University, Chandigarh, 3Managing Director Green Economy Initiatives Private Limited

Abstract

Keeping in consideration increasing frequency of disasters like flash floods, typhoons,

earthquakes, dust storms, tsunami etc. there is a need to empower the people living in prone

areas in access to prior warnings as well as to face a natural calamity, and help them in seeking

assistance when the inevitable happens. Though the authority’s tries to do all possible efforts to

prevent loss of lives, still a handy solution with the general public can go a long way in this

direction. ‘Disaster Prep’ is an android application designed keeping in mind to provide the

above stated assistance to public. With the motto of "Be disaster aware, take action to prepare"

we have incorporated features like ‘Near by’, ‘My plan’, ‘SOS alert’, ‘Weather search bar’,

‘Do’s and Dont’s’, ‘Helpline’, that cater to various needs of a common man during a disaster.

A ‘Near by’ feature allows the user to find hospitals, police stations and safe centers in the

vicinity. Generally while travelling a person is not aware of their surroundings. Therefore this

feature allows user to seek help and medical facilities in unknown surroundings. ‘My plan’

feature allows user to make a personalized list of important items. This checklist allows them to

gather important items during emergency. A special ‘Helpline’ feature has phone details of

ambulance, fire stations, police stations for all countries. This offline feature allows user to find

emergency contact details while travelling and in absence internet connection. ‘SOS alert’

feature fetches the user current location and sends an alert to the contacts saved by user. It sends

the location of user which can help to keep a track of the user’s last whereabouts. This can be

helpful in tracking people which at times get buried in debris and can’t be located. It even

produces a sound alert after an interval so as to draw attention. We have also included a ‘Weather

search bar’ that connects the user to the meteorological website of their country and allows them

to see the current weather trends and important announcements and warnings. Another offline

feature has been included that has a list of ‘Do’s and Dont’s’ and special instruction videos for

different types of disasters and the measures to be taken when the disaster strikes. The dashboard

retrieves latest weather news around the world and displays it to the user. We aim to accomplish

this by fetching the data from twitter and pre-processing it. We also aim to analyze the satellite

data and make predictions about disasters in our application.

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9. Analysing Disaster Events: An Urban Metabolism Perspective to

Disaster Causation

1Tailin Huang

Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.

Abstract

Cities are open systems growing and sustaining themselves like living organisms. Biologically,

all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and matters, and by regulating

their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition. Ecologically, urban

organisms rely on the natural ecosystem that provides life-sustaining services to survive. With

rapid population growth and urban expansion, however, the efficiency of the natural ecosystem

services is difficult to sustain this trend of urbanization. Therefore, human beings use technology

to build various infrastructure systems such as life-support pipelines, logistics facilities, and

service networks to improve the efficiency of ecosystem services, transform energy and

resources, and create values in order to support the growth of the urban organisms.

We define a disaster as a natural or human-made hazard resulting in “an event” of significant

physical damage or destruction, loss of life or drastic change to the systems. The perception of

disaster as an event implies that it has a point of beginning and an end. Therefore, we analyze

the disaster concerning the occurrence of the event, that is, before, during and after its onset. As

illustrated in the critical realist framework of causation, the unsafe conditions of our urban

systems as a whole emerge out of the workings of the underlying structures. Given the unsafe

conditions, the onset of a disaster is contingent on triggering hazards, be it natural or human-

made.

The unfolding process of disaster starts from problematic metabolism of the urban systems

leading to internal functional disorder, or dynamic pressures; that in turn manifest as symptoms

or warning signs, which jointly determine the system’s conditions at the time. Hazards, by

definition, are things that can cause risk or danger; in critical realist term, hazards are also

mechanisms that trigger the escalation of the already unsafe conditions into a state of crisis or

emergency. Hazards are not necessarily extrinsic. Depends on the coping actions, the outcomes

of the crisis and emergency events eventually impact on the urban metabolism creating further

underlying causes of the disaster. That, in turn, deteriorates the system structure and starts

another disaster cycle.

The deconstruction of disaster events into a form of disturbances that affect the metabolism of

urban systems is an important step to analyze disaster events further and learning from them.

We believe that the purpose of disaster management is not only the protection of the physical

urban structures and population but also to ensure the overall circulation of the critical

substances and services, i.e., the urban metabolism, in the urban systems.

Keywords: Urban Metabolism, urban disaster, disaster causation, disaster management,

critical-substance circulation

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10. Culture of consumption and climate change: An anthropological inquiry

1Hari Charan Behera

Indian Statistical Institute Giridih, Jharkhand

Abstract

Culture has changed from simpler to complex form as there is change in beliefs, perception,

habit, custom, knowledge, and technology adoption like other cultural traits. In the process of

cultural evolution knowledge and innovations are increasingly applied for material gain and

consumption. This leads to a new form of consumerism, which is increasingly manifested with

material culture. This is seen as an attempt to compromise with the practice of conservation and

restraint. New consumerism has created a demand for new means and mode of production,

distribution and utilization. There is competition for rising consumption level at the cost of

natural resources. For instance, increasing coal, minerals and fossil fuel extraction to support

distribution has severely exploited the existence of natural resources. Thus, increasing

materialism, which is competitive in nature, has as an adverse effect on climate change. It has

subsequently ruined traditional culture including norms, values, customs and practice of

conservation. This provides further scope to re-examine Leslie White’s description about culture

or cultural evolution as interaction of three systems1. White introduced a formula C=ET in

which C represents the degree of cultural development, E signifies measure of energy consumed

per capita per year, and T is the measure of efficiency of technical factors in utilizing energy2.

New material culture has sharply divided the society between rich and poor. The material

consumption has increased tremendously in developed and developing countries. Today, an

American consumes highest energy, more than 16 times an Indian does and twice a European

does (Narain & Bhusan, 2015). Simultaneously it has affected terribly to the other third world

countries. There is growing inequality between the individuals who can control and the

individuals who are controlled in the event of increasing material manifestation. This inequality

reflects in the groups, communities, societies and the nations. A fact is that the developed

nations have already emitted highest GHG (green house gas) due to rapid increase in energy

consumption. New consumerism has been a global phenomenon and there is no restraint to it

despite adverse climatic effect. The paper is primarily based on a theoretical approach to discuss

how consumer culture affects climate change. The author re-examines Leslie White’s

description about cultural change and material manifestation. The paper is descriptive in nature.

The author addresses concern about uncontrolled expansion of material culture and

consumerism. Thus, there is a need for collective consciousness and restraint to consumer

behavior which can reduce adverse effect on climate change.

Keywords: culture, consumerism, Leslie White, climate change

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11. Willingness to Pay for Insurance against Natural Disasters

1Subir Sen

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract:

Catastrophic events affect lives and livelihoods, alarming individuals and societies to address

covariate risks. Natural and man-made disasters led to estimated economic loss of USD 175

billion in 2016 (SwissRe, 2017). Insurance losses reported in the study was USD 54 billion,

much higher compared to USD 7.5 billion in 2001, with Asia suffering the highest losses. The

Indian state of Uttarakhand has been witnessing natural disasters and their numbers have

increased in recent decade. The disasters common in this hilly state are landslides, forest fires,

earthquakes, seasonal floods, flash floods and cloudburst. However, due to its sparse population

distribution, the impact of disasters in terms of severity is often difficult to assess. In June 2013,

the state faced the second most extreme event in terms of human cost. A sudden flood caused

around 6000 deaths and almost paralysed the state economy. One of the key observations

following the deluge of Kedarnath was the need for a holistic approach towards disaster risk

management in the state (Rautela, 2013). Given that such natural disasters heavily impact

government finances, the first objective of this study is to analyse the local level disaster

preparedness and willingness of households to participate in a catastrophic insurance

programme. Second, we assess the willingness to pay for hypothetical property-liability

insurance. Final objective is to identify the factors affecting the choice in favour of insurance as

well as the willingness to pay. The role of non-governmental and voluntary organisations in

extension of risk management services is also explored. Earlier studies focussed on issues like

preparedness against disasters, vulnerability, adaptation, mitigation, and resilience, etc. Few

studies exist on understanding risk preferences of the affected communities. Studies in the area

of climate change and disasters have been either sector specific (for example Sivakumar and

Motha (2007) deal with the agricultural sector) or economy specific (for example, Rabindranath

and Sathaye (2002) on developing economies). These studies dealt with the broader issues of

adaptation and mitigation but did not delve deeper into micro issues like preferences of

individual for risk management and payment for risk management services. Diaz and Murnane

(2008) looked into the societal aspect via analysis of observational data and climate model

simulations. Works by Cummins and Mahul (2009), Grossi and Kunreuther (2005), Froot

(1999) are important in understanding the available financial strategies to cope with climate

extremes as well as learn the experiences of countries having such financing tools in place. The

extensive review of literature motivated the methodology of the study especially for designing

and planning of field survey and analysis of data. Ganderton et al. (2000), Botzen et al. (2012,

2009), Wang et al. (2012), Arshad et al. (2015), Sawada (2017) are few important studies further

strengthening the methodology adopted for this study. The outcome of this survey and the

consequent statistical analysis are helpful for the insurance industry, policy makers and

practitioners in the domain of disaster risk reduction in general and risk transfer in particular.

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12. Disaster Resilient Development in South and South East Asia: The

Politico-Diplomatic Equations of Regional Cooperation

1Satabdi Das

South South Calcutta Girls’ College, Kolkata, India

Abstract:

Background: Disasters and resultant losses of lives, properties, displacements are increasing

across regions today. The growth and development have been jeopardized due to such

occurrences. Disaster resilient development that underscores mainstreaming concerns for

climate variability and resultant disasters in development decision making is the urgency of the

time.

Objectives : Against this backdrop the study concentrates on the South and South East Asian

region and highlights the following issues:

• The recent trends, impacts and status of disaster risks in South and South East Asian regions

and how they have impacted the development frameworks of the countries ;

• The significance of risk reduction by controlling the inherent drivers of vulnerability

generated inside development.The issues related to the disaster risk management that can be

identified as priority areas for resilient development in these regions;

• The politico-diplomatic equations of regional cooperation for disaster resilience;

• The comparative analysis of SAARC and ASEAN countries’ efforts and success pertain to

resilience.

Methodology : The study employs descriptive analytical and comparative methods.The

growing incidence of disasters in South and South East Asian region includes earthquakes in

Nepal and Afghanistan, tropical cyclones, forest fires and haze in South East Asia, floods in

India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Tsunami in Indonesia.Climate change and disasters

are cross cutting issues having multidimensional developmental effects. They augment the

scales of poverty, intensify inequalities and exacerbate the food and water insecurity which may

reverse ages of development progress in these regions.Disaster risk reduction strategies must be

a part of broader developmental framework involving community specific indigenous

knowledge.Sustainability requires building a coherent nexus among environmental resource

management, development and social equity that has also been distracted by the increasing pace

of disasters. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs), and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change of 2015 have identified the need to

embed disaster risk resilience as an essential part of sustainable development.As disasters have

trans boundary and spillover socio political and cross cultural repercussions, they involve

multiple stakeholders across the regions. Regional cooperation is effective in framing strategies

to confront transboundary climate hazards. The political and diplomatic equations often

determine the avenues of cooperation and actions at the regional level. In South Asia, armed

conflicts and bilateral political antagonisms, rivalry over shared resources and for market

capture have minimized the scope of cooperation in preventing disasters. Military spending tops

the budget of many of the SAARC countries. In comparison ASEAN is more successful in cross-

border cooperation on disasters to build upon. It developed the iconic legally-binding regional

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framework on disaster management. Efforts to build the Southeast Asia Disaster Risk Insurance

Facility ((SEADRIF)) is also a milestone. However, both sub-regions are often active in

emergency response rather than investing in risk reduction like improving early warning system

and building resilient development.

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13. Railway Accidents Scenarios Analysis: Human Factor Based Review

1Sanghamitra Poddar, 2Subhash Chandra Panja Malay 3Gangopadhyaya, 4Sankar

Narayan Patra, 5Debashis Sarkar

1,3Institute of Engineering & Management, Sector 5, Salt Lake, India ,2,4Jadavpur University, 5Asansol

Engineering College, Asansol, India

Abstract

Keeping world economic growth under consideration, railways in most of the cases form the

backbone of network of transportation of any country. Railways, in general, is a huge system

involving complex infrastructure which is managed by human resources coming from various

socio-economic background and culture. Safety in railways is the most vital aspect to be

considered keeping in view the human life and collateral assets at stake. It is the human resource

involved who are majorly responsible to run such a humongous complex system maintaining

punctuality and safety but, it is observed that in most of the cases the work life balance, working

conditions of the workers are not taken in to consideration. Due to this lack of awareness and

concern, even the basic requirements and needs of the workers are ignored leading to failures

due to human errors. This paper has tried to investigate in depth the causes behind railway

accidents, the losses involved, including human life and physical assets considering both

European and Indian scenarios. A comparative study is done in this research work between the

railway accidents occurring in both the nations in the following sections and hence, highlighting

the importance of human factors which ultimately affects the performance of the workers

involved in the maintenance work of the railway system focusing on the coach and bogie

section, in particular. According to the data collected after extensive investigation, it is found

that in European railways in a span of 10 years (1990-1999) and (2000-2009) total number of

fatal accidents have significantly reduced from 43 to 15, whereas in India in the similar time

span viz. (2010-2018) almost 120 fatal accidents occurred every year. The purpose of

investigating an accident in this regard is to identify the safety measures of railways and to

prevent further accidents by improving the performance of the human resource involved in the

day to day monotonous hectic work. One of the most adopted ways to investigate an accident

or incident is by identifying the prime causes of accidents and other causal factors contributing

to the event or has made the outcome worse, followed by few recommendations to improve

overall railway safety in future. Based on the study of extensive literature survey, this work

reviews the human factors and stressing their importance which are primarily responsible for

accidents in railways all over the world.

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14. Economic Impacts of Drought and Subsequent Relief in Madhya

Pradesh- A district level analysis

1Ashish Sharma

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT Roorkee, India

Abstract:

The majority of districts in Madhya Pradesh, the second largest state in India by area faces

drought recurrently for the last thirty years. More than half of the districts in the state have less

irrigation capacity compared to the state average that is available to bridge the rainfall

deficiency. This makes the state in general and these districts relatively more vulnerable to

drought risk. The relief policy of the state with respect to the drought are primarily designed to

cater the immediate consumption needs of the affected population, ignoring the long-term

mitigation measures. Therefore, the present study aims to analyse the impact of the moderate

and severe droughts and post-disaster relief impact on the aggregate, agricultural, secondary and

tertiary sectors of the districts economy. The study examined 8 years (2005-2012) employing

system GMM and resulted in balanced panel data for 45 selected districts of Madhya Pradesh.

The results suggest that severe drought has significant negative impact on the aggregate,

agricultural, secondary as well as service sector growth whereas the drought relief has neutral

impact on all the sectors of the economy. Further, the sub-analysis for the high and less irrigated

districts confirm that severe drought affect the agricultural growth, whereas the moderate one

impact the aggregate growth for the less irrigated districts. The economic growth of the high

irrigated districts are not at all affected. These findings may have a few important policy

implications. First, that the state must further increase the irrigation facilities in order to

minimize the drought impact on the agriculture sector. With more development and state

support, the irrigation equipped, drought resilient districts, may withstand the drought risk or

further minimize its impact. Second, the government must also ensure that the drought-relief

funds are effectively utilized. The funds, if effectively utilized, will generate employment and

create the productive assets. Finally, there is an immediate need to look the drought management

in the context of development rather than in isolation. This may help the state government to

achieve not only the short-term relief objectives but also the long- term sustainable development

goal of the state.

Keywords: Droughts, Relief, Development, Mitigation, Economic growth

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15. The Role of Coastal Polder In Sustainable Agricultural Development And

Prevention Of Salinity Intrusion In Bangladesh—A Case Study

1Swarnali Mahmood1 and 2Abul Fazal M. Saleh

1University of Barishal, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh,2Bangladesh University of Engineering and

Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh,

Abstract

With the objective of protecting the agricultural lands against tidal flooding and saltwater

intrusion, construction of coastal embankments, called polders, was initiated during 1960s. The

coastal zone of Bangladesh includes 139 polders nowadays. A comparative study was conducted

to assess the agricultural water management and profitability of common crops as well as the

soil and water salinity status in both polder and non-polder areas through with-without

comparison. For this study, Polder 30 and an area similar to Polder 30, but not yet protected by

polder, both located in Batiaghata upazila of Khulna district in the south-west coastal region of

Bangladesh, were selected. Measurements of on-farm irrigation water use were conducted for

three common Rabi crops (i.e. Boro rice, sesame and mungbean) in selected farmers’ fields. The

actual crop water requirements were computed through CROPWAT software. Profitability

analysis in terms of benefit-cost ratio was conducted for selected Rabi crops as well as Aman

rice through farmers’ field survey. The salinity levels of selected agricultural soils and irrigation

water sources were also measured in both areas. From the comparative water management

analysis of the farmers, the average field water use of Boro rice in the polder was more or less

in line with the water requirement whereas the average water use of Boro rice in the non-polder

area exceeded the water requirement. The field water uses of both non-irrigated sesame and

irrigated mungbean were found to be much less than the water requirement in both areas. The

benefit-cost ratio of Boro rice in the non-polder area was higher than that in the polder area,

sesame were almost the same in both areas, and mungbean in the polder area was slightly higher

than that in the non-polder area. The average yields and profitability of Aman rice in the polder

was found to be much higher than that in the non-polder area due to flood protection and water

control provided by the polder. The polder protected the land from salinity intrusion which was

evident from the lower soil and water salinity found in the polder than that in the non-polder

area.

Key words: Polder, salinity intrusion, water management, water use, profitability.

Acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge the IDRC-SAWA Fellowship Project, IWFM,

BUET, for providing financial support for this research.

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16. Main Streaming Climate Resilience in Land Use Planning: Case Study

in Malaysia Cities

1Vishanthini Kanasan,,2Dr. Mohd Sayuti Hassan

1Centre for Global Sustainable Studies ,2Universiti Sains Malaysia

Abstract

Cities play pivotal role in climate mitigation, adaptation and transformation initiatives. Self-

aware, dynamic, powerful histories and economies are fundamentals that characterises cities

that are key units of economic as well as social organisation. However, for a city to strive from

a stress driven by climate change it must display resilience. The effects of climate change are

often felt locally, whereby planning and monetary decisions are made at the local level and

climate change impacts the services provided by the local government. As such, to effectively

respond and adapt to the increasing frequency of stress and shocks, it is imperative that the Local

Government of cities as the urban managers and city planners effectively main stream climate

resilience adaptation in the planning processes of the local government. The aim of this research

is to understand and explore the challenges faced by Malaysian Local Governments in land use

planning to adapt to climate change. The second fold is to identify key defining changes needed

in Land Use Planning to facilitate climate resilience adaptation. A multi method approach was

used to gather data whereby: four session of focus group discussion were carried out

encompassing officers from Local Government planning department, state as well as federal

government officers, representatives from the property developers’ association, civil societies

and representatives from a local university. Two session of interviews were also conducted with

minister and a state executive councillor. Results showed that there are four imperative

challenges that post bigger opportunities for change that includes leadership on sustainable

development, reliability and collation of spatial and non-spatial data, the need for

transdisciplinary planning team and a climate proof land use planning approach. The findings

are great importance in determining the direction of development in a city. It not only sets out

the priority of land use for the next few decades but also the physical parameter of growth of

the city which indirectly determines the dynamism of the economy and liveability for future

sustainable cities.

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17. Identifying Research Interventions On Resilience Building Using the Ten

Essentials For “Making Cities Resilient” Global Campaign

1Andres Winston C. 2Oreta, Mario De Leon:

1Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines Assoc.2 Professor,

Dept. of Civil Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines

Abstract

The university has an important role in advancing resilience building in cities and communities

that are highly vulnerable to hazards. Research on disaster risk reduction and sustainability is

one avenue where the university can contribute to the improvement of the quality of life.

Identifying research gaps on disaster risk reduction and sustainability that will be relevant,

effective and appropriate to local government units (LGUs) is a challenge. In this regard, a team

of academic researchers at De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines conducted a research

program workshop (RPW) with the theme, “Building Resilient Cities and Communities” using

the UNISDR Global Campaign, “Making Cities Resilient-My City is Getting Ready!” as a

framework. The first phase of the campaign introduced the “Ten Essentials” for making cities

resilient based on the Hyogo Framework for Action and focuses on raising awareness and

advocacy. The campaign raised awareness to LGUs in the Philippines considering the about 217

LGUs that joined online campaign. However, among the LGUs who registered online, only four

LGUs submitted a self-assessment report using the 10 E’s which may be an indication of lack

of implementation. In 2015, the Sendai Framework for DRR was adopted and this resulted to a

shift in focus of the ten essentials to implementation support, partner engagement, investment-

cooperation opportunities, local action planning and monitoring of progress. The Sendai-based

ten essentials emphasizes the need to localize the ten essentials to advance the making cities

resilient campaign in hazard-prone countries like the Philippines. Each essential has specific

indicators and actions that must be addressed by the LGUs. This paper will present a summary

of the findings by the research team on the strengths and weaknesses of cities and municipalities

based on assessment reports from selected cities in the Philippine that submitted the first cycle

report. Moreover, recommendations on possible research interventions in connection with the

new ten essentials are also identified for future research proposals. The research team was also

instrumental in the conduct of an international workshop on “Localizing Strategies for Making

Cities Resilient” held on January 2018 in Manila, Philippines. This workshop, which was

funded, by the British Council (UK) and the Department of Science and Technology

(Philippines) engaged about 40 participants form the UK and the Philippines to discuss the

issues and strategies about the campaign and to develop networks to advance research on

resilience building.

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18. Data visualization and analytics: A System Dynamics approach

1Jose Edgar S. Mutuc,

De La Salle University,Manila, Philippines

Abstract

One of the areas in big data analytics is data visualization and analysis. In studying disaster

resilience, the implications of data trends and changes are of paramount importance. The

analysis must point to relevant if not appropriate pro-actions and preparedness to achieve the

goals of disaster management of minimizing loss of lives, property and livelihood. This paper

suggests that the system dynamics approach may be useful in analyzing data trends as well as

hypothesizing feedback loops that perpetuate actions and events that are obstacles to good

disaster management. The first part of this paper reviews some interesting data sets that suggests

common actions and events that occur during disasters. The second part explores the possible

reasons for these undesired outcomes by indentifying causal factors and feedback loops.

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19. Investigation on the Potential of LID in Urban Landuses in the

Philippines

1Marla Maniquiz-Redillas, 2Ned Angelo M. Santiago, 3Israel Marc Anthony, 4A. Umali, 5 5John Christian Q. Herrera, 6Manuel Luis M. Ubaldo, 7Rey Frias

Department of Civil Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines

Abstract

Land development can have severe adverse impacts, particularly if the land is converted from a

natural condition to a highly disturbed area with large percentages of impervious and non-native

vegetated covers. Such impacts typically include an increase in stormwater runoff volume, rate,

velocity, and pollutants that results to flooding and a corresponding decrease in the quality of

runoff and stream flow. There has been a paradigm shift from reactive hard structural

engineering strategies toward the smart growth principles of low impact development (LID).

LID is an alternative and a more sustainable and resilient design strategy that utilizes

conservation practices with distributed stormwater source controls that prevent localized

flooding and diffuse pollution to maintain or restore watershed functions. As climate changes,

these low impact mitigation strategies could help to reduce flood peaks, runoff volumes, and

pollutant loads, while increasing runoff lag times, groundwater infiltration and

evapotranspiration, and utilize captured runoff onsite as a substitute for irrigation in urban

landscapes. They are also expected to provide pollutant treatment, which has been attributed to

several processes including adsorption, decomposition, ion exchange, and volatilization. Some

of the important benefits of LID making it a more sustainable and resilient design option include

reduction in infrastructural costs for ponds, curbs, and gutter; increase of the lot yield; reduction

of life-cycle costs; and increase in marketability and property values. It can also be used to

address a wide range of wet weather flow issues, including combined sewer overflows (CSOs),

pollutant discharge elimination system, total maximum daily load (TMDL) permits, and other

Water Quality Standards.

In this paper, the LID concept, goals and benefits practiced globally will be introduced. Specific

goals and objectives are to identify key issues and environmental impacts of urbanization and

climate change; introduce the principles and current practices using LID to achieve dramatic

improvements (efficiency, affordability and sustainability) in management and restoration of

watershed hydrology; to determine the potential of LIDs in Philippine’s unique climate and

topography through modelling multiple hypothetical scenarios; and to tackle approaches and

challenges needed to be addressed in order to adopt LID in other similar countries in Southeast

Asia.

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20. Developing Teaching And Learning Modules For A Disaster Readiness

And Risk Reduction (Dr&Rr) Subject 1Renan Ma. T. Tanhueco, 2Andres Winston Oreta, 3Jose Edgar Mutuc, 4Edgar Vallar, 5Joenel Galupino, 6Lessandro Garciano, 7Mary Geraldine Yumang, 8Efren Dela Cruz

1Assoc. Professor in Civil Engineering De La Salle University, Philippines, 2Center for Engineering & Sustainable Development Research (CESDR), Disaster Resilience Lab, DLSU, Manila

ABSTRACT:

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 or Republic Act 10121

(RA10121) provides the national DRRM framework and institutionalizes the NDRRM plan

specifically the implementation of various programs that promote disaster risk reduction and

resilience building in the Philippines. Section 14 of RA 10121 is a provision requiring the

Department of Education (DepEd) and the Commission of Higher Education (CHED) to

integrate disaster risk education in school curricula. With the recent implementation of the K-

12 basic education, DepEd made DRRM education as a core subject for senior high school

(SHS) students through a course called “Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction” or DR&RR.

Integrating the DR&RR subject in the SHS curricula is a challenge to universities offering SHS

education for Grades 11 and 12. There are already available guides and textbooks developed by

DepEd and many authors but delivering the course in class is a major concern among the

teachers who will be assigned to teach the subject. There is a lack of teachers and professors

who have a background on disaster risk reduction and management since they never experienced

taking a DRRM subject except maybe a related course on earth science in high school or college.

To facilitate the offering of the DR&RR subject in the SHS curriculum at De La Salle

University, Manila, a team of faculty and graduate students who have an interest in DRRM took

the lead to develop teaching and learning modules (TLMs) for the DR&RR subject. Hence,

learning and teaching modules designed for the teacher and students were developed. Following

the DR&RR curriculum of DepEd, the TLMs consist of the following ten modules with the

corresponding content writers:

• TLM#1: Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk – Andres Winston C. Oreta

• TLM#2 : Exposure and Vulnerability – Jose Edgar Mutuc

• TLM#3: Basic Concept of Hazards – Andres Winston C. Oreta

• TLM#4: Earthquake Hazards - Joenel Galupino

• TLM#5: Volcano Hazards – Edgar Vallar with Michael Almeida

• TLM#6: Hydro-meteorological hazards 1– Renan Ma. T. Tanhueco with Salvador Oleivar

• TLM#7: Hydro-meteorological hazards 2 – Renan Ma. T. Tanhueco with Salvador Oleivar

• TLM#8: Fire hazard – Lessandro Garciano with Michael Almeida

• TLM#9: Concept of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management –Mary Geraldine Yumang

with Joseph Berlin Juanzon

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• TLM#10: Role of the State and Citizens in DRRM – Renan Ma. T. Tanhueco

The teacher’s teaching guide consist of power point presentations, list of online videos and

references while the students’ learning guide consist of notes related to the power point

presentations, suggested student class activities, individual assignments and list of online

videos. A Training of Teachers about the TLMs was conducted for the DR&RR teachers before

the offering of the subject. The TLMs (electronic copies saved in flash disk) were disseminated

to the teachers. These modules were used during the pilot offering of the subject to SHS students

in AY 2017-2018 and feedback was obtained from both teachers and students for improvement

in the next offering in AY 2018-2019.

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21. Hydrodynamic Modeling and Socio-Economic Survey for Flood Disaster

Risk Reduction and Preparation of Climate Resilience Guidelines

(Case Study: Jakarta, Indonesia)

1Tusy Augustine Adibroto, 2Yus Budiyono, Pini Wijayanti, 3Reba Anindyajati Pratama, 4Rizky Pratama Adhi

Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) Bogor Institute of Agriculture

(IPB)

Abstract

Flood disaster, especially in the northern coast of Jakarta, where the estuary of 13 rivers flow

out, are caused by natural factors, such as the intensity escalation of upstream rainfall, local

rainfall, and sea level rise; in addition to human factors, such as excessive groundwater

extraction and urbanization which results in the expansion of urban areas and land conversion

This condition induce North Jakarta became the most vulnerable area to the threat of coastal

flooding, land subsidence, and sea level rise. In 2030, it is estimated that the value of flood risk

will increase 180% rather than in 2015. At the macro level, the Bappenas study (2007) asserted

the value of losses due to flood disaster reached 5.15 trillion rupiahs (US$ 352.74 million).

While at the micro level, due to flood disaster in January 2013, the value of losses reached 2.99

million rupiahs (US$ 204.8) per household and 7.85 million rupiahs (US$ 537.7) per business

unit. On the other hand, the local community responded this recurring disaster through

adaptation efforts, which include their housing improvement. These efforts are related to the

resilience issue, which indeed needs to be continuously assessed. This paper is research

collaboration between BPPT and the Jakarta Research Council and DHI, funded by UNEP-

CTCN (Climate Technology Center & Network) in 2016-2017 in the scope of Hydrodynamic

Modeling and Socio-Economic Survey in 2 sub-districts in North and West Jakarta. The result

of this research are (1) re-wetting the northern part of Jakarta by building flood barrier

infrastructure and retention ponds; (2) creating city regeneration and rejuvenation while

preparing the community to revitalize the area through building vertical housing; and (3)

socialization to the community regarding the city development and prioritize their economic

supply chain. These results were in accordance with the request of the former Governor (at the

time when research conducted), Mr. Basuki TP. Thus, the results could be implemented. The

socio-economic study focused on looking at the resilience and potential aspects in the

framework of creating new economic activities.

Keywords: flood disaster, hydrodynamic model, socio-economic survey, and resilience

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22. Comparing the Availability and Features of Disaster-themed Web-Mapping

Provided by Different Levels of Government: A Case Study of Indonesia

1Kartika Puspita Sari , , 2Hidehiko Kanegae

1Graduate Student Graduate School of Policy Science - Ritsumeikan University, 2Professor, Graduate

School of Policy Science - Ritsumeikan University,

Abstract:

Recently, with the continuous advancement of information and communication technology,

supported by the continuation of free and open source and software geospatial information and

technology, developing nations have more chances to employ extensively spatial information in

all phases of disaster management. One of the utilizations is for disseminating information about

risks particularly those triggered by natural hazards by using web-mapping. Web-mapping

mainly is maps disseminated online, which can be divided into two types, static maps and

dynamic maps (maps with various interaction feature attached). By using Indonesia as an area

of study, this paper aims to identify the availability of these disaster-themed web maps provided

by governments in each level (national, provincial, and municipal level) and to assess the

features of these pieces of cartographic information further in selected areas. We search the

maps from the primary web pages of the governments and their subdomains and also by making

use of keyword searches. We then perform comparative content analysis and score the offered

features to compare performances of the available maps in each level of government. Findings

demonstrate that at the national level there are more wide-ranging features of online disaster

maps, while at the provincial and municipal level this situation is limited to several regions,

mostly those with historical records of high frequency or severity of disasters. Overall this study

reveals that dissemination of disaster-themed web mapping in Indonesia are still limited to the

static type ones.

Keywords: Availability, Features, Disaster-themed Web-mapping, Government, Indonesia

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23. Understanding the dynamics of climate-related risk and the role of

spatial planning in Thailand

1Joanna McMillan,2 Prof. Jörn Birkmann,

Institute of Spatial and Regional Planning, University of Stuttgart, Institute of Spatial and Regional

Planning, University of Stuttgart

Abstract

Spatial planning is key to reducing disaster risk in urban regions. While the importance of spatial

planning is increasingly recognised, integrating risk reduction into planning practices remains a

challenge. Human settlements are still being developed without appropriate consideration of

natural hazards and without adequate planning. Particularly in growing urban regions, cities are

expanding into hazard-prone areas, such as at low elevations on the coast or on floodplains. This

exposes increasing numbers of people, homes, critical infrastructure, and other structures to

hazards. Lack of planning is also leading to increased vulnerability of people and structures in

and around these areas, for example due to inadequate environmental protection, access to basic

infrastructure, or risk adaptation measures. Inappropriate urban development can also

exacerbate some hazards, for example flash floods or heatwaves.

An understanding of these interlinked factors of risk – hazard, exposure and vulnerability – is

an important basis for being able to apply appropriate instruments to reduce risk and increase

the resilience of human settlements. In order to understand risk, spatial planners need to know

what areas are exposed to what kinds of hazards and what and who is in these areas. Also

necessary is an understanding of the uncertainties inherent to hazard and risk information,

especially with regards to climate change. Worldwide, spatial planners are faced with the

challenge of finding and interpreting relevant risk information.

An investigation into climate-related risks facing human settlements is currently being

undertaken by the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning (DPT) in

Thailand, supported by researchers from Thailand and Germany. This is being done as part of

Thailand’s efforts to mainstream climate change adaptation at the sub-national level through

their risk-based National Adaptation Plan process, led by the Office of Natural Resources and

Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) and supported by GIZ. In order to trial the process

of assessing risk as a basis for spatial planning, the project team have been working on a case

study of the Andaman Coast region of Thailand, particularly Trang province and Kantang

municipality. Through this case study, we have been gathering the available risk information,

identifying gaps, considering factors of resilience and developing risk maps. In this contribution,

we will present the initial results and lessons learnt from our case study, which should be of

particular interest to other departments and organisations working on mainstreaming climate

change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into spatial planning processes.

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24. Disaster Resilience and Challenges in Sustainable Development-

Approach and Assessment of Shyamnagar and Tala upazila of

Bangladesh

1Gulsan Ara Parvin, 2Rajib Shaw and 3Hajime Nakagawa

1Researcher, Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University,Japan 2Professor, Keio

University, Japan 3Professor and Director, Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto

University, Japan

Abstract

The original concept of resilience implies the capacity to maintain a sustainable relationship

with the habitat. So, sustainability is built-in within the concept of resilience. However, disaster

resilience is a comprehensive and complex concept, since it comprises the ability to resist,

response and recover efficiently from a disaster. Resilience is one of the most popular terms in

the field of disaster researches and the most important initiative for disaster management. At the

same way, sustainable development is the most crucial to all initiatives. Therefore, disaster

resilience and sustainable development have intimate relationship. Disaster resilience can

enhance sustainable development and sustainable development can uplift disaster resilience of

a community. Considering this close relationship and importance, this study attempts to assess

disaster resilience and to identify challenges in sustainable development of two Upazilas (sub-

districts) of Bangladesh. Shyamnagar and Tala that are the two most disaster prone coastal

Upazilas of Bangladesh have been selected for this study. Structured questionnaire survey,

intensive field investigation, key-informant discussion and Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisal

(PRRA) are the main tools of data collection. This study introduces methodological approach

to assess disaster resilience of a local community. Total 10 different parameters and 50 variables

(5 variables under each parameter) are determined to assess disaster resilience of a Upazila. This

assessment also includes prioritization and ranking of 10 parameters to enhance disaster

resilience. Through PRRA this paper aims to investigate existing challenges in sustainable

development and disaster resilience. Findings show that disaster resilience level of both of the

Upazilas is not good and there exist different challenges in sustainable development of the

Upazilas. Cyclone, storm surges, tidal flood, waterlogging, salinity and arsenic problems are the

most common natural disasters and hazards in both Upazilas. In addition to the different

disasters and hazards, various challenges like poverty, poor health and sanitation, water crisis

and poor communication have contributed to low level of disaster resilience and made the pace

of sustainable development sluggish in both of the Upazilas. This study would be a guidance

for disaster resilience assessment of an area. It would also facilitate to further policy implication

and action planning for building sustainable and disaster resilient community.

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25. Building Climate Resilience for the flood prone city of Bhubaneshwar

using Spatial Planning measures

1Omkar Parishwad, 2Avik Mondal

1College of Engineering Pune, Department of Civil Engineering, Shivajinagar, Pune, India 411 005,

Senior Project Consultant, 2Ernst & Young LLP, Bhubaneshwar, India 750017

Abstract

Spatial Planning measures include consideration for sustainability as well as coordination for

spatial impacts of policies and decisions for resource allocation in a planned framework. India

remains to be one of the most challenging parts of the globe as regarding the availability of

spatial-temporal data and the capacity for artificial intelligence to derive meaningful

information, due to the spatial complexity of settlement patterns, peculiar characteristics of

building practices and deep historical stratification. We are developing with a disregard for

natural conditions such as topography, geology, hydrology, climatology, and meteorology,

which makes us highly vulnerable to extreme weather events by altering their natural coping

systems through our policies, while these are needed more than ever in the context of climate

change. The city of Bhubaneswar is highly vulnerable to flooding during normal rainfall for

even a short duration (UNDP HRVA Report, Nov 2014). The studies conducted at regional and

city level have focused on short-term structural measures which have exacerbated the situation

furthermore. This paper investigates the urban sectoral development policies with the coinciding

natural conditions for the city of Bhubaneshwar using the spatial analytical methodology. It

aims to improvise on the existing sectoral development decisions for the SDG 11 and SDG 13

targets and building the climate resilience for the city of Bhubaneshwar. Firstly, trends in the

climate-induced disasters and damage would be linked to the natural features resisting

development using both satellite imagery as well as available vector data. Metrological data

such as average rainfall, inundation, climatic conditions- with reference to the land-use,

drainage patterns, and building typology would be spatially analyzed at the city level to derive

vulnerability and hazard mapping. Lastly, spatial measures focusing on long-term mitigation

land-use proposals will be derived based on spatially analyzed results. This novel approach

towards defining spatial measures for the conditions specific to development in Indian cities is

the valued outcome of this paper. By understanding the natural processes and policy inter-

linkages, we set towards co-producing strategies and alternatives to build climate resilience

using spatial planning strategies being hitherto ignored in our development processes for our

Indian megacities.

Keywords: Urbanization, Climate Change, Spatial Planning, Sustainable Development Goals,

Climate Resilience, Spatio-temporal analysis.

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26. Correlating school dropout rate of children with climate induced disaster

1Amrit prasad sharma

Kathmandu University School of Education, Nepal

Abstract

The country’s diverse topography, fragile ecosystem and the existing poverty makes it

extremely vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change (Oxfam International, 2011).

The ultimate impact of climate change comes in the form of disaster (Sharma, 2010). It is the

children who live in the world's poorest communities, are particularly vulnerable to climate

change but in contrast if they acquire the proper knowledge they would be the good messenger

to transfer the knowledge to family and community (Plan, 2012). Today’s children bear a

disproportionate share of the climate change impact, both in the immediate and longer-term

while those of them living in marginal environments and situations of poverty are more

vulnerable still (UNICEF, 2009). This study aims to generate the first hand data on impact of

climate change and recent disaster on children's education in three villages from Raypur,

Bishariya and Rajbiraj of Saptari District, Nepal. Ultimately, this study explores the correlations

between school dropout rate of children and climate induced disaster. A total of 80 children (30

Girls and 50 Boys) from 20 child clubs were participated during focus group discussion and

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey. Altogether, there were 64 Household (HH)

surveys to know the hazard scenario and community's perception on climate change and

disaster. Both primary and secondary sources of data were collected during the study and

analyzed to determine the impact of climate change and disaster on children and established the

correlation pattern of children's education in a changing climate. Pair-wise hazard ranking

analysis in study area found flood as the first ranked disaster followed by fire, cold wave and

drought. The study found that the greater impact of disaster and climate change was on

agriculture followed by road network disturbance. This study has clearly established two ways

of correlation patterns. First, agricultural drought due to climate change was the cause reducing

the agricultural production which increased the work load of children. This work load has

enabled them for school dropout (49%). Second, seasonal flood and cold wave due to climate

change were the causes of poor school attendance that let them to school dropout (51%). This

school dropout ultimately let them for early child marriage negatively affecting the quality of

life. Radio program (32%) and street drama (24%) were the recommended means for awareness

for reducing the impact of climate induced disaster. Hazard-specific child focused disaster risk

reduction program and effective participation of children in the decision making process are two

strongly recommended measures for reducing the overall impact of disaster on children.

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27. BASIEC: A coastal climate service awareness framework for

community-based adaptation to rising sea-levels

1Saleem Khan Amsad Ibrahim Khan, 2Sabuj Kumar Mandal and 3Sudir Chella Rajan

Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indo-German Centre for Sustainability Indian Institute

of Technology Madras (IITM)

Abstract

Climate change induced sea-level rise poses serious threats to coastal regions across the world

and the communities at the low-lying coastal regions are at high risk. Building capacities of

coastal communities to adapt to sea-level rise are increasingly high priorities for low-lying

coastal regions. Climate services are believed to be a powerful mechanism to build capacities

of communities, particularly at the local level. It focuses on the connection between climate

science and public demand for information and services. In this context, this chapter

emphasizes the importance of community- based climate services that build the capacities of

local communities to prepare, manage and adapt to rising sea-levels. This study has put forth

three research questions such as (1) what services do the coastal communities require; (2) how

these services need to be delivered; (3) what are all the roles of climate services that can help

in building capacities of coastal communities and involve them in community-based

adaptation decision-making process? Following the guidelines of the Global Framework for

Climate Services (GFCS) and Fifth Assessment Report of IPCC on climate information and

services, this study has introduced BASIEC (Building capacities for Adaptation to Sea-level

rise through Information, Education and Communication for coastal communities), a coastal

climate service framework for community-based adaptation to rising sea-levels. The

framework emerges from theoretical and empirical knowledge of community-based climate

services and offers a holistic approach for integrating information, communication and

education through the lens of climate change and sea-level rise. Thus, it provides a systemic

starting point and guidance for local level coastal climate policy planners, decision-makers,

researchers and others who dwells on coastal climate services for community-based

adaptation to changing climate in general and sea-level rise in particular.

Keywords: Climate change, sea-level rise, community-based adaptation, building capacities,

coastal climate services.

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28. Determinants of Flood Mitigation Choices and Decisions Patterns Among

Household in Low Income Community: Case Study of Budalangi, Kenya.

1Odidi, Sylvan, 2Tantanee Sarintip , 3Buranajarukorn, 4Panu

Department of Civil Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Department of Industrial

Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok

Abstract

The implementation of the private flood mitigation measures at the household level has been

increasing in developing countries especially in Kenya because of the inadequacy of public

flood mitigation measures in managing the total flood risk. Hence, it causes a huge responsibility

on the households. Gaining understanding of factors that influences households’ behavior,

decisions, and choices are vital in designing flood risk communication strategies and plans to

enhance flood resilience. There are several studies which have been conducted in developed

countries such as France, USA, Austria, Germany (Richert et al 2017; Babcicky et al 2017

Osberghaus, 2015; Poussin et al, 2014; Becker et al, 2014; Brody et al 2010). There also are

other related studies have also been carried out in Asia such as in India, Pakistan, and Vietnam

(Arlikatti et al, 2018, Shah et al 2017, Bubeck et al, 2012). While, there are very few documents

of similar studies in Africa continent. This study, therefore, aims at determining how socio-

psychological and socio-economic variables influences mitigation choices and decisions among

low income communities by using case study of Budalangi, Kenya. The socio-psychological

variables include perceived self-efficacy, perceived response efficacy, flood experience,

response cost worry, perceived probability and consequences whereas socio-economic variables

include age, income, house ownership, education level, family size and gender. The data

collection has been done using closed and open questionnaires with face to face interviews from

100 households in Budalangi, Kenya. This study reveals increased understanding of the

determinants of private mitigations choices and decisions as well as make vital contributions to

the nascent literature, especially in developing countries.

Keywords: Socio-economic variables, Socio-psychological variables, Private mitigation

measures, Households, Kenya.

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29. Factors influencing women to be more vulnerable in post-disaster situation: a

case of Tamilnadu state

1Hansa Jayarathne

Department of Demography, Faculty of Arts, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

Abstract

India is one of the most vulnerable countries to natural disasters and the country has faced a

number of natural disasters in the last decade which have claimed hundredthousands of precious

lives and heavy economic losses (Gokhale, 2008). It has been observed that the impact is much

higher for women than for men (ADPC, 2010). In various disasters in South India the higher

mortality among women is evident. Existing inequalities are the root cause for women’s

disaster vulnerability. Highly vulnerable women have specific needs and interests before,

during, and after disasters. By virtue of their lower economic and social status, women tend to

be more vulnerable to disasters. The main objective of the study is to investigate factors

influencing women to be more vulnerable in post-disaster situation with a special reference to

Tamilnadu state. The study has initially based on the Villupuram block which is a part of the

Villuparam coastal district that belongs to the state of Thamilnadu in South India. This study

has utilized 10 case studies to be carried out using qualitative approach and 6 interviews with

key informants in the area who have worked during the disaster situations.The participants of

the case studies have been both males and females, whose female family member has been

affected by a natural disaster either through death or serious injury. It has been recognized by

the study that women become more vulnerable after a disaster due to the loss of the protection

and security where they tend to undergo depression and anxiety. This situation is often

magnitude by the lack of privacy they face in these camps and lack of facilities for the personal

hygiene. They are also likely to be sexually harassed specially in the resettlement camps where

they are tend to be trafficked once they lose the protection of the male counterpart.

Keywords: Women, vulnerable groups, post-disaster, coastal, inequality

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30. Citizen science for smart water solution in southwestern part of

Bangladesh

1Md. Anwarul Abedin, 2Bhaswati Ray and 3Rajib Shaw

1Agricultural University, Bangladesh. 2University of Calcutta, India. Professor, 3Keio

University, Japan.

Abstract

Safe drinking water is one of the most pressing commodities in the current world. According to

United Nations World Water Development Report (2017) alerts that, by 2030, only 60 percent

of the world’s demand for water will be met by existing water resources at the current rate of

use. Physical scarcity of water severed by climatic stress and socio-economic vulnerability in

terms of affordability and accessibility is common in the climatic stress countries like

Bangladesh especially south-west part of coastal region. Citizen science would be an ideal

vehicle to foster and implement smart water solution at Shymnagar Upazila under Satkhira

District in this region to combat with safe water crisis aggravated by salinity and arsenic

problem. As citizen science open the avenue and are creating a wide range of new opportunities

for public participation in scientific approach via scientific practice, developments in sensing

technology, data processing and visualization, and communication of ideas and results together

with scientists and technocrats. Hence, the objectives of this research thus include the creation

of awareness and spatial mapping of the water quality and quantity source point involving the

local communities and local governance and to involve them to co-design and co-develop

solutions through a common web-based mobile app and finally the results suggest policy

interventions to resolve water issues. Different methodological approaches will be utilized to

co-design and co-develop of this smart water solution and customized with local context.

Finally, this smart water solution will be updated and suitable modified as and when necessary

considering local demand with the involvement of citizen science group and replicated globally

under similar socio-economic and climatic conditions.

Keywords: Citizen science, smart water solution, web-based mobile app, coastal Bangladesh

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31. Pre-Hospital Trauma Care in developing countries

1Elsadig Eltigani Elhag, Sudan

Abstract:

Trauma is a huge problem in the world. It is a leading cause of death and disability especially

in the developing countries where it is still lags behind in comparison with the developed ones

and need more interventions and improvement.Pre-hospital care services remains a dynamic

field of medicine for care of trauma patient. Prehospital trauma care developed over the last

decades parallel in many countries. Most of the prehospital emergency medical systems relied

on input or experiences from military medicine and were often modeled after the existing

military procedures. Some systems were initially developed with the trauma patient in mind,

while other systems were designed for medical, especially cardiovascular, emergencies. The

key components to successful prehospital trauma care are the well-known ABCs of trauma care:

Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Establishing and securing the airway, ventilation, fluid

resuscitation, and in addition, the quick transport to the best-suited trauma center represent the

pillars of trauma care in the field. While ABC in trauma care has neither been challenged nor

changed, new techniques, tools and procedures have been developed to make it easier for the

prehospital provider to achieve these goals in the prehospital setting and thus improve the

outcome of trauma patients.

Key Words: Trauma or injury, Prehospital care, EMS, Emergency, Golden hour

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32. Sustainable Development, DRR and Disaster Resilience

Parvez Hayat IPS(Retd)

Abstract:

Climate change, biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation reduce resilience of communities

and increase the vulnerability to the impact of climate change causing natural disasters, which

is a major threat to sustainable development.

Disaster risk is increasing globally and threatening development gains, owing largely to a mix

of flawed urban development, climate change, and ecosystem degradation. People around the

world constantly seek ways to reduce disaster risks and techniques to adapt to changing climate.

Some combine diverse livelihood strategies, such as fishing, farming and selling by manual

labour, in order to reduce their vulnerability, while others use knowledge (indigenous and new

techniques) to obtain information about various adaptation skills in agriculture and plan their

actions accordingly.

Projected change in the climate which includes increased temperature on land and sea, sea-level

rise, melting of glacier and ice cap, irregular rainfall, drought pattern increasing the intensity

and frequency of extreme climatic events, thereby, making people more vulnerable to hydro-

meteorological disasters. However, disaster risk and impact of changing climate can be

minimised significantly by restoring and protecting ecosystems, thereby increasing a

community’s resilience to climate change.

Addressing vulnerability and decreasing exposure to hazards by adaptation and building risk-

resilience capacity of the community are within wider efforts to address poverty and inequality,

leading to sustainable development. Measures taken in the form of preparedness, based on

advanced technology in early warning systems lead to DRR, which in turn leads to sustainable

development. An example to explain how public awareness through education and capacity

building leads to DRR further leading to sustainable development is- ‘the villagers were

concerned that their intensive farming practices were eroding the river banks, and so they had

started a tree nursery, planting saplings along the banks to help bind the soil’. Hazards are

inherent in environment we live in. Many hazards are not turning into disasters because of

increased public awareness, facilitating increased resilience in communities. Governments and

civic society have launched many programmes for capacity building in the community through

education. Indian school textbooks, from class 6th to 12th, has disaster management as a subject

which has empowered children with knowledge about preparedness and early warning systems,

leading to transfer of knowledge to their family members and friends in the community. Indian

government has launched Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan that too leads to public awareness about

preparedness before and during the disaster. Community-led early warning systems, through

social media such as twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, facilitate village communities using

affordable smart phones to know the likelihood of potential hazards, which they share with the

community as bottom-up transfer of knowledge, creating resiliency in the community.

Key Words: Sustainable development, Resilience, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Climate

Change Adaptation

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33. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment Model for GIS based Seismic Risk

Study in Thiruvananthapuram City

1Velapgy Madhu Mohan and 2E S M Suresh

National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chennai

Abstract

This study is to develop location-specific methodology for the probabilistic assessment of

seismic hazard associated with Thiruvananthapuram city in the state of Kerala, on the west

coast, near the southern tip of peninsular India (PI). This city is in the low-to-moderate seismic

hazard region of Stable Continental Region (SCR) in India, having earthquake moment

magnitude, M 4, where, the recorded occurrences of historical seismic events causing

structural damage are generally, far less. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) has

been widely considered as a rational approach for the determination of seismic design loads.

However, there are limitations with the use of conventional PSHA method in regions where, the

local seismicity data is sparse. Due to the lack of adequate natural ground motion records in this

study area, PSHA model seems to be complex, risky and uncertain for a proper solution.

Moreover, the techniques for the estimation of input parameters and the approaches for

calculations are to be suitably selected for PSHA of any location, in the low seismicity region.

The objective of this study is the generation of appropriate PSHA model, limiting the minimum

design seismic hazard level to be adopted for the analysis of structures in the city. The seismicity

of the region has been characterised by Gutenberg-Richter recurrence law and the Cornell-

McGuire approach has been used for the probabilistic assessment of the hazard. This PSHA

modelling study includes the inputs of characteristics of the soil profile, suitable ground motion

models for the elastic response spectra of the city area and also, the modelling of recurrence

behaviour of local earthquakes

The severity of seismic hazard of the Thiruvananthapuram city has been assessed by integrating

these geospatial factors, in Geographical Information System (GIS) platform.

Keywords: hazard assessment, damage, seismic, PSHA, GMPE, GIS

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34. Strengthening Disaster Resilience for Sustainable Development in the

SAARC Region: Need for Better Regional Collaborative Strategies,

Cooperation and Coordination Mechanisms in South Asia

Bhaskara Rao Mulam

Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT), IIIT, RK Valley, Idupulapaya, Vempally

(M) , Kadapa Dt, (A.P)

Abstract

The SAARC region, consisting of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh,

Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka is one of the most disaster prone

regions in the world. The region is highly susceptible to all types of natural and human induced

disasters. In the SAARC region, disasters can have complex and deeply disruptive effects on

livelihoods. Due to its high vulnerability, the region is suffering the most and experiencing

maximum casualties and severe damages to property and infrastructure resulting in huge

economic losses. In addition, the development processes in the SAARC region are also creating

new forms of vulnerabilities or exacerbating existing ones. There is a need to integrate disaster

risk reduction strategies within the overall development framework in the SAARC region.

Disaster resilience is determined by the degree to which individuals,

communities and organizations are capable of organizing themselves to reduce their risks to all

types of disasters. Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction implies to develop and strengthen a

systematic strategy for disaster risk reduction. Sustainable development is the ability to meet

the needs of the present generation while contributing to the future generations needs. Ensuring

disaster resilience, reducing risk, generation of employment and livelihood opportunities,

poverty reduction, removal of regional and social disparities are key elements for sustainable

development in the SAARC region.

The 2030 agenda for sustainable development aims to reach everyone, to leave

no one behind and calls for increasing awareness on disaster risk reduction, disaster resilience

and implement policies for preventing new disaster risks. If governments of the SAARC region

are to protect their most vulnerable people, they must ensure that national development

strategies are firmly grounded in disaster resilience and risk reduction in the region. In the

SAARC region, there is a need for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and to develop and

strengthen (or to extend the existing capacity) a systematic strategy for disaster risk reduction

measures including the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation stages.

With the Sendai Framework’s greater emphasis on Global and Regional

Platforms for Disaster Risk Reduction, there is a much need to develop more collaborative

strategies, coordination and cooperation mechanisms and regional platforms for preventing

Disaster Risks. In the SAARC region, there are a large number of organizations and institutions

which are actively involved in disaster risk reduction. But there is a lack of proper coordination

and cooperation among them. For an effective disaster risk reduction strategy, collaboration,

cooperation and coordination among various government departments, organizations and

institutions is a must. This paper briefly explains the need for strengthening disaster resilience

to sustainable development and discusses the need for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and

the importance of regional cooperation and strategies and provides a framework for engagement

of national coordination mechanisms, collaborative strategies and regional platforms and

addresses cross cutting issues for disaster resilience and sustainable development in the SAARC

region.

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35. Sustainability of Hydropower Plant Under Highly Competitive Land Uses In

The Catchment AreaCase of Koto Panjang HEPP, Sumatra, Indonesia

1Yonariza, 2Rudi Febriamansyah, 3Mahdi and 4Bevi Astika Andiny

Universitas Andalas, Padang – Indonesia

Abstract

Hydro Electric Power Plant (HEPP) is considered as a renewable and environmental friendly

source of energy. However, the sustainability of HEPP depend on the quality of catchment area

at large. In Indonesia, majority of HEPPs are predicted to have short live, only half of their

economic life due to a high sedimentation. Unless there is a mutual exchange between HEPP

operators and land owners in the catchment, most of the HEPP in Indonesia will have half

economic life. Payment for watershed service (PWS) has been proposed as a mechanism to have

a mutual exchange between land owner and HEPP operators. Based on a case study in West

Sumatra Province, this paper argues that PWS implementation would face a very competitive

value among several land uses in the catchment, especially with those of market oriented

farming activity in the catchment areas. The paper aims at discussing the dynamic of land use

among land owners as dependence on market, discussing synergy between land use and

watershed service provision for sustainable HEPP. We have interviewed 120 households in

catchment areas and trace their land use dynamic in last five – six years. We found out that

household who diversifying their main cash crop in agroforestry system cope well with

commodity price fluctuation, while those who rely on main cash perennial crop would return to

the forest and clear primary forest to re-practice unfriendly land uses such as shifting cultivation,

the practice threatens the sustainability of HEPP. At the end, the paper proposes strategy for

sustainable HEPP installation by taking into account market influence and farmers preference

on PWS.

Keywords; rubber monocrop, upland, rural development, watershed

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36. Framing the Determinants of Vulnerability in Malawian Communities: A

Multi Hazard Perspective from Karonga District.

1Tamara Faith Kamanga , 2Sarintip Tantanee , 3Faidess Dumbizgani Mwale , 4Panu

Buranajarukorn

Naresuan University, The Malawi Polytechnic, Malawi University of Science and Technology

Abstract

Malawi is exposed and affected by multiple hazards. Hydrological hazards, specifically flood

and drought account for 70% of all the hazards affecting the country. Due to overreliance on

rain fed agriculture, people’s livelihoods and economy are rendered vulnerable to these hazards.

Whilst a number of studies have assessed vulnerability due to natural hazards in the country, no

attention has been given towards assessing vulnerability from multiple hazards in areas affected

by more than one natural hazard. This paper seeks to frame the determinants of vulnerability

from multi hazards in Malawi, using Karonga District communities as a case study. It utilizes

the Community Based Disaster Risk Index, which has been disaggregated to measure and

quantify vulnerability directly. Framing the determinants of vulnerability from multi hazards at

community level in Malawi is important as it offers the function of comparing determinants of

vulnerability among different communities as well as identifying the differential causes of

vulnerability in different communities. It can also aid policy makers, Government, Non-

Governmental organizations and stakeholders in targeting resource allocation and interventions.

The expected results of the study are spatial maps of vulnerability, in all communities of

Karonga district, as well as highlighted differential determinants of vulnerability emanating

from multi hazards, corresponding to exposure, susceptibility, and capacity measures framed

within social, economic, physical and environmental aspects.

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37. Sustainable Means for Evacuation in Case of Natural Disaster

1Nakul Kumar Tarun & 2Tanushree Verma

Asian Institute of Technology

Abstract

India is presently going through phase of rapid urbanization due to enhanced economic growth

specially at around urban centers leading to development of Urban agglomerate and multi-fold

increase in number of vehicles plying in these cities, that is owing to transport related risk and

crisis in these cities. Unplanned road network, deteriorating air quality, reduced areas under

green space, no space for hawkers and pedestrian pathway, poor parking system are some of the

risk transport sector as a result of rapid unplanned urbanization. It is estimated, that in 2007, the

transport sector contributed emissions to the tune of 142.04 Mt CO2 eq in India alone. It

accounted for approximately 13% of total energy related CO2 emissions (MoEF, 2010), of

which majority of emissions were from the road transport. The Conditions in developing

countries pose additional challenges on transportation systems – demand far exceeds supply,

particularly for the growing number of urban poor getting pushed in urban center for better

livelihood opportunity. However, in addition to the opportunities, increasing urbanisation

invites several challenges. Escalating urban population demands dedicated key urban

infrastructures and services viz. transportation, solid waste management, integrated urban water

resources management, low-income housing, education, sanitation and health. These basic

needs of communities put further pressure on available natural resources such as land, water and

energy. In order to achieve sustainable urbanisation and built resilience of cities a wide spectrum

of interventions are required.

Thus, to minimize this gap of demand and supply in transport sector an integration

between land use and transportation system is mandatory to enhance resilience and ensuring

sustainable planned urban development to evacuate a zone in envisage time frame to save the

lives of habitants. It is found in many cases that private cars are not safe for evacuation in case

of natural disaster as its create traffic jam which enhance the risk of lives under evacuation.

Key words: Urban agglomerate, Integrated transport, Risk resilience, Safe transport,

Transport for evacuation.

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38. Bangkok facing a challenge to stay resilient to climate change: more or less

flood control?

Céline Pierdet

Abstract

The Asian river metropolitan area Bangkok is subject to very high stresses in its urban

development. The natural site constraints are very important because it is located in the center

of the alluvial plain of the Chao Phraya River. So this river capital expanded behind the bank

of the river with dikes and embankments on the river floodplains. This diked-city is very

vulnerable to natural disasters such as flooding.

Since the early 1970s, it is now common to assimilate a city to a system, closed (Forrester

W.J. 1969) or opened (Rosnay de J. 1975). We assimilate to an opened system these cities

which are surrounded by dikes, subdivided into catchments areas and covered by a sewer

network which allows discharging waters out of the city core. Water is at once entrance,

component and exit of the city-system. So we can consider it as a hydraulic system (Pierdet C.

2008).

From the Hyogo Conference held in 2005, the word "resilience" is distributed worldwide in a

systemic sense by the United Nations and the other international organizations. We define

resilience as “the ability of a system to integrate a disruption in its run, without changing the

qualitative structure” (Holling C.S. 1973). Bangkok metropolitan area has undergone many

water crises, especially those of 1983 and 2011. The urbanization becomes denser, and then

vertical during the last 50 years, the process of subsidence is accelerating. After each new

hydraulic crisis, new hydraulic infrastructures were built – dikes, canal, pumping stations…

Unfortunately, more and more people were flooding, deaths and economic losses were still

increasing. Yet, despite the repeated floods, this metropolitan area is continuing to grow, the

city-system is still structured and adaptable. So it is resilient.

So what could choose the Bangkok metropolitan area as flood control method to stay resilient

to climate change? Is this structural method –with dikes, canals and pumping stations- enough

to still resilient or would it be necessary to plan more important free spaces of discharge for

the high waters? What could be the advantage of the systemic approach in the local policy of

resilience to reduce the flood risk and the economic losses?

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39. Looking back and thinking ahead: lessons lerant by a garbage dump

collapse in Colombo, Sri Lanka

1Chathumani D. 2Wickramasinge D.D

1University of Colombo, 2Cumarathunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo.

Abstract:

No place on earth is free from disasters and Sri Lanka is not an exception. On 14th of April 2017,

Sri Lanka experienced one of the worst man-made environmental hazard in the history. The

open garbage dumping site located in Meethotamulla, Colombo, which served as a solid waste

disposal facility for the city suddenly collapsed loosing 32 human lives and many other

infrastructural damages. Even with frequent protests by the residents, the suitability of the site

for solid waste disposal and the condition of the dump as well as related environmental and

health aspects have never been investigated systematically prior to the incident nor any policy

decisions have taken to manage the dump. It is also worth to note that there have been many

parties who have different benefits form the dump including scavengers and collectors.

The current research focuses on two aspects: firstly, to investigate opinions on and experience

of the communities living around the site using a questionnaire survey and to present an analysis

on the expansion of dumping site over the last 15 years using GIS and remote sensing

technologies.

Results revealed that, before the land was converted to the dumping site in 1988 the area has

been a paddy field. Dumping has been continued to 2010 and halted in 2010-2011 due to the

protests of the nearby residents. Garbage had been dumped to the site without adopting any

sanitary or environmental precautions creating a mountainous dump. Though the dimensions

fluctuated, the maximum height of 45 to 55 ft with an extant of 40 to 42 acres by year 2016.

The largest area has been observed in 2009 with 0.092 km2 in 2009 whereas the lowest area was

reported as 0.041324 km2 in 2004. When sliding of the dump occurred, the area under solid

wastes was 0.067 Km2.

As expressed by the residents, following an explosion with a huge noise, the dump has collapsed

less than a one-minute time sliding the garbage over the adjacent areas burying houses and

roads. Accumulation of solid wastes of the city for more than 20 years resulted in 1,765

individuals affected and 145 houses destroyed. Instability of the soil, increased moisture content

and weight due to heavy rains as well as elevated pressure levels have contributed to the disaster.

The incident was an eye opener for many stakeholders: the government introduced new laws to

manage garbage, municipality authorities took a policy decisions not to continue dumping and

opt for alternative sites and the communities have transformed to waste sensitive society. Even

though looking back provides a picture of what went wrong, thinking ahead could obviously

offer even better picture as to how municipal waste management could be sustainable which

makes cities safe.

Key words: Disasters, Garbage, Meethotamulla, Landslide, Policy

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40. Disaster, Vulnerability and Human Security: Bangladesh Perspective

1Khan Ferdousour Rahman

Associate Professor Department of Environmental Science State University of Bangladesh

Abstract

‘Human Security’ is a fundamentally important concept, which looks at the root causes of the

vulnerability of individuals and the connections with other social issues. Due to anthropogenic

reasons the current global disaster has become a cause of great concern for human security. With

fragile geographical location and high density of population the human security of Bangladesh

is threatened in case of any disaster. In this paper, the challenges of human security in respect

of reducing vulnerability for disaster management in Bangladesh are critically evaluated. The

broad objective is to examine the human security issues in time of disaster management in

Bangladesh. It adopts both qualitative and quantitative techniques based on critical analysis of

the findings obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The study reveals that due to

climate change, the people of Bangladesh, especially in the coastal areas, live in enormous risk

increasing the vulnerability due to the disasters. In conclusion, based on these factors, necessary

recommendations have been made to take appropriate action for preventing the human security

being disrupted due to disaster.

Keywords: Human Security, Vulnerability, Climate Change, Disaster Management,

Bangladesh

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41. Landslide Inventory and Susceptibility Mapping In Rupin Watershed Of

Tons Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand

1Vikram Sharma, , 2P.K. Champati Ray,3 Sohan Lal Chatoraj and 4A.K. Biyani

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, Uttara hand, DBS (PG), College Dehradun, Uttara hand

Abstract

The river valley Rupin is an important tributary of the Tons that originates from glaciers at the

head of famous Har-ki-Dun area in the northeastern part of the Tons catchment. The study area

in the catchment covers about 545 km2 (31°21’23” N to 31°21’54” N; 77°57’39” E to 78°18’36”

E), which is a part of both Lesser and Higher Himalaya. Geologically, the Rupin watershed

comprises of Vaikrata, Almora, Dudhatoli, Jaunsar and Garhwal group containing granite,

quartzite, limestone, shale, phyllite and basic rocks. In this present study, topographical,

geological and remote sensing data were collected and processed using geospatial approach.

This study is focused on preparation of landslide inventory and change detection mapping. The

inventory was prepared based on of pre- and post-Uttarakhand disaster 2013 using high

resolution satellite data (LISS-IV). A total of 150 landslides were identified in pre-disaster

(2011) and 221 were identified after post-disaster (2014).

In this work weighted overlay method was used for landslide susceptibility analysis,

vulnerability and risk mapping considering important instability causative factor: lithology,

tectonic feature, slope aspect, slope gradient, drainage network, road network, land use/land

cover, NDVI, geomorphological map, built-up area and rainfall etc. The produced landslide

susceptibility was classified into three zones: low, moderate, and high. The high susceptibility

and moderate susceptibility zones covered 27% and 36%, of the study area, respectively. The

results of the susceptibility mapping were validated using the landslide inventory map.

Damage assessment emphasis was carried out with respect to settlements, road and agricultural

land. Hazardous zones in the study area have been identified and their instability were estimated

under both dry and wet conditions with the help geotechnical investigation and factor of safety

were estimated. Using satellite imagery combined with ground observations, it is possible to

generate maps of likely occurrences of future landslides. Our comprehensive analyses, detailed

the susceptibility, vulnerability and landslide risk zone map of the study area. We anticipate that

the work would be useful for engineers, land use planners, disaster management, mitigation

policy and sustainable planning in this Himalayan region.

Keyword: Garhwal Himalaya, rupin watershed, landslide inventory, susceptibility mapping,

factor of safety.

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42. Increasing importance of Disaster Management in the syllabus of craft trainees

at industrial training centres.

Mahesh Vishwakarma, India

Abstract:

Craftsmen training scheme provides semi-skilled / skilled workers to industrial sector by

systematic training to school leavers in engineering and non-engineering trades. The industrial

training centres equip them with suitable skills to secure employment in industries.

The syllabus prescribed by National Council for Vocational Training for Craftsmen Training

Scheme includes general background information on industrial safety. The future manpower of

industries thus gets a little exposure to industrial safety but nothing on management of disaster

of any kind. In the era of round-the-clock news and social media, there are frequent news of

disasters both natural and man-made on our screens. The industrial trainees equally need to play

a role in preparing for these events and minimizing their impact or get involved in the emergency

response in case they occur.

The trainees not only need to understand the need of disaster management but also recognize

several situations that may occur naturally or man-made at their work and outside. They can be

deputed to institutions imparting specialized training in disaster management including but not

limited to National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM), National Disaster Management

Authority (NDMA), and Disaster Management Centre (DMA) for few weeks during the mid of

their training program to gain practical exposures to the range of disastrous situations. Learning

about disaster management can also be included during their industrial visits conducted during

the end of their program.

The paper highlights the increasing importance of imparting disaster management training to

the industrial trainees. It draws attention towards updating the syllabus of different trades to

keep pace with the latest developments in disaster management, resilience and sustainable

development relevant to the respective trade.

By virtue of prolong experience in vocational and technical training, author has quoted few

classic examples and suggested methodologies for motivating industrial trainees to learn

disaster management issues.

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43. Analisys of Landslides Factors at Rinjani Mountain, Lombok Island,

East Nusa Tenggara Endah Tresnasari

1Murni Sulastri Saripudin, 2Muhammad Agil Prasetyo

Fakultas Teknik Geologi, Universitas.

Abstract

On July 29th, 2018, The Lombok Island had a tectonic earthquake around 6.4 SR which causes

landslide in Rinjani volcano. Fault plates has an impact on earthquakes that causes land

movement rising 25 cm in the north of the island near the epicenter. The purpose of this research

is to review the causes of dominant at Lombok Island. This research is processing satellite

imagery landslide data location, lithology data, fault data that has occurred. In conclusion, that

the factors have been determined affect landslide. For further analysis of land movement can be

use another method that is expected to be used as a reference basis for controlling land uses in

land movement-prone area.

Keywords: landslide, factors causing landslides, mass movement

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44. Mainstreaming Social capital and disaster risk reduction in education

curricula: a periurban perspective

Vishal Narain,

Professor, Public Policy and Governance, MDI, Management Development Institute, Gurgaon, India.

Abstract

This paper focuses on the concept of social capital and its relevance in disaster risk reduction

in periurban contexts. It provides an approach to mainstreaming the relationship between social

capital and disaster risk reduction in education curricula. It draws upon the research of the author

in periurban Gurgaon in northwest India. Periurban spaces are intermediary spaces between

rural areas and urban centres that present some features of both. Social capital refers to the

quality of social relationships, networks and ties that individuals mobilize in the pursuit of their

livelihood objectives. This paper focuses on the different ways in which social capital is

mobilized to improve access to water in periurban contexts and draws lessons regarding its role

in disaster risk reduction.

Periurban Gurgaon faces a context of changing seasonal distribution of rainfall and declining

rainfall over time. At the same time, with the onset of urbanization, there is increased discharge

of wastewater from the city. In a context of disappearance of the four month monsoon season

period and growing groundwater salinity, farmers in periurban Gurgaon mobilise their social

capital to collectively distribute wastewater allocated by the state. They cooperate in cleaning

and maintaining furrows and taking turns to irrigate with wastewater. In one village, they also

pool in resources to transfer wastewater from the wastewater canal to a former village pond.

Another way in which social capital is mobilized is by pooling in financial resources to

collectively dig tubewells. This happens in Budhera village among the Pundit community who

come together collectively to improve their water security. Finally, the paper describes the

approach of action research in Sultanpur where social capital is created through a process of

civic engagement. A series of dialogues between the water users and the representatives of the

state agency providing water led to the creation of a relationship of trust and securing mutual

accountability between the state and water users. These evidences point to the potential of social

capital in vulnerability and disaster risk reduction in periruban contexts that face multiple

stresses both from urbanization and climate change. The paper then provides entry points for

mainstreaming the relationship between social capital and disaster risk reduction in periurban

spaces with education curriculum. It emphasizes an engagement with different

conceptualizations of social capital. Norms of reciprocity, trust, sense of solidarity and

cohesion, civic engagement and integration with intra- and inter-community networks are its

components. This needs to be supported with some discussion of the concept and relevance of

periurban spaces and why social capital could be eroded or weakened in such contexts. The

pedagogy should then emphasize case studies that demonstrate how periurban communities

mobilize social capital to adapt to climate change and urbanization induced stresses on water.

Finally, building social capital needs to be seen by policy-makers and development practitioners

as a disaster risk reduction strategy.

Keywords: social capital, disaster risk reduction, periurban, water security, India

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45. Water-related Disaster Risk Management in the context of Federal Nepal

1Binaya Kumar Mishra and 2Arjun Gautam

School of Engineering, Pokhara University, Nepal

Abstract

The frequency and scale of water-related natural disasters is increasing in most parts of the

world. Nepal is no exception and faces increasing natural disasters with greater frequency and

intensity. Life and property losses by such disasters is huge. Such losses is considered one of

the important obstacles in eradicating poverty and achieving human security and sustainable

socio-economic development. Water-related disasters such as floods, droughts and landslides in

the context of climate change, which is attributed to more frequent and intense events, have

resulted increasing threat to vulnerable communities. Therefore, water-related disaster risk

management has become difficult task, given the uncertainty and diversity of the event, and

their impacts on multi-sectors. Several laws, regulations and institutions have been formulated

for managing disaster risk in Nepal. In recent years, disaster preparedness and response capacity

of the country has been improved significantly through comprehensive community-based

disaster risk mitigation and promotion of the health sector preparation plan in both rural and

urban situations. Further strengthening and sustained efforts are necessary. Since the new

Constitution was declared in September 2015, Nepal is transformed from centralized

governance system to federal decentralized governance system. With the formation of three

levels of government (local, provincial and federal government), several laws, regulations and

institutions are being formulated/modified at the federal, provincial and local level for improved

overall development of the society including better disaster management. This includes the

development of capacity to modernize the governance structure and strengthen the institutions

for water-related disaster management. This study will explore and discuss existing and

proposed water-related disaster management regulations and policy frameworks for having

reduced tangential and non-tangential losses in the context of federal Nepal.

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46. The Role of Universities in Helping Provide Bases for Urban Disaster

Resilience Action Plans

1Glenn Fernandez , 2Kenji Okazaki

Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University,Graduate School of Global

Environmental Studies, Kyoto University

Abstract

Cities are seen to be at a suitable level to efficiently and effectively initiate and implement urban

disaster resilience initiatives, especially in developing countries where unplanned or haphazard

urbanization is a major risk factor. Many cities are now developing their disaster resilience

action plans. However, gathering supporting data and evidence to be used in the preparation of

the action plans remains a big challenge for most cities. The aim of this paper is to review how

universities have assisted cities in providing the bases for urban disaster resilience action plans.

The paper will highlight the experience of the Grant for Global Sustainability (GGS) Project,

funded by United Nations University and implemented by Kyoto University, in facilitating the

preparation of the disaster resilience action plans of pilot wards in Lalitpur Metropolitan City,

Nepal and in Yangon City, Myanmar. The paper will describe the roles of local universities,

Tribhuvan University in Lalitpur and Yangon Technological University in Yangon, in providing

technical assistance in conducting the necessary risk assessment, disaster scenario development,

and action planning processes. The paper will also review the role of universities in the

implementation of other initiatives similar to the GGS Project. Action plans prepared after the

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 was adopted will be retrieved from

the official websites of different cities. The action plans will be analyzed to determine the bases

used in coming up with the list of interventions needed to be implemented to enhance urban

disaster resilience. The action plans will also be analyzed whether these were prepared in a

participatory manner or not; whether they were eventually implemented or not; and whether it

was the city itself or an NGO or a university that initiated or led the action planning process.

This paper will report the results of the analyses and will offer suggestions on how to enhance

the involvement of universities in the preparation of disaster resilience action plans of cities.

Keywords: Sendai Framework, Grant for Global Sustainability, multi-stakeholder approach

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47. Landslide Susceptibility Zonation Mapping using Fuzzy Gamma

Operator Model in Part of Trans-Asian Highway (Mao – Kangpokpi),

Manipur

1Nongmaithem Bragy Singh, 2Ramesh Veerappan

Centre for Geoinformatics, Jamsetji Tata School of Disaster Studies (JTSDS), Tata Institute of

Social Sciences (TISS), Malti

Abstract

NH-39 is the only lifeline of the state Manipur. After Indian Government adopted look east

policy, the trade and road connectivity were improved. The main NH-39 turns into Asian

Highway-1 (AH-1) (Imphal-Mao) and Asian Highway-2 (AH-2) (Imphal-Moreh). This highway

connects all the South-Asian countries. AH-1 is highly landslide prone due to their complex

geological, geomorphological and tectonic settings along with growing anthropogenic activities

which leads to frequent landslides occurrences in this study region, hence the road connectivity

is frequently blocked. In the present study, the section of Mao to Kangpokpi from AH-1 was

chosen for the landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) mapping using Fuzzy Gamma Operator

(FGO) model through integrated remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS)

techniques. The purpose of the study is to generate and validate landslide susceptibility zones.

There are thirteen landslide causative factors such as slope gradient, slope aspect, slope

curvature, elevation, land use land cover, lithology, lineament density, drainage density,

lineament proximity, drainage proximity, road buffer, topographic wetness index and soil were

considered to build relationship with landslide inventory datasets using FGO model. The final

LSZ map was classified into different susceptible zones viz. very high, high, moderate, low, and

very low. The FSZ were also validated using the landslide inventory dataset using Area Under

Curve (AUC) method.

Keywords: Landslide Susceptibility Zonation (LSZ), Frequency Ratio, Fuzzy Gamma Operator

(FGO), Trans-Asian Highway, Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS),

AUC method

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48. Assesment of groundwater vulnerability in highly industrialized noyyal basin

using ahp-drastic and geographic information system

1Saranya T, 2Saravanan Subbarayan, 3Jacinth Jennifer J, 4Leelambar Singh

National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.

Water plays a significant role in the existence of life. Every living individual demands for

freshwater for their survival. Groundwater serves as a source of freshwater among the other

available water sources. India being a tropical and densely populated country utilizes about 61%

of groundwater for irrigation and 85% of groundwater for domestic purposes. In recent years

due to the tremendous increase in population which results in rapid urbanization and

industrialization creates a potential threat to groundwater quality and quantity. Climate change

and variability also play a vital role in the dependency of groundwater and its quality.

The study is attempted in Noyyal River which is a tributary of Cauvery River, located between

latitude 100°56’-110°19’ N and the longitudes 760° 41’- 770° 56’ E having an area of 3510

sq.km. The basin receives an average rainfall of 700 mm annually. This basin consists of two

major industrial cities Coimbatore and Tiruppur with a total population of 5 Million and above.

Tiruppur is listed sixth in the world’s fastest-growing cities and also referred as Garment Hub

of India which has about 730 dyeing units, and 197 bleaching units located on the vicinity of

the river bank and some of which are operated against the law. The untreated effluents from the

dying and bleaching units are disposed into the river. Due to this, the contaminants migrate to a

higher extent both longitudinal and in lateral directions also creates frothing in the river. As a

result, the quality of river water has been deteriorated to the highest which prevails as a threat

to the community consuming it. Eventually, the quality of groundwater in this region is at higher

risk.

This paper aims at mapping the groundwater vulnerability using Geographic information system

for DRASTIC vulnerability model for the Noyyal River basin. The DRASTIC parameters

including the depth of water table, the recharge into the aquifer, Aquifer media, Soil media,

Topography, extent of vadose zone and the conductivity of aquifer were created as thematic

layer on a 30 m cell size. The vulnerability index map was generated using ArcGIS by

overlaying thematic layers after assigning appropriate ranks and weights which is determined

by Analytical Hierarchy Process which is a pairwise comparison matrix method. The results are

validated using the observed field data. Also, it confirms good agreement to the observed

groundwater quality data collected from the study area both in pre and post-monsoon periods.

The regions susceptible to contamination were thus identified from the results, and the

sustainability approach can be applied to minimize the effect of contamination.

Keywords: AHP, DRASTIC, Groundwater risk, Noyyal River, Sustainability, Vulnerability

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49. Technology as a catalyst for better governance and resilient communities: Case

of Kerala floods, India

Shweta Sinha

Pridi Banomyong International College, Thammasat University, Thailand

Abstract

Disasters have always adversely affected lives, property and livelihoods in the South Asian

economies. Monsoon variabilities and other extreme weather events often result in large-scale

flooding in the vast agrarian belts along the river basins, which has significant impacts,

especially on marginal communities. Studies suggest that climate and environmental changes

are likely to increase the intensity, duration and frequency of weather-related shocks in the

future. The vulnerability of communities and economies have further compounded because of

the unplanned human settlements, unsafe building practices and growing population densities

in the urban and coastal areas. GFDRR suggests that by 2050 an estimated 246 million city

dwellers in the region will be living in cyclone-prone areas. According to EM-DAT Database,

during 2005-2014, India was the worst hit country in South Asia accounting for a total of 167

disasters incurring damage of 47 $ Billion. Science, Technology and Innovation is continuously

providing solutions to sectors that did not have access in the past. It has resulted in successful

cases but at the same time poses new challenges. It is thus very critical to address these

challenges through established frameworks including comprehensive strategy and action plan,

covering institutional mechanisms, providing tools for mitigation and facilitate a legal

framework and policy direction. This study highlights key issues and challenges faced during

the recent 2018 Kerala Floods in India.

Keywords: Disaster, technology, governance, communities, resilience, India, Kerala floods

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50. Assessing Multi-temporal Surface Water Variability of Kodagu, India

using Geospatial Techniques

1Pratyush Tripathy, 2Lekha N J, Blesssing I, 3Teja Malladi

Karnataka State Remote Sensing Application Center, India

Abstract

The Kodagu district located in the north of the Karnataka state, India gets flooded every year

during monsoon. During the recent floods, the district witnessed unprecedented loss of life,

infrastructure, and resources. The flood in the region is also detrimental to the cultivation of rice

and coffee, which is the primary factor that upholds the economy of the district. Analysing the

change in the pattern of precipitation, and its effects on the nature and extent of the floodwater

is very important to understand the climate change and to aid mitigation processes. The present

study inspects the flood profile of the district using various geospatial methods including multi-

temporal optical (30 years) and SAR (3 years) satellite data processing, and historical rainfall

data assessment. The study also demarcates the areas facing floods frequently, and necessitates

towards better mitigation practices in the same.

Theme: Trending Technologies in Natural Disaster Risk Reduction

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51. Who’s telling the story? – The role of trusted stories in effective risk

communication for disaster resilience and sustainable development?

1Stephen A. Sutton, 2Douglas Paton,3 Petra T. Beurgelt, Saut Sagala, 4Ella Meilianda

1School of Psychological and Clincal Sciences, Charles Darwin University,2School of Architecture.

Planning and Policy Development, Institute of Technology ,Bandung, 3Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation

Research Centre.Syiah Kuala University,

Abstract

As a species humans rely on stories for the maintenance of knowledge, transmission of

information, decision making and formation of a coherent sense of who we are as individuals.

While stories are a ubiquitous part of the human experience, the degree to which the veracity of

a given story is accepted by a listener varies considerably. This variation in perceived

plausibility is primarily mediated by trust. This is a critical observation in disaster management

and risk communication where lives are in the balance, depending on the extent to which

preparation messages and warnings are believed and subsequently acted upon.

The perception of the trustworthiness of a narrator is an emotional product, generated within an

individual and takes into account issues of familiarity, history, perceived power and social

connections. The emotional assessment of the trustworthiness of risk communications

constrains or supports decisions to take action to prepare or respond to a hazard threat and may

vary considerably from one individual to another within the same social group.

This paper examines the trustworthiness of stories transmitted within families and villages in

Simeulue Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Simeulue Island is a rare example where an entire

society responded in the same (successful) way when threatened by a tsunami. In 2004 the entire

population of 70,000 people were saved from the Indian Ocean tsunami by a traditional story

that instructed an evacuation if certain signs of a tsunami were seen.

The story of smong (the local word for earthquake/sea recession/giant wave) and its storytellers

will be compared and contrasted with the risk communication narratives of some government

agencies seeking to improve community resilience to natural hazards. The paper will highlight

the strengths of the Simeulue story strategy and how trust was generated and then suggest ways

to include these strengths in government and NGO risk communication to improve disaster

resilience and sustainable development.

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52. Quantifying the impact of Groundwater uptake rate and the subsequent

alinity ingress on agricultural productivity in the western coastal region of

India

Anurag Kandya, Niraj Kathrani, Hemixa Patel

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit

Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, India Post graduate student (Environmental

Engineering), School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar,

India mResearch Scholar, Department of Science, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal

Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, India

Abstract

Witnessing the declining agricultural productivity in the western coastal areas of India, (which

has around 1500 villages), the present study has been undertaken to quantify the impact of

groundwater uptake rate and the subsequent salinity ingress on agricultural productivity. In this

study, a micro water shed area of Veraval Taluka has been studied which spans over an area of

330 km2. The ground water quality of this region was assessed through the 23 wells which were

spread across the region. The groundwater quality data includes parameters like Total Dissolved

Solids, Chlorides and Hardness which were available for both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon

for the duration 2007-16. Agricultural productivity data for four crops namely Wheat,

Groundnut, Cattle feed (grass) and Sugarcane was collected for summer, monsoon and winter

seasons for 5 villages namely Lati, Kadvar, Harnasa, Chagiya and Anida for few years. Along

with this other information like water consumption electricity bills, agricultural sale and cost of

labour was also gathered to assess the overall profitability in the agricultural production. The

changing ground water quality was statically analyzed using the Mann-Kendall trend test and

were mapped. The interfacing of this map was done with the agricultural productivity data to

quantify the impact of groundwater uptake and the subsequent salinity ingress on agricultural

productivity which gave interesting clues for evolving mitigation actions leading to sustainable

development.

Keywords: Ground water, salinity ingress, agricultural productivity, Gujarat,

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53. Assessment of severity and extent of cyclone damage due to GAJA

cyclone in Tamil Nadu, India

1Devanantham Abijith, 2Subbarayan Saravanan , 3Jacinth Jennifer J, 4Parthasarathy 5K.S.S, Leelambar Singh, 6Ramanarayan Sankriti

National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract

The cyclone is one of the most frequently occurring natural disaster in all tropical countries

which interrupts the socio-economic development. Recently, a severe cyclonic storm GAJA

made landfall on 16th November 2018 in Nagapattinam district of in Tamil Nadu, India which

also ravaged five districts including, Thanjavur, Pudukkottai, Ramanathapuram, Tiruvarur and

Trichy.

Tamil Nadu is one of the frequently affected states in India. It had sustained wind speeds of

100-110 km/hr with gusts of up to 120 km/hr. It is the tenth cyclone effect in Tamil Nadu for the

past 16 years. The storm brought a significant amount of rainfall to the coastal towns and

villages of 140mm to 170mm. The rate of occurrence of cyclones in Tamil Nadu state between

1891 and 2002 was 0.49 per year, in between 2003 and 2018 the rate increased to 0.63 per

year. The rate of occurrence has increased by almost 30 percent and Tamil Nadu becomes

one of the most cyclone-prone regions in the country.

According to the government officials, 45 people lost their lives and 76,290 people were

evacuated from low-lying areas and sheltered in 300 relief centers. Poultry farms, more than

102 cattle’s, 633 goats were dead hideously. In the Kodiyakarai sanctuary dead wild boars,

wild horses, foxes were laid off on the coast and it is reported that due to fear and wind speed,

fifty deer were dead due to heart attack with bleed in the nose. Across the state 1, 70,454 trees

were uprooted and 30,000 electricity poles, 105 power sub-stations, 47 electricity transformers

and about 3559 km of electric transmission wires have been snapped and there were no power

supply in the region for more than ten days. Nearly one crore coconut trees were uprooted,

banana plantation and other crops were also damaged, which prone as an irreparable loss of

livelihood to the farmers. Fifty-seven thousand thatched houses were completely destroyed

and coastal villages were severely affected as they were exposed to coastal zones. The

households, boats, fishnets were damaged and they experienced a coastal flood which left

their life and survival questioned.

In this study, we have discussed strategies on the response after the event, preparedness,

relief, recovery operations, rehabilitation, reconstruction, violent conflicts, economic

sustainability, infrastructure development, livelihood, and the cause for severe damage and

resilience.

Keywords: Cyclone Gaja, Resilience, Ecological balance, Risk assessment, Mitigation

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54. Identification of drought intensity and development of drought resilience

in the Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, India.

1Ramanarayan Sankriti, 2Saravanan Subbarayan, 3Manjunath Aluru, 4Leelambar Singh, 5Jacinth Jennifer J, 6Devanantham Abijith

National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract

Drought resilience is the capacity of the farming community to resist the impacts of drought

by effective management of land and water resources and maintain as far as possible the status

quo before the transition to period of normal rainfall. The approach towards drought

management shall be risk-based and pro-active instead of crisis-based and reactive

respectively. Drought management shall occur through the policies formulated by the

Government or the proven age-old practices of the farming community. The objective of

enabling drought resilience is to increase the wealth of farming community as well as improve

soil and ground water conservation in the drought affected area.

The study area is Rayalaseema region, which is located south of the state of Andhra Pradesh in

Indian sub-continent. Rayalaseema region comprises of four districts, Anantapuramu, Chittoor,

Kurnool and YSR Kadapa. This area is drought-prone due to a combination of factors such as

(i) existing geological conditions like presence of granitic rocks at shallow depths which hamper

recharge of aquifers (ii) Rain-shadow effect due to existence of Eastern Ghats (iii) High

temperature and more sunshine hours (>12 hrs per day) resulting in more loss of surface

moisture due to evaporation. This study involves the use of SPI (standardized precipitation

index) in different timescales of 3-month, 6-month and 12-month periods, after collection of

rainfall data for the period between the years 1980-2015. The short time-scale reflects the less

intense meteorological drought where as large time-scale reflects the more intense hydrological

and agricultural droughts respectively. The drought severity index based on SPI is developed

and its spatial and temporal variability indicates the intensity of drought spread among different

sub-regions in study area. The use of RDI index along with SPI index calculates the probable

severity and extremity of droughts, frequency and recovery period to judge the period of

resilience of the drought affected community. After identification of drought-intense areas, the

focus is on strategies to counter the effect of drought through different steps such as (i) educating

the farmer on the acreage and type of crop to be cultivated based on the event of release of

limited supply of water from the reservoir; (ii) Crop loan waiver for landless farmers in the event

of failure of crop; (iii) offering temporary employment schemes as a substitute to earn a living.

Keywords: Drought, Resilience, Rayalaseema, Standardized Precipitation Index, Drought

Severity Index.

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55. Assessment of Socio-economic status in the flood-affected region – A case

study for Kerala, India.

1Parthasarathy K.S.S. , 2Paresh Chandra Deka, 3Subbarayan Saravanan, 4Devanantham

Abijith, 5Jacinth Jennifer J2

National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, India, National Institute of

Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract

Flood is the relatively high flow in the river, markedly than the usual resulting in the

inundation of low land. Usually, river floods when the river can no longer contain its

discharge from its catchments. Flood is the costliest as well as a common natural disaster in

the world devasting both life and economy to a greater extent. Recently the state of Kerala has

faced severe floods by August with a death toll to 483. Kerala is the southernmost narrow strip

of the coastal territory that slopes down the Western Ghats to reach the Arabian Sea with

fourteen districts in the state. According to the Central water commission (CWC) the state

received 2346.6 mm of rain from June to 19th of August which is 42% more than the average

rainfall. The state received the tremendous rainfall of 758.6 mm in the first 20 days of the

August which is 164% more than the actual rainfall. With the heavy rainfall all over the state

caused floods by the end of July. Once again a massive spell of rainfall happened at 8th and

9th of August which led to further flooding in Wayanad district. Due to the continuous rainfall

from the first week of June to August, water levels was almost near the Full Reservoir Level.

So, the water was released from several dams due to the heavy rainfall in the catchment.

Another intense spell of rainfall took place by the 14th August and continued till 19th August

resulting in the heavy flood throughout the state affecting 13 of the 14 districts leading to the

evacuation of about one million people to the 12,300 relief camp across the state making the

worst flood in the century. 2018 Kerala flood caused extensive damage to the crops, building,

and infrastructure; its associated aftermath resulted in huge loss to its economic, social and

natural environment, accompanied by the 331 landslides across ten districts. After ravaging by

the flood, the state has faced a communicable disease Leptospirosis, chicken pox, Hepatitis A,

malaria and Dengue. Thus this paper will outline the nature of the flood and its causes,

resultant impact affecting the community, mitigation strategy, impact assessment, post-

disaster recovery and community resilience.

Keywords: 2018 Kerala floods; rainfall; impact assessment; aftershocks; resilience.

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56. Determination of probabilities for landslide events- Case Study of

Bhutan Himalayas

1Raju Sarkar, 2Abhirup Dikshit, 3Indrajit Pal

1Royal University of Bhutan, 2Rinchending, Bhutan.Delhi Technological University, Shahbad

Daulatpur, Delhi, India., 3Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.

The Bhutan Himalayan region with its complex geological features, steep slopes, rugged

topography and intense monsoonal rainfall create ideal conditions for landslides. The damage

caused because of landslides is huge causing significant loss of life and land initiating a dire

need to formulate strategies in minimizing its impact in areas affected by landslides. Globally,

several articles have been published determining rainfall thresholds in context of either

intensity-duration or event rainfall-duration thresholds. However, such thresholds determine the

results in a binary form which may not be useful for landslide cases. Therefore, this paper aims

to determine probabilities for landslide occurrences using various rainfall parameters (mean

rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, event rainfall) leading to landslide incidence. The

probabilities are determined using the Bayesian technique using available rainfall and landslide

data during the year 2004-2014 for Chukha region of Bhutan Himalayas. The region lies along

the Pheunstoling-Timphu Highway which is a significant trade route with India. The

probabilities have been determined using single and a combination of rainfall parameters. The

results depict that combination of rainfall parameters (event rainfall and rainfall duration) is a

better indicator to determine future landslide events compared to the use of single rainfall

parameter. The probabilities determined can be used as the first line of action for early warning

systems for the region.

Keywords: Probabilistic Method, Bhutan Himalayas, Shallow Landslides

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57. Tsunami Evacuation Simulation Using an Agent-Based Model for

Managing Disaster: A Case Study of Khao Lak, Thailand

1Nattapon TRUMIKABORWORN and 2Pennung WARNITCHAI,3 Indrajit Pal, and 4Matthew N. Dailey

Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Abstract

In Thailand, tabletop exercise and evacuation drill are the main tools for raising tsunami

awareness of stakeholders such as practitioners and people in the hazard area. Currently, tsunami

evacuation simulation can play an important role to help the practitioners for evaluation and

identification process of effective evacuation measures before implementation. This study aims

to demonstrate an agent-based simulation namely TUNAMI - EVAC1 developed by Assoc.

Prof. Erick Mas as the alternative method to support the evaluation and identification process.

The model includes spatial information and human evacuation behavior to represent the process

of tsunami evacuation. Moreover, the uncertainty of the model inputs is taken into consideration

by the logic-tree framework. We selected two study areas in Khao Lak, Thailand, to investigate

how different characteristics of each area impact on the results. Finally, the estimated casualties

from the two study areas, and sensitive parameters, are calculated. Approximately, 15% of the

population in Bang Niang and 25% in Tab Lamu may not evacuate to the safe zone under current

conditions and assumptions used in the model against a tsunami arrival time similar to the one

in 2004. Also, the most sensitive parameter is the warning time, followed by the preparation

time, and shelter recognition. Therefore, specific recommendations for each area can be

incorporated to grasp a clear image of the needs of tsunami evacuation measures in the future.

Keywords: tsunami evacuation, agent-based simulation, disaster management, Thailand

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58. Financing Disaster Losses: Possibilities of Introducing Ex-ante Risk

Financing in India

1Vikrant Panwar,2Subir Sen

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT-R) Uttarakhand India,

Abstract

India remains one the most disaster prone country in the world since it is covered by various

layers of risks, hazards and vulnerabilities. The recurring natural disasters pose serious threats

to its fiscal and economic stability by causing widespread human and economic losses. Yet, the

financial arrangement against natural disasters in India have relied upon a reactive approach for

decades, consisting of budgetary (re)allocations and donor assistances. As a result, most of the

financial burden following a natural disaster is borne by the central and the respective state

governments. Despite India’s commitment towards Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk

Reduction (SFDRR), the financial arrangements against natural disasters are still largely based

on the ex-post funding mechanisms with almost non-existent support from the private sector. In

addition to the uncertainty attached to the existing sources of disaster financing, the prospects

of such sources to provide a timely funding in the times of post-disaster response and recovery

phases are very grim, which we have seen time and again in India. In this backdrop, we examine

India’s disaster risk reduction and management strategies through the lenses of financial

preparedness against natural disasters. We review some of the global best practices in disaster

risk financing and compare them with those adopted by India to identify the potential gap in

financing disasters and the subsequent need for disaster-related funding. Finally, we explore the

possibilities of introducing alternate measures of disasters risk financing such as insurance and

catastrophic bonds. In this study, we highlight a significant disaster-related funding gap in India

both at the central and the state government’s levels. The findings of this study encourage the

policy makers to take the private sector on board to share and absorb the disaster losses more

effectively. The policy makers should consider developing a mix of both ex-ante and ex-post

disaster financing measures rather than relying on the latter alone. Such an arrangement will not

only be in the spirit of the third priority action (investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience)

of the SFDRR, but also ensure India’s adherence to the sustainable development goals.

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