Abstract book of 2 International Interdisciplinary 3D...
46
i Abstract book of 2 nd International Interdisciplinary 3D Conference PTE, 2016
Transcript of Abstract book of 2 International Interdisciplinary 3D...
i
Abstract book of 2nd
International
Interdisciplinary 3D
Conference
PTE, 2016
2
Abstract Book of the 2nd international
Interdisciplinary 3D Conference
6-8 October 2016
University of Pécs
Pécs, 2016
3
Editor
Dr. Istvan Ervin Haber
Co-Editors
dr. Peter Maroti, dr. Peter Varga
ISBN 978-963-429-066-7
Available only electrically.
4
Dear Participants, Dear Guests!
We are pleased to welcome you in Pécs at the II. International Interdisciplinary 3D Conference!
Originated from the great efforts of five Faculties of the Pecs University, and following the last
year’s success this is the second 3D conference in Pécs. We hope that this year’s event will further
corroborate the tradition of gathering researchers to discuss recent results of 3D applications, the
emerging new technologies and future directions of scientific development. We are glad to host
approximately 300 colleagues from more than 10 countries in the meeting. We believe that the
conference will provide an excellent occasion for investigators of 3D printing methods, scanning
techniques and related fields to exchange ideas and scientific information and hopefully to initiate
new collaborations. Indeed advancing of the related sciences has increasingly become
multidisciplinary and nowadays requires team work. Medical doctors, dentists, artists work
together with engineers and designers to put forward the technology and provide beautiful and easy
to use products in various areas of everyday life and professional applications. One of the major
aims of our meeting is to bring together these specialists and foster new collaborations. As always
at our University, special attention goes to young scientists. Their professional education and
development do require sharing creativity and learning from each other and from more experienced
researchers. On the other hand, apart from its important mission of spreading science this
conference is also the kick off meeting of a large scale 3D technology project (GINOP2.3.2-15-
2016-00022) at our University. We believe that not only the teachers and students of the University
will benefit from the manifestation of this project but the whole field of innovative and enthusiastic
3D researchers.
We hope that you will find the scientific program exciting, will have plenty of time for discussions
with colleagues from the 3D research and applications community and will enjoy the wonderful
city of Pécs.
We wish you a great time in Pécs!
Sincerely,
The Organizers
Miklós Nyitrai, University of Pécs, Hungary
Peter Maroti, University of Pécs, Hungary
Peter Varga, University of Pécs, Hungary
Pécs, 5th of October, 2016
5
Program of the
2nd International Interdisciplinary 3D Conference
6-8 October 2016
Location: Szentágothai János Research Centre, 20. Ifjúság street, Pécs, Hungary
Main Patron: Dr. László Palkovics – State Minister for Higher Educations Patrons: Dr. Zsolt Páva – Major of Pécs
Dr. József Bódis – Rector of University of Pécs Dr. Attila Miseta – Dean of UP Medical School Dr. Miklós Nyitrai – Vice Dean for Science, UP Medical School
6TH October 2016 – Thursday
9.00 – 16.30 Materialise Mimics course on medical image based engineering – previous registration
required – University of Pécs Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Boszorkány Str. 2.
Room A116
10.45 – 11.00 Coffee Break
12.30 – 13.00 Lunch
14.45 – 15.00 Coffee Break
14.00 – 17.00 3D Innovation Challenge – presentation of the applications – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture
room
19.00 – 21.30 "UP 3D Printing Project Round Table" discussion, welcome champagne* – University of
Pécs Medical School Main Building
6
7TH – 8TH October 2016 – permanent exhibition of companies specialising in 3D printing and visualisation
3DZ Budapest Ltd. (3D Systems)
3D MediWhere Ltd.
Baltic 3D
BEDC- Simonyi Business and Economic Development Centre, UP
BioBots
DDD Manufactory (Evixscan 3D)
Dental Trade Ltd.
E-Nable Hungary
FreeDee Ltd. (MakerBot)
GreyPixel – Pickform
Herz Hungária Ltd.
KTTO – Technology Transfer Office, UP
Leopoly
Materialise
NuitLab
Philament
Prosfit
Regemat
Renergy Consulting Ltd.
Renishaw Plc.
SZKK – Szentágothai János Research Centre
Varinex Incorp. (Stratasys, EOS)
7
7TH October 2016 – Friday
8.00 – 12:00 Registration
9.00 – 9.30 Conference Opening (Dr. József Bódis, Dr. Miklós Nyitrai) – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room
9.30 – 10.50 Lecture Session 1 – Chairs: Miklós Nyitrai, Florian Thieringer – lecture: 15 minutes,
discussion: 5 minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room
9.30 – 9.50 Jose L. Pons 3D Printing: Prospects for Personalized Wearable
Robotics
9.50 – 10.10 Zoltán Csernátony How 3D Printing Can Support Musculoskeletal Surgery
10.10 – 10.30 Krisztián Sztojanov E-Nable Hungary, Printed Prosthetic Limbs for
Kids
10.30 - 10.50 Janis Jatnieks Mass Customization of Assistive Devices
10.50 – 11.10 Coffee Break
11.10 - 12.30 Lecture Session 2 – Chairs: György Falk, Jose L. Pons – lecture: 15 minutes, discussion: 5
minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room
11.05 – 11.25 Judit Pongrácz Tissue Printing – Dreams and Reality
11.25 – 11.45 Jose Manuel Baena Medical Devices Innovations in Orthopedic Surgery Using 3D Printing - Clinical Cases
11.45 – 12.05 Simon Vanooteghem 3D Printing: the Key Component in the Future of Medical Applications
12.05 – 12.25 Ricky Solorzano The BioBot 1 – Taking Biology 3D
12.30 – 13.30 Lunch *
8
13.30 – 14.50 Lecture Session 3 – Chairs: Judit Pongrácz, Simon Vanooteghem – lecture: 15 minutes,
discussion: 5 minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room
13.25 – 13.45 David Putrino Technology for the Sake of Humanity: 3D Printing for Social and Medical Good
13.45 – 14.05 Florian Thieringer Revolutionizing Medicine and Healthcare – 3D Printing in Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
14.05 – 14.25 Olivér Kniesz 3D Printing Meets Medical Devices - Certification
14.25 – 14.45 Vittorio Satta The Carlo Cattaneo LIUC Experience with the MakerBot Innovation Center - How 3D Technologies are Reshaping Health Processes in Italy
14.50 – 15.10 Coffee Break
15.10 – 16.30 Lecture Session 4 – Chairs: Péter Bogner, Jose Manuel Baena – lecture: 15 minutes,
discussion: 5 minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room
15.10 – 15.30 György Falk New Trends in 3D Printing
15.30 – 15.50 Gergely Modor Innovative LaserCUSING® Technology
15.50 – 16.10 István Háber 3D Printing in the Automotive Industry
16.10 – 16.30
Amy Karle
Art/Sci/Tech: Creating the Material, Revealing the Spiritual (with Reality Capture, CAD, Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing)
19.30 – Wine Dinner *
9
8TH October 2016 – Saturday
9.00 – 10.40 Lecture Session 5 – Chairs: György Fusz, David Putrino – lecture: 15 minutes, discussion: 5
minutes – Dr. Bachman Zoltán lecture room
9.00 – 11.30 Bioprinting Workshop Chair: Krisztián Kvell Room A102
9.00 - 11:00 – Dentistry Symposium – IN
HUNGARIAN Chair: Gyula Marada Room B001
9.00 – 9.20 István Hatos
Examples of the Practical Application of DMLS
9.00 – 9.35 Ricky Solorzano – 3D Bioprinting: What No
Other Technologies Can Achieve
9.00 – 9.30 Marada Gyula- Digitális Technikák
Alkalmazásának Lehetőségei a Fogászatban 9.20 – 9.40
Viktor Erdei 3D in the Zsolnay Manufacture
9.40 – 10.00 Sándor Manó 3D Printing Based
Bone Substitution
9.30 – 10.00 Falk György - 3D Nyomtatás Jelene és
Jövője
9.35 – 10.10 Maite Fernandez - Neuronal in Vitro
Models: From Primary Cultures to Patterned Neuronal Networks
10.00 – 10.20
Tsehai Johnson
Hybrid Identities: Inspiration and Appropriation in Contemporary American Ceramics
10.20 – 10.40
Dániel Német
IOT and 3D Printing - Distributed Economy is The Next Industrial Revolution
10.10 – 10.45
Jose M Baena – 3D Printing and Its
Applications in Health Care and the Emerging
Field of Bioprinting. The Future is Now.
10.00 – 10.30 Modor
Gergely - Digitális Jelen és Jövő a Fogászatban
10.45 – 11.30 Krisztián Kvell - 3D
Bioprinting: Possibilities and Pitfalls
10.30 – 11.00 Kövér Zsanett - Digitális
Technikák a Fogászat Határterületein
11.30 – 12.30 Lunch *
10
12.30 – 15.00 Workshop Session 2 Patient Specific Surgical Planning
Workshop Chair: Florian Thieringer Room A101
Ceramic Industry Workshop – IN HUNGARIAN Chair: György Fusz, Contributor: András Túri –
Matesz Room A102
Dentistry Workshop - IN HUNGARIAN Chair: Gyula
Marada Room B001
12.30 – 13.00 Florian Thieringer – Print Your Skull – How to Create
Printable Anatomical Models from Medical Imaging Data
12.30 – 13.00 Falk György - 3D Nyomtatók és Rendszerek a Szilikátipar Részére
CAD design 13.00 – 13.30 Ködmön István – Porcelán az
Elefántboltban - Avagy Egyensúly a XXI. és a XVII. Századi Technológiák Találkozásánál a
Herendi Porcelánmanufaktúránál
13.00 - 13.30 Balázs Gasz – Anastomosis Quality Analysis
Using 3D Technologies
CAM demonstration
13.30 – 14.00 Szakács Tibor - Virtuális Valóságtól a Míves Porcelánig - 3D Technológia Alkalmazása a Herendi
Porcelánmanufaktúránál
13.30 – 14.00 Péter Varga - 3D Printing Applications in Realistic
Medical Simulation
14.00 – 14.30 Tóth Lajos - A 3D-vel Nyomtatott
Tárgyak Különböző Színterelési Lehetőségei, Különös Tekintettel a Kerámia
Anyagokra.
Modor Gergely - D Bego Varseo 3D Nyomtató Bemutató, Marás a Roland DWX-51D 5
Tengelyes Marógéppel
14.00 – 15.00 FreeDee - Bespoke Medical Casts with 3D Scanning
and Desktop 3D Printing
14.30 – 15.00 Szász András - Kerámia Minta Alkatrészek 3D Scan Alapú Visszamodellezése,
Műszaki Dokumentálása
15.00 – 15.20 Coffee Break
11
15.20 – 17.50 Workshop Session 3
E-Nable Workshop Chair: Miklós Nyitrai Room A102
Industries Workshop Chair: István Háber Room A101
15.20 – 15.50 Péter Maróti – The Mechanical and Structural Effects of Printing Orientation in
3D Printed Upper Limb Prosthetics
15.20 – 15.50 ifj. Imre Győri - Generative Production Method Through 3D Laser Sintering
15.50 – 16.20 Krisztián Sztojanov – How we Make and Build and E-Nable Hand
15.50 – 16.20 Tibor Sipos – Product Developing and Rapid Prototyping of Enclosure of an Onboard
Computer
16.20 – 16.50 Péter Iványi – Generating Voxel
Mesh from Surface Models
16.20 – 16.50 Róbert Pilisi - Hungarian E-Nable
Chapter: a Case Study 16.50 – 17.20 József Köő – 3D Printer Building as
Students Project with Educational Focus
16.50 – 17.50 Interactive Workshop: Print, Build a Prostethic Hand for a Child!
17.20 – 17.50 Gábor Bazsali - 3D Printing from the Service Provider's Point of View
18.00 – 18.30 Awards Ceremony, Closing Remarks
*The marked programs are available only for the lecturers mentioned in this program and for the
exhibiting companies
12
International Scientific Committee
Chairman: Prof. Dr. Miklos Nyitrai
Members:
Dr. Zoltan Csernatony
Dr. Judit Pongracz
Dr. Krisztian Kvell
Dr. Istvan Ervin Haber
Dr. Gyorgy Fusz
Organizing Committee dr. Peter Maroti, MD
dr. Peter Varga, MD
Luca Toth
Robert Pilisi
dr. Gyula Marada, MD
Dr. Gyorgy Fusz
Dr. Istvan Ervin Haber
Publishing of the Abstract Book has been supported by GINOP 2.3.2-15-2016-00022 grant.
13
Abstracts of the Lecture
Sessions,
in list of timeline
14
How 3D Printing Can Support Musculoskeletal Surgery
Z.Csernátony andS. Manó
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Debrecen, Hungary
Index Terms: 3D printing, patient specific implant, spacer, musculoskeletal surgery.
We successfully apply 3D printing technology for several medical and surgical applications from 2005
when our Department initiated the technology in this field in Hungary.
Our main application area is fabricating custom made cranial defect substitutionsfor
neurosurgeons[1][2][3], however we had several musculoskeletal cases as well(Fig. 1). The basic principle
of the application is printing a 3D master model of the bone substitution based on CT scans and 3D design
then creating a silicone cast from the master model that allows the moulding of bone cement to the
replacement or the temporary spacerintraoperatively.
Fig. 1. Fabrication of a radius spacer based on 3D printing.
Beside fabricating spacers we use 3D printing to create models for surgical planning [4] and for medical
device design purposes as well in the field of musculoskeletal surgery.
In our presentation showing several patients’ cases we would like to prove that such a high-tech method
like 3D printing how could be an extremely useful daily application in surgery especiallyin musculoskeletal
surgery.
References [1] Z. Csernátony, L. Novák, L. Bognár, P. Ruszthi andS. Manó, “Számítógépestervezésűcranioplastica. Elsőhazaieredmények a
térbelinyomtatásorvosialkalmazásával,” Magyar Traumat.Ortop. 2007;50(3) pp.238-243.
[2] S. Manó, L. Novákand Z. Csernátony, “A 3D nyomtatástechnológiájánakalkalmazása a cranioplasticában,” BiomechanicaHungarica. 2008;1(1) pp. 15-20.
[3] Z. Csernátony Z, S.Manó,“Digitálistechnikák a szájsebészetben,”in A digitálisfogászatalapjai, C. Hegedűs, Ed. Debrecen:MedicinaKiadó, 2016, (In press).
[4] J. Szabó, S. Manó, Á. Lőrincz, G. Győrfi, L. Kiss and Z. Csernátony, “The Biological and Biomechanical Comparison of Two Bulk Bone Graft Techniques Used in Case of Dysplastic Acetabulum,” Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol, 2014;24, pp.679–684.
15
e-Nable Hungary, Printed Prosthetic Limbs for Kids
Krisztian Sztojanov
e-NABLE Hungary
Index Terms: Prosthetics, Children, Community, Volunteer, Free
The e-NABLE Community is a group of individuals from all over the world who are using their 3D
printers to create free 3D printed hands and arms for those in need of an upper limb assistive device.
They are people who have put aside their political, religious, cultural and personal differences – to come
together and collaborate on ways to help improve the open source 3D printable designs for hands and arms
for those who were born missing fingers or who have lost them due to war, disease or natural disaster.
The e-NABLE Community is made up of teachers, students, engineers, scientists, medical professionals,
tinkerers, designers, parents, children, scout troops, artists, philanthropists, dreamers, coders, makers and
every day people who just want to make a difference and help to “Give The World A Helping Hand.”
The Hungarian group started to operate in 2014 giving the possibility to make this community more
known, especially in the region of central Europe.
Following the fundamentals of the mother community, e-NABLE Hungary wishes to meet the local
requirements and fit to the local needs. Those who need help can be supported in their own language by us.
And also teamwork for certain projects appears to be more successful and fruitful with more personal
involvement.
Since 2014 we have successfully delivered more than five hands and two arms to children in Hungary.
Joe Cross, the founder of the Hungarian group could deliver hands to Ghana in February 2016. These
hands were made by Hungarian volunteers in order to help children in Ghana.
We are continuously looking for an opportunity to find recipients in Hungary. Fortunately nowadays we
get more and more publicity. The e-Nable Hungary soon will be formed to an official organization. Our
most important goal is to connect those who wish to help with those who need help. Also we would like to
be the source of knowledge to make and develop 3D printable prosthetics.
16
An improved biofabrication process to enhance cell survival and
distribution in bioprinted scaffolds for cartilage regeneration
José Manuel Baena
Research associate "Advanced therapies: differentiation, regeneration and cancer" IBIMER,CIBM,
Universidad de Granada, Spain
Tissue regeneration (TR) is currently one of the most challenging biotechnology unsolved
problems. Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary science that aims at solving the problems of TR. TE
could solve pathologies and improve the quality of life of billions of people around the world suffering
from tissue damages.
New advances in stem cell (SC) research for the regeneration of tissue injuries have opened a new
promising research field. However, research carried out nowadays with two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures
do not provide the expected results, as 2D cultures do not mimic the 3D structure of a living tissue.
Some of the commonly used polymers for cartilage regeneration are Poly-lactic acid (PLA) and its
derivates as Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), Poly(glycolic acids) (PGAs) and derivates as Poly(lactic-co-glycolic
acids) (PLGAs) and Poly caprolactone (PCL). All these materials can be printed using fused deposition
modelling (FDM), a process in which a heated nozzle melt a thermoplastic filament and deposit it in a
surface, drawing the outline and the internal filling of every layer. All this procedures uses melting
temperatures that decrease viability and cell survival.
Research groups around the world are focusing their efforts in finding low temperature printing
thermoplastics or restricted geometries that avoid the contact of the thermoplastic and cells at a higher
temperature than the physiologically viable. This has mainly 2 problems; new biomaterials need a long
procedure of clearance before they can be used in clinical used, and restrictions in geometries will limit
the clinical application of 3D printing in TE.
We have developed an enhanced printing processes named Injection Volume Filling (IVF) to
increase the viability and survival of the cells when working with high temperature thermoplastics without
the limitation of the geometry. We have demonstrated the viability of the printing process using
chondrocytes for cartilage regeneration. This development will accelerate the clinical uptake of the
technology and overcomes the current limitation when using thermoplastics as scaffolds.
17
3D Medical Printing the key component in Future of Medical
Applications
Simon Vanoothegem
Abstract:There is a growing trend towards personalization of medical care, as evidenced by the emphasis
on outcomes based medicine, the latest developments in CT and MR imaging and personalized treatment
in a variety of surgical disciplines. 3D Printing has been introduced and applied in medical field since 2000.
The first applications were in field of dental implants and custom prosthetics [1, 2]. According to recent
publications, 3D printing in medical field has been used in a wide range of applications which can be
organized into several categories including implants, prosthetics, anatomical models and tissue
bioprinting. Some of these categories are still in their infancy stage of concept of proof while others are in
application phase such as the design and manufacturing of customized implants and prosthesis. The
approach of 3D printing in this category has been successfully used in the health care sector to make both
standard and complex implants within a reasonable amount of time. In this study we would like to refer
to some of the clinical applications of 3D printing in design and manufacturing of a patient-specific (hip)
implant. In cases where patients have complex bone geometries or are undergoing a complex revision on
(hip) replacement, the traditional surgical methods are not efficient and hence these patients require
patient-specific approaches.There are major advantages in using this new technology for medical
applications, however in order to get this technology widely accepted in medical device industry, there is
a need for gaining more acceptance from the medical device regulatory offices. This is a challenge that is
moving onward and will help the technology find its way at the end as an accepted manufacturing method
for medical device industry in an international scale. The discussion will conclude with some examples
describing the future directions of 3D Medical Printing.
References:
[1]Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, et al. Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on
biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Anal Chem. 2014;86(7):3240–3253
[2] Cui X, Boland T, D’Lima DD, Lotz MK. Thermal inkjet printing in tissue engineering and regenerative
medicine. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. 2012;6(2):149–155.
18
3D Printing for Research and Social Good:
Technology for the Sake of Humanity
D. Putrino1,2 1Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York, USA
2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
Index Terms: 3D Printing, Brain Computer Interface, Upper limb prosthetics.
3D printing technologies are developing at an astounding rate, and we are finding more uses for them
every single day. It is a rapidly developing industry that has significantly disrupted business-as-usual in
many different fields. In the research world, our ability to use 3D Printing to rapidly prototype and build
has made it possible to conduct multiple experiments, or practice complicated procedures more
completely. In healthcare delivery, 3D printing has significantly impacted the practice of personalized
medicine, as well as giving us a new generation of tools to visualize patient anatomy in three dimensions.
Finally, in the humanitarian space, 3D printing has been instrumental in allowing us to build technologies
and devices in places where it is difficult to find materials to build. In this presentation, I will discuss my
personal experiences with 3D printing technologies. The objectives of this presentation will be to
highlight and explain the different ways that my team and I have used3D printing technology for basic
research, clinical practice and humanitarian ventures. I will attempt to walk you through all the successes
(and failures!) of using 3D printing in the modern medical world.
19
The LIUC Experience with the MakerBot Innovation Center
How 3D technologies are reshaping health processes in Italy
Vittorio Satta1 Eng., Contract Professor, Management Engineering Faculty, LIUC UniversitàCattaneo, Castellanza (VA)
ABSTRACT - 2nd INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY 3D PRINTING CONFERENCE
Index Terms: Additive manufacturing, Communication improvement, Pre surgical phase.
Additive manufacturing is promoting the opportunity of manyapplications in the medical domain.
One of the less knownimplications of the use of 3D toolsis the ease for anyindividual to develop new solutions
to problems by personallycreating and experimenting the effectiveness of suchsolutionwithout the help of
technologyexperts.
Within the medicalfield, additive manufacturing isprovinghelpfulboth for routinaryactivities (eg dime for
osteotomy or for the application of holes), and in specific and rare cases, suchascreatinganatomicalreplicas for
the pre-surgicalstudy of a clinical case, or for the diagnosticstudy of
thoseclinicalcaseswhentraditionaldiagnostictechniques for images provideunclearoutcomes.
The MakerBot LIUC Innovation Center hascarried out research in this area, alsothrough the investigation of
some clinicalcasesavailablethanks to the partnership with Milan Bicocca University, San Raffaele
ResearchInstitute, IRCCS Galeazzi, HumanitasResearch Hospital, Aitasit and others.
So far, our research highlights the increasingdiffusion of new practices based on the creation with additive
technologies of clinicalproblems.
The casesweanalyseddemonstratedsignificantimprovements. Oneexampleis a more
effectivecommunicationbetweendoctor and patients: when the clinician shows the patient the 3d self
printedreplication of the patient’sanatomical part under analysis, shegets a
higherawarenessabouthermedicalproblem.
Another improvement deriving by the use of additive technologies in the pre-surgicalphase, consists in the
lowerrisk of bleeding, and the faster post-surgicaloutcome of the patient.
During the presentation, wewillpresented some of thesecaseswhosestudyisundergoingat the LIUC
MakerBotInnovation Center.
20
3D Printing in the Automotive Industry
I. E. Haber* *University of Pecs/Department of Applied Informatics, Pécs, Hungary
Index Terms: 3d printing, pem fc, cfd, aerodynamics.
3D printing is a relatively new approach to manufacture parts and it can be very well utilized in making
energy efficient structures e.g. light weight, new design approaches. Our institute’s, Polack Eco Team has
a big experience in making light weight, energy efficient vehicles, where 3D printing is already involved in
several ways. The new opportunities which were made possible through the new 3D printing facility, which
will built up on our faculty, will help to make a new generation in our researches possible. The basic design
has be renewed and the new aim is to make an urban vehicle which uses the results of the former projects.
Hereby it should be investigated what parts of the new vehicle can be manufactured by this new kind of
process. As pre-study the parts are taken into examination, where 3d printing could be used.
At the ORCA car, the steering wheel and some other small parts were finished using this technique, but
there are lot more possibilities. Knowing projects from all around the world, it could be used in cooling
system design of the electric engines (i.e. BME formula one team), fuel cell design can be altered using 3D
printing [1], and also biocomposite parts can be manufactured [2,3]. The printed form in small scale can be
used to investigate the design goodness, and the aerodynamic properties [4], as in this case it came out for
2,42 drag coefficient value (CD) for the early phase model by cfd.
There is already a first design white board plan for the car, which has been printed for design check, where
the overall form can be examined (Fig. 1.). It has showed places where improvements are necessary.
Fig. 2. 3D model and the printed design check in early phase
For first sight the following parts will be made by 3D printing. In the interior, the steering wheel, while it
needs a special design, has to be very lightweight, and must contain the unique electronics parts (but it might
be reinforced by fiber material and resin) and some other parts of the armature bread. In the propulsion
system the engine holders, electronics housings, the fuel cell’s weight reducing replacements (much lighter,
but stronger base plates), etc. From the exterior side some design stripes will be applied, which can be made
by 3D printing.
For all these applications, the SLS technique is perfect, it gives an acceptable surface for prototyping use.
References [5] B.D. Gould, J.A. Rodgers, M. Schuette, K. Bethune, S. Louis, R. Rocheleau, K.S. Lyons: Performance of 3D-Printed Fuel
Cells and Stacks, ECS Trans., 2014, Vol. 64(3), pp. 935-944.
21
[6] R. A. Giordano, B. M. Wu, S. W. Borland, L. G. Cima, E. M. Sachs, M. J. Cima: Mechanical properties of dense polylactic acid structures fabricated by three dimensional printing, J. Biomater. Sci. Polym., Ed. 8, pp. 64–75, 1996.
[7] B. Tisserat, Z. Liu, V. Finkenstadt, B. Lewandowski, S. Ott, L. Reifschneider: 3D printing biocomposites, Plastics Research Online, 2015, pp 1-3.
[8] I. Haber, N. Novak: Composite alternative vehicle with solar equipment, Proceedings of the 1st Regional Conference - Mechatronics in Practice and Education, 08-10. 12. 2011, Subotica, Serbia, pp. 192-200.
22
Examples of the practical application of DMLS
I. Hatos*,1 *Szechenyi Istvan University/Department of Materials Science and Technology, Győr, Hungary
Index Terms: laser sintering, DMLS
Since the 1970s, SLS has improved from an idea to a prosperous technology. In 1971 Pierre Ciraud
described a method for layer manufacturing parts from powdered materials. Six years later Hausholder filed
a patent application which included the concept of SLS and SLM systems. SLS was created in the 1980s at
The University of Texas. Carl Deckard started to investigate a method, which melted particles of powder
together to make a real part by a directed energy beam. The first commercially laser sintering systems were
in the market in 1992 from the company DTM. The second commercial laser sintering system was launched
by EOS in 1994. At the beginning these systems were limited to work with polymer powders. The companies
introduced laser sintering processes for building parts “directly” from metal powders, but in different ways.
DTM chose an indirect method by laser sintering a polymer coated metal powder, followed by a heat up
process to remove the polymer, finally infiltrated with a secondary metal to fill the metal matrix. The first
commercial direct system (DMLS, EOSINT M250) was developed by EOS and Electrolux Rapid
Development in 1995. In 2004 EOS introduced the EOSINT M270 system, which uses a dual-focus solid-
state fiber laser. In the last years many similar technology developed and offered by other companies
(Concept Laser – laser cusing, MCP – selective laser melting, Arcam – electron beam melting etc.) [1-3].
In Hungary, the first industrial DMLS system (EOS EOSINT M270) installed in 2011 at the Széchenyi
István University. Since then, we have been working with this technology on research projects and industrial
jobs. We made a number of workpieces for industrial partners. During my presentation I would like to
introduce the manufacturing and design benefits of the technology.
EOSINT M270:
Building volume: 250x250x215 mm
Layer thickness: 0,02 mm
Typical tolerance: ± 0,05-0,2 mm
Advantages of the DMLS process:
• full dense parts,
• efficient material processing – nearly part mass of material is used,
• freedom of design, such as complex internal structures,
• no tooling,
• the volume of parts dictates price instead of complexity,
• thin wall and variable thickness components.
References [9] E. C. Santos, M. Shiomi, K. Osakada, T. Laoui: Rapid manufacturing of metal components by laser forming, Internal Journal
of Machine Tools & Manufacture 46 (2006), 1459-1468
[10] Yu Wang: Mechanical properties and microstructure of laser sintered and starch consolidated iron-based powders, Dissertation, Karlstad University, Karlstadt, 2008
[11] M. Shellabear, O. Nyrhilä: DMLS – Development history and state of the art, LANE 2004 Conference, Erlangen, Germany, Sept. 21-24, 2004
23
3D Printing Based Bone Substitution
S. Manó andZ.Csernátony
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Debrecen, Hungary
Index Terms: 3D printing, patient specific implant, mechanical properties, mechanical test.
Our institute successfully applies a special bone cement and silicone based molding method for custom
made bone implants from 2005. We’ve already introduced the general workflow and details of the technique
one year ago at the 1stInternational and Interdisciplinary 3D Conference, Pécs (Fig 1.)[1][2][3][4]but now
we would like to focus on the mechanical aspect of the method.
Fig. 3. Cranial defect substitution using 3D printing.
The main goal of our mechanical investigation was to prove that the strength of the implant and the mold
made by our method is appropriate.
Our work has started with the examination of the silicone. We collected as many transparent silicone
products as possible and measured the tensile and compression strength and the Shore hardness in different
temperatures of them.
In the next step we focused on the bone cement so the material of the implant. In this case we compared
the strength of the bone cement to dry human skull and fresh pig skull specimens and performed several
finite element analysis based on the data.
The results of our examinations showed that the mechanical properties of the materials we use to fabricate
custom made bone substitutions have the desired level.
References [1] Z. Csernátony, L. Novák, L. Bognár, P. Ruszthi andS. Manó, “Számítógépestervezésűcranioplastica. Elsőhazaieredmények a
térbelinyomtatásorvosialkalmazásával,” Magyar Traumat.Ortop. 2007;50(3) pp.238-243.
[2] S. Manó, L. Novákand Z. Csernátony, “A 3D nyomtatástechnológiájánakalkalmazása a cranioplasticában,” BiomechanicaHungarica. 2008;1(1) pp. 15-20.
[3] Z. Csernátony Z, S.Manó,“Digitálistechnikák a szájsebészetben,”in A digitálisfogászatalapjai, C. Hegedűs, Ed. Debrecen:MedicinaKiadó, 2016, (In press).
[4] J. Szabó, S. Manó, Á. Lőrincz, G. Győrfi, L. Kiss and Z. Csernátony, “The Biological and Biomechanical Comparison of Two Bulk Bone Graft Techniques Used in Case of Dysplastic Acetabulum,” Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol, 2014;24, pp.679–684.
24
Hybrid Identities: Inspiration and Appropriation in Contemporary
American Ceramics
Tsehai Johnson, Denver
Three-dimensional digital technologies offer new tools for use by visual artists and designers. As
material choices and building processes often act as a metaphor in art, this is an important time
explore and evaluate how these new tools are influencing both content and techniques in studio
ceramics. This paper explores the various manners that CAD/CAM printing technologies have
been utilized by ceramic artists and is an evaluation of the influence of three-dimensional printing
in the field of contemporary American ceramic art.
25
“IOT and 3D printing -
Distributed economy is the next industrial revolution”
Daniel G. Nemet
There has been a number of economic paradigm shifts in human history. These all have a common trait: that
three breakthrough technologies (or technology families) occur at the same time – which create a general
purpose technology platform that fundamentally changes the way we manage, power and move economic
activity across the value chains. These are:
Communication technologies to manage economic activity
Energy sources to power economic activity
Transportation technologies to move economic activity
The third (or sometimes referred to as fourth) industrial revolution is evolving around digitalization, powered
by a mature communication internet, distributed renewable energy sources and autonomous transportation
technologies. This new industrial revolution is integrated through IOT, acting as a platform between
communication, energy and transportation, where all physical data soon will be digitalized by sensors. By
2030 we’ll reach ubiquitous interconnectivity, reaching the complexity of human brain. Today already, the
whole world is going online using cheap mobile phones to access real time economic data. Accessibility to
technology levels the playing field where Blockhain based transactional validation ensures secure, direct
Peer-to-Peer engagement dismissing the middle man.
Using advanced analytics and algorithms, mining data
and information that’s valuable on your value chain will
dramatically increase the overall efficiency of the
economy. Every step of conversion in the value chain
will increase productivity while reducing ecological
footprint. Increased aggregate productivity will also
mean drastically reduced marginal cost, to a level where
they are near zero. Think of Uber, Solar City, AirBnB.
Marginal cost of these services is already near zero. IoT
enables the transformation of capitalism towards sharing
/ distributed economy. We already live in a hybrid
economy where we share our own abundant virtual goods, in
the shape of information, data, algorithms, platforms or applications. In the following 20-30 years everybody
will be connected, all consumers we’ll be transformed to prosumers. Creative commons will replace IP;
Social Capital already has a lot more versatility and power then pure financial capital. Ownership will be
replaced by access; and vertically integrated companies that fuel the linear economy model will be replaced
by laterally scaled companies building on circular economy models.
Consumers Prosumers
IP CC
Competition Cooperation
Ownership Access
FinancialCap. SocialCap
Linear Circular
26
Now as IoT is moving into brick and mortar world,
additive manufacturing will replace centralized
production lines. Along with everything else, aggregate
efficiency as shape complexity is virtually free, the
marginal cost of production closing onto near zero.
You can design anything and with little to no skill just
hit the print button. Scalability is still a question, and
material sciences are still have a long way to go, but
from DNA printing to complex metal printing, new
distributed solutions already possess use cases that we
could have not imagined even five years ago. There are
already 3D printers on the market what use open
software, open hardware and can work with all sort of
materials. Can you imagine what our world will be like
in 2050?
References [1] Jeremy Rifkin: “The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of
Capitalism Paperback” - July 7, 2015
[2] Carl Bass, “3D Printing & Design - The Future of How Things are Made” (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqABiBtPFuA
27
Abstracts of the
Bioprinting Workshop,
in list of timeline
28
Neuronal in vitromodels: fromprimary cultures topatterned neuronal
networks
M.T. Fernández-Sánchez*1, A. Novelli*, V. Rodríguez-Montequín†and F. Ortega† *University of Oviedo/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oviedo, Spain
†University of Oviedo/ Project Engineering, Oviedo, Spain
Index Terms: Microelectrode Array, Bioprinting, CNS neurons.
Primary cultures of central nervous system (CNS) cellsare very suitable experimental systems widely
used to reveal neurobiological mechanisms. Cultured neurons have been also of great importance to study
the neurotoxicity due to exposure to a variety of insults, including environmental toxins, and our group has
pioneered the study of the physiological and toxicological effects of excitatory amino acids and seafood
toxins on cultured neurons. [1][2][3].
Although very useful, the use of cultured neurons as neurosensors relies often on the detection of
neurotoxicity markers rather than on the detection of neurophysiological changes, which can be affected at
concentrations of the toxin causing no visible effects on cell viability or morphology. The analysis of signals
generated by in vitro neuronal networks growth on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) constitutes a novel
approach to create a new concept of neurosensors. We have successfully used this technique to determine
the functional effects of subtoxic brief and prolonged exposures to neurotoxicants (see Fig 1).
Fig. 4. Effect of seafood toxin prorocentroic acid on spontaneous electrical activity of cultured cortical neurons
Recorded data from the activity of the neuronal network in different experimental conditions can be used
in the training of cluster algorithms to recognize spatio-temporal patterns in the spike train, and be coupled
to motor commands for bio-robotic hybrid devices [4], whose behavior is dictated by the patterns of activity
of the network. While this is still a starting up field,the MEA methodology is holding a promising
perspective for the understanding of behavioral processes such as learning and memory, at least in their
simplest form, and their use in testing useful and dangerous molecules.
The experimental control over the topology and connectivity pattern of neurons on the surface is of central
interest in MEA studies. For this purpose, microcontact printing represents a simple and efficient approach
to achieve the spatial confinement of neuronal structures in the network, helping to improve the neuron-
electrode coupling and the quality and reproducibility of the recordings. The use of bio-patterned cultures
on MEAs, with a precise organization of neuronal network architecture will also allow for1) a better
kwnoledge of how changes in connectivity influence the emergent activity of the network; 2) mathematical
modeling of single neuron properties, that may be masked by collective activity in random networks; and
3) the development of more accurate in vitro models of specific brain structures, to improve our
understanding of brain functioning and its overall response to neurotoxicants.
References [1] M.T. Fernández, V. Zitko, S. Gascón, A. Novelli, “The marine toxin Okacaic Acid is a potent neurotoxin for cultured cerebellar
neurons”, Life Sciences, 1991, 49, PL-157-PL-162.
29
[2] A. Novelli, J. Kispert, M.T. Fernández-Sánchez. A.Torreblanca, V. Zitko, “Domoic acid-containing toxic mussels produce neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures through a synergism between excitatory amino acids”, Brain Res., 1992, 577:41-48
[3] H.J. Domínguez, J.G.Napolitano, M.T. Fernández-Sánchez, D. Cabrera-García, A. Novelli, N. Norte, J.J. Fernández, A. H. Daranas, “Belizentrin, a highly bioactive macrocycle from the dinoflagellateProrocentrumbelizeanum”,Org Lett. 2014 16:4546-4549.
[4] T. DeMarse, D.A. Wagennar, A.W. Blau, S.W. Potter.“The Neurally Controlled Animat: Biological Brains Acting with Simulated Bodies”. Autonomous Robots, 2001, 11, 305–310.
30
Creating Human Personalized Functional Thymus Tissue from
peripheral Blood on 3D Scaffold
Krisztian Kvell MD PhD Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs
Index Terms: thymus, scaffold, imunity
Summary Our plan outlines a complex 3D bioprinting- and biotechnology-based process. It allows for creating
functional thymus tissue using an biocomptible scaffold. Cellular elements are prepared from a byproduct
of blood-transfusion (buffy coat) that is person-specific and thus has potential for personalized therapy in
specific cases of i.e. acute immune deficiency. Our research group has expertise in all the necessary steps.
3D bioprinted scaffold Our research group has hands-on experience working with 3D bioprinter systems. We are capable of printing
3D scaffold that is optimal for culturing adherent cells (like epithelial or fibroblast cells). Scaffold material
is bioPCL (polycaprolactone) that is sterile-printed, antigen and LPS-free, both biocompatible and
biodegradable, suitable for the suggested immunological application.
Creating cellular components of thymus tissue from peripheral blood Buffy coat is a byproduct of blood transfusion that contains nuclear cells enriched from 500ml human
peripheral blood. Two cell types will be purified and further processed:
Establishment of thymic epithelial and fibroblast cells
Peripheral blood monocytes are easily purified by adherence. A special trans-differentiation protocol
allows for the production of blood-borne fibroblasts (fibrocytes). Fibroblasts can then be efficiently
further differentiated into first cortical thymic epithelial cells (by over-expressing FoxN1) then into
medullary thymic epithelial cells (by over-expressing AIRE). These will be seeded on 3D bioprinted
scaffolds providing the necessary niche to support thymocyte development. We have experience in
handling human peripheral blood products, their stable transfection and trans-differentiation.
Establishment of thymocyte progenitors
Buffy coat preparations also contain hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs), albeit at very low frequencies. Yet
they can be efficiently enriched by magnetic separation, a technique regularly used by our research group.
Once HSCs are provided with the proper micro-environment (3D scaffold with epithelial and fibroblast
cells from above) they readily begin T-cell lineage commitment to develop into thymocytes.
Maturation and functional analysis T-cell lineage commitment is a well characterized, precisely orchestrated process that requires regulated
micro-environment and also sufficient time. During this functional thymus tissue may require dynamic
(rather than static) culture conditions. Bioreactors required for steady flow tissue culturing will soon be
available to our research group. We also have experience evaluating in vitro thymocyte development.
Applications The outlined complex process represents the current state-of-the-art in both 3D bioprinting and
biotechnology. On one hand it provides a unique research tool for regenerative immunology for basic
research. On the other hand it also holds promise for future personalized therapy of certain acute immune
deficiencies as an outcome of applied research.
REFERENCES
31
[1] http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/z694673
[2] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19818792
[3] https://www.stemcell.com/media/files/wallchart/WA10006-Frequencies_Cell_Types_Human_Peripheral_Blood.pdf
32
Abstracts of the
Dentistry Symposium,
in list of timeline
33
Digitális Technikák Alkalmazásának Lehetőségei a Fogászatban
Dr. Marada Gyula
Pécsi Tudományegyetem Fogorvostudományi Szak Fogpótlástani Tanszék
Az előadás célja, hogy összefoglalja a digitális technikák és technológiák felhasználási
lehetőségeit a fogorvosi, illetve fogtechnikai gyakorlatban. A különböző felhasználási irányok
mellett ismerteti azok előnyét illetve hátrányát a jelenleg alkalmazott technológiákkal
összehasonlítva különös tekintettel a digitális technikák jelenlegi korlátaira.
A fogorvosi felhasználás mellett külön hangsúlyt fektetünk a fogtechnikai vonatkozásokra és
odontotechnológiai és anyagtani szempontokat figyelembe véve történik az eltérő rendszerek
ismertetése és bemutatása.
34
Abstracts of the Patient
Specific Surgical
Planning Workshop,
in list of timeline
35
Anastomosis Quality Analysis Using 3D Technologies
B Gasz, P Varga and P Maróti
University of Pécs
Index Terms: computational fluid dynamics, 3D scanning, surgical skill education
In surgical practice the quality of surgically created connections between vessels (vascular anastomosis)
can be hardly controlled and there are only a several irrespective data about the quality and long term result
of vascular anastomoses.
It was aimed to develop a method for comprehensive analysis of vascular anastomosis. Using analysis of
3D morphology and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) broad-spectrum of information can be acquired
about the anastomosis quality and this method is aimed to be used in surgical skill education.
During training courses, surgeons can ascertain a comprehensive analysis of 3D morphology of their
anastomosis. On the other hand blood flow through the anastomosis can be simulated in different conditions
and long-term function of the anastomoses can be assessed. Anastomosed vessels are scanned using high
precision 3D scanner following reconstruction of inner surface of vessels and anastomosis. After extensive
meshing process CFD is performed for simulating pressure, velocity, turbulent flow, vorticity in vessels,
furthermore wall shear stress and oscillatory shear stress analysis method are applied to prognosticate long-
term behaviour of the anastomosis. Different pressure and flow situations are simulated according to
conditions obtained by real cases. Patient specific situations and anatomical, pathological variances
ofvesselare imitated by 3D printed simulators.
Fig. 1. Representative appearance of wall shear stress analysis on vascular anastomis performed by a
course attending surgeon.
Using the anastomosis quality analysis surgeons are able to practice their technique according to 3D, CFD
analysis. Surgeons can correct the technique of anastomosis according to comprehensive analysis and
better long term results of vascular anastomoses are suspected.
36
3D Printing Applications in Realistic Medical Simulation
P. Varga1, P. Maroti1, A. Schlegl1, M. Nyitrai2, Sz. Rendeki1, G. Jancso3, B. Gasz3
1Medical Skills Lab, Pécs University Faculty of Medicine 2Department of Biophysics, Pécs University Faculty of Medicine
3Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Pécs University Faculty of Medicine
Index Terms: 3D printing, 3DP, simulation, skills lab, medical education, innovative
Background: Simulation is playing more and more important role in healthcare higher education. It can
improve the students’ self-confidence, satisfaction in their education thus patient safety1. Financial side of
hands on trainings and scenario-based education must be noted though just like the level of fidelity of the
commercially available simulators. We hypothesize that 3D technologies like 3D printing (3DP) can prove
to be useful and cost-effective solutions in the field of healthcare simulation.
Summary of Work: Patient-specific data was segmented from DICOM images captured during routine
patient care using an open-source semi-automatic segmenting software (Slicer 3D 4.5) for different
applications (development of intraosseus access simulator, demonstration of complex pathological cases in
the field of vascular surgery and orthopedics, etc.). Post processing was done with an open-source software
(Blender). Having the printable 3D models we used selective laser sintering, fused filament fabrication and
PolyJet printing technologies. In simulator development the process ended in molding based on the 3D
printed models. Fidelity and cost-effectiveness was monitored and in-depth interviews were made with the
testers.
Results: All the participating testers of different expertise levels (students, resident doctors and medical
specialists) reported that the models made the understanding of each procedures or pathologies easier and
some of them were considered to be more realistic than the commercially available models. In the case of
the intraosseus trainer we made a financial study and got the results of involving 3DP in simulator
development can decrease the costs by 60 %.
Discussion: Involving 3D printed models in medical simulation has advantages for both teachers and
students. It helps understanding the procedures and visualizing complex pathological abnormalities. It also
can assist the development of more realistic and cost-effective simulators.
Conclusion: The patient specific 3D printed models proved to be excellent tools for medical simulation
both in education and in equipment development.
References:
1. Reducing avoidable deaths from failure to rescue: a discussion paper.
Waldie J1, Tee S2, Day T3
37
Abstracts of the E-
Nable Workshop,
in list of timeline
38
The mechanical and structural effects of printing orientation in 3D printed upper limb prosthetics
Péter Maróti1, János Móczár1, Péter Varga2, Zoltán Meiszterics3, Tamás Zsebe3, Hajnalka Ábrahám4, Miklós Nyitrai1
[1]University of Pecs, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti u. 12.
[2] University of Pecs, Medical School, Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti u. 12.
[3] University of Pecs, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, H-7624
Pécs, Boszorkány. u. 2.
[4]University of Pecs, Medical School, Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti u. 12.
Background:
3D printed, open-source upper limb prosthetics have become very popular worldwide inthe last few years. The free
.stl files are easy to scale, modify and they are cost-effective to print and can help a lots of patients with congenital
and traumatic limb-loss. Despite of this, there are no scientific publication focusing on the different statical and
dynamical mechanical properties of the used 3D printing materials and methods.
Aim:
In our study we compared how do the different printing orientations (marked with X,Y,Z) can affect the statical and
dynamical mechanical properties of various3D printing materials (FDM ABS, PolyJet© ABS and Vero Grey©, ,
SLS Poliamide,FDM ULTEM). All of these materials can be used producing upper-limb prosthetics, however ABSis
one of the most common ones. Our aim was to compare the values characteristic for the different materials to give an
overview about the possible application of the different 3D printing technologies.
Methods:
We used Charpy-impact test, 3-point bending test for dynamical and statical evaluation of the printing orientations.
We measured the Shore D hardness and used scanning electronmicroscopy for structural evaluation. Test-specimens
according to ISO179-1 were used.
Conclusion:
3D printing orientation has a significant effect onthe stiffness of the structure of the 3D printed upper-limb prosthetic
parts. Comparing the different orientations, Z direction showed the less strength and hardness values. X and Y
orientations are significantly stronger. We also found connection between printing resolution and the mechanical
properties in FDM/FFF technology.
39
Production and development of cost-efficient, 3D-printed upper-
limb prostheses
Robert Pilisi
Introduction
Prostheses show constant advancementsincetheirfirstapplication in the antiquity. We wish to lay the
foundations of the nextgeneration of artificialextremities.
There are almost 2.000.000 people living with lost extremities inthe USA, and there are 185.000
amputationsperformedannually.
The leadingtechnology of ourpresentday is 3D printing, whichgainsgrowingattention in the medicalfield.
We wish to jointhis trend bydevelopingpersonalizedprosthesesforemost in Hungary.
Summary of Work
Open-source prostheses, manufacturedbyeasilyaccessibleprinters, regardingtheir cost-efficiency,
functionality and the waytheyimprove the user’squality of lifewereexamined.
We utilized anXYZ DaVinci 1.0 and a Lambda 200Fprinter. To operate the printerXYZware software, for
3D-designing the Blender and Autodesk Inventor Professional 2016 were used.
The subject of our pilot study is an 8 years old child with left arm missing from the elbow. We
manufactured two hybrid models for her.
Summary of Results
Construction costed 32€, 10%-2% of the 320-1600€ price of official prostheses. Activities of daily life
(AODL) showed no significant change for the first prostheses, but they improved for the second
one.Positive psychological benefitsoccured. We encountered problems in the measurement of the affected
limb. There is no precise method of scaling with open-source models.
Conclusion
3D-printed prostheses may improve the quality of daily life and also have beneficial psychological effects.
There is no cost-efficient testing method currently available. With the research team we propose a new,
affordable, 3D-printable assessment kit and a scoring system.We wish to improve further 3D-printed
prostheses based on patient’s feedback.
40
Abstracts of the
Industries Workshop,
in list of timeline
41
High-Tech Investment Casting
I. Győri Jr.* *MAGYARMET FinomöntödeKft., Bicske, Hungary
Index Terms: Rapid Prototyping, Polystyrene, Precision Investment Casting, SLS Process, Exotic Alloys.
Complex servicing of the client’s demands. This motto has been leading the MAGYARMET
Finomöntöde Kft. for 35 years now, and makes us a prominent and worldwide acknowledged company of
the casting industry. The requirements of the clients are growing steadily, meeting them we have to
continuously keep watching the markets, the directions for technology development. Most important
requirements, which foundries are facing today are:more complex designs and geometries of castings,
special alloys, short delivery time, even in 1-2 weeks.
Being it a new development or a product, which has not been produced for a long time, and no tooling is
available for it, in both cases the 3D technology is a solution. If beyond these the surface finish and the
price-performance ratio are important, then the solution is served by MAGYARMET Finomöntöde Kft.: 35
years of experience with lost wax casting united with high-tech SLS (selective laser sintering) process. In
this case we are talking about high-tech precision casting, above this is only one level left, the direct metal
printing. But the DMLS process has only distant similarities to the conventional casting process.
There are various alternatives to create geometric, functional or technical prototypes of a newly developed
product using generative production methods. Depending on accuracy, properties of the material, needed
quantity, required surface quality and complexity the most appropriate chain of operations should be chosen.
The implementation of all this procedures, starting with the CAD-model, going through the generative
production process, as well as through the steps of the production technology (assembly of the casting unit,
shelling, pouring of metal, grinding, blasting, machining), up to the final quality approval, is determining
for the contribution of the ready-to-assemble castings to the success in reducing the time of development.It
is extremely important to get these parts through the production process as quickly as only possible.
Fig. 1. Solidification simulation with SoftCAST. Fig. 2.SLS process with polystyrene.
42
Product development and rapid prototyping of enclosure of an
onboard computer.
Tibor SIPOS*, Dr. István Ervin Háber
†
*
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Pécs, Hungary
† University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
Index Terms: Enclosure, Rapid prototyping, product developing, 3D Printing, Milling, Drilling, Functional Analysis
This enclosure is contain the cover parts of an onboard computer on the vehicles of public transport.
Fig. 2. First version of design. The enclosure is transparent and show the inner content.
A few years ago a local company approached us with a request to them to develop an on-board computer
cover. The starting point of our development of the client's previous similar products, previously established
plan and design that was available on the market.
The first step in the development was the information research. We collected data on the usage and the
manufacturing of the product from the stakeholders. We revealed the needs for the product and after we
made an brainstorming to the functions, which are fulfill these needs. In this term we used the function
analysis too.
Then we started the conceptual development. We made sketches, determined the basic shape and made some
mock-up model to increase the effectiveness of brainstorming.
The next step was the virtual prototyping. Special attention was paid to the thermal conduction process and
achieve the maximum space utilization. We analysed the completed prototype manufacturing and virtual in
terms of use. We made a FEM test on the product in terms of load capacity.
The production of prototypes was divided into two phases: Either of them the 3D printing and finishing,
The another was the sand-casting and subsequent finishing.
From the sand-cast aluminum parts built the first functional prototype which aim was the functional testing.
Electromagnetic compatibility testing and certification was required models from equivalent materials.
After the first tests the enclosure was improved and to this we prepared the documentations of the
manufacturing. This product development required about 24 months from the first needs assessment to the
finished products.
References [5] Function Analysis: http://www.value-eng.org/value_engineering.php
[6] Stakeholders: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html
43
Voxel mesh generation from surface meshes
P. Iványi* *University of Pécs, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Department of System and
Software Technology, Pécs, Hungary
Index Terms: Voxel mesh, Surface mesh, Parallel execution.
Voxelization is a method, where a surface mesh enclosing a volume is filled with solid hexahedron (cube)
elements. Some versions of the method require that the surface meshmust be water-tight, no gaps and no
overlapping between surface elements. This conditioncan be satisfied usually by engineering models,
however in the case of game modelsthis can be problematic, since the models used in games may not have
the same precisionrequirements as in engineering models. The reason why this is important is that themost
important question during the generation of voxels is whether the voxelelement is inside or outside of the
surface mesh.
Voxelization has many different application areas: object simplification[1],volume visualization[2], finite
element simulation[3].
The voxelization algorithm in this paper is based on one of the simplest geometric theorems,
whichdetermines whether a point is inside or outside a polygon. The method uses a ray-castingtechnique
and it determines the number of intersections between the rays and the enclosingsurface shell. If the point
is inside then the number of intersections between the ray, startingfrom the given point, and the surface
elements is an odd number.
The advantage of the method that it can handle holes and highly non-convex shapes easily, howeverthe
method has a precision problem. For example if the ray intersects the surfaceexactly at the edge of two
surface elements then theoretically the number of intersectedsurfaces is two which would place that point
outside of the surface. To avoid this precisionproblem in the current algorithm a predefined number of rays
are considered at every point.This number should not be too large since that would result in a high number
of intersectioncalculation.
The developed technique uses a pipeline model, where there are five simple stages:
First, lets consider the surface mesh and determine its maximum dimensions in x, y and
zdirections.
As a second step the finite element mesh with hexahedron elements has to be generated, that
encloses thesurface mesh.
Next, the centre points of the generated hexahedron elements must be written out into a file.
The most time consuming algorithm reads the centre points of the hexahedron elements, readsthe
surface mesh and determines for every point whether it is inside or outside of the surface mesh.At
this stage another file is generated, which only contains 0 and 1 numbers denoting whether the
pointis inside (1) or outside (0) of the surface mesh.
Finally, based on the information generated at the previous step the algorithm and the
finiteelement mesh with hexahedron elements the algorithm removes all those elements that their
correspondingvalue is zero.
In this way the algorithm is very simple and explicit thus it can be more easily parallelised.The number
of generated voxels can be very large and in this case thefull finite element mesh may not fit into the
memory. To avoid this problem with the currentfile-based approach it is possible to process the file in parts.
In this case the filesare processed in chunks.
References [1] T. He, L. Hong, A. Kaufman, A. Varshney and S. Wang, “Voxel-based object simplification” in Proceedings of IEEE
Visualization, pp. 296–303, 1995.
44
[2] S. I. Vyatkin, B.S. Dolgovesov, A. V. Yesin and R. A. Schervakovl, “Voxel volumes volumes-oriented visualization system”in Proc. of International Conference on Shape Modeling, 1990.
[3] X- Chai. M. van Herk, M.C. Hushof and A. Bel, “A voxel based finite element model for the prediction of bladder deformation” Med Phys, vol. 39, 2012, pp. 55–65.
45
3D Printer building as student project, with educational focus
József Köő*, Dr. István Ervin Háber† * University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary † University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
Index Terms: Keyword1, Keyword2, Keyword3.
Building a self-designed FFF 3D printer is a really good way to get knowledge about 3D printing
technologies[1] and its surrounding technologies[2]. As a project work it not only include building
procedure, but designing, project managing, measuring, documentation writing, testing, electrical designing,
and programming as well. These parts of the project are essential for creating a working product, and for a
student they give a huge amount of experience about the lifecycle of a product.
My project has been started at January of 2016. First of all it was necessary to design a project plan to
state the working phases and the deadlines for each. In the first phases I needed to write documents about
the desired 3D printers system. After the designation of logical construction, I started to model the physical
appearance of the product (Fig. 1.). I followed material-based design guideline, because I tried to use
recycled materials, for make the project cost-efficient.
Fig. 3. First version of design. Shows that it has a moving bed (y-axis) for increasing stability by lowering the center of
gravity.
After physical modeling, I designed the electronic system. For this I use a microcontroller, surrounded by
particular modules for every separated function, like motor controller[3], temperature control, temperature
measurement, etc… This modular design allows a student experimenting on particular parts and on the
whole system as well. Constructing the system, needs a deeper knowledge to learn about complex systems.
During a project like this, a student can face a lot of errors and fails, but solving these will give a huge
experience. Because the complexity of the project, it allows to develop the students problem solving skills,
and he/she can use this knowledge for greater and more complex projects. After finishing a project like this,
the student will own an interdisciplinary experience and knowledge, which can make him/her a better
designer, and developer.
References [4] Bluemax, “A Comprehensive Introduction to 3D Printing Technology” http://3dprintingforbeginners.com/3d-printing-
technology/ , 17 March 2014.
[5] Dr Háber István Ervin, “3D adatfeldolgozás és gyártás”, Pécs 2015
[6] Brian Schmalz “Easy Driver Stepper Motor Driver, An Open Source Hardware Stepper Motor Drive Project” http://www.schmalzhaus.com/EasyDriver/
46
Copyright University of Pécs
2016
