v

ABSTRACT

In India more than 35% of construction project are facing the problem of time over

run ranging from 1 to 195 months. Time and cost overruns are a result of delays in project

execution. Some of the reasons advanced for these delays and subsequent overruns in time

are inclement weather, shortage in labour and material supply, sub-contractors, changes after

contract execution has commenced, poor site management and government policies. The

delay in a project is also due to the poorly drafted contract clauses. Identification of the

contract clauses that affect the schedule of the construction project was which taken up by

CPWD has been carried out in this study.

The preliminary questionnaires were supplied to the Contractors and Engineers who

have undertaken the works in Trivandrum. Similarly the main questionnaires were supplied

to the Contractors and Engineers. Based upon the answer obtained from 30 persons towards

contract clauses were analyzed. From the analysis it was found that 16 clauses affecting the

schedule performance of a project. The result of the analysis could help the professional in

focusing on the few clauses that affect the schedule frequently so that schedule over runs and

possibly cost over runs could be avoided in future.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT V

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

NOTATION

viii

ix

ix

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 GENERAL 1

1.2 NEED FOR STUDY 2

1.3 AIM 3

1.4 OBJECTIVE 3

1.5 DEFINITIONS 3

1.6 CPWD CONTRACT

CLAUSES

4

1.7 GENERAL

CONTRACT CLAUSES

1.8 CONCEPT OF

CLAUSES AFFECTING

SCHEDULE

1.9 CONTRACTUAL

PROBLEMS

5

19

20

2 REVIEW OF

LITERATURE

25

3 METHODOLOGY 34

4 DATA COLLECTION 38

4.1 INTRODUCTION 38

4.2 QUESTIONNAIRE

SURVEY

38

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4.3 CPWD FORM OF

CONTRACT

44

5 SUMMARY AND

CONCLUSION

56

REFERENCES 58

APPENDICES 61A. CPWD PRELIMINARY 62

QUESTIONNAIREB. CPWD MAIN 72

QUESTIONNAIRE

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TITLE PAGE NO

4.3.2 Mean, standard deviation, t-

value and ranking of CPWD

contract clauses

44

4.3.3.1 Mean score and ranking of

the impact of various

schedule affecting clauses

on the Profitability of the

project – CPWD

51

4.3.3.2 Mean score and ranking of

the impact of schedule

affecting clauses on the

frequency of them affecting

the Schedule – CPWD

53

A.1 CPWD preliminary

questionnaire

63

B.1 CPWD main questionnaire 74

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE

3.1.a Methodology 35

4.2.1.1(a) Pie chart for the contractors and 40

employers respondants

4.2.1.1(b) Respondent profile – Experience Wise – 40

CPWD Preliminary

4.2.1.2 (i) Respondent profile –Experience wise – 43

Profitability – CPWD

4.2.1.2 (ii) Respondent profile – Experience wise – 43

Frequency of clauses affecting schedule –

CPWD

NOTATION

CPWD- Central Public Work Department