Absorbed

Taken in When light hits an object, some colors

are absorbed and others are reflectedYou only see reflected colors

atom

The smallest particle of a substance that has all the properties of that substance.

Balanced Forces

Forces that act against each other and do not cause a change in motion.

Object is not moving

Battery

A device that changes chemical energy into electrical energy.

Considered Potential energy. Also called a dry cell

Boiling Point

Temperature at which liquid boils and changes from a liquid to a gas.

Boiling point of water is 100° Celsius.

Buoyancy

Ability to float

Buoyant Force

The upward push of a liquid or gas on an object.

Celsius

Metric unit used for temperature 0° Celsius is the freezing/melting point of

water100° Celsius is the boiling point of water

Characteristic

A feature of a person, plant, animal or object that helps identify it.

Use your 5 senses.

Chemical Change

A change that produces a new substance Examples-- burning paper changes it from

paper to ashes.

Chemical Energy

Stored EnergyBatteriesFood

Chemical Symbol

A one or two letter abbreviation for an elements name

O OxygenC CarbonCO2 Carbon Dioxide

Circuit

A compete path of conductors that an electric current can flow through

Circuit Breaker

A switch that automatically opens a circuit when too much electricity flows through it

“Blew a breaker”

Classify

To group by like characteristics.

Compound

A substance whose molecules contain atoms of different elements

Concave Lens

A lens that is thinner in the center and thicker at the edges

Bends the light outwardMakes things appear smaller

Condensation

The process in which a gas changes into a liquid.

Condensation Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid

Conduct / Conductor

To allow to pass throughMatter that allows energy to pass

through itMetal is a conductor of heat, electricity

and magnetism.Cloth is not a conductor of heat or

electricity.

Conduction

The movement of heat between two objects that touch each other

Convection

The movement of heat energy through liquids and gases in currents

Convex Lens

A lens that is thicker in the center and thinner at the edges

Bend light inwardMakes things larger

Crest

The highest part of a wave

Current (electric)

A constant flow of electrons through a conductor

Density

How thick something is.

Dissolve

To mix and form a solution with another substance.

Ability to dissolve is called solubility.

Electric Charge

A property of matterCharge can be positive or negative

Electric Circuit

A complete pathway of conductors that electrons flow through

Electric Current

A complete loop through which electricity can flow.

Called a complete circuit.Called a closed circuit.

Electricity

A form of energy that can move through wires, making it possible to do work.

Electromagnet

A temporary magnet created by a flow of electric current around an iron bar

Element

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

Energy

The ability to do work.Causes changes to matter.Examples: mechanical, chemical,

kinetic, potential.

Evaporation

The process in which liquid changes to a gas.

First Law of Motion

An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue moving in a straight line at a constant speed until an outside force acts on it.

Food Energy

A form of energy that is stored in plants and when consumed is converted to energy for animals and humans.

Forms of Energy

Heat

Light

Sound

Solar

Force

A push or pull that causes a change in motion.

Freezing Point

The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid.

Freezing Point of water is 0° Celsius.

Friction

A force that acts against motion when two surfaces rub against each other.

SlidingDragRolling

Gas

The state of matter that spreads out evenly to fill a container.

Particles move about freely.Has no volume?

Grams

Metric unit used for measuring weight.

Gravitation - Gravity

The force that pulls all objects in the universe towards one another.

Makes things fall.Causes weight

Heat

A form of energy that makes something feel warm.

ThermalSolarElectrical

Inertia

The property of matter that keeps it moving in a straight line or keeps it at rest.

Newton’s First Law of Motion

Insulate, Insulator

To block the flow of energy.Cloth is an insulator of heat. (hot pad)Rubber is an insulator of electricity. ( an

electrician will use rubber gloves or rubber handles)

Kinetic Energy

Energy of MotionJumping Jacks

Light

A form of energy that makes it possible to see.

If you can see something, it either produces light or reflects light.

Liquid

The state of matter that takes the shape of its container.

Particles flow past one another.Has volume.

Magnetism

A force that attracts or pushes away matter.

Mass

Amount of matter in an object.Measured in grams.Stays the same everywhere.On Earth, mass and weight are the

same.My Average Size Spacesuit.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Melting Point

Temperature at which a solid melts.Temperature at which a solid becomes a

liquid.Melting Point and Freezing Point are the

same temperature.Water is 0° Celsius.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances in which each substance keeps its original characteristics.

Can be easily separated.Examples: Salad, Chex Mix

Molecule

A grouping of two or more atoms joined together

Example: H2O = water

Non-living things are made of atoms

Motion

The act of changing place or position.

Opaque

Does not allow light to go through.Cast a shadow.

Physical Change

Changes to appearance.Does not change what the substance is.Examples: melted chocolate

Physical Science

The study of matter and energy.Objective 2 on the TAKS Test.9 questions

Physical States of Matter

3 states of matterSolid, Liquid, Gas

Pitch vs. Volume

Pitch is the highness or lowness of sound.

Depends on the frequency of sound waves

Volume is soft or loud

Potential Energy

Energy of PositionStanding stillStored energyGravity

Property

Similar to characteristicsA characteristic you can see, feel, smell,

hear or taste. (5 senses)Examples: color, size, shape, odor, or

texture.

Reflection

A wave that bounces back off an object.Mirror

Refraction

The act of bending light as it passes through something.

Changes direction and speed.Slows the light.Appears broken.

Second Law of Motion

An object’s acceleration (speeding up) depends on the size and direction of the force acting on it and on the mass of the object.

Solar Energy

A form of energy from the Sun.Produces, heat and light energy

Solid

The state of matter that has a definite shape.

Keeps it shape no matter what the container.

Particles packed tightly together.Has Mass and Volume.

Solubility

The ability to dissolve.Salt is soluble in water.Sand is not soluble in water.

Solution

Special type of mixture.One substance dissolves into another.Examples: Sugar in tea, lemonade

Sound

Caused by vibration.Travels in waves.Pitch vs. Volume

Suspension

A mixture where one substance floats in another.

Examples: cereal floating in milk

Temperature

The average kinetic energy of all the molecules in an object.

The higher the average the kinetic energy, or the faster the molecules move, the higher the temperature.

Thermal Energy

Energy from heat.HEAT MOVES!!

Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Transmit - Transmission

Allows energy to pass through.Similar to Conduction.Metal transmits heat.

Transparent

Clear.Allows light to pass through.Transparencies

Translucent

Allows some light to pass throughWax Paper

Volume

How much space something takes up.L x W x H

Weight

Measure of the force of gravity on an object.

Measured in newtons.Not the same everywhere.