Absolute Monarchies Absolute Monarchies in Europein Europe

AbsolutismAbsolutism

A.A. leader beliefleader belief

B.B. divine rightdivine right

C.C. Power of monarchs grew Power of monarchs grew D.D. RevoltsRevolts

Spain’s Empire and absolutismSpain’s Empire and absolutism

A.A. Internal Spain: their king was also Internal Spain: their king was also the head of the Holy Roman Empirethe head of the Holy Roman Empire

B.B. Charles V (HRE) – Hapsburg familyCharles V (HRE) – Hapsburg family

C.C. agrees to 1555 Peace of Augsburg agrees to 1555 Peace of Augsburg before dividing empirebefore dividing empire

D.D. 3 results of power3 results of power

Phillip II leads to declinePhillip II leads to decline

A.A. Phillip IIPhillip II

B.B. acquired Portugal in 1580 acquired Portugal in 1580

C.C. by 1600: over 335,00 pounds of gold from by 1600: over 335,00 pounds of gold from Americas by 1650 over 16,000 tons of Americas by 1650 over 16,000 tons of silversilver

D.D. accumulated money allows funding for accumulated money allows funding for large army for Religious wars to defend large army for Religious wars to defend Catholicism Catholicism

E. Spanish artE. Spanish art: : “El Greco” , Diego “El Greco” , Diego VelazquezVelazquez

Spain weakened Spain weakened

A.A. InflationInflation

B.B. Expelled Moors and JewsExpelled Moors and Jews

C.C. nobles pay no taxes nobles pay no taxes

D.D. borrowed money from borrowed money from foreign banks to pay for foreign banks to pay for warswars

The Dutch RevoltThe Dutch Revolt

A.A. Phillip had problems with the Phillip had problems with the NetherlandsNetherlands

B.B. William of Orange led floods of Leiden William of Orange led floods of Leiden which drove the Spanish out of the citywhich drove the Spanish out of the city

C.C. 1579 United Provinces of the 1579 United Provinces of the Netherlands (7 northern provinces) Netherlands (7 northern provinces) were Protestant and the 10 southern were Protestant and the 10 southern provinces (present day Belgium) provinces (present day Belgium) remained under Spanish controlremained under Spanish control

Independent DutchIndependent Dutch

A. Religious tolerationA. Religious toleration

B. Republic B. Republic

C. Dutch Trading Empire dominated C. Dutch Trading Empire dominated European trade in 1600sEuropean trade in 1600s

III. Decline of SpainIII. Decline of Spain

A.A. gov’t had to borrow money for gov’t had to borrow money for warswars

B.B. Moors and Jews expelledMoors and Jews expelled

C.C. No industryNo industry

D.D. Large warships not commercial Large warships not commercial ships builtships built

E.E. Monarchy lost prominence Monarchy lost prominence

French MonarchyFrench Monarchy

Conflicts between Catholics and Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants caused problems for Protestants caused problems for leaderleader

Religious Wars: (1562-1598) Religious Wars: (1562-1598) 8 wars fought8 wars fought 1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Economy crushedEconomy crushed

Bourban DynastyBourban Dynasty

A.A. Henry of Navarre (IV) 1589-Henry of Navarre (IV) 1589-16101610

1.opposed by Catholics1.opposed by Catholics2. gave up Protestantism for 2. gave up Protestantism for

Catholicism for France Catholicism for France 3. 1598 Edict of Nantes3. 1598 Edict of Nantes

Louis XIII (1610-1643)Louis XIII (1610-1643)

A. Cardinal Richelieu (1624-1642) chief A. Cardinal Richelieu (1624-1642) chief minister of government minister of government1.1. GoalsGoals: :

1) strengthen monarchs power1) strengthen monarchs power 2) destroy noble’s power2) destroy noble’s power 3) Destroy Huguenot army3) Destroy Huguenot army 4) Reduce Hapsburg power in Spain and 4) Reduce Hapsburg power in Spain and

AustriaAustria

Louis XIV (1643-1715) Louis XIV (1643-1715)

A.A. The “Sun King”The “Sun King”B.B. Cardinal Mazarin (1642-1661) replaced Cardinal Mazarin (1642-1661) replaced

Richelieu Richelieu C.C. moves the capital to Versailles (1682)moves the capital to Versailles (1682)D.D. Jean Baptiste Colbert: Jean Baptiste Colbert: Minister of FinanceMinister of Finance

1.1. mercantilism mercantilism 2.2. colonies colonies 3.3. transportation transportation

E.E. 1685 Edict of Nantes cancelled 1685 Edict of Nantes cancelled F.F. goal of art was to glorify the king goal of art was to glorify the king

Wars of Louis XIVWars of Louis XIV

A.A. Minister of War: Marquis de Louvdis Minister of War: Marquis de Louvdis

B. Netherlands: 3 wars (1667-1697) B. Netherlands: 3 wars (1667-1697)

War of Spanish Succession War of Spanish Succession (1700-1713)(1700-1713)

A.A. Charles II king of Spain dies; throne Charles II king of Spain dies; throne to Philip of Agno to Philip of Agno

B.B. European powers declare a “War on European powers declare a “War on Spain Spain

C.C. Louis XIV wanted grandson to have Louis XIV wanted grandson to have the throne but ran out of moneythe throne but ran out of money

D.D. Treaty of Utrech (1713):Treaty of Utrech (1713):

End Of Louis XIV reignEnd Of Louis XIV reign

A. absolute monarchyA. absolute monarchy

B. capital to VersaillesB. capital to Versailles

C. France and Spain lose power in C. France and Spain lose power in the new shift in Europethe new shift in Europe

Central European countries Central European countries monarchs clashmonarchs clash

Peace of Augsburg 1555Peace of Augsburg 1555

A. A. Thirty Years War (1618-1648)Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

1.Catholics and Protestants 1.Catholics and Protestants threatened by Calviniststhreatened by Calvinists

1608- Protestant Union1608- Protestant Union 1609 – Catholic League 1609 – Catholic League 2. Division of religious and political 2. Division of religious and political

beliefsbeliefs

Revolt in Bohemia Revolt in Bohemia

A. Frederick II (HRE) ruled over Bohemia A. Frederick II (HRE) ruled over Bohemia > which was ruled by the Hapsburg > which was ruled by the Hapsburg familyfamily

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

B. Spain, Holy Roman Empire (Hapsburgs) B. Spain, Holy Roman Empire (Hapsburgs) againstagainst1. 1.

2. 2.

Peace at Westaphilia (1648) Peace at Westaphilia (1648)

A.A. France received Alsace off the Rhine France received Alsace off the Rhine River and controls westRiver and controls west

B.B. Netherlands and Switzerland Netherlands and Switzerland independentindependent

C.C. Europe not under control of any Europe not under control of any religionreligion

D.D. Sweden given part of North Germany Sweden given part of North Germany

E.E. treaty abandoned idea of a catholic treaty abandoned idea of a catholic empire empire

Central Europe differs from West Central Europe differs from West

A.A. Economic contrastsEconomic contrasts

B.B. Weak Empires Weak Empires

Austria’s strength: HapsburgsAustria’s strength: Hapsburgs

A.A. Charles VI (1713) received territory Charles VI (1713) received territory from the War of Spanish Succession from the War of Spanish Succession

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

Prussia ruled by the Hohenzollerns Prussia ruled by the Hohenzollerns

A.A. Frederick William (Elector of Frederick William (Elector of Brandenburg) (1640)Brandenburg) (1640)

B.B. Frederick IFrederick I

C.C. Frederick William I (1713-1740)Frederick William I (1713-1740)1.1. junkersjunkers

D.D. Frederick II (the Great) (1740-1786)Frederick II (the Great) (1740-1786)

War of Austrian Succession War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748)(1740-1748)

A.A. Prussian attack: December 1740 Prussian attack: December 1740 occupy Silesiaoccupy Silesia

B.B. Maria Theresa’s speech to Maria Theresa’s speech to Hungarians Hungarians

C. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)C. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)

War ContinuedWar Continued

D. Shift of alliancesD. Shift of alliances1.1. Austria > France : Prussia > Great Austria > France : Prussia > Great

Britain Britain

E. 1756 “Diplomatic Revolution”E. 1756 “Diplomatic Revolution”

F. 7 Years War (1756-1763) French and F. 7 Years War (1756-1763) French and Indian WarIndian War

1.1. Peace of ParisPeace of Paris

Russian AutocracyRussian Autocracy

A.A. Ivan the IV (the Terrible) Ivan the IV (the Terrible) 1.1. kept power how?kept power how?

2.2. isolatedisolated

3.3. killed best replacement out of fearkilled best replacement out of fear

4.4. died 1584died 1584

5.5. period of unrestperiod of unrest

Romonov Dynasty (1613-1917) Romonov Dynasty (1613-1917)

A.A. czar czar

B.B. Society Society

c. isolation of landc. isolation of land

D. Eastern Orthodox ChurchD. Eastern Orthodox Church

Peter I (1682-1725) Peter I (1682-1725)

A.A. learn way of life from Europelearn way of life from Europe

B.B. ChangesChanges

C. Holy SynodC. Holy Synod

D. Reduced power of nobles – D. Reduced power of nobles – promoted lower classpromoted lower class

E. European officersE. European officers

Advances under Peter IAdvances under Peter I

A.A. ExpansionExpansion

B. capital to St. PetersburgB. capital to St. Petersburg

C. died 1725C. died 1725

English Parliament Limited Monarchs English Parliament Limited Monarchs PowerPower

A.A. Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Tudor Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Tudor familyfamily

1.1. ProblemsProblems

2. no Tudor to replace Elizabeth2. no Tudor to replace Elizabeth

James I, Charles IJames I, Charles I

A.A. James I (1603-1625)James I (1603-1625)

1.Divine Right1.Divine Right

B. Charles I (1625-1649)B. Charles I (1625-1649)1.1. Divine rightDivine right

English Civil War (1642-1649) English Civil War (1642-1649)

A.A. Royalists vs. RoundheadsRoyalists vs. RoundheadsB.B. Oliver Cromwell – Puritan Oliver Cromwell – Puritan

general with New Model Armygeneral with New Model ArmyC. Rule of Cromwell C. Rule of Cromwell

RestorationRestoration

A. Cromwell ruled until 1658 where his A. Cromwell ruled until 1658 where his son unsuccessfully ruled.son unsuccessfully ruled.

B. RestorationB. Restoration

C. Charles IIC. Charles II

D. Habeas Corpus (1679):D. Habeas Corpus (1679):

E. HRE and France agrees to pay E. HRE and France agrees to pay Charles IICharles II

Debate over inheritance of throne Debate over inheritance of throne

A.A. Political partiesPolitical parties1.1. Whigs:Whigs:

2.2. Torries:Torries:

B.B. Call for Parliament to replace James Call for Parliament to replace James IIII

1.1. William and Mary (daughter)William and Mary (daughter)

2.2. Dutch army to England/James II to Dutch army to England/James II to FranceFrance

C.C. Glorious Revolution 1688 ***Glorious Revolution 1688 ***

Political ChangesPolitical Changes

A.A. Constitutional monarchyConstitutional monarchy

B.B. Bill of Rights 1689Bill of Rights 1689

C. Cabinet systemC. Cabinet system 1. cabinet: 1. cabinet: 2. 2. prime ministerprime minister