Absolute Ages of Rocks Sci. 3.3. Absolute age: Age in years.
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Transcript of Absolute Ages of Rocks Sci. 3.3. Absolute age: Age in years.
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Absolute Ages of Rocks
Sci. 3.3
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Absolute age:• Age in years
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Question 1
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Nucleus (center) of atom:• Protons, + charge
• Neutrons, No charge (Neutral)
• Electrons, - charge outside nucleus
P
e-
H
PN
NP
e-
e-
He
PN
NP
e-
e-
PN
e-
Li
Draw these
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Question 2
2a. Which subatomic particle is not found in the nucleus? P. n. e2b. A neutron has a _____ charge. Positive, negative, no charge
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Number of protons:• Determines identity of element
Pe-
H
PN
NP
e-
e-
He
PN
NP
e-
e-
PN
e-
Li1 23
P PP
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Question 3
3a. If a He atom lost a proton, it would become what element? H, Li, C, O
3b. If a He atom gained a proton, it would become what kind of atom? H, Li, C, O
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Number of neutrons:• Determines which form (isotope) of element
6 P6 N
6 P8 N
Carbon Carbon
7 P7 N
Nitrogen
12C 14C
14N
12 14
14
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19 P21 N
11 P12 N
Potassium Sodium
18 P22 N
Argon
40K 23Na
40Ar
40 23
40
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Hydrogen Nitrogen
Phosphorus
2H 15N
28P
2 15
28
1 P1 P1 N
7 P7 P8 N
15 P15 P13 N
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Question 4
4a. How many neutrons does the isotope 14C have? 6, 7, 8, 14
4b. How many neutrons does the isotope 13C have? 6, 7, 8, 13
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Some isotopes are unstable• Radioactive decay
Parent material Daughter material 14C 14N e-
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Question 5
5a. All carbon atoms have __ protons. 6, 7, 8, 145b. All nitrogen atoms have __ protons. 6, 7, 8, 14
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Half-life:• Time it takes for half of atoms to decay
• Ex:14C = 5730 years (235U=700 m.y., 238U=4.5 b.y.)
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Question 6
6a. If an organism had 100g of 14C when it died around 11,500 years ago (2 half-lives), how much 14C would it have today? 200, 50, 25g, 15g
6b. If an organism had 120g of 14C when it died around 17,000 years ago (3 half-lives), how much 14C would it have today? 360, 60, 30g, 15g
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Radiometric dating:• Calculating age based on half-life
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• ratio of parent material to daughter material
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Question 7
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Radiocarbon dating:
• For dating dead things
• good to 75k years ago
• For original remains only
• (dinos 65mil )
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Shroud of Turin
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Question 8
8a. Would radiocarbon dating be useful for dating the exact age of the earth (~4.6 billion years)? Y/N8b. Would radiocarbon dating be useful for dating a trace fossil that is around 50k years old? Y/N
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Earth’s age• ~4.5 bil. years
• Oldest rocks ~3.9 bil
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Question 9
9a. The earth is approximately how old? 4.5 bil, 4.5 mil, 4.5 thousand9b. When the earth first formed, its surface: was molten rock, lacked liquid water, did not have an atmosphere, all of the above
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uniformitarianism:• Processes that change the earth today, are the same
that changed it in the past
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Question 10
10a. The processes that shape the earth’s surface generally work: very slowly, very quickly10b. Which process forms new elements? uniformitarianism, superposition, permineralization, radioactive decay