ABOUT THE COURSE - · PDF fileABOUT THE COURSE Medical Laboratory ... 2.1.4 Examination of...
Transcript of ABOUT THE COURSE - · PDF fileABOUT THE COURSE Medical Laboratory ... 2.1.4 Examination of...
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VHSE Curriculum
ABOUT THE COURSE
Medical Laboratory Technology is fast developing along with growingpopulation and technological advancement. It is the most sought jobtitles in the global Health Care System.
Medical Laboratory Technology is a broad area comprising differentdisciplines like Pathology, Hematology, Biochemistry, Cytology,Cytogenetics, Microbiology, Immunology, Virology, Mycology,Parasitology, Molecular biology etc.
In a country like ours, where there is fast and tremendous technologicaladvancement and population growth, the demand and supply oftrained manpower is not at par. Introduction of a Certificate Course inMedical Laboratory Technology at Higher Secondary level is a remedyto this big skill gap in the country.
Medical Laboratory Technology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis ofdiseases. Apart from medical diagnostics, application of MedicalLaboratory Technology extends to the detection of genetic disorders,epidemiology of infectious diseases, detection of metabolic disordersand even to answer unraveled questions in forensic medicine.
The course is designed to provide multi-skilled competent personalsin the field of Medical Laboratory Technology to meet the increasingdemand. On completion of the course, students acquire basic skills ofMedical Laboratory Technology to cater entry level jobs. The coursealso provides inroads for students to undergo higher educationincluding research in disciplines of laboratory medicine.
Subject Approach
MLT Course is one of the best sought courses in the Vocational HigherSecondary stream of education. It comes under the group Allied HealthSciences and is the forefront runner in terms of the higher studies
GOVT. SECTOR• Laboratory
Technician• Lab Technical
Assistant• Laboratory Instructor
PRIVATE SECTOR• Laboratory
Technician• Phlebotomist• Lab Assistant• Laboratory Instructor• Hematology
Technician• Blood Bank
Technician• Clinical Pathology
Technician• Clinical Assistant
SELF EMPLOYMENT• Laboratory Owner• Laboratory
Technician• Reagent
Manufacturer• Diagnostic
distributor
Job Roles
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Medical Laboratory Technology
options as well as employment opportunities. The curriculum of thecourse contains all the important subjects related to laboratory medicinelike Haematology, Biochemistry, Clinical Pathology,Immunohaematology and Blood Banking, Laboratory Management,Microbiology as well as Histo-technology.
The structure of the course is designed in such a way that the firstmodule of First Year Curriculum familiarizes the learners to the basicsof Human Anatomy & Physiology and gives an idea about theimportant parts and features of a Diagnostic Laboratory. The topic alsoenvisages the understanding of proper use and handling of commonLaboratory Equipments and Glassware. A proper know - how aboutBlood, the commonest sample of any laboratory is given as part of theFirst module so the learner have a clear idea about the components,composition and collection of blood. The second module deals with thecommon Hematological investigations done in a laboratory. Thepractical and theoretical exposure obtained during the period makes thelearners competent in the field. The second module also covers the topicBlood Banking which has attained much relevance nowadays due to theregular need for blood transfusions. The module also providesintroduction to the automated machineries and techniques which can beexperienced in the field visits or as part of On the Job Training (OJT).
The laboratories as well as PTCs attached to schools provide ambientatmosphere for attaining perfection in performance for the students. Thecurriculum of VHSE which gives prime importance to practical is furtherskill enhanced with the scheduled 'On the Job Training Programmes'conducted in laboratories both on the government as well as privatesector. The school curriculum is further enriched with introduction ofICT enabled teaching-learning methodologies as well as activityoriented tools like survey, camps, expo etc.
Objectives of the course
On completion of the course, the learners will be able to:• acquire basic knowledge of the structure and function of human
body.• collect and handle clinical specimens properly for performing
investigations.• operate and take care of various laboratory equipment.• perform Hematological, Pathological, Biochemical and
Microbiological diagnostic procedures/techniques.• perform routine blood bank techniques.• perform Phlebotomy.
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VHSE Curriculum
• act as an effective laboratory technician who demonstrateslaboratory ethics and code of conduct.
• give awareness to the public about various health hazards.• establish and run reagent manufacturing units.• act as a distributor of diagnostic kits and reagents.• establish and run a diagnostic laboratory.
Syllabus in Detail
MODULE 1
Anatomy, Physiology and Phlebotomy - 340 periods
Unit Name of Units PeriodsNo.1.1 Basic Anatomy and Physiology 100
1.1.1 Organisational Structure of human body• Familiarisation of cell, Tissue, Organ and Organ
system, Definition & their relationship,Tissue types - Epithelial, Muscular, Connective,Nervous (Name only), Organ system (Name only)
• Familiarisation of common terms - Anatomy,Physiology, Cytology, Histology, Pathology,Anatomical position, Anterior, Posterior, Medial,Lateral, Proximal, Distal, Central & Peripheral
1.1.2 Systemic AnatomySkeletal system- Functions- Bones of Axial & Appendicular skeleton (Name only)- Terms-Cartilages, joints, Osteology, ArthrologyCirculatory System- Cardio vascular system- Difference between artery, vein and capillary- Structure of heart in brief
Chambers, Valves & Blood vessels (Name only)- Systole, Diastole & Cardiac cycle- Measurement of BP and Pulse- ECG-definition and importance- Lymphatic system in brief- Familiarize LymphRespiratory system- Overview (Name of Parts & function)- Types of respiration- Respiratory rate (Definition & Normal value)- Spirometry - Use
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Medical Laboratory Technology
- Vital capacity-Definition & Normal Value- Clinical importance of SputumDigestive system- Overview (Name of Parts & function)- Liver and Pancreas-Importance, Secretions (Name only) & function- Clinical importance of FaecesExcretory system- Modes of excretion (specify names)- Urinary system - Parts and function- Formation of urine (name of steps only)- Normal Constituents of Urine- Clinical importance of UrineNervous system- Name of Parts & function-CNS & PNS- CSF and its Clinical importanceReproductive system- Parts & Function of Male reproductive system- Parts & Function of Female reproductive system- Clinical importance of Seminal FluidEndocrine system- Overview- Mention endocrine glands- Mention Hormones of clinical importance andtheir functions (Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas& Gonads)
1.2 Diagnostic laboratory 1401.2.1 Introduction to Diagnostic laboratory
- Significance of Medical Laboratory Technology- Role of Laboratory- Types of Laboratories- Sections of a Laboratory
1.2.2 Common Laboratory Glass wares & Lab EquipmentsCommon Laboratory Glass wares- Common glass wares and its uses- Cleaning of glass wares- Preparation & use of Chromic acid solutionCommon Laboratory Equipments- Use, parts, working and maintenance of Microscope,Centrifuge, Colorimeter, Chemical Balance, Micropipette& Water bath
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VHSE Curriculum
1.3 Introduction to Blood & Phlebotomy 1051.3.1 Blood
- Introduction - Formation of BloodDefinition of Erythropoiesis, Leucopoiesis &Thrombopoiesis- Composition and functions of blood- Plasma & Formed elements- Plasma-composition- Formed elements RBC, WBC & Platelets- Blood coagulation
• Definition, Name coagulation factors• Major steps• Difference between Plasma & Serum
- Anticoagulants• Definition, common anticoagulants, colour coding
- Preparation of EDTA Anticoagulant bottle1.3.2 Phlebotomy
- Definition- Methods-Capillary puncture, Arterial puncture and Venous puncture- Sites of blood collection-capillary and venous- Requirement, Procedure of capillary & venous blood collection- Precautions for blood collection- Complications during blood collection-hematoma,syncope, Excess bleeding- Pediatric blood collection
1.3.3 Familiarization of Blood cells- Preparation of Thin blood smear- Ideal smear characteristics- Factors affecting smear preparation- Leishman's stain-staining technique- Blood cell types-RBC, WBC, Platelets Identifying Characters & Normal range- Classification of White blood cells- Other staining methods-Fields, Giemsa, Wrights(Name only)
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Medical Laboratory Technology
Syllabus in Detail
MODULE 2
Haematology & Blood banking techniques - 340 periods
Units Name of Units Periods2.1 Haematology 2402.1.1 Introduction to Haematology
- Haematology-Definition- Role of haematological techniques in diagnosis
2.1.2 Hemoglobin estimation- Introduction- Methods- Cyanmethaemoglobin estimation in detail- Clinical significance
2.1.3 Total Cell Count- Introduction- Counting chamber - Improved Neubauer- Total Cell counts-RBC , WBC, Platelet, Absoluteeosinophil
Diluting fluid, procedure, calculation, normal value,clinical significance
- Reticulocyte count - brief description2.1.4 Examination of Blood Smear
- Differential Leucocyte CountThin blood smear Preparation, stainingCounting and reporting
- Peripheral Smear Examination• Abnormal RBC - size, shape, colour• Abnormal WBC - general characteristics of
Immature cells• Platelets - arrangement• Inclusion bodies - RBC, Parasites
2.1.5 Packed cell volume- Methods- Wintrobe's method - procedure, normal value,clinical significance- Red cell indices
• MCV, MCH, MCHC,• Clinical Significance
2.1.6 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)- Methods- Westergren's method - procedure, Normal value,clinical significance
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- Stages of ESR- Factors affecting ESR- Mention Automated ESR
2.1.7 Test for coagulation- Introduction - relevance, enlist various coagulationtests- Bleeding Time -methods, clinical significance
procedure, Normal value of Duke's method- Clotting Time-methods, clinical significance
procedure, Normal value of Capillary tube method- Prothrombin Time - brief description- APTT - brief description
2.1.8 Automation in Haematology- Introduction - need and advantage- Working principles
light scatter, laser, electrical impedance- Parts of analyser- Reagents - Diluent, Lyse, Rinse- Methodology- Parameters- Familiarization of terms - haemogram, histogram, CBC
2.2 Immunohaematology & Blood Banking Techniques 1002.2.1 Introduction
- Immunohaematology - Definition, Historical Aspects- Blood group antigens & Antibodies- Blood group system ABO & Rh System in detail Other blood group systems - Name only Bombay blood group Inheritance of Blood group- Haemolytic disease of Newborn
2.2.2 Blood Grouping techniques- Cell grouping & Serum grouping- Slide & Tube method - Procedure- Mention Tile method
2.2.3 Blood collection for Transfusion- Transfusion-Definition, Need- Donor, Recipient - Definition- Donor screening
Donor selection criteriaHistory of Donor & Medical examination
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Medical Laboratory Technology
• Blood collection Technique-FamiliarizeBlood bag, Anticoagulants
- Screening tests for Transfusion transmitted diseases- Storage - Blood bank refrigerator- Blood Components
Mention components name & its storage, use2.2.4 Compatibility Testing & Issue of Blood
- Coomb's Test- Direct & Indirect- Cross matching
Major & Minor - mention 3 phases- Issue of Blood- Transfusion reactions - Name only
Learning Outcomes
Module 1
On completion of the module the learner will be able to:1.1 Basic Anatomy & Physiology1.1.1 Identify the basic level of organization of human body1.1.2 Differentiate various medical terminologies & Anatomical
terms1.1.3 Identify the importance of Skeletal system and enumerate the
names of different bones and the terms related1.1.4 Illustrate the structure & function of CVS and to distinguish
between artery, Vein, & Capillary
1.1.5 Collect idea about the working of heart and gain expertise in themeasurement of BP and Pulse
1.1.6 Enumerate the significance of ECG & lymph
1.1.7 Explain the parts and function of Respiratory System and todifferentiate types of respiration
1.1.8 Define Respiration rate & Vital Capacity and to describeSpirometry
1.1.9 Identify the Clinical importance of Sputum examination
1.1.10 Summarize the parts and functions of digestive system
1.1.11 Identify the importance of laboratory examination of faeces inGIT disorders
1.1.12 Recollect the parts of excretory system, parts of urinary system
1.1.13 Discuss about urine formation
1.1.14 Get awareness about normal constituents & Clinical importanceof urine
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VHSE Curriculum
1.1.15 Illustrate parts and functions of nervous system
1.1.16 Differentiate Male & Female reproductive system
1.1.17 Enumerate important endocrine glands and their secretions
1.2 Diagnostic Laboratory
1.2.1 Identify the role of Laboratory in Health Care to categorizevarious types & sections of laboratories
1.2.2 Enumerate different types of Glass wares and to performcleaning of Glass wares
1.2.3 Practice, operation and use of common lab equipments
1.3 Introduction to Blood & Phlebotomy
1.3.1 Differentiate Erythropoiesis, Leucopoiesis & Thrombopoiesis
1.3.2 Acquire the concept of Coagulation and to classifyAnticoagulants
1.3.3 Distinguish different types of Blood Collection vials
1.3.4 Illustrate the sites, devises, methods and precautions andcomplications of blood collection and to perform phlebotomy
1.3.5 Practice thin blood smear preparation and staining
1.3.6 Differentiate different cell components
Module 2
Haematology & Blood banking techniques
2.1. Haematology
On completion of the module the learner will be able to:
2.1.1 Summarize the role of Haematology in diagnosis
2.1.2 Enumerate haemoglobin estimation methods
2.1.3 Practice haemoglobin estimation by cyanmethaemoglobinmethod and evaluate its clinical significance
2.1.4 Identify the importance of haemocytometry and be familiar toImproved Neubauer counting chamber
2.1.5 Differentiate between different cell counts and evaluate theirclinical significance
2.1.6 Practice total RBC and WBC counts
2.1.7 Describe Reticulocyte count
2.1.8 Perform Differential Leucocyte Count
2.1.9 Differentiate normal and abnormal blood cells, able to reportnormal blood picture
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2.1.10 Illustrate the importance of PCV
2.1.11 Perform PCV by Wintrobe's method
2.1.12 Classify different red cell indices and their clinical significance
2.1.13 Enlist the clinical importance of ESR
2.1.14 Perform ESR by Westergren's method
2.1.15 Discuss various coagulation tests used
2.1.16 Identifies explains and practice determination of Bleeding time& Clotting time
2.1.17 Differentiate PT & APTT
2.1.18 Enlist the need and merits of automation in haematology
2.1.19 Describe the basic principle, parts, reagents, operation andreporting of results in a Haematology Analyser
2.1.20 Illustrate the terms Haemogram, CBC etc.
2.2. Imumuno Haematology & Blood banking techniques
2.2.1 Differentiate Blood group Antigens & Antibodies
2.2.2 Classify different sub groups in ABO & Rh Blood group system
2.2.3 Explain the inheritance of Blood group and HDN
2.2.4 Differentiate between different grouping methods and gainexpertise in various blood grouping techniques
2.2.5 Enumerate the significance of transfusion
2.2.6 Differentiate Donor from Recipient and Explain Bloodtransfusion
2.2.7 Illustrate the criteria's and different phases of Donor selection
2.2.8 Describe the blood collection technique
2.2.9 Enumerate the tests done for transfusion transmitted diseases
2.2.10 Identify the features of Blood bank refrigerator
2.2.11 Gets an overview about different blood components andstorage
2.2.12 Illustrate the importance of Coomb's test and its types
2.2.13 Differentiate the technique of Cross matching Major & Minor,and explain its phases
2.2.14 Enlist transfusion reactions
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VHSE Curriculum
Month Name of units Periods
1.1 Basic Anatomy and Physiology 100
June 1.1.1 Organisational Structure of human body 15
June/July 1.1.2 Systemic Anatomy 85
1.2 Diagnostic Laboratory 100
July 1.2.1 Introduction to Diagnostic laboratory 30
1.2.2 Familiarisation of Common Glass waresJuly/August & Laboratory Equipments 70
1.3 Introduction to Blood & Phlebotomy 140
August 1.3.1 Blood 40
September 1.3.2 Phlebotomy 40
October 1.3.3 Familiarization of Blood cells 60
Module - 2Haematology and Blood Banking Techniques
2.1 Haematology 240November 2.1.1 Introduction to Haematology 5
November 2.1.2 Haemoglobin estimation 25
November 2.1.3 Total Cell Count 65
December 2.1.4 Examination of Blood Smear 30
December 2.1.5 Packed cell volume 25
January 2.1.6 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 30
January 2.1.7 Test for coagulation 35
January 2.1.8 Automation in Haematology 25
2.2 Immunohaematology & Blood Banking 100
Jan./Feb. 2.2.1 Introduction 15
February 2.2.2 Blood Grouping techniques 30
February 2.2.3 Blood collection for Transfusion 25
February 2.2.4 Compatibility Testing & Issue of Blood 30
Scheme of Work
Module - 1
Anatomy, Physiology and Phlebotomy
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Medical Laboratory Technology
Module 1 Anatomy, Physiology and Phlebotomy 340 periods
Module 2 Haematology and Blood Banking Techniques 340 periods
Module 3 Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Pathology& Histo-technology 340 periods
Module 4 Diagnostic Microbiology, LaboratoryManagement & Automation 340 periods
Course structure
The curriculum of MLT Course consists of 4 modules of 6 monthsduration.
MODULE 1
Anatomy, Physiology and Phlebotomy - 340 periods
UNIT NAME OF UNITS PERIODSNO.
1.1 Basic Anatomy and Physiology 100
1.2 Familiarisation of a Diagnostic Laboratory 100
1.3 Introduction to Blood, Phlebotomy 140
Total Periods 340
MODULE 2
Haematology & Blood banking - 340 periods
UNIT NAME OF UNITS PERIODSNO.
2.1 Haematology 240
2.2 Immunohaematology & Blood Banking Techniques 100
Total Periods 340
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VHSE Curriculum
Class Room Activities• Multi-media presentation• Group Discussion• Interactive Discussion• Debate• Seminar• Assignment• Magazine preparation• Album preparation• Chart preparation• Poster Preparation• Role play• Quiz• Survey• Collection• Model Preparation• Project Preparation• Interaction with Experts• Preparation of Handouts• Reference of Books
Practical Activities• Demonstration• Case study• Hands on experience/Experiment• Survey• Field study• Field visit• Medical Camps• Role Play• Health Awareness Programmes• Health Bulletin Preparation• Socio-drama• Vocational Exhibitions• School PTC
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Medical Laboratory Technology
On the Job Training
OJT enables students to practice their acquired skills in real worksituation and enhance their self esteem. It provides opportunity tofamiliarize with sophisticated equipment and recent methodologies inmedical laboratory technology. A well conducted OJT ensurescompetence of the students among the work force. Communityinvolvement of the OJT contributes to the social and management skillsof the student. The opportunity to interact with highly qualifiedprofessionals of the field inspires the students to higher academicachievements and motivates them to attain professional excellence.
OJT can be provided at• Govt. Medical College Laboratories, laboratories of District, Taluk
Hospitals, Community Health Centers and in Public HealthLaboratories
• Laboratories attached to private hospitals, blood banks andindependent clinical laboratories having standard specifications.
• Laboratories of Co-operative societies, Kudumbasree units etc.
Certification of skills in each module
Module 1 Certificate in Phlebotomy skill.
Module 2 Certificate in Haematology and Blood Banking skills.
Module 3 Certificate in Clinical Biochemistry & ClinicalPathology skills.
Module 4 Certificate in Laboratory Management & DiagnosticMicrobiology skills.
Overview of the Module 1
Curriculum for Medical Laboratory Technology course (MLT) aims toprovide knowledge and skill that make the student a completeprofessional in the subject. The first module of the curriculum includesBasic Anatomy & Physiology, Familiarization of a DiagnosticLaboratory, Phlebotomy techniques and preliminary knowledge aboutblood. The duty of a clinical laboratory is to help in the process ofdiagnosis by the examination of various body fluids. The analysis ofspecimens reveals the abnormal structural and functional status of thebody during diseases. Anatomy and Physiology lessons of the modulehelps the students to gain enough knowledge about the normal structureand function of human body, and to distinguish conditions such asnormal from abnormal or health from ill health.
The role of a diagnostic laboratory in the present scenario of health careis of prime importance due to the increase in diagnostic tools andmethodologies. The second unit of this module is intended to familarise
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VHSE Curriculum
the student with the different types and sections of a laboratory,common laboratory glasswares and lab equipments. The study of theunit gives the student, an insight about the parts and functions of adiagnostic laboratory.
Blood is the most commonly analyzed specimen in a medicallaboratory. Study of phlebotomy helps the student gain knowledge andskill of blood collection. The last unit of the module concludes with afew important aspects about the composition and cellular patterns ofblood and to initiate investigations in haematology.
The remarkable characteristic of the module is the timely blending ofthree fundamental areas of Lab Technology and triggers curiosity in alearner to explore the deeper and wider scope of the subject.
MODULE 1
Anatomy, Physiology and Phlebotomy - 340 periods
UNIT NAME OF UNITS PERIODSNO.
1.1 Basic Anatomy and Physiology 100
1.1.1 Organisational Structure of human body 15
1.1.2 Systemic Anatomy 85
1.2 Diagnostic Laboratory 100
1.2.1 Introduction to Diagnostic laboratory 30
1.2.2 Familiarisation of Common Glass wares &Laboratory Equipments 70
1.3 Introduction to Blood & Phlebotomy 140
1.3.1 Blood 40
1.3.2 Phlebotomy 40
1.3.3 Familiarization of Blood cells 60
Total Periods 340
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Medical Laboratory Technology
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VHSE Curriculum
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•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nQ
ualit
y of
wor
k
Perfo
rman
ce e
valu
atio
nLo
gboo
k en
try
Que
stio
nare
parti
cipa
tion
Parti
cipa
tion
Parti
cipa
tion
in d
iscus
sion
Rec
ordi
ngQ
uiz
Uni
t N
o. 1
.1 -
Bas
ic A
nato
my
& P
hysi
olog
y
Page - 70
Medical Laboratory Technology D
ETA
ILED
ELE
MEN
TS O
F U
NIT
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
tEx
cret
ory
syst
em•
Mod
es o
f exc
retio
n (s
peci
fy n
ames
)•
Urin
ary
syste
m-M
entio
n p
arts
and
func
tion
•Fo
rmat
ion
of u
rine
(nam
e of
ste
pson
ly)
•N
orm
al C
onsti
tuen
ts of
Urin
e•
Clin
ical
impo
rtanc
e of
Urin
e in
brie
fN
ervo
us
syst
em•
Nam
e of
Par
ts &
fun
ctio
n- C
NS
&PN
S•
CSF
and
its
Clin
ical
im
porta
nce
inbr
ief
Rep
rodu
ctiv
e sy
stem
•Pa
rts
&
Func
tion
of
M
ale
Repr
oduc
tive
syste
m•
Parts
&
Fu
nctio
n of
Fem
ale
Repr
oduc
tive
syste
mEn
docr
ine
syst
em•
Ove
rvie
w•
Endo
crin
e gl
ands
•H
orm
ones
of c
linic
al im
porta
nce a
ndth
eir
func
tions
(Pi
tiuta
ry,
Thyr
oid,
Adr
enal
,Pan
crea
s &
Gon
ads
SKIL
LS
•O
bser
vatio
n•
Des
crim
inat
ion
•D
iffer
entia
tion
•C
hart
Prep
arat
ion
•Co
mpa
rison
•R
ecor
ding
•Cl
assif
ying
•Pe
rfor
man
ce•
Dra
win
g
•R
ecol
lect
the
par
ts of
exc
reto
rysy
stem
, par
ts of
urin
ary
syste
mD
iscus
s abo
ut u
rine
form
atio
n•
Get
aw
aren
ess
abou
t no
rmal
cons
titue
nts
& C
linic
al im
porta
nce
of u
rine
•Ill
ustra
te th
e pa
rts a
nd fu
nctio
ns o
fne
rvou
s sy
stem
•D
iffer
entia
te
mal
e &
Fe
mal
ere
prod
uctiv
e sy
stem
•En
umer
ate
impo
rtant
en
docr
ine
glan
ds a
nd th
eir s
ecre
tions
•Re
call
Prev
ious
Kno
wle
dge
Mul
ti-m
edia
Pre
sent
atio
n•
Dist
ribut
ion
of h
ando
uts &
repo
rtsD
iscus
sion
Cha
rt pr
epar
atio
n
•Re
call
Prev
ious
Kno
wle
dge
•M
ulti-
med
ia P
rese
ntat
ion
•Re
call
Prev
ious
Kno
wle
dge
•M
ulti-
med
ia P
rese
ntat
ion
•D
iscus
sion
•M
ulti-
med
ia p
rese
ntat
ion
•C
hart
prep
arat
ion
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nC
once
ptua
l und
ersta
ndin
g•
Eval
uatio
n of
cha
rt
•Sh
ort n
ote
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
n•
Con
cept
ual u
nder
stand
ing
•Q
ualit
y of
cha
rts
Uni
t N
o. 1
.1 -
Bas
ic A
nato
my
& P
hysi
olog
y
Page - 71
VHSE Curriculum
DET
AIL
ED E
LEM
ENTS
OF
UN
IT
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t
Intr
oduc
tion
•Si
gnifi
canc
e of
Med
ical
Lab
orat
ory
tech
nolo
gy•
Type
s of
Lab
orat
orie
s•
Sect
ions
of a
Lab
orat
ory
SKIL
LS
•A
naly
sing
•Co
mpa
rison
•Co
mm
unic
atio
n•
Dat
a Co
llect
ion
Com
mon
Lab
orat
ory
glas
swar
es &
Equ
ipm
ents
•G
lass
war
es &
its
uses
•Cl
eani
ng o
f G
lass
war
es-
Chro
mic
acid
solu
tion
•Co
mm
on
Labo
rato
ry
Equi
pmen
ts-O
pera
tion,
Use
of
Mic
rosc
ope
Cen
trifu
geCo
lorim
eter
Mic
ropi
pette
Chem
ical
Bal
ance
Wat
er b
ath
SKIL
LS
•O
bser
vatio
n•
Com
posit
ion
•D
iffer
entia
tion
•D
iscrim
inat
ion
•Co
mpa
rison
•Id
entif
y th
e ro
le o
f La
bora
tory
in
Hea
lth
care
an
d to
ca
tego
rize
vario
us
type
s an
d se
ctio
ns
ofla
bora
torie
s
•En
umer
ate
diffe
rent
ty
pes
ofG
lass
war
es an
d to
per
form
clea
ning
of G
lass
war
es
•Pr
actic
e op
erat
ion
&
use
ofco
mm
on la
b eq
uipm
ents
•D
iscus
sion
•Fi
eld
Visi
t•
Role
Pla
y•
Mul
ti-m
edia
pre
sent
atio
n•
Surv
ey
•D
iscus
sion
•D
emon
strat
ion
•Pr
actic
al W
ork
•D
iscus
sion
•D
emon
strat
ion
•Pr
actic
al W
ork
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
nC
once
ptua
l Und
ersta
ndin
g•
Eval
uatio
n of
C
harts
&
Ass
ignm
ents
•Su
rvey
rep
orts
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
n•
Perfo
rman
ce E
valu
atio
n
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
n•
Perfo
rman
ce E
valu
atio
n
Uni
t 1.
2 D
iagn
ostic
Lab
orat
ory
Page - 72
Medical Laboratory Technology
Mod
ule
1 :
DET
AIL
ED E
LEM
ENTS
OF
UN
IT
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t
Blo
odIn
trodu
ctio
n - f
orm
atio
n of
Blo
odEr
ythr
opoi
esis,
Le
ucop
oies
is,Th
rom
bopo
iesis
- D
efin
ition
onl
y
Com
posit
ion
of b
lood
-Pla
sma,
For
med
elem
ents
Bloo
d co
agul
atio
nD
efin
ition
, Nam
e the
coag
ulat
ion
fact
ors
- Maj
or s
teps
Diff
eren
ce b
etw
een
Plas
ma
& S
erum
Ant
icoa
gula
nts
- D
efin
ition
, c
omm
onan
ticoa
gula
nts,
colo
ur co
ding
Prep
arat
ion
of
EDTA
A
ntic
oagu
lant
bottl
eSK
ILL
SCl
assif
icat
ion
Diff
eren
tiatio
nCo
mpa
rison
Acq
uisit
ion
Pred
ictio
n
•D
iffer
entia
te
Eryt
hrop
oies
is,Le
ucop
oies
is &
Thr
ombo
poie
sis,
•A
cqui
re
the
conc
ept
ofC
ompo
nent
s of b
lood
, Coa
gula
tion
& A
ntic
oagu
lant
s
•D
istin
guish
diff
eren
t typ
es o
f Blo
odCo
llect
ion
vial
s
•A
ssig
nmen
t•
Cha
rt pr
epar
atio
n•
Disc
ussio
n•
Mul
ti-m
edia
pre
sent
atio
n
•D
iscus
sion
•Se
min
ar
•D
emon
strat
ion
•Pr
actic
al
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
n•
Qua
lity
of C
harts
&•
Eval
uatio
n of
Ass
ignm
ent
•Q
uesti
onai
re
•Pa
rtici
patio
n
•A
quisi
tion o
f ski
lls
Uni
t :
1.3
INTR
OD
UCT
ION
TO
BLO
OD
& P
HLE
BOTO
MY
Unit Det
ailin
g
Page - 73
VHSE Curriculum
Mod
ule
1 :
DET
AIL
ED E
LEM
ENTS
OF
UN
IT
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t
Phle
boto
my
•D
efni
tion
•M
etho
ds -
Cap
illar
y, A
rteira
l &V
enou
s•
Site
of C
olle
ctio
n•
Proc
edur
e - C
apill
ary
& V
enou
sPu
nctu
re•
Prec
autio
ns d
urin
g co
llect
ion
ofBl
ood
•Co
mpl
icat
ions
durin
g blo
od co
llect
ion
SKIL
LS
•O
bser
vatio
n•
Acq
uisit
ion
•Co
mm
unic
atio
nFa
mili
ariz
atio
n of
Blo
od c
ells
•Pr
epar
atio
n of
Thi
n bl
ood
smea
r•
Idea
l blo
od s
mea
r ch
arac
teris
tics
•Fa
ctor
s af
fect
ing
smea
r pre
para
tion
•Le
ishm
an st
ain
- sta
inin
g te
chni
que,
•Bl
ood
cell
type
s - R
BC, W
BC,
Plat
elet
s•
Cla
ssifi
catio
n of
Whi
te b
lood
cel
ls.SK
ILL
S•
Obs
erva
tion
•Co
mpa
rison
•D
iffer
entia
tion
•C
hart
Prep
arat
ion
•Ill
ustra
te th
e site
s, de
vise
s, m
etho
dspr
ecau
tions
and
com
plic
atio
ns o
fbl
ood
colle
ctio
n an
d to
per
form
phle
boto
my
•Pr
actic
e th
in
bloo
d sm
ear
prep
arat
ion
and
stain
ing
•D
iffer
entia
te
diffe
rent
ce
llco
mpo
nent
s
•D
emon
strat
ion
•Pr
actic
al W
ork
•D
emon
strat
ion
•Pr
actic
al
•D
emon
strat
ion
•C
hart
prep
arat
ion
•Pe
rform
ance
Eva
luat
ion
•Pe
rform
ance
eva
luat
ion
•Q
ualit
y of
cha
rt gi
ven
-itco
ntai
n id
entif
ying
char
acte
rs o
f blo
od c
ells
Uni
t :
1.3
INTR
OD
UCT
ION
TO
BLO
OD
& P
HLE
BOTO
MY
Unit Det
ailin
g
Page - 74
Medical Laboratory Technology
Practical Activities of Module 11.1 Anatomy, Physiology & Phlebotomy1.2 Basic Anatomy and Physiology
1. Measurement of Blood Pressure and Pulse1.2 Diagnostic Laboratory
1. Familiarisation and use of Common Laboratory Glass wares2. Cleaning of Glass wares3. Preparation & Use of Chromic acid solution4. Use & Care of Compound Microscope5. Use & Care of Colorimeter6. Use & Care of Chemical Balance
1.3 Introduction to Blood & Phlebotomy1. Preparation of Normal saline2. Behaviour of RBCs in Isotonic saline, hypotonic and
hypertonic saline solutions3. Preparation of EDTA Anticoagulant bottles4. Preparation of 3.8% Sodium citrate solution5. Capillary blood collection6. Venous blood collection
1.4 Familiarisation of Blood cells1. Preparation of Thin Blood smear2. Leishman's Staining & Familiarisation of blood Cells
List of expected skills on completion of module 11. Gain precision in measurement of blood pressure and pulse.2. Gain expertise in proper care and use of a compound microscope.3. Acquire knowledge about handling and operation of instruments
like colorimeter, centrifuge and water bath.4. Identify and differentiate the various laboratory glass wares and
how to keep them clean.5. Attain mastery in the art of Phlebotomy.6. Distinguish various blood cells through the study of a stained
blood smear.
Page - 75
VHSE Curriculum
Over view of module II
HAEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD BANKING
The second module of the Curriculum comprises Haematology andimmunohaematology, which are the most practice oriented branchesof laboratory medicine. The haematology laboratory of a healthcaresystem is concerned with the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases ofthe blood . Lab technicians working in a haematology laboratoryperform an array of blood tests that investigate the cellular elements ofblood and also other constituents like haemoglobin. Morphology andphysiology of blood cells are assessed in diseases throughhaemocytometry and Blood smear examination. Practical training in thismodule covers all these basic level of investigations even though bymanual methods. This will provide the learner an opportunity to usestate of the art technology to investigate disease, and use traditionaltechnologies such as manual cell counts and light microscopy .Apartfrom the diagnosis of abnormalities like leukaemia, anaemia,coagulation disorders etc., haematological investigations help in thediagnosis of diseases of other body systems which may not be directlyrelated to blood or bone marrow. Working as a member of a team,technician will be required to use their training to work in a variety ofhealthcare environments. This is achieved through the learning of basicsof blood and lab management in the first module ,Timely arrangedfield visits and thorough 'On the job training programme',
Blood banking, the process of collecting (donation), testing, processing,and storing blood for later use (transfusion), is a cornerstone ofemergency and surgical medicine and ensures the safe use of blood andits components. The limitation to provide rigorous training in bloodbanking is over come by achieving the expected skill through fieldvisits and OJT in this special area.
Page - 76
Medical Laboratory Technology
MODULE 2
Haematology & Blood banking techniques - 340 periods
UNIT NAME OF UNITS PERIODSNO.
2.1 Haematology 240
2.1.1 Introduction to Haematology 5
2.1.2 Hemoglobin estimation 25
2.1.3 Total Cell Count 65
2.1.4 Examination of Blood Smear 30
2.1.5 Packed cell volume 25
2.1.6 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 30
2.1.7 Test for coagulation 35
2.1.8 Automation in Haematology 25
2.2 Immunohaematology & Blood Banking 100
2.2.1 Introduction 15
2.2.2 Blood Grouping techniques 30
2.2.2 Blood collection for Transfusion 25
2.2.3 Compatibility Testing & Issue of Blood 30
Total Periods 340
Page - 77
VHSE CurriculumM
odul
e 2
: H
aem
atol
ogy
& B
lood
ban
king
tec
hniq
ues
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t
Intr
oduc
tion
to H
aem
atol
ogy
•H
aem
atol
ogy
- Def
initi
on•
Rol
e of h
aem
atol
ogic
al te
chni
ques
indi
agno
sisH
emog
lobi
n es
timat
ion
•In
trodu
ctio
n•
Met
hods
•Cy
anm
etha
emog
lobi
n es
timat
ion
inde
tail
•Cl
inic
al si
gnifi
canc
eSK
ILL
S:•
Obs
erva
tion
•Pe
rfor
man
ce•
Com
paris
on•
Repo
rting
Tota
l C
ell
Cou
nts
•In
trodu
ctio
n•
Coun
ting
cham
ber -
Impr
oved
Neu
baue
r•
Tota
l Ce
ll co
unts-
RBC
, WBC
,Pl
atel
et, A
bs.e
osin
ophi
l•
Dilu
ting f
luid
, Pro
cedu
re, c
alcu
latio
n,no
rmal
val
ue, c
linic
alsig
nific
ance
•R
etic
uloc
yte
coun
t- br
ief d
escr
iptio
nSK
ILL
S:•
Obs
erva
tion
•Pe
rfor
man
ce•
Iden
tific
atio
n•
Repo
rting
•C
hart
Prep
arat
ion
•Su
mm
arise
the r
ole o
f Hae
mat
olog
yin
dia
gnos
is
•En
umer
ate
diffe
rent
hae
mog
lobi
nes
timat
ion
met
hods
•Pr
actic
e hae
mog
lobi
n es
timat
ion
bycy
an m
etha
emog
lobi
n m
etho
d an
dev
alua
te it
s clin
ical
sign
ifica
nce
•Id
entif
y
the
impo
rtanc
e of
haem
ocyt
omet
ry
and
fam
iliar
ize
Impr
oved
ne
ubau
er
coun
ting
cham
ber
•D
iffer
entia
te b
etw
een
diffe
rent
cel
lco
unts
and
eval
uate
the
ir cl
inic
alsig
nific
ance
•Pr
actic
e
tota
l RB
C an
d W
BCco
unts
•D
escr
ibe
Ret
icul
ocyt
e co
unt
•D
iscus
sion
•C
hart
prep
arat
ion
•Pr
actic
als
•O
rgan
ising
Cam
ps
•D
iscus
sion
•D
emon
strat
ion
•C
hart
prep
arat
ion
•A
ssig
nmen
t
•Pr
actic
al
•M
ulti-
med
ia p
rese
ntat
ion
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
n
•Pe
rform
ance
eva
luat
ion
•Pa
rtici
patio
n
•Q
uesti
onna
ire
•Pe
rform
ance
eva
luat
ion
Uni
t 2.
1: H
AEM
ATO
LOG
YUnit Det
ailin
g
Page - 78
Medical Laboratory Technology
Mod
ule
2 :
Hae
mat
olog
y &
Blo
od b
anki
ng t
echn
ique
s
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t
Exam
inat
ion
of B
lood
Sm
ear
•D
iffer
entia
l Leu
cocy
te C
ount
Thin
blo
od sm
ear
prep
arat
ion,
stain
ing,
Cou
ntin
g an
d re
porti
ng•
Perip
hera
l Sm
ear E
xam
inat
ion
- Abn
orm
al R
BC
- siz
e, s
hape
, clo
ur- A
bnor
mal
WBC
- ge
nera
lch
arac
teris
tics
of I
mm
atur
e ce
lls-
Plat
elet
s- a
rrang
emen
t- I
nclu
sion
bodi
es -
RB
C, P
aras
ites
SKIL
LS:
•D
iscrim
inat
ion
•D
iffer
entia
tion
•Re
porti
ngPa
cked
cel
l vo
lum
e•
Met
hods
•W
intro
be's
met
hod
- pro
cedu
re, N
orm
al v
alue
, clin
ical
signi
fican
ce•
Red
cel
l ind
ices
- MCV
, MCH
, MCH
C,- C
linic
al S
igni
fican
ceSK
ILL
S:•
Obs
erva
tion
•Ex
perim
enta
tion
•Co
mpa
rison
•Re
porti
ngEr
ythr
ocyt
e Se
dim
enta
tion
Rat
e(E
SR)
•M
etho
ds•
Stag
es o
f ES
R•
Fact
ors
affe
ctin
g ES
R•
Wes
terg
ren'
s m
etho
d- p
roce
dure
, Nor
mal
val
ue, c
linic
alsig
nific
ance
SKIL
LS:
•A
naly
sing
•O
bser
vatio
n•
Diff
eren
tiatio
n•
Repo
rting
•Pe
rform
D
iffer
entia
l Le
ucoc
yte
coun
t•
Diff
eren
tiate
nor
mal
And
abn
orm
albl
ood
cells
, abl
e to
rep
ort
norm
albl
ood
pict
ure
•Ill
ustra
te th
e im
porta
nce
of P
CV
•Pe
rform
PC
V
by
Win
trobe
'sm
etho
d•
Diff
eren
tiate
di
ffere
nt
red
cell
indi
ces
and
expl
ain
thei
r cl
inic
alsig
nific
ance
•En
list t
he cl
inic
al im
porta
nce o
f ESR
•Pe
rform
ES
R by
W
este
rgre
n's
met
hod
•Pr
actic
al•
Dem
onstr
atio
n•
Mul
ti-m
edia
pre
sent
atio
n
•Pr
actic
al•
Ass
ignm
ent
•A
ssig
nmen
t•
Prac
tical
s
•Pe
rform
ance
eva
luat
ion
•Pa
rtici
patio
n•
Perfo
rman
ce e
valu
atio
n
•Pe
rform
ance
eva
luat
ion
Uni
t :
HA
EMA
TOLO
GY
Unit Det
ailin
g
Page - 79
VHSE CurriculumM
odul
e 2
: H
aem
atol
ogy
& B
lood
ban
king
tec
hniq
ues
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t
Test
for
coa
gula
tion
•In
trodu
ctio
n -
rele
vanc
e,
enlis
tva
rious
coa
gula
tion
tests
•B
leed
ing
Tim
e -
met
hods
, cl
inic
alsig
nific
ance
-
proc
edur
e,
Nor
mal
valu
e of
Duk
e's m
etho
d•
Clo
tting
Ti
me-
met
hods
, cl
inic
alsig
nific
ance
•pr
oced
ure,
Nor
mal
val
ue o
f Cap
illar
ytu
be m
etho
d•
Prot
hrom
bin
Tim
e-br
ief d
escr
iptio
n•
APT
T-br
ief
desc
riptio
nSK
ILL
S:•
Aqu
isitio
n•
Com
paris
on•
Obs
erva
tion
•Pr
edic
tion
Aut
omat
ion
in H
aem
atol
ogy
•In
trodu
ctio
n-ne
ed a
nd a
dvan
tage
•W
orki
ng pr
inci
ple
•Li
ght
scat
ter,
lase
r, el
ectri
cal
impe
danc
e•
Parts
of
a H
aem
atol
ogy
anal
yser
•R
eage
nts
- Dilu
ent,
Lyse
, Rin
se•
Met
hodo
logy
•Pa
ram
eter
s•
Fam
iliar
izat
ion o
f ter
ms -
haem
ogra
m,
histo
gram
, CBC
SKIL
LS:
•O
bser
vatio
n•
Und
ersta
ndin
g•
Com
paris
on•
Diff
eren
tiatio
n•
Repo
rting
•D
iscus
s va
rious
coa
gula
tion
tests
used
•Id
entif
ies a
nd ex
plai
ns de
term
inat
ion
of B
leed
ing
time
& C
lotti
ng ti
me
•D
iffer
entia
te
PT &
APT
T
•En
list
the
need
an
d m
erits
of
auto
mat
ion
in h
aem
atol
ogy
•D
escr
ibe
bas
ic p
rinci
ple,
par
ts,re
agen
ts, o
pera
tion
and
repo
rting
of
resu
lts in
a H
aem
atol
ogy
Ana
lyse
r.
•Ill
ustra
te
the
term
s
CB
C,
Hae
mog
ram
•D
iscus
sion
•R
ecal
ling
prev
ious
Kno
wle
dge
•Pr
actic
al
•M
ulti-
med
ia P
rese
ntat
ion
•Fi
eld v
isit
•Fi
eld v
isit
•M
ulti-
med
ia p
rese
ntat
ion
•Pe
rform
ance
eva
luat
ion
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
disc
ussio
n
•Pe
rform
ance
eva
luat
ion
•R
epor
t eva
luat
ion
Uni
t :
HA
EMA
TOLO
GY
Unit Det
ailin
g
Page - 80
Medical Laboratory Technology M
odul
e 2
: H
aem
atol
ogy
& B
lood
ban
king
tec
hniq
ues
Idea
s/C
once
pts/
Skill
Lear
ning
Out
com
esSu
gges
ted
Act
iviti
esA
sses
smen
t
Intr
oduc
tion
•Im
mun
ohae
mat
olog
y -
Def
initi
on,
Hist
oric
al A
spec
ts•
Blo
od g
roup
ant
igen
s & A
ntib
odie
s•
Bloo
d gr
oup
syste
mA
BO &
Rh
Syste
m in
det
ail
Oth
er bl
ood g
roup
syste
ms a
nem
only
Bom
bay
bloo
d gr
oup
Inhe
ritan
ce o
f Blo
od g
roup
•H
aem
olyt
ic d
iseas
e of
New
born
Bloo
d G
roup
ing
tech
niqu
es•
Cel
l gro
upin
g &
Ser
um g
roup
ing
•Sl
ide
& T
ube
met
hod
- Pro
cedu
re•
Men
tion
Tile
met
hod
Bloo
d co
llect
ion
for
Tran
sfus
ion
•Tr
ansf
usio
n-D
efni
tion,
Nee
d•
Don
or, R
ecei
pien
t-Def
nitio
n•
Don
or s
cree
ning
•D
onor
sel
ectio
n cr
iteria
•H
istor
y of
D
onor
&
M
edic
alex
amin
atio
n•
Blo
od co
llect
ion
Tech
niqu
e-•
Blo
od b
ag, A
ntic
oagu
lant
s•
Scre
enin
g te
sts
for
Tran
sfus
ion
trans
mitt
ed d
iseas
es•
Stor
age
- Blo
od b
ank
refri
gera
tor
•Bl
ood
Com
pone
nts
•M
entio
n co
mpo
nent
s na
me
& i
tssto
rage
, use
Com
patib
ility
Te
stin
g &
Is
sue
ofB
lood
•C
oom
b's
Test
- Dire
ct &
Indi
rect
•Cr
oss
mat
chin
g•
Maj
or &
Min
or- m
entio
n 3
phas
es•
Issu
e of
Blo
od•
Tran
sfus
ion
reac
tions
(Nam
e on
ly)
•Re
cogn
ize
imm
une
haem
atol
ogic
alco
ncep
ts an
d di
ffere
ntia
te
Blo
odgr
oup
antig
ens &
Ant
ibod
ies
•C
lass
ify
diffe
rent
sub
gro
ups
inA
BO &
Rh
Bloo
d gr
oup
syste
m•
Expl
ain
the
inhe
ritan
ce o
f B
lood
grou
p an
d H
DN
•D
iffer
entia
te
betw
een
diffe
rent
grou
ping
met
hods
and g
ain e
xper
tise
in
vario
us
bl
ood
grou
ping
tech
niqu
es•
Enum
erat
e th
e sig
nific
ance
of
trans
fusio
n•
Col
lect
co
ncep
ts ab
out
Don
or,
Rec
ipie
nt a
nd B
lood
tran
sfus
ion
•Ill
ustra
te t
he cr
iteria
's an
d di
ffere
ntph
ases
of D
onor
sel
ectio
n•
Des
crib
e blo
od co
llect
ion
tech
niqu
e•
Enum
erat
e te
sts
done
fo
rtra
nsfu
sion
trans
mitt
ed d
iseas
es•
Iden
tify
the
feat
ures
of B
lood
ban
kre
frig
erat
or•
Enlis
t di
ffere
nt b
lood
com
pone
nts
and
thei
r sto
rage
•Ill
ustra
te th
e im
porta
nce o
f Coo
mbs
test
and
its ty
pes
•D
iffer
entia
te th
e tec
hniq
ue o
f Maj
or&
M
inor
Cr
oss
mat
chin
g an
dex
plai
n its
pha
ses
•En
list
trans
fusio
n re
actio
ns
•M
ulti-
med
ia p
rese
ntat
ion
•C
hart
prep
arat
ion
•D
iscus
sion
•D
emon
strat
ion
•Pr
actic
al•
Org
aniz
ing
& P
artic
ipat
ing
in th
ebl
ood
grou
p ca
mps
•Br
ain
storm
ing
•Fi
eld v
isit
•D
emon
strat
ion
•Fi
eld v
isit
•Fi
eld v
isit
•Fi
eld v
isit
•Fi
eld v
isit
•Fi
eld
Visi
t•
Dem
onstr
atio
n
•Q
ualit
y of
cha
rts•
Que
stion
naire
•Pe
rform
ance
eva
luat
ion
•Pa
rtici
patio
n in
the
cam
p
•R
epor
t eva
luat
ion
•R
epor
t eva
luat
ion
•R
epor
t eva
luat
ion
•R
epor
t eva
luat
ion
•R
epor
t eva
luat
ion
•R
epor
t eva
luat
ion
Uni
t 2.
2
IMU
MU
NO
HA
EMA
TOLO
GY
& B
LOO
D B
AN
KIN
GUnit Det
ailin
g
Page - 81
VHSE Curriculum
List of Practical Activities of MODULE 2
Haematology& Blood banking techniques
2.1 Haematology1. Estimation of Haemoglobin by Cyanmethaemoglobin method2. Familirisation of Counting Chamber3. Preparation of Tuerk’s Fluid4. Total W.B.C count5. Total R.B.C count6. Platelet count7. Differential Leucocyte Count8. Peripheral smear examination-Demonstration of Abnormal blood
cells & Reporting of Normal blood smear9. Packed cell Volume-Wintrobe’s method10. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate-Westergren’s method11. Bleeding Time method-Duke’s method12. Clotting Time method-Capillary tube method
2.2 Immunohaematology & Blood banking1. ABO Grouping-Slide method2. ABO Grouping-Tube method3. Compatibility testing
List of expected skills on completion of module 2.
The learner is expected to achieve the following skills at the end ofmodule 2.1. Gain expertise in performing various heamatological
investigations2. Be Familiar with haematology analysers and examine the
advantages of automation in haematology3. Gain expertise in performing blood grouping techniques by
different methodologies4. Be Familiar with the procedures, investigations and working of
a blood bank from blood grouping till the issuing of blood
List of Tools, Equipment and materials
Module 11. BP Apparatus 5 no.2. Stethoscope 5 no.3. Laptop 1 no4. LCD Projector 1 no.
Page - 82
Medical Laboratory Technology
5. Models and Chart of organ systems of human body6. Chart showing phlebotomy sites 1 no.7. Multi-media presentations8. Permanent slides of cell, tissues9. Laboratory glassware
Test tube Conical FlaskStandard Flask Measuring CylinderPipettes BeakerFunnel Centrifuge tubeReagent Bottle Dropper bottleWash bottle Glass rodWatch glass
10. Chemical balance 1 no.11. Medical Microscope 12 nos.12. Cedar wood Oil 250 ml13. Centrifuge 1 no14. Micropipette (fixed 1000 micro litre) 1no.15. Micropipette (Variable100-1000 micro litre) 1no.16. Micropipette (Variable 5-50 micro litre) 1no.17. Water bath 1no.18. Needle Destroyer 1no.19. Photoelectric Colorimeter 2 no.20. Cuvette 6 no.21. Bunsen Burner 6 Nos.22. Rubber teets 1 dozen23. Vacutainer tubes (With different anticoagulants) 1/2 dozen24. Disposable Gloves 1 box25. Lancet (1 x 200) 1 box26. Disposable Syringe and needle (5ml) (1 x 100) 1box27. Cotton 1 Roll28. Tourniquet 6 nos.29. Glass slides 5 packets30. Microscopic coverglass 5 packets31. Spreader slide ½ dozen32. Spirit 500 ml33. EDTA powder 500 gm
Page - 83
VHSE Curriculum
34. Leishman stain (1X250 ml) 2 bottle35. Potassium Dichromate 500 gm36. Con. Sulphuric Acid 500ml37. Distilled Water 5 litre38. Sodium Chloride 500 gm39. Tri Sodium Citrate 500 gm
Module 21. Drabkins Solution with Hb Standard 1000 ml2. Improved Neubauer Counting chamber 6 nos.3. Counting chamber Cover Glass 1 Packet4. RBC diluting fluid 125ml5. Methylene Blue 125ml6. Glacial Acetic acid 500ml7. Distilled Water 5 Litres8. Eosinophil diluting fluid 125ml9. Platelet Diluting fluid 125ml10. Wintrobe’s tube 12 Nos.11. Pasteur pipette 1 Packet12. Westergren’s pipette 12 Nos.13. Westergren’s stand 5 Nos.14. Capillary tube 4 Packet15. Filter paper no.10 6 Packet16. Antisera A,B & D 1 x 10ml each17. White Porcelain Tile 1 No.18. Blood bag- Single, Double & Triple bags 1 No.19. Coomb’s Serum 2ml20. Chart showing Abnormal blood cell 1 No.
21. Chart showing blood Group interpretation 1 no.
Reference books
Module 11. Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in health and illness by
Kathleen J W Wilson- Churchil Livingstone2. Sear’s Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses by RS Winwood, J L
Smith-ELBS3. Human Physiology by C Chatterjee
Page - 84
Medical Laboratory Technology
4. Review of Medical Physiology by William F Ganong5. Text book of Physiology by SharadaSubramanyam & Dr. K
Madhavankutty6. Text book of Medical Laboratory Technology By Praful B Godkar7. Medical Laboratory Technology by Kanai L Mukharjee8. Clincal Diagnosis and Management by laboratory methods Henry
Bernard J Sanford T & Davidson9. Practical Haematology by Dacies and Lewis
Module 21. Text book of Medical Laboratory Technology By Praful B Godkar2. Medical Laboratory Technology by Kanai L Mukharjee3. Clinical Dignosis and Lab Management by Henry Bernard J
Sanford T & Davidson4. Practical Haematology by Dacies and Lewis5. Principles and Practice of transfusion Medicine by Dr. R N Makroo6. Text book of Medical Laboratory Technology By Praful B Godkar7. Medical Laboratory Science, Theory and Practical by J Ochei &
Kolhatkar8. Text book of Laboratory Medicine, by V H Talib9. Hand book of Laboratory Technology by Scott
Detailed Unit Analysis
Overview of the Unit
Anatomy and physiology has prime importance in the curriculum ofmedical sciences. The first unit of the first module for MLT curriculumis dedicated to Basic Anatomy & Physiology and offer learning thestructure and function of human body, but not in a much detailed way.Knowledge about the normal structure and function help the student todifferentiate diseased condition from healthy state. Human Anatomyand physiology being a much vast and deeper subject, is difficult to bedealt in a basic programme like VHSE. Hence this unit is designed insuch a way that both the subjects are exposed to the student with lessroom for detailed discussions. In this combined topic, necessaryweightage has been ensured in relevant areas
The unit mainly discusses two aspects. The first part deals with the roleof anatomy and physiology in laboratory technology andfamiliarization of common anatomical terms. This is expected toprovide a new insight about the subject and awareness, how thisknowledge will be beneficial in their profession.
Page - 85
VHSE Curriculum
During the second part all major body systems are discussed briefly.The knowledge gained earlier by the students about human body willdefinitely make the learning much easier and interesting. More over thecuriosity of learners about human body, Its numerous functions andsystems, maintain the interest of a student till the completion of unit.
List of Expected Skills• Observation• Drawing• Performance• Discrimination• Differentiation• Management• Understanding• Identification• Analysing
Module 1 Unit 1.1 Basic anatomy & Physiology
1.1.1. Chapter 1 Organizational set up of Human body
Concept 1Familiarization of Cell, Tissue, Organ & Organ system
Activity Suggested:Discussion & Multi-media presentationMentor initiates a general discussion after showing a videoclippingPreparation of Chart/Poster/Models
Points to be discussed:Terms - cell, tissue, organNames of various systems of the body
Consolidation:The fundamental unit of life is cellOrganizational set up of living body
Concept 2Familiarization of Common termsAnatomical Position & Anatomical Terms
Activity Suggested:Poster preparation, Chart preparationDiscussion about the different branches of sciences, deals with thestudy of human body and their relevance
Page - 86
Medical Laboratory Technology
Points to be discussed:What is Anatomy, Physiology, Cytology, Histology, Pathology-HistopathologyCommon terms used to locate the position of different organs inthe human body with respect to anatomical position such asanterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superior,inferior.
Consolidation:Understand the different terms used to study the structure ofhuman body.Identifies the location of different organs using terms with respectto anatomical position.
Chapter 2 Systemic Anatomy
Concept 1
Skeletal SystemActivity Suggested:
Recall the previous knowledge & Demonstration using modelsDiscussion about Skeletal system by demonstration of a model ofhuman skeleton
Points to be discussed:System Overview-General function, Familiarization of bones,Osteology, Cartilage & Joints- Arthrology
Consolidation:Different bones of the human body which provide a structuralframe work and helps in movement.Study of bone-OsteologyStudy of Joints-Arthrology
Concept 2Cardiovascular system
Activity Suggested:Illustration & Practical workDiscussion with illustration of Diagram of Heart, demonstrates thetechnique of Blood pressure measurement technique
Points to be discussed:System overview, FunctionDifference between artery, vein and capillaryCardiac cycle
Page - 87
VHSE Curriculum
Measurement of Blood Pressure & PulseECG-definition and importanceDiscuss about Lymph
Consolidation:Cardio-vascular system consists of central pumping organ Heartand numerous blood vessels to circulate the blood throughvarious parts of the body.Understand the importance of ECG and know about lymph
Assigned activity:Measurement of Blood Pressure & Pulse
Concept 3
Respiratory systemActivity Suggested:
Brain storming & Multimedia presentationMentor started a brain storming session with students about thestructure functions of Respiratory system and conclude with avideo clipping
Points to be discussed:Parts of Respiratory systemWhat is Respiration and its typesWhat do you mean by Respiratory rate & Vital capacityImportance of spirometerClinical importance of Sputum
Consolidation:Mention Respiratory system parts includes nose, pharynx, larynx,trachea, bronchi & lungsRespiration - Inspiration & ExpirationKnow Respiratory rate, Vital capacity & spirometerImportance of Lab examination of sputum in respiratorydisorders
Concept 4Digestive system
Activity Suggested:Recall previous knowledge & Multimedia presentation
Points to be discussed:Overview, Name of the parts, Mouth, Pharynx, Oesophagus,Stomach, Small intestine, Function of Liver and Pancreas
Page - 88
Medical Laboratory Technology
Clinical importance of faeces examinationConsolidation:
Parts & function of digestive systemTo know about secretions & functions of Liver & PancreasClinical importance o f faecal examination in GIT disorders
Concept 4Excretory system
Activity Suggested:Recall previous knowledge & Multi-media presentation
Points to be discussed:OverviewModes of excretion,Urinary system - parts and functionSteps of urine formationNormal constituents of urine and its clinical importance
Consolidation:Different channels of excretionUrinary system consists of Kidney, Ureter, Urinary Bladder &UrethraNormal constituents of urineClinical importance of urine in screening of kidney disorders
Concept 4Nervous system
Activity Suggested:Recall previous knowledge & Multi-media presentation
Points to be discussed:OverviewName parts of system - CNS & PNSTo know about importance & function of CSF
Consolidation:Nervous system co-ordinates all life activitiesParts of nervous systemFunction and Clinical importance of CSF
Page - 89
VHSE Curriculum
Concept 4Reproductive system
Activity Suggested:Recall previous knowledge & Multi-media presentation
Points to be discussed:OverviewMention parts of Male Reproductive systemMention parts of Female Reproductive system
Consolidation:The male reproductive system consists of Testis and accessaryorgansStudents gather knowledge about various parts of femalereproductive system
Concept 4Endocrine system
Activity Suggested:Discussion & Chart preparation
Points to be discussed:OverviewMention important endocrine glands such as Pituitary, Thyroid,Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas and GonadsWhat are hormones?Mention major Hormones and their functions
Consolidation:Students get awareness about the position of endocrine glandssuch as Pituitary, Thyroid,Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas and GonadsImportant Hormones and action
Assigned work: Chart preparation
Repository of CE possibilities
Assessment in education is the process by which knowledge, skillattitude and belief is documented. Most popular way of assessment inthe current scenario is conducting examinations, even though pitfalls layin. Establishing pre determined criteria are inevitable to reaching thedesired goals in assessing students. This help the teacher to know whichstudent have in fact achieved the learning intention.
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Medical Laboratory Technology
Process assessment
Process assessment is another form of product assessment . Differentmethods of assessment provide the means of ensuring that students areable to demonstrate the range of their abilities in different contexts.Performance Assessment and Personal Communication are one of thecommonest strategies employed for this. Each category has its ownadvantages in assessing different learning outcomes. For example, aselected response assessment task such as a series of multiple-choicequestions, is able to assess mastery in all areas of knowledge but doesnot observe reasoning. Participation in discussion and other class roomactivities ,performance in practicals, answering during interviews aresome of the ways to assess individuals. Preparation, Performance anddata evaluation in project workscan especially account for theperformance dimention.
Portfolio assessment
A portfolio is a collection of student work with a common theme orpurpose. Portfolios are often described as a more authentic means ofassessment than the traditional classroom test. Rather than showing thatthe learner knows what has been taught, the portfolio demonstrates thatthe student can do what has been taught. Different methods ofassessment are useful for different purposes. Portfolio assessment ismost appropriate when learning can be best demonstrated through aproduct. Prepared charts, documented reports, albums, magazines andthe effort and participation in these will be some of the criteria.
Unit assessment
Unit assessment is achieved by conducting academic quiz, multiplechoice/open book exams, personal interviews, unit tests etc.
TE QuestionsOrganisational structure of Human body1. Complete the given chart showing organisational structure of
human body
2. Arrange properlyAnatomy Study of functions of the bodyPhysiology Study of TissuesCytology Study of structure of bodyHistology Study of diseasesPathology Study of Cells
Humanbody
Cell
Page - 91
VHSE Curriculum
3. Arrange the different organs in the descending order of theirpositiona) Eyesb) Heartc) Braind) Kneee) Navelf) Toeg) Thumbh) Thigh
4. Largest bone in the body is ________.5. Find the Odd one out
a) Anterior, Lateral, Medial,b) Ovary, Fallopian tube, Vas deferens, Uterus
6. Your teacher asked your group to conduct a seminar on BPMeasurement.Prepare a draft paper showing the requirement, procedure andnormal value of the same.