About Me!

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ture BS Mechanical EngineeringBS Electrical EngineeringSenior Officers’ Management Course

M T i i P

MS Mechanical EngineeringMPhil Physics

Fut

No. 1EngineeringInstitution

MS Radiation & Medical Oncology

BS Mechanical Engineering

2010

PIEAS

MS Medical PhysicsMS Process EngineeringMS Materials Engineering

Management Training Program

BS C & I f i S i

Institution

DEGREE AWARDING

20002005

ies PhD ProgramBS Computer & Information SciencesAWARDING

STATUS 1995for Nuc

lear Stud

MS Systems EngineeringMS Nuclear Medicine

19851990

Centre f

MS Nuclear Engineering

1980

Reactor Schoo

l g gMS Nuclear Technology

Fellowship Program

19751970

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R gy1965

Presentation Layout

IntroductionCoal potential in PakistanCurrent status on coal utilizationRecent developments in PakistanWay forward – Pakistan Coal Utilization and Research ForumConclusion

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IntroductionIntroductionHuge coal reserves in Pakistan ~ 185 bn TonnesgThar coal has low sulfur (~1.75%), low ash (~8.83%), high moisture (~48.57%) and a heating value of 12,322 BTU/lb on dry ash free basis. yPower generation using Thar coal is being considered since two decade now and can generate thousands of jobs and can save $ 4-4.50 billion spent on oil import bill. $ p pThe cost of production from Thar coal is estimated as ¢ 5.67 per unit of electricity whereas per unit cost for production from oil is ¢ 9.27.from oil is ¢ 9.27. Currently a bilateral deal between China and Pakistan named as the “China-Pakistan Economic Corridor” (CPEC) has significant impact under which the Chinese government andsignificant impact under which the Chinese government and banks will fund Chinese companies to build $ 45.6 billion worth of energy and infrastructure projects.

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The energy consumptionThe energy consumption comparisoncomparisonPresently not an energy i t i li i b tintensive living but demand increasing steadily CIP • 40% population• 30% energy steadily.The gap between supplies of electricity

gyconsumption supp es o e ect c typeaked at 6000 MW in 2012.MTJ@PIEAS 7

Current coal based power pprojects in PakistanSr. No. Power plant Established by Power generation in Project cost Job creationsSr. No. Power plant Established by Power generation in Project cost Job creations

1 1,320 MW Coal-fired Power Plant at Sahiwal district Huaneng Shandong Electricity Limited and Shandong Ruyi Group end of 2017 $1.8 billion 3,000, including 1,000 Chinese workers2 Mine-Mouth Power Project Thar(Block I), Sindh, 1,320 MW Shanghai Electric, China 2017-18 $ 2.6 Billion3 Imported coal power plant at Port Qasim. 1,320 MW China & Qatar 2017 $1.09 Billion 4 1 320 MW Thar coal based po er Engro Po ergen $ 1 6 Billi4 1,320 MW Thar coal based power project at Thar (Block II) Engro Powergen 2018 $ 1.6 Billion5 1,320 MW Imported coal based power project at HUB Baluchistan Hub Power Company 2017 $1.6 Billion6 300 MW Imported coal based power project at Salt Range, Pind DadanKhan (Punjab) China Machinery Engineering Corporation (CMEC) 2017 $ 588.98 million 300 Chinese workers7 660 MW Imported coal based j t P t Q i K hi Lucky Electric Power 2017 $ 767.9 Millionproject Port Qasim, Karachi 2017 Capital cost8 350 MW Imported coal based power project at Port Qasim, Karachi Siddiqsons Ltd 2016 $ 600 Million9 150 MW Imported coal based power project at Arifwala (Punjab) Grange Power Ltd 17-18project at Arifwala (Punjab)

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1,320 MW Coal-fired Power , Plant at Sahiwal districtAround 3,000 workers, including 1,000 Chinese!4 48 illi f l ill b i d4.48 million tons of coal will be required annually for the plant!!

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1,320 MW Coal-fired Power , Plant at Sahiwal district G ffi i f 42 11% Gross efficiency of 42.11% Supercritical steam generator (OT up to 580oC) Daily water requirement of 60 000 Daily water requirement of 60,000 cubic meters of from the Lower Bari Doab Canal Imported coal Imported coal from Indonesia and South Africa Chinese consortium will bear 20% of the cost & remaining Industrialof the cost & remaining Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

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Current status on coalCurrent status on coal utilizationutilizationCoal production has decreased to 3.45 million tons in 2010 2011 f 3 48 illi t i th i2010 – 2011 from 3.48 million tons in the previous year.Primarily coal is used in cement and other industriesPrimarily coal is used in cement and other industries, where its share is up to 61.6%. Whereas the power sector consumed only 1.0% during the 2010 – 2011, y % g ,while consumption in the brick kilns was 30.9%.

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The “circular debt” issueIdealistic power tariffNational Electric Power Regularity AuthorityCentral Power Purchasing Agency Guarantee Limited

L fi i lLower financial recoveryFailure of the government to manage its subsidies mechanismmechanism

leading to a stern “circular debt” issue $3 377 billion…leading to a stern circular debt issue - $3.377 billionMTJ@PIEAS 12

Summary of cost and tariffSummary of cost and tariff for coal based power plantsp pPower Plant

Capacity Capital

Cost $

O &M Cost($/KWh)

Upfront Tariff(¢/KWh)

(MW) (Million $) Fixed Variable Local Coal Imported Coal200 254.88 0.307 0.114 8.2927 8.2753200 254.88 0.307 0.114 8.2927 8.2753600 702.00 0.287 0.114 7.7931 7.7784

1000 1062 00 0 266 0 11 900 9221000 1062.00 0.266 0.114 7.4900 7.4922MTJ@PIEAS 13

P P li i P kiPower Polices in PakistanPower policy 1994: Concessions, including fiscal incentives on taxes, insurance and custom duties. P li 1995 P i i f t ti i t Power policy 1995: Provision of protection against interruption in taxes, duties and prolonged business.Power policy 1998: Hydel Build Own OperatePower policy 1998: Hydel - Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) basis; and thermal projects on a Build-Own-Operate (BOO) basis. u d O Ope ate ( OO) bas sNational Power policy 2013: Sustainable, cheap and efficient power generation also minimization of p gpilferage and adulteration in fuel supply. Source: http://www nepra org pk/power policies htm)

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Source: http://www.nepra.org.pk/power_policies.htm)

Recent developments inRecent developments in PakistanPakistanInternational Workshop on Clean Coal Combustion and Knowledge Exchange March 07 08 2012 IslamabadKnowledge Exchange, March 07-08, 2012, Islamabad, PakistanUK Pakistan Coal Conference, July 03-05, 2012, Leeds, UKU a sta Coa Co e e ce, Ju y 03 05, 0 , eeds, UInternational Workshop on Coal Mining - Surface Mining Methods, March 07-08, 2013, Islamabad, PakistanSeminar on Mineral Resource Engineering, May 06-07, 2015, Islamabad, PakistanDi t L i h t S f Mi iDistance Learning short course on Surface Mining Methods, July 18 - August 12, 2016

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S l t d bli tiSome selected publications

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S l t d bli tiSome selected publications

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Way forwardPakistan Coal Utilization and Research Forum –PKCURF

The main aims of the forum are:To provide a stage for knowledge exchange for the key stakeholdersTo support the utilization of coal in Pakistan as a key primary energy pp y p y gysource To promote research and expertise in utilization of coal in Pakistan

The Forum will work to achieve these aims by:ySupporting participation of the researchers in various national and international activities Strengthening laboratories for research related to coal and other solid f lfuelsHelping in preparing proposals for funding for research on coalDocumenting successful funding applications on coal researchE h h f f l hEncouraging the exchange of information on coal researchCoordination of activities related to mining and utilization for power generation P blici ing the achie ements of coal research in the PakistanPublicizing the achievements of coal research in the Pakistan

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ConclusionConclusionDespite development of good partnerships there are stillDespite development of good partnerships there are still multiple challenges. Several activities are managed in Pakistan with support from UK to use clean coal technologies and awareness is created for adopting modern coal mining practices. Thar coal utilization can save $ 4.0 billion dollars annuallyThar coal utilization can save $ 4.0 billion dollars annually by dropping cost on oil import. Power generation using coal cost ¢ 5.67 per kWh while its t ¢ 9 27 kWh if i ilcost ¢ 9.27 per kWh if using oil.The CPEC projects worth $ 45.6 billion has created a new

window of opportunity for harnessing vast experience in the f pp y f g pUK for clean coal combustion and adopting modern coal mining practices in Pakistan.

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Acknowledgements!The authors acknowledge the enabling role of Higher Ed ti C i i (HEC) P ki t d B iti hEducation Commission (HEC) Pakistan and British Council, Islamabad in promoting innovation through research cooperation under Knowledge Economyresearch cooperation under Knowledge Economy Project (KEP) titled “Research cooperation for Research cooperation for innovation in coal combustion and promotion of modern innovation in coal combustion and promotion of modern mining practices in Pakistanmining practices in Pakistan”.

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