ABO Blood Incompatibility
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Transcript of ABO Blood Incompatibility
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BLOOD
INCOMPATIBILITY
GROUP 4
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Red Blood Cell
The main function isto deliver oxygen tothe tissue and helpsin the disposal of carbon dioxide andprotons formed by
tissue metabolism.
Hemoglobin- about95% of itsintracellular protein
There are nointracellularorganelles such asmitochondria,lysosomes or Golgiapparatus.
It is non-nucleated
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ATP used is synthesizedfrom Glycolysis and isimportant in processesthat help the red cellmaintain its biconcave
shape and also in theregulation of thetransport of ions.
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THE COMPOSITION OF RBCMEMBRA NE
about 50% lipid and 50% proteinThe major phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, andphosphatidyl serine along with sphingomyelin.The Major Integral Proteins: A nion ExchangeProtein & the Glycophorins
Spectrin, A nkyrin, & Other PeripheralMembrane Proteins Help Determine theShape & Flexibility of the Red Blood Cell
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THE COMPOSITION OF RBCMEMBRA NE
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The anion exchange protein (band 3)
a transmembrane glycoprotein
multipass membrane protein
forms a tunnel, permitting the exchange of chloride for bicarbonate
The amino terminal end binds many proteins,
including hemoglobin, proteins 4.1 and 4.2,ankyrin, and several glycolytic enzymes.
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Glycophorins A , B, and C
transmembrane glycoproteins but of thesingle-pass typeA
is the major glycophorinGlycophorin A contains binding sites forinfluenza virus and for Plasmodium falciparum
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Spectrin
major protein of the cytoskeleton. It iscomposed of two polypeptides: spectrin 1 (chain) and spectrin 2 ( chain).
four binding sites can be defined in spectrin:(1) for self-association, (2) for ankyrin (bands2.1, etc), (3) for actin (band 5), and (4) forprotein 4.1.
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A nkyrin
Pyramid-shaped protein that binds spectrin.
It binds tightly to band 3, securing attachment
of spectrin to the membrane.A nkyrin is sensitive to proteolysis
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A ctin (band 5)
short, double-helical filaments of F-actin.
The tail end of spectrin dimers binds to actin.
A ctin also binds to protein 4.1.
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Protein 4.1
a globular protein, binds tightly to the tail endof spectrin
also binds to the integral proteins,glycophorins A and C, thereby attaching theternary complex to the membrane
may interact with certain membranephospholipids, thus connecting the lipidbilayer to the cytoskeleton
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THE COMPOSITION OF RBC MEMBRA NE
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Biochemical basis of blood typing and of
blood type determination.
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Antibody Immune Response
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H Substance Is the Biosynthetic Precursor
of Both the A & B Substances
Formed by F ucosyltransferase - that catalyses theaddition of terminal fucose in alpha 1-> 2 linkage
onto the terminal Gal residue of its precursor
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The A Gene Encodes a GalN A c Transferase
The B Gene a Gal Transferase
The O Gene an Inactive Product
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Importance of the oligosaccharidesequence in the RBC membrane in blood
type determination
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Roles of Genetics in determining the Bloodtype
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Roles of Genetics in determining the Bloodtype
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Predicting human blood types
What are the possible blood types of the offspring of across between individuals that are type A B and typeO?
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Cases on Blood Incompatibility
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Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
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Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Rh INCOMPATIBILITY- a condition which
develops when a pregnant woman has an Rh-negative blood type and the fetus she carrieshas Rh-positive blood type.
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
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Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
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END OF RE PORT.