ABC NEWS POLL: IRAQ – WHERE THINGS STAND EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE AFTER 6 a.m. Monday, Dec. 12, 2005

Poll Finds Broad Optimism in Iraq, But Also Deep Divisions Among Groups

Surprising levels of optimism prevail in Iraq, with living conditions improved, security more a national worry than a local one and expectations for the future high. But views of the country’s situation overall are far less positive, and there are vast differences in views among Iraqi groups – a study in contrasts between increasingly disaffected Sunni areas and vastly more positive Shiite and Kurdish provinces. An ABC News poll in Iraq, conducted with Time magazine and other media partners, includes some remarkable results: Despite the daily violence there, most living conditions are rated positively, seven in 10 Iraqis say their own lives are going well and nearly two-thirds expect things to improve in the year ahead. Insurgent attacks notwithstanding, more than six in 10 Iraqis feel very safe in their own neighborhoods, up sharply from 40 percent in a June 2004 survey. And 61 percent say local security is good – up from 49 percent in the first ABC News poll in Iraq in February 2004. Nonetheless, nationally, security is seen as the most pressing problem by far; 57 percent identify it as the country’s top priority.

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Economic improvements are helping the public mood. Average household incomes have soared by 60 percent in the last 20 months (to $263 a month), 70 percent of Iraqis rate their own economic situation positively and consumer goods are sweeping the country. In early 2004 six percent of Iraqi households had cell phones; now it’s 62 percent. Ownership of satellite dishes has nearly tripled, and many more families now own air conditioners (58 percent, up from 44 percent), cars, washing machines and kitchen appliances. There are positive political signs as well. Three-quarters of Iraqis express confidence in the national elections being held this week, 70 percent approve of the new constitution and 70 percent – including most people in Sunni and Shiite areas alike – want Iraq to remain a unified country. Interest in politics has soared. Preference for a democratic political structure has advanced, to 57 percent of Iraqis, while support for an Islamic state has lost ground, to 14 percent (the rest, 26 percent, chiefly in Sunni Arab areas, favor a “single strong leader.”) Whatever the current problems, 69 percent of Iraqis expect things for the country overall to improve in the next year – a remarkable level of optimism in light of the continuing violence there. However, in a sign of the many challenges ahead, this optimism is far lower in Sunni Arab-dominated provinces, where just 35 percent are optimistic about the country’s future.

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Democracy Islamic state Single strong leader for life

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Preferred Political SystemABC News poll

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NEGATIVES – Other views, moreover, are more negative: Fewer than half, 46 percent, say the country is better off now than it was before the war. And half of Iraqis now say it was wrong for U.S.-led forces to invade in spring 2003, up from 39 percent in 2004. The number of Iraqis who say things are going well in their country overall is just 44 percent, far fewer than the 71 percent who say their own lives are going well. Fifty-two percent instead say the country is doing badly. There’s other evidence of the United States’ increasing unpopularity: Two-thirds now oppose the presence of U.S. and coalition forces in Iraq, 14 points higher than in February 2004. Nearly six in 10 disapprove of how the United States has operated in Iraq since the war, and most of them disapprove strongly. And nearly half of Iraqis would like to see U.S. forces leave soon. Specifically, 26 percent of Iraqis say U.S. and other coalition forces should “leave now” and another 19 percent say they should go after the government chosen in this week’s election takes office; that adds to 45 percent. Roughly the other half say coalition forces should remain until security is restored (31 percent), until Iraqi security forces can operate independently (16 percent) or longer (five percent).

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Views of the U.S./CoalitionABC News poll

U.S.-led invasion of Iraq

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This survey was sponsored by ABC News with partners Time, the BBC, the Japanese network NHK and the German newsmagazine Der Spiegel, with field work by Oxford

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Research International. It consists of in-person interviews with a random national sample of 1,711 Iraqis from early October through Nov. 22. There were limitations on questions in the survey because of security concerns; for example, Iraqis were not asked their religious doctrine, Sunni or Shiite. Instead this analysis looks at Sunni-dominated, Shia-dominated, mixed and Kurdish regions, using previous data to categorize provinces. SUNNI and SHIITE – Sunni Arabs, the favored group under Saddam Hussein, lost their status with his overthrow and clearly resent it. In contrast Shiites, the larger group, are embracing their newfound political clout despite the attacks that have targeted them. Kurds in the North (who are Sunnis, but attitudinally far different from Sunni Arabs), the strongest supporters of the United States by far, are the most positive Iraqi group, by dint of the greater autonomy they’ve long sought. People in mixed areas of the country, notably the population center, Baghdad, tend to view conditions much more favorably than those in Sunni Arab areas, and generally more in line with views in the mainly Shiite South. Majorities in Shiite and Sunni Arab areas do share some views, such as discontent with the presence of U.S. forces and – perhaps crucially for Iraq’s future – a desire to keep the country unified. But the degree differs sharply; for example, 88 percent in Sunni areas want a unified Iraq, compared with 56 percent in Shiite provinces. And on other matters, including fundamental political issues, Sunni/Shiite-area views more directly conflict.

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Divided Opinions: Shiite vs Sunni Areas ABC News poll

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Confidence in this week’s elections is far lower in Sunni Arab areas – 48 percent, compared with more than 80 percent elsewhere – but, given broad disaffection in Sunni areas, that could be worse. Perhaps more threatening is that just 27 percent in Sunni areas approve of the constitution, compared to more than eight in 10 Iraqis in the rest of the country, Shiite, Kurdish and mixed areas alike. Such gaps seem to represent Iraq’s greatest challenge. On issue after issue, from personal satisfaction to security to political views, people in Sunni areas – about one in four Iraqis – express vastly more negative views than their Shiite- or Kurdish-area counterparts. Just 11 percent of people in predominantly Sunni provinces, for example, feel safe in their own neighborhoods, compared with eight in 10 Iraqis in other areas. People in mainly Sunni areas are far less confident in the Iraqi government, army or police. They’re half as likely as those in mainly Shiite provinces to say their own lives are going well and half as likely to expect things to improve in the next year. While 53 percent of people in predominantly Shiite areas say the country as a whole is doing well, a mere nine percent of those in mostly Sunni provinces agree. GROWING GAPS – Rather than moving toward healing, the gaps between views in Sunni areas vs. the rest of Iraq have widened sharply since early 2004, with attitudes worsening in Sunni areas while improving elsewhere. While Iraqis in Shiite, mixed and Kurdish provinces all rate the security situation, their job opportunities and their family’s protection from crime more positively than they did 20 months ago, those in Sunni provinces have grown decidedly more negative. Similarly, while Iraqis’ positive ratings of their lives overall look stable (71 percent today vs. 70 percent in 2004), beneath those overall numbers are a 21-point improvement in Shiite areas – and a 26-point decline in the outlook in Sunni provinces. Local conditions good, ’04-’05 change ------------Region--------------- All Shiite Sunni Mixed Kurdish O Crime protection +13 +7 -22 +45 +13

verall life +1 +21 -26 +6 -4

Security +12 +22 -19 +29 +14 Jobs +12 +31 -12 +16 +9 The Sunni/Shiite gap has also grown on measures of confidence in key Iraqi institutions. While people in mainly Shiite provinces are 22 points more likely to have faith in the Iraqi army than they were in 2004, in mainly Sunni areas confidence has fallen by 13 points; a 15-point gap has now grown to 50. The divide in views of police similarly has increased by 23 points. As noted, both Sunni and Shiite communities oppose the presence of U.S. and coalition forces, but views on the subject in Shiite areas have held steady over the past year and a

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half, while support for coalition forces in Sunni areas has gone from minimal, 24 percent, to near zero, four percent. ANBAR – Attitudes in Anbar – a Sunni Arab-dominated province that’s been a center of anti-coalition sentiment – are even more extreme than views in other predominately Sunni areas. (Anbar includes Fallujah and the provincial capital, Ramadi.) Already lower than in non-Sunni areas, confidence in institutions craters in Anbar: Only three in 10 of those in Anbar have confidence in the police, a scant one in 10 expresses confidence in the new Iraqi army and a mere four percent approve of the Iraqi government’s performance. The United States fares even more poorly in Anbar, where a solitary one percent say the U.S.-led invasion was a good thing for Iraq, and not a single respondent expresses confidence in the U.S. and U.K. occupation forces. While last year’s survey identified strong anti-American sentiment in Anbar, the unsettled security situation may help drive the low ratings of Iraqi institutions (only religious leaders are more highly rated in Anbar than elsewhere). Nearly half in Anbar call instability their biggest problem – 17 points more than in other, already on-edge, Sunni areas – and just 13 percent say their local security situation is good. Only 28 percent expect security to improve. The political outlook, however, could improve. Nearly six in 10 Anbar residents have confidence that the upcoming elections will lead to a stable government. They’re also more likely than people in other Sunni areas to be interested in politics and to talk politics with others (more than eight in 10 in Anbar say they do both). But only two in 10 Anbar residents approve of the newly minted constitution. LOCAL CONDITIONS – Across Iraq, most local conditions are rated positively – and more so than in early 2004. This survey finds 10- to 13-point gains in ratings of local crime protection, security and medical care, as well as in the still-problematic areas of electric supply and jobs. (Even including the substantial number of self-employed workers, Iraqis are only about half as likely as Americans to hold jobs.) Expectations for improvement in local conditions are all high – in the mid-70s – and similar to their levels in early ‘04. Still, there clearly is room for improvement in local conditions. Many of the ratings are predominantly “good” rather than “very good” (freedom of speech, after the repression of the Saddam years, is one notable exception; schools are another). On as basic an element as the supply of clean water, for example, just 19 percent say theirs is very good, and on electrical supply it’s just 11 percent.

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Local Conditions in IraqABC News poll

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Local conditions Good Very Bad Good, NET Good NET change from 2/04 Crime protection 66% 33 33 +13 points Security 61 31 38 +12 Jobs 38 11 58 +12 Medical care 62 27 36 +11 Electricity 45 11 54 +10 Clean water 58 19 42 +8 Basic goods 60 22 39 +4 Schools 74 43 25 +2 Local government 51 21 42 +1 Free speech 78 45 19 na Economic situation 70 22 30 na Although most of these ratings have improved since February 2004, fewer Iraqis now say these conditions are better than they were before the war. That could reflect both dimmer recollection and an unwillingness to give the war credit for positive change. The measure above, rating conditions without relying on recollection, is more reliable one. FUEL, POWER and RECONSTRUCTION – Electricity, taken for granted in the United States, is a continued sore point. Fifty-four percent say it’s bad in their area, although that’s down from 64 percent last year. More than half of Iraqis (again 54 percent) have electricity for no more than eight hours a day. Just five percent have it around the clock.

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Ironically for an oil-rich nation, fuel supply also is a persistent problem. Among Iraqis who drive, seven in 10 say they encounter fuel lines. Just under half say they say they wait for hours; a quarter, for days. Two-thirds of Iraqis also report waiting lines for another necessity, heating or cooking fuel. Four in 10 say they wait for hours; just under three in 10, for days. And despite the billions spent, reconstruction does not win broad accolades. Just 18 percent of Iraqis say postwar reconstruction efforts in their area have been “very effective.” Instead 52 percent say such efforts have been ineffective or, while needed, have not occurred at all. Few – just six percent – credit the United States with the main role in reconstruction. More say it’s the Iraqi people (12 percent) or the Iraqi government (nine percent), but 37 percent say it’s “no one.” SECURITY – With 57 percent giving it top priority for the country overall, security dwarfs other national concerns (next, cited by 10 percent, is getting the United States out of Iraq; nine percent say it’s rebuilding infrastructure, with other options in lower single digits.) In another example of the majority’s positive outlook, 70 percent think security nationally will improve in the next year. But that falls to 40 percent in Sunni areas (and 28 percent in Anbar). When asked what could be the worst thing to happen in Iraq in the next year, a combined total of 37 percent cited a lack of security, or chaos; civil war or internal trouble; or the division of the country. An additional 12 percent cited terrorism as the worst thing that could happen; nine percent said the occupation forces not leaving Iraq, with other answers in the low single digits. Alternatively, 52 percent said the best thing that could happen was security, or peace and stability. In another sign of optimism, Iraqis are much more likely to say the best thing is likely to happen (90 percent think so) than the worst thing (51 percent). Respondents also were asked what makes them feel unsafe, or if, instead, they feel safe. This measure of personal security – rather than national security – shows notable improvement: Fifty-one percent say they feel safe, nearly double what it was in June 2004. Among the half of Iraqis who do feel unsafe, the main reason given, by far, is terrorism. And many in this “unsafe” group “very often” take a range of measures: avoiding U.S. forces (67 percent), avoiding checkpoints (52 percent), avoiding police and government buildings (47 percent) and being careful what they say (43 percent). Top security-related priorities for the future are fighting ordinary crime and stopping attacks on civilians and the Iraqi police or army. Stopping attacks on coalition forces comes in much lower.

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CONFIDENCE – Despite the growing gap between Sunni and Shiite provinces, confidence in some national institutions has risen overall, particularly confidence in the Iraqi Army, up from 39 percent in November 2003 to 67 percent now; and in the police, up from 45 percent to 68 percent (but stable since last year). Confidence in... Now 2/04 11/03 Police 68% 68 45 Iraqi army 67 56 39 Religious leaders 67 70 63 Nat’l gov’t 53 na na Ministries in Baghdad 45 44 41 Local governorate 42 na na Local leaders 41 50 44 UN 31 40 31 Political parties 25 28 19 U.S./U.K. forces 18 25 19

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Confidence in InstitutionsABC News poll

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ELECTION – As noted, 76 percent of Iraqis express confidence that this week’s elections will produce a stable government, although fewer, 42 percent, are very confident of it. Interest in politics has soared – 39 percent in an Oxford survey in November 2003, 54 percent in February 2004 and 69 percent now. But there’s been an 11-point dip since June

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2004 in people talking about politics, in what may reflect increased caution in light of the Iraqi insurgency. The election itself looks wide open, at least from the perspective of these October-to-November interviews. Thirty-seven percent of Iraqis said they hadn’t decided which party to support (but were planning to vote). Those with a preference were scattered among a wide range of political parties. Support for former prime minister’s Ayad Allawi’s Wifaq National Movement, or Iraqi National Accord Movement, was nine percent; the Kurdish PUK, nine percent; the Shiite-affiliated Islamic al-Dawa Party, eight percent. Parties people would “never vote for” include the now-outlawed al-Baath (nine percent) and al-Dawa (seven percent). National leaders with the greatest trust include the current prime minister, Ibrahim al-Jaafari (15 percent), Allawi (15 percent) and Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani (10 percent), with others in single digits. But al-Jaffari also comes up as No. 1 on the don’t-trust at-all list, at 12 percent. Such is politics. DEMOCRACY – As in so many of these issues, a closer look at views on Iraq’s future system of government may give pause to policy makers there (and in the United States as well).

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Overall, as noted, 57 percent of Iraqis prefer democracy to either strongman rule or an Islamic state. But preference for democracy falls under 50 percent among people in Shiite

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areas (45 percent) and Sunni areas (38 percent) alike. Democracy is boosted to a majority by its support in Kurdish provinces and in mixed Shiite/Sunni areas, chiefly the capital, Baghdad. At the same time, that result measures support for democracy “now,” which for some Iraqis may be constrained by concern about the country’s current situation. When Iraqis instead are asked which of these systems they prefer not now, but in five years’ time, support for democracy is a bit higher – 64 percent – mainly at the expense of support for a strong leader. And in this formulation it reaches a majority in all groups, albeit still with some substantial differences. What Iraq needs in five years Democracy Islamic state Strong leader All 64% 12 18 Mixed areas 74 8 11 Kurdish areas 61 14 17 Shiite areas 59 24 11 Sunni areas 55 4 34 WOMEN – Finally, this survey asked about women’s rights in Iraq, and found a broad range of responses: On one hand 99 percent of Iraqis support women voting or working as medical doctors; on the other fewer than half say a woman should be able to serve as president, and fewer still, 38 percent, say women should be eligible to serve as an elected village or town chief, known as a mukhtar. These views, surprisingly in the less-tolerant cases, are almost identical among men and women. The differences instead, as in so much in Iraq, appear in the regions. In Kurdish areas, 76 percent say a woman should be able to be elected as mukhtar. In Shiite-dominated areas it’s 56 percent. But that falls to 32 percent in mixed Shiite-Sunni areas, and bottoms out at just six percent in mainly Sunni provinces. % Support ---------Region-------- All Kurdish Shiite Sunni Women voting 99% 100 99 99 Women doctors 99 99 96 98 Women driving 84 96 83 75 Women in nat’l assembly 80 92 83 62 Woman governor 51 79 57 22 Woman president 46 71 57 21 Woman mukhtar 38 76 56 6 The range is similar for other offices. Seventy-one percent of Kurds say a woman should be able to serve as president; in Sunni areas this dives to 21 percent. And it goes lower: In Anbar province, the conservative center of Sunni discontent, just eight percent would accept a woman as president of Iraq.

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METHODOLOGY – This poll was conducted for ABC News, Time magazine, the BBC, NHK and Der Spiegel by Oxford Research International. Interviews were conducted Oct. 8-Nov. 22, 2005, in person, in Arabic and Kurdish, among a random national sample of 1,711 Iraqis age 15 and up. The results have a 2.5-point error margin. Details of the survey methodology are available upon request. This analysis examines regions where different groups predominate, based primarily on data from the February 2004 Iraq poll. Predominantly Shiite Arab provinces were identified as Basra, Kerbala, Missan, Najaf, Qadissiyah and Wassit, all in the South. Predominantly Sunni Arab provinces are Anbar, Diyala, Ninewa and Salah Al-Din. Mixed provinces are Babil, Baghdad and Tameem, and predominantly Kurdish provinces in the North are Dokuhk, Erbil and Suleymaniya. The two remaining provinces, Muthanna and Thi-Qar, both in the mainly Shiite South, were not selected in the random-sampling process in this survey. Analysis by Gary Langer and Jon Cohen. ABC News polls can be found at ABCNEWS.com at http://abcnews.com/pollvault.html. Media contact: Cathie Levine, (212) 456-4934. Full results follow (* = less than .05 percent): 1. Overall, how would you say things are going in your life these days - very good, quite good, quite bad, or very bad? -------Good------- --------Bad------- No NET Very Quite NET Quite Very opin. 11/22/05 71 22 49 29 18 11 1 6/14/04* 55 12 43 45 29 16 * 2/28/04 70 13 57 29 14 15 1 *6/14/04 survey by Oxford Research International for Oxford University. 2. Compared to the time before the war in Spring 2003, are things overall in your life much better now, somewhat better, about the same, somewhat worse or much worse? -------Better-------- About --------Worse-------- No NET Much Somewhat the same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 51 21 31 19 29 19 10 1 2/28/04 56 22 35 23 19 13 6 2 3. What is your expectation for how things overall in your life will be in a year from now - will they be much better, somewhat better, about the same, somewhat worse or much worse? -------Better-------- About --------Worse-------- No NET Much Somewhat the same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 64 35 29 14 13 7 5 10 2/28/04 71 37 34 9 7 3 3 13

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4. Now thinking about how things are going, not for you personally, but for Iraq as a whole, how would you say things are going in our country overall these days? Are they very good, quite good, quite bad, or very bad? -------Good------- --------Bad------- No NET Very Quite NET Quite Very opin. 11/22/05 44 14 30 52 23 30 3 5. Compared to our country as it was before the war in spring 2003, are things in Iraq overall much better now, somewhat better, about the same, somewhat worse or much worse? -------Better-------- About --------Worse-------- No NET Much Somewhat the same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 46 22 24 13 39 21 18 2 6. From today’s perspective and all things considered, was it absolutely right, somewhat right, somewhat wrong or absolutely wrong that US-led coalition forces invaded Iraq in spring 2003? -----------Right----------- -----------Wrong----------- No NET Absolutely Somewhat NET Somewhat Absolutely opin. 11/22/05 46 19 28 50 17 33 4 6/14/04 38 12 26 56 24 32 6 2/28/04 48 20 29 39 13 26 13 7. What is your expectation for how things will be for Iraq as a country overall a year from now? Will they be much better, somewhat better, about the same, somewhat worse or much worse? -------Better-------- About --------Worse-------- No NET Much Somewhat the same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 69 41 28 11 11 6 5 9 8. Thinking ahead to the next 12 months, what would be the best thing which could happen to Iraq? 11/22/05 Security 33 Peace and stability 19 A better life 8 American forces leaving Iraq 6 Sound government 3 Free/independent Iraq 1 Independence for Kurdistan 2 A strong/progressive Iraq 2 Unity 2 Approval of the Constitution 1 Freedom 1 A job 1 A better economic situation 1 Reconstruction 1 An Iraqi democratic/independent government 1 Improved services (electricity, water, etc.) 1 Strong/fair leader * A federal Iraq * American forces staying in Iraq * Other personal * Executing Saddam *

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Successful elections * Iraq uses Arab countries as a model * An Islamic government * Saddam's return * Improved/resumed education * None * Other 3 No opinion/No answer 13 9. You said the best thing that could happen to Iraq over the next 12 months is [read out the answer to Q8]. How likely do you think is this to happen? ------ Likely ------ ----- Unlikely ---- No NET Very Quite NET Quite Very opin. 11/22/05 90 56 34 6 4 2 4

10. What would be the worst thing that could happen to Iraq in the next 12 months?

11/22/05 Lack of security/chaos 17 Civil war/internal trouble 16 Terrorism 12 Occupation not leaving Iraq 9 Division of the country 4 No government 2 Current situation continues 2 Bad conditions/living standard 1 Rejection of the Constitution 1 Return of Saddam/former regime 1 Unfavorable situation for Kurds 1 Unemployment 1 No services (electricity, water, etc.) * American forces leaving Iraq * High prices * Personal problems * Lack of Iraqi political control * Islamic rule * No freedom * None * Other 2 No opinion/No answer 31 11. You said the worst thing that could happen to Iraq over the next 12 months is [read out the answer to Q10]. How likely do you think is this to happen? ------ Likely ------ ----- Unlikely ---- No NET Very Quite NET Quite Very opin. 11/22/05 51 15 36 35 23 12 14 12. What is the single biggest problem you are facing in your life these days? 11/22/05 Lack of stability 16 No job 11 Housing problems 5 Personal problems 5 Poor public services 5

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Poor living standards 4 Economic problems 3 Terrorist attacks 2 Academic problems 2 Poor electricity supply 2 High prices 1 Other 4 No problem/no single biggest problem 31 No opinion 9 13a. I would like to ask you about today’s conditions in the village/neighborhood where you live. How would you rate the following using very good, quite good, quite bad or very bad? 11/22/05 - Summary Table ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. a. The security situation 61 31 30 38 17 21 1 b. The availability of jobs 38 11 27 58 23 34 5 c. The supply of electricity 45 11 35 54 30 24 1 d. The availability of clean water 58 19 39 42 27 15 * e. The availability of medical care 62 27 35 36 23 13 2 f. Local schools 74 43 31 25 17 7 1 g. Local government 51 21 30 42 24 18 7 h. The availability of basic things you need for your household 60 22 38 39 23 15 2 i. Your family's protection from crime 66 33 33 33 19 14 1 j. Your family's economic situation 70 22 48 30 20 10 1 k. Your freedom of speech 78 45 32 19 14 5 3 Trend: a. The security situation ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. 11/22/05 61 31 30 38 17 21 1 2/28/04 49 20 29 50 21 29 1 b. The availability of jobs ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. 11/22/05 38 11 27 58 23 34 5 2/28/04 26 7 19 69 23 46 6 c. The supply of electricity ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. 11/22/05 45 11 35 54 30 24 1 2/28/04 35 8 27 64 28 37 1 d. The availability of clean water ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. 11/22/05 58 19 39 42 27 15 * 2/28/04 50 20 31 48 22 26 1

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e. The availability of medical care ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. 11/22/05 62 27 35 36 23 13 2 2/28/04 51 17 34 47 24 22 3 f. Local schools ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. 11/22/05 74 43 31 25 17 7 1 2/28/04 72 37 35 26 15 11 3 g. Local government ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. 11/22/05 51 21 30 42 24 18 7 2/28/04 50 18 32 38 20 18 12 h. The availability of basic things you need for your household ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. 11/22/05 60 22 38 39 23 15 2 2/28/04 56 18 38 41 24 17 2 i. Your family’s protection from crime ----- Good ----- ------ Bad ----- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very Not app. 11/22/05 66 33 33 33 19 14 1 2/28/04 53 21 31 44 20 23 4 j-k. No trend 13b. Compared to the time before the war in Spring 2003, would you say (item) is much better now, somewhat better, about the same, somewhat worse or much worse? 11/22/05 - Summary Table -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. a. The security situation 44 27 17 16 39 16 22 1 b. The availability of jobs 32 13 19 24 39 25 15 5 c. The supply of electricity 29 11 19 32 38 24 13 1 d. The availability of clean water 33 15 19 38 28 19 9 1 e. The availability of medical care 37 17 20 39 21 15 6 3 f. Local schools 41 26 15 43 14 10 4 2 g. Local government 36 16 20 30 27 15 12 7 h. The availability of basic things you need for your household 43 17 26 29 26 16 10 2 i. Your family's protection from crime 45 24 20 24 29 18 12 2 j. Your family's economic situation 43 19 24 32 24 17 7 1 k. Your freedom of speech 47 27 20 25 25 12 14 3

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Trend: a. The security situation -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 44 27 17 16 39 16 22 1 2/28/04 54 26 28 18 26 15 11 2 b. The availability of jobs -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 32 13 19 24 39 25 15 1 2/28/04 39 12 27 31 25 16 9 5 c. The supply of electricity -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 29 11 19 32 38 24 13 1 2/28/04 43 15 28 32 23 15 8 2 d. The availability of clean water -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 33 15 19 38 28 19 9 1 2/28/04 41 18 24 40 16 10 6 2 e. The availability of medical care -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 37 17 20 39 21 15 6 3 2/28/04 44 16 28 38 16 11 5 3 f. Local schools -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 41 26 15 43 14 10 4 2 2/28/04 47 24 23 41 9 7 3 3 g. Local government -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 36 16 20 30 27 15 12 7 2/28/04 44 17 27 29 16 11 6 10 h. The availability of basic things you need for your household -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 43 17 26 29 26 16 10 2 2/28/04 47 18 28 35 16 11 5 3 i. Your family’s protection from crime -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin.

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11/22/05 45 24 20 24 29 18 12 2 2/28/04 50 23 27 26 21 13 8 3 j-k. No trend 13c. What is your expectation for (item) a year from now, do you expect it to be much better, somewhat better, about the same, somewhat worse or much worse? 11/22/05 - Summary Table -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. a. The security situation 77 53 24 10 4 3 1 9 b. The availability of jobs 75 48 28 11 4 3 1 10 c. The supply of electricity 74 48 26 14 4 3 2 8 d. The availability of clean water 73 47 26 17 3 2 1 7 e. The availability of medical care 73 48 26 16 3 2 1 8 f. Local schools 75 51 23 18 2 1 1 6 g. Local government 72 46 25 15 3 2 1 11 h. The availability of basic things you need for your household 76 49 27 13 4 3 1 8 i. Your family's protection from crime 76 51 26 12 3 2 1 9 j. Your family's economic situation 76 50 26 12 4 3 1 8 k. Your freedom of speech 76 56 20 12 3 2 1 8 Trend: a. The security situation -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 77 53 24 10 4 3 1 9 2/28/04 74 42 32 10 5 3 3 11 b. The availability of jobs -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 75 48 28 11 4 3 1 10 2/28/04 73 38 35 11 4 2 2 13 c. The supply of electricity -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 74 48 26 14 4 3 2 8 2/28/04 74 40 34 11 5 3 2 10 d. The availability of clean water -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 73 47 26 17 3 2 1 7 2/28/04 75 43 32 13 4 2 1 9 e. The availability of medical care

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-------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 73 48 26 16 3 2 1 8 2/28/04 75 43 32 12 3 2 1 10 f. Local schools -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 75 51 23 18 2 1 1 6 2/28/04 74 44 30 14 3 1 1 9 g. Local government -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 72 46 25 15 3 2 1 11 2/28/04 69 40 29 12 4 2 2 15 h. The availability of basic things you need for your household -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 76 49 27 13 4 3 1 8 2/28/04 76 43 33 10 3 2 1 10 i. Your family’s protection from crime -------Better------ -------Worse------- No NET Much Somewhat Same NET Somewhat Much opin. 11/22/05 76 51 26 12 3 2 1 9 2/28/04 75 42 33 11 4 2 2 11 j-k. No trend 14. I am going to read some ideas about priorities for the next 12 months. Please tell me which one is your first priority, your second priority and your third priority. Also, please tell me which one you think is no priority at all. 11/22/05 Summary Table -----------Priority--------- Not a NET First Second Third priority a. Regaining public security in the country 81 57 14 10 * b. Ensuring that oil production increases 23 7 9 7 3 c. Reviving the economy 24 4 11 9 1 d. Dealing with the members of the previous government 2 * 1 1 63 e. Rebuilding the infrastructure (electricity, water supply, telephone…) 46 9 22 15 1 f. Ensuring that most people in this country can make a decent living 34 5 14 16 1 g. Rebuilding the education system 12 2 5 5 1 h. Establishing a stable national government 34 5 12 18 * i. Reducing crime 14 2 4 8 1 j. Getting U.S. and other occupation forces out of Iraq 28 10 8 11 4 k. No opinion/No answer * * - - 26 Trend:

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a. Regaining public security in the country -----------Priority--------- Not a NET First Second Third Priority 11/22/05 81 57 14 10 * 2/28/04 85 64 13 7 3 11/15/03 83 67 10 6 * b. Ensuring that oil production increases -----------Priority--------- Not a NET First Second Third Priority 11/22/05 23 7 9 7 3 2/28/04 13 2 7 4 1 11/15/03 13 4 6 3 3 c. Reviving the economy -----------Priority--------- Not a NET First Second Third Priority 11/22/05 24 4 11 9 1 2/28/04 28 3 15 10 1 11/15/03 26 4 13 8 1 d. Dealing with the members of the previous government -----------Priority--------- Not a NET First Second Third Priority 11/22/05 2 * 1 1 63 2/28/04 2 1 1 * 62 11/15/03 1 * * * 77 e. Rebuilding the infrastructure (electricity, water supply, telephone, etc.) -----------Priority--------- Not a NET First Second Third Priority 11/22/05 46 9 22 15 1 2/28/04 55 7 29 19 * 11/15/03 57 9 32 16 * f. Ensuring that most people in this country can make a decent living -----------Priority--------- Not a NET First Second Third Priority 11/22/05 34 5 14 15 1 2/28/04 30 4 9 17 * 11/15/03 38 4 15 20 * g. Rebuilding the education system -----------Priority--------- Not a NET First Second Third Priority 11/22/05 12 2 5 5 1 2/28/04 10 1 4 6 * 11/15/03 16 2 4 10 * h-j. No trend 15. How effective or ineffective have the reconstruction efforts in the area where you live been since the war of spring 2003?

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--- Effective --- --------- Ineffective ---------- No opin./ NET Very Quite NET Quite Very No efforts Not app. 11/22/05 36 18 18 52 14 26 12 12 16. Who in your opinion has contributed most in helping the reconstruction of post-war Iraq? 11/22/05 The Iraqis 12 Iraqi government 9 Americans 6 Kurds 4 Foreign companies 3 Coalition forces 2 Local government 2 Jalal al-Talabani 1 Iraqi organizations 2 Al-Sadr’s militias 1 The UN 1 Ibrahim al-Jaafari * Humanitarian organizations * Massoud Barazani * Arab countries * European countries * Political parties * Other countries 1 Someone else * Other 1 No one 37 No opinion 18 17. Which structure should Iraq have in future? 11/22/05 2/28/04 One unified Iraq with central government in Baghdad 70 79 A group of regional states with their own regional governments and a federal government in Baghdad 18 14 Dividing the country into separate independent states 9 4 No opinion 3 3 18a. Which national leader in Iraq, if any, do you trust the most? 11/22/05 Ibrahim al-Jaafari 15 Ayad Allawi 15 Jalal al-Talabani 10 Massoud Barazani 5 Saddam Hussein 3 Abdul Aziz al-Hakeem 2 Muqtada al-Sadr 2 Mithal al-Alousi 2 Saleh al-Mutlaq 2 Adnan al-Pachachi 1 Ahmed Chalabi 1 Al Sistani 1 Hareth al-Darry 1 Other 1 Any Kurdish leader 1 Muhsin Abdul Hameed * Adnan al-Dilemy *

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Al Sharif Ben al-Hussein * Sultan Hashim * Mishaan Jibbory * Tariq Aziz * Majeed Hameed Moussa * Abdul Hameed Majeed * Ahmed al-Kubaesi * Leeth al-Kuba * Bahram Salih * Ghazi Ajeel al-Yawer * Fasal al-Guood * None 17 No opinion/No answer 20 18b. And, if any, which one do you not trust at all? 11/22/05 Ibrahim al-Jaafari 12 Saddam Hussein 6 Ahmed Chalabi 5 Ayad Allawi 5 Abdul Aziz al-Hakeem 4 Saleh al-Mutlaq 2 Jalal al-Talabani 1 Adnan al-Dilemy 1 Ghazi Ajeel al-Yawer * Hareth al-Darry * Baath Party * Mishaan Jibbory * Adnan al-Pachachi * Massoud Barazani * Muqtada al-Sadr * All leaders * Al Sharif Ben al-Hussein * Mithal al-Alousi * Muafaq al-Rubaee * Falah Hassan al-Naqeeb * Bahr al-Uloom * Muhsin Abdul Hameed * Arab leaders 1 Other 1 Any Shia leader * Members of previous regime * Religious parties * None 29 Not sure/no answer 31 19. I am going to name a number of organizations. For each one, could you tell me how much confidence you have in them: is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all? If you have not heard of an organization, please tell me so.

11/22/05 Summary Table -------Confident------- ----Not confident---- No op./ NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None Not heard a. Iraq's religious leaders 67 40 27 27 16 12 6 b. New Iraqi Army 67 36 31 30 18 12 3 c. Ministries in Baghdad 45 19 26 48 26 22 7 d. The police 68 38 31 30 18 12 2

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e. The United Nations 31 11 20 64 26 38 5 f. Political parties 25 8 17 69 29 39 6 g. US and UK occupation forces 18 7 11 78 23 55 5 h. Local leaders in your community 41 17 23 50 29 21 10 i. National government of Iraq 53 23 30 41 25 16 6 j. The governorate 42 16 26 43 26 16 16 Trend: a. Iraq's religious leaders ------Confident------- ---Not confident--- No op./ NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None Not heard 11/22/05 67 40 27 27 16 12 6 2/28/04* 70 42 28 21 13 9 8 11/15/03 63 38 25 27 17 10 9 *Asked among those who have heard of Iraq’s religious leaders (55 percent). b. New Iraqi Army ------Confident------- ---Not confident--- No op./ NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None Not heard 11/22/05 67 36 31 30 18 12 3 2/28/04* 56 18 38 35 25 10 9 11/15/03 39 13 25 45 29 16 17 *Asked among those who have heard of the New Iraqi Army (90 percent). c. Ministries in Baghdad ------Confident------- ---Not confident--- No op./ NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None Not heard 11/22/05 45 19 26 48 26 22 7 2/28/04* 44 11 33 45 30 15 11 11/15/03 41 12 29 44 28 17 14 *Asked among those who have heard of the Ministries in Baghdad (87 percent). d. The police ------Confident------- ---Not confident--- No op./ NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None Not heard 11/22/05 68 38 31 30 18 12 2 2/28/04* 68 26 41 28 20 8 4 11/15/03 45 18 28 45 30 15 10 *Asked among those who have heard of the police (99 percent). e. The United Nations ------Confident------- ---Not confident--- No op./ NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None Not heard 11/22/05 31 11 20 64 26 38 5 2/28/04* 40 14 27 51 26 26 8 11/15/03 31 11 20 59 26 33 1 0 *Asked among those who have heard of the United Nations (98 percent). f. Political parties ------Confident------- ---Not confident--- No op./ NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None Not heard 11/22/05 25 8 17 69 29 39 6 2/28/04* 28 7 21 61 25 36 11

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11/15/03 19 5 14 66 28 38 15 *Asked among those who have heard of political parties (99 percent). g. US and UK occupation forces ------Confident------- ---Not confident--- No op./ NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None Not heard 11/22/05 18 7 11 78 23 55 5 2/28/04* 25 8 17 66 23 43 8 11/15/03 19 7 12 71 20 52 9 *Asked among those who have heard of US and UK occupation forces (99 percent). h. Local leaders in your community ------Confident------- ---Not confident--- No op./ NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None Not heard 11/22/05 41 17 23 50 29 21 10 2/28/04* 50 17 34 38 22 16 12 11/15/03 44 19 26 38 21 17 18 *Asked among those who have heard of local leaders in their community (65 percent). i-j. No trend 20a. Irrespective of the form of government Iraq has now, people have different ideas about what Iraq needs at this time. How about you? How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements — do agree strongly, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree or strongly disagree? 11/22/05 Summary Table. ---------Agree--------- --------Disagree------- No NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly op. a. A (single) strong Iraqi leader 91 75 16 8 4 4 1 b. A group of strong Iraqi leaders 58 29 29 39 15 23 3 c. A gov't made up mainly of religious leaders 48 25 23 50 18 32 3 d. A gov't made up mainly of Iraqi military leaders 49 22 27 48 20 27 4 e. An Iraqi democracy 90 74 16 8 5 4 2 f. An Iraqi government made up of experts and/or managers, not politicians 68 35 34 28 14 13 4 g. An Iraqi government endorsed by the U.N. 37 14 23 59 17 42 5 Trend: a. A (single) strong Iraqi leader ---------Agree--------- --------Disagree------- No NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin. 11/22/05 91 75 16 8 4 4 1 6/14/04 86 71 15 10 5 6 4 2/28/04 81 66 15 14 5 9 5 11/15/03 67 50 16 27 14 13 7 b. A group of strong Iraqi leaders ---------Agree--------- --------Disagree------- No NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin.

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11/22/05 58 29 29 39 15 23 3 6/14/04 56 19 38 39 21 17 5 2/28/04 53 24 29 39 17 21 8 11/15/03 42 16 25 49 31 19 9 c. A government made up mainly of religious leaders ---------Agree--------- --------Disagree------- No NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin. 11/22/05 48 25 23 50 18 32 3 6/14/04 53 22 31 42 24 17 5 2/28/04 53 27 26 40 16 24 7 11/15/03 56 29 28 37 24 13 7 d. A government made up mainly of Iraqi military leaders ---------Agree--------- --------Disagree------- No NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin. 11/22/05 49 22 27 48 20 27 4 6/14/04 32 8 24 62 31 31 7 2/28/04 34 11 23 58 20 37 8 11/15/03 24 6 18 68 38 30 8 e. An Iraqi democracy ---------Agree--------- --------Disagree------- No NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin. 11/22/05 90 74 16 8 5 4 2 6/14/04 84 67 17 11 7 4 5 2/28/04 86 72 14 9 4 5 5 11/15/03 85 65 20 9 7 2 6 f. An Iraqi government made up of experts and/or managers, not politicians ---------Agree--------- --------Disagree------- No NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin. 11/22/05 68 35 34 28 14 13 4 6/14/04 68 36 32 23 14 9 9 2/28/04 67 35 32 23 12 11 10 11/15/03 63 27 36 27 18 9 11 g. No trend 20b/c. What do you think Iraq needs after the election planned for December 2005? What do you think Iraq needs in five years time? a. A (single) strong Iraqi leader Needs after Needs in election five years 11/22/05 51 31 2/28/04* 47 35 11/15/03 27 27 *2/28/04 and prior ask “what do you think Iraq needs in next 12 months?” b. A group of strong Iraqi leaders Needs after Needs in election five years 11/22/05 4 3 2/28/04* 3 3 11/15/03 3 3

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*2/28/04 and prior ask “what do you think Iraq needs in next 12 months?” c. A government made up mainly of religious leaders Needs after Needs in election five years 11/22/05 5 6 2/28/04* 10 10 11/15/03 11 11 *2/28/04 and prior ask “what do you think Iraq needs in next 12 months?” d. A government made up mainly of Iraqi military leaders Needs after Needs in election five years 11/22/05 2 1 2/28/04* 1 * 11/15/03 * * *2/28/04 and prior ask “what do you think Iraq needs in next 12 months?” e. An Iraqi democracy Needs after Needs in election five years 11/22/05 28 45 2/28/04* 28 42 11/15/03 32 38 *2/28/04 and prior ask “what do you think Iraq needs in next 12 months?” f. An Iraqi government made up of experts and/or managers, not politicians Needs after Needs in election five years 11/22/05 3 3 2/28/04* 2 2 11/15/03 5 5 *2/28/04 and prior ask “what do you think Iraq needs in next 12 months?” g. An Iraqi government endorsed by the U.N. Needs after Needs in election five years 11/22/05 2 1 20d. Can you tell me the [single] reason for your choice (in Q20c). Why a strong leader: To take control of Iraq 25 Peace and security 19 Unity 9 We want/need one 7 Best system 6 Unified decisions/ opinion 5 To run the country 3 We need strong people to do things 2 Maintaining rights of main groups in society 2 A better life 2 Equality and justice 2 To make Iraq stronger/to rebuild Iraq 1 A leader like Saddam 1

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To protect Iraq 1 To solve problems 1 To represent the people 1 An end to occupation * Other 3 No opinion 10 Why democracy: Freedom 27 Best system 10 To have a government/ leader chosen by the people 9 Peace and security 6 Maintaining the rights of main groups in society 5 It improves the situation/ brings progress 5 Equality and justice 4 A better life 4 To make Iraq stronger/to rebuild Iraq 3 To get rid of the former regime 2 Unity 1 We need/want it 1 To represent the will of the people 1 To fulfill people’s hopes/aims 1 Dictatorship is no good 1 Gov’t by the people for the people 1 Leadership 1 Independence of Iraq 1 Unified decisions/opinion * To educate people * To solve problems * Other 3 No opinion 13 Why religious leaders: Iraq is an Islamic country 36 Best system 11 Equality and justice 8 People trust them 5 Peace and security 2 To solve problems 2 They know best 2 A better life 2 We want/need them 1 To take control of Iraq 1 Other 2 No opinion 30 21a. There can be differences between the way government is set up in a country, called political system. From the three options I am going to read to you, which one do you think would be best for Iraq now? 11/22/05 2/28/04 Strong leader: a government headed by one man for life 26 28 Islamic state: where politicians rule according to religious principles 14 21 Democracy: a government with a chance for the leader(s) to be replaced from time to time 57 49 No opinion 3 4

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21b. And which one of these systems will be best for Iraq in five years time? 11/22/05 Strong leader: a government headed by one man for life 18 Islamic state: where politicians rule according to religious principles 12 Democracy: a government with a chance for the leader(s) to be replaced from time to time 64 No opinion 7 22. How much confidence do you have that the elections planned for December 2005 will create a stable Iraqi government? Is it a great deal of confidence, quite a lot of confidence, not very much confidence or none at all? -------Confident-------- ----Not confident---- No NET Great deal A lot NET Not much None opin. 11/22/05 76 42 34 19 14 5 5 23. How interested would you say you are in politics? -----Interested---- ------Not interested----- No NET Very Somewhat NET Not very Not at all opin. 11/22/05 69 29 40 28 18 10 3 2/28/04 54 17 36 41 22 20 5 11/15/03 39 14 25 57 24 33 4 24. Now I would like you to look at this card. I am going to read out some different forms of political action that people can take, and I would like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have actually done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never, under any circumstances, do it. 11/22/05 – Summary Table Have Might Would No done do never do opin. a. Talking with other people about politics 51 26 22 1 b. Voting at elections 60 36 3 1 c. Joining a political party or citizens' action group 14 16 66 4 d. Taking action such as demonstrating 11 20 64 5 Trend: a. Talking with other people about politics Have Might Would No done do never do opin. 11/22/05 51 26 22 1 6/14/04 62 27 9 2 2/28/04 46 15 36 3 11/15/03 37 18 40 5 b. Voting at elections Have Might Would No done do never do opin. 11/22/05 60 36 3 1 6/14/04 17 70 11 2 2/28/04 17 62 18 2

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11/15/03 32 38 26 4 c. Joining a political party or citizens' action group Have Might Would No done do never do opin. 11/22/05 14 16 66 4 6/14/04 5 18 74 4 2/28/04 5 13 75 6 11/15/03 8 14 72 6 d. Taking action such as demonstrating Have Might Would No done do never do opin. 11/22/05 11 20 64 5 6/14/04 4 17 75 5 2/28/04 5 19 70 5 11/15/03 6 23 65 6 25a. As you may know, there are now a variety of political parties in Iraq. Please tell me which one you are planning to vote for in the national election planned for December 2005. Wifaq National Movement 9 Patriotic Union of Kurdistan /PUK 9 Islamic al-Dawa Party 8 Kurdistan Democratic Party /PDK 5 Higher Council of Islamic Revolution 3 Islamic Union Party 2 Iraqi Islamic Party 1 Al-Baath Party 1 Followers of al-Said Mohammed Sadiq al-Sadir 1 Al-Uma party 1 Iraqi Communist Party 1 Iraqi National Dialogue Council 1 National Iraqi Conference Party 1 Al-Fadhela party 1 Kurdistan Alliance 1 Iraqi Democratic National Movement * National Coalition Movement * Islamic Religious Union * Allah Party * Kurdistan Islamic Union (Yagerto) * Iraqi National Unity * National Alliance Movement * The Movement of Free Officers * Ashurian Democratic Party * Ashurian Union * Democratic National Party * Kildan Ashurian Party * Liberal Democratic Party * Socialist al-Nassiry Party * Al-Bajaje Party (Independent Politicians Movement) * Zahmatkeshan * Other 2 I have not decided for a party, but I am planning to vote 37 I am not sure I will vote 7 No answer 9

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25b. And which party/parties would you never vote for? Al-Baath Party 9 Islamic al-Dawa Party 7 Higher Council of Islamic Revolution 5 Iraqi Communist Party 3 Wifaq National Movement 2 Islamic Union Party 2 Kurdistan Democratic Party /PDK 1 Kurdistan Islamic Union (Yagerto) 1 Al-Uma party * Iraqi Islamic Party * National Iraqi Conference Party * Iraqi Democratic National Movement * Constitutional Monarchy Movement * Turkmen Front Party * Patriotic Union of Kurdistan /PUK * Al-Fadhela party * Ashurian Democratic Party * Followers of al-Said Mohammed Sadiq al-Sadir * National Coalition Movement * Iraqi National Dialogue Council * Other 3 There are no parties I would never vote for 37 No answer 29 26. A new constitution was drafted last summer. How familiar are you with this document? -------Familiar------- ----------Not familiar---------- NET Great deal Quite NET A bit Hardly Not at all 11/22/05 55 25 30 45 21 17 7 27. What is your opinion of the new Iraqi constitution? -------- Approve -------- ------- Disapprove ------ No opin./ NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly No answer 11/22/05 70 45 26 19 7 13 11 28. In dealing with the following issues, do you think the new Iraqi constitution does too much, about the right amount, or too little? If you do not know enough about any of the issues I am going to read out, please tell me so. 11/22/05 - Summary Table Too About Too No much right little opin. a. Allowing freedom to practice any religion 54 21 6 20 b. Allowing freedom of speech 51 23 7 19 c. Allowing freedom of the media 50 18 8 24 d. Allowing non-violent gatherings 41 20 12 27 e. Keeping religion and state independent 35 21 13 30 f. Providing the right to a fair trial for everyone 48 17 9 27 g. Establishing Sharia law 40 18 10 32 h. Providing equal rights for all Iraqis (e.g., to work, vote, attend university) 53 16 8 23

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29. Thinking of the current national government of Iraq, how do you feel about the way in which it has carried out its responsibilities? Has it done a very good job, quite a good job, quite a bad job or a very bad job? ------Good------ -------Bad------ No NET Very Quite NET Quite Very opin. 11/22/05 61 22 39 32 17 16 7 30. Who do you think currently controls things in our country; is it the Iraqi government, the United States government, somebody else or no one? Iraqi U.S. Somebody No No government government else one opin. 11/22/05 44 24 17 6 9 31. Since the war, how do you feel about the way in which the United States and other coalition forces have carried out their responsibilities in Iraq? Have they done a very good job, quite a good job, quite a bad job or a very bad job? ------Good------ -------Bad------ No NET Very Quite NET Quite Very opin. 11/22/05 36 10 27 59 19 40 5 32. Do you strongly support, somewhat support, somewhat oppose or strongly oppose the presence of Coalition Forces in Iraq? --------Support-------- ---------Oppose-------- No NET Strongly Somewhat NET Somewhat Strongly opin. 11/22/05 32 13 19 65 21 44 3 2/28/04 39 13 26 51 20 31 10 33. How long do you think U.S. and other coalition forces should remain in Iraq? They should… 11/22/05 Leave now 26 Remain until security is restored 31 Remain until the Iraqi government elected in December is in place 19 Remain until the Iraqi security forces can operate independently 16 Remain longer but leave eventually 3 Never leave 1 No opinion 4 34. How safe do you feel in your neighborhood? Do you feel very safe, not very safe or not safe at all? Very safe Not very safe Not safe at all No opin. 11/22/05 63 30 6 1 6/14/04 40 40 18 3 35. Not all people in Iraq are feeling safe these days. How about you, what takes away from you feeling safe? Please tell me up to three things which make you feel insecure. However, if you feel safe, please tell me so. 11/22/05 – Summary Table

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NET First Second Third Terrorism 54 22 19 12 Crime/ Lack of law enforcement 12 2 4 5 US/coalition presence 10 6 3 2 Lack of security 8 3 2 3 Arrests 7 2 2 2 External threats 3 1 1 1 Police presence 3 * 1 1 Ethno-religious conflict 1 * 1 * Volatile political situation 1 * * 1 No government 1 * * * Guns in society 1 * * * Ministry of Home Affairs 1 * * * Lack of law and order 1 * * * No job * * * * Traffic situation * * * * Poor living standards 1 * * * No trust * * * * Reconstruction/infrastructure * * * * Other 4 1 2 1 I feel safe 51 51 Difficult to say 8 8 No answer 2 2 36. (Ask those who do not feel safe—Q35) In order to avoid trouble, how often if ever have you done any of the following over the past year? Is it very often, quite often, not so often, never? 11/22/05 - Summary Table ---More Often--- ----Less often---- No NET Very Quite NET Not so Never op. a. Avoiding going out of your home 73 39 34 25 14 11 2 b. Not sending your children to school 55 21 34 40 20 19 6 c. Avoiding passing/driving by police stations and other public buildings 74 47 27 23 13 9 3 d. Avoiding markets and other crowded areas 69 40 29 28 18 9 3 e. Avoiding checkpoints 77 52 26 20 10 9 3 f. Avoiding US and other coalition forces 86 67 19 11 6 5 3 g. Avoiding travel 68 38 30 28 19 9 4 h. Being careful about what you say about yourself to others 74 43 31 22 16 6 5 37. Has security in Iraq improved, deteriorated, or remained unchanged since the end of the CPA? Improved Deteriorated Unchanged No opin. 11/22/05 41 31 18 10

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38a. (IF IMPROVED) Who do you think is mainly responsible for this? Who else? NET First Second Police 28 17 11 Current government 22 19 4 Iraqi army 12 5 7 Security forces/national guards 10 6 5 The Iraqis 10 6 3 Kurdish government/leaders/ organizations 8 7 1 Americans/coalition forces 6 3 3 Talabani 5 3 2 Ministry of Home Affairs 3 1 1 Ministry of Defense 3 1 1 Iraqi leaders 2 2 1 Barzani 2 1 1 Terrorists 1 1 * Religious/ethnic groups 1 * * Former regime * * * Al Sistani * * * Baathists * * * Other 6 4 2 No answer 24 24 - 38b. (IF DETERIORATED) Who do you think is mainly responsible for this? Who else? NET First Second Americans/coalition forces 34 22 11 Current government 30 22 9 Terrorists 17 11 6 Police 5 1 4 Ministry of Home Affairs 5 1 4 Iran 4 2 2 Israel 4 1 3 The Iraqis 3 2 1 Security forces/national guards 3 1 2 Iraqi army 2 1 1 Foreigners 2 1 * Baathists 2 * 1 Other Neighbouring countries 2 1 1 Al-Zarqawi 1 0 1 Religious/ethnic groups 1 * 1 Ibrahim Al Jaafari 1 1 0 Saddam Hussein 1 1 * Former regime 1 1 0 Iraqi leaders 1 * * Ministry of Defence 1 * * Kurdish government/leaders/ organisations * 0 * Other 17 7 10 No answer 24 24 - 39. Irrespective of whether regaining public security in the country is one of your priorities, could you please tell me which of the following is the most important to you? Which is second most important? And third most important? Most Second Third Fighting crime such as burglary, muggings, kidnappings, etc. 42 25 18 Stopping the attacks on civilians 32 32 19 Stopping violent behavior of

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ordinary people in settling day to day disputes 5 12 22 Stopping attacks on Coalition Forces 3 7 8 Stopping attacks on the police or new Iraqi army 15 20 29 No opinion 3 3 4 40. Do you think that the security situation will improve, worsen, or remain the same in one year’s time? Improve Worsen Stay same No opin./No ans. 11/22/05 70 12 11 7 41. How important is it to you, personally, to stay informed about news and current events? ------Important------ -------Not important-------- No NET Very Somewhat NET Not very Not at all opin. 11/22/05 85 51 34 14 11 3 1 42. People get information about news and currents events from many different sources. For each one of the sources I mention, please tell me how often you use that source to get news and information about current events: daily or almost daily, several times a week, once a week, less than once a week, or never. 11/22/05 - Summary Table Daily/almost Several Once a Less than No daily times/week week once a week Never op. Television 84 13 1 1 1 * Radio 30 26 12 8 25 * Newspapers 11 12 10 15 51 1 Internet 3 4 2 4 86 1 Family members 62 22 5 5 7 1 Friends 53 25 7 6 9 1 43. Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you have to be very careful in dealing with people? Most people Have to be careful No can be trusted in dealing with people opin. 11/22/05 12 85 3 44. Thinking about the role of women in public life, do you think that women should: Yes No No opin. Vote 99 1 * Be able to stand for mukhtar 38 60 2 Be able to stand for public office such as local council 77 20 3 Be able to stand for public office such as national assembly 80 18 2 Be able to be governor 51 46 4 Be able to be president 46 51 3 Be able to instruct men in their work 78 20 2 Be a medical doctor 99 1 1 Drive a car 84 14 2

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Selected demographics: Monthly income 11/22/05 2/28/04 Up to $50 2 19 $51-100 9 22 $101-150 22 27 $151-200 11 8 $201-300 33 16 $301-500 16 7 $501+ 8 3 Average $263 $164 Household items 11/22/05 2/28/04 Air conditioner 58 44 Animals for work or food production 29 20 Bicycle/tricycle 30 12 Car 55 43 Electric cooker 61 47 Electric fan 94 92 Electric iron 79 68 Farm machinery 22 13 Freezer 59 48 Gas cooker 68 67 Heater 85 94 Motorbike/moped/ motortricycle 11 4 Refrigerator 90 81 Still camera 28 21 Telephone (fixed line) 38 30 Mobile telephone 62 6 Video recorder/VCD/ DVD 33 36 Washing machine 54 44 Other electrical kitchen appliances 51 38 Television 99 na Satellite dish 86 32* Cable connection 11 na Radio 77 na VCR 34 na Computer 17 na Internet access 9 na None * * *11/15/03 Employment 11/22/05 2/28/04 Full-time 14 11 Part-time/casually 2 3 Self-employed 18 21 Unemployed 5 7 Homemaker 38 37 Student 18 17 Unable to work 1 1 Retired 4 3

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Availability of electricity 11/22/05 All day, everyday 5 More than 8 hours daily 41 4-8 hours daily 28 2-4 hours daily 18 1-2 hours daily 5 Only on certain days 2 Never 1 Fuel waiting times 11/22/05 11/22/05 Heating/cooking fuel Car fuel Up to 1 hour 1 1 1-2 hours 13 9 3-6 hours 21 18 7-24 hours 5 3 1-3 days 12 12 4-10 days 6 4 11-30 days 3 * Longer than 1 month 8 0 No waiting time 31 19 Don’t need/don’t drive 1 34 ***END***

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