ABC Book of a New Nation

ABC Book of a New NationBY : JORDAN B. ,MASON, and RYAN

A is for ABRAHAM LINCOLNABRAHAM LINCOLN was a president. He did the Gettysburg Address.

B is for JOHN WILKES BOOTHHe shot ABRAHAM LINCOLN at FORDS Theater.

C is for Civil War

Civil War was one of the bloodiest wars in American history.

D is for Drummer boyWhen the drummer boys werent needed for sounding the calls, they had another job. They were stretcher bearers. They walked around the battlefield looking for the wounded and brought them to medical care.

E is for Enslaved PeopleEnslaved people were mistreated and were treated like property.

F is for Fredrick DouglasFrederick Douglass was the most important black American leader of the 19th century. He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, in Talbot County, on Maryland's Eastern Shore in 1808[sic], the son of a slave woman, and in all likelihood, her white master. Upon his escape from slavery at age 20, Douglass adopted a new surname from the hero of Sir Walter Scott's The Lady of the Lake.Douglass immortalized his formative years as a slave in the first of three autobiographies,Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave,published in 1845. This and two subsequent autobiographies,My Bondage and My Freedom(1855) andThe Life and Times of Frederick Douglass(1881), mark Douglass's greatest contributions to southern culture. Written both as antislavery propaganda and as personal revelation, they are universally regarded as the finest examples of the slave narrative tradition and as classics of American autobiography.

G is for Gettysburg AddressIs one of the greatest speeches in American history.

H is for Harriet Tubman

1819 Birth. Harriet Tubman was born into slavery in 1819 or 1820, in Dorchester County, Maryland. Given the names of her two parents, both held in slavery, she was of purely African ancestry. She was raised under harsh conditions, and subjected to whippings even as a small child. She slept as close to the fire as possible on cold nights and sometimes stuck her toes into the smoldering ashes to avoid frostbite. Cornmeal was her main source of nutrition and occasionally meat of some kind as her family had the privilege to hunt and fish. Most of her early childhood was spent with her grandmother who was too old for slave labor.

I is for IroncladThe Confederates built the first ironclad ship called the CSS Virginia.

J is for Stonewall JacksonThomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson was a Confederate lieutenant general in the Civil War. He won his nickname at the Battle of First Bull Run (First Manassas), but it was his actions at Harpers Ferry in 1861, his 1862 Shenandoah Valley Campaign, and the flanking maneuver at the Battle of Chancellorsville that made him a military legend. Only General Robert E. Lee occupies a higher place in the Confederate pantheon, and prior to the Seven Days Battles, Jackson was a greater hero to the South than Lee was. A devout Christian who believed in predestination, he saw himself as an instrument of Gods will, an Old Testamentstyle commander of armies in the service of his Lord. He was mortally wounded by his own men during the Battle of Chancellorsville, and many people have speculated that if he had been alive to participate in Lees Pennsylvania Campaign the Battle of Gettysburg would have resulted in Confederate victory.

K is for Ku Klux KlanTheKu Klux Klanwas founded in 1866 by ex-Confederate soldiers and other Southerners opposed toReconstructionafter theCivil War. In the waning years of Reconstruction the Klan disbanded. Nearly 50 years later, in 1915, "Colonel" William Joseph Simmons, revived the Klan after seeing D. W. Griffith's filmBirth of A Nation,which portrayed the Klansmen as great heroes. Simmons made his living by selling memberships in fraternal organizations such as the Woodmen of the World, and looked to the Klan as a new source of membership sales. In his first official act, he climbed to the top of a local mountain and set a cross on fire to mark the rebirth of the Klan.

L is for Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee (1807-70) served as a military officer in the U.S. Army, a West Point commandant and the legendary general of the Confederate Army during the American Civil War (1861-65). In June 1861, Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia, which he would lead for the rest of the war. Lee and his army achieved great success during the Peninsula Campaign and at Second Bull Run (Manassas) and Fredericksburg, with his greatest victory coming in the bloody Battle of Chancellorsville. In the spring of 1863, Lee invaded the North, only to be defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg. With Confederate defeat a near certainty, Lee continued on, battling Union General Ulysses S. Grant in a series of clashes in Virginia in 1864-65 before finally surrendering what was left of his army in April 1865. Lee has been praised by many for his tactical brilliance, and remains a revered figure in the American South.

M is for MaliceThe desire to harm people.

N is for Nation The concept of "nation" is related to "ethnic community" orethnie. An ethnic community shares a common myth of origins and descent, a common history, elements of distinctive culture, a common territorial association, and sense of group solidarity. A nation is, by comparison, much more impersonal, abstract, and overtly political than an ethnic group. It is a cultural-political community that has become conscious of its coherence, unity, and particular interests.[1]In these terms, a nation has been defined as an "imagined community"[2]or "abstract community",[3]which is at the same time objectively impersonal, and experiences itself subjectively as an embodied unity.[4]Hence the phrase, "nation of strangers".

O is for Compromise Of 1850TheCompromise of 1850was a package of five separate bills passed in theUnited Statesin September 1850, which defused a four-year confrontation between theslave statesof theSouthand thefree statesof the North regarding the status of territories acquired during theMexican-American War(18461848). The compromise, drafted byWhigSenatorHenry Clayof Kentucky and brokered by Clay and DemocratStephen Douglas, avoidedsecessionor civil war and reduced sectional conflict for four years.

P is for Anaconda Plan TheAnaconda PlanorScott's Great Snakeis the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in theAmerican Civil War. Proposed by General-in-ChiefWinfield Scott, the plan emphasized theblockadeof the Southern ports, and called for an advance down theMississippi Riverto cut theSouthin two. Because the blockade would be rather passive, it was widely derided by the vociferous faction who wanted a more vigorous prosecution of the war, and who likened it to the coils of ananacondasuffocating its victim. The snake image caught on, giving the proposal its popular name.TheAnaconda PlanorScott's Great Snakeis the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in theAmerican Civil War. Proposed by G.

Q is for Quaker guns Large logs painted to look like cannons; used to fool the enemy into thinking a position was stronger than it really was.

R is for Ransackgo hurriedly through (a place) stealing things and causing damage.

S is for The Battle ShilohOn the morning of April 6, 1862, 40,000 Confederate soldiers under the command of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston poured out of the nearby woods and struck a line of Union soldiers occupying ground near Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. The overpowering Confederate offensive drove the unprepared Federal forces from their camps and threatened to overwhelm Ulysses S. Grants entire command. Some Federals made determined stands and by afternoon, they had established a battle line at the sunken road, known as the Hornet's Nest. Repeated Rebel attacks failed to carry the Hornet's Nest, but massed artillery helped to turn the tide as Confederates surrounded the Union troops and captured, killed, or wounded most. During the first days attacks, Gen. Johnston was mortally wounded and was replaced by P.G.T. Beauregard. Fighting continued until after dark, but the Federals held. By the next morning, the reinforced Federal army numbered about 40,000, outnumbering Beauregards army of less than 30,000. Grants April 7th counteroffensive overpowered the weakened Confederate forces and Beauregards army retired from the field. The two day battle at Shiloh produced more than 23,000 casualties and was the bloodiest battle in American history at its time.

T is for TechnologyThebattle of Gettysburgis famous for its role as the turning point of the Civil War that had seemed to favor the South up to that point and for being the battle with the most casualties of the war. Part of the reason for incredible casualty rate some 46,000 to 51,000 in a battle that included roughly 165,000 was that field medicine and medical practices at the time had not advanced nearly as quickly as the technologies of war had.

U is for UnionAfterFort Sumterwas fired on, PresidentAbraham Lincolncalled for 75,000 ninety-day volunteers to suppress the Southern rebellion. From beginning to end, state units made up the vast majority of the army. To distinguish these amateurs from the professionals of the regular army, soldiers in the regular army wore uniforms of dark blue coat and pants; volunteers wore dark blue coats but light blue pants.

V is for The Battle of VicksburgTheSiege of Vicksburg(May 18 July 4, 1863) was the final major military action in theVicksburg Campaign of theAmerican Civil War. In a series of maneuvers,UnionMaj. Gen.Ulysses S. Grantand hisArmy of the Tennesseecrossed the Mississippi River and drove theConfederateArmy of Vicksburg led byLt. Gen.John C. Pembertoninto the defensive lines surrounding the fortress city ofVicksburg, Mississippi.When two major assaults (May 19 and 22, 1863) against the Confederate fortifications were repulsed with heavy casualties, Grant decided to besiege the city beginning on May 25. With no reinforcement, supplies nearly gone, and after holding out for more than forty days, the garrison finally surrendered on July 4. This action (combined with the surrender ofPort Hudsonto Maj. Gen.Nathaniel P. Bankson July 9) yielded command of theMississippi Riverto the Union forces, who would hold it for the rest of the conflict.

W is for Total War A war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.

X is for XanthorrhizaXanthorrhiza was a medicine taken from a root. It was patented during the Civil War. It was used as a toniclikecalumbaor quassia; in infusion, decoction, tincture and was used to treat wounds and infections soldiers got during battle.

Y is for Yankees. Its various senses depend on the scope of context. Most broadly:Outside the United States, "Yank" is used informally to refer to any American, including Southerners.[1]Within the United States, it usually refers to people from the north, largely those who fought for the regions in the Union side of theAmerican Civil War, but also those withNew Englandcultural ties, such as descendants fromcolonial New Englandsettlers, wherever they live.[2]Its sense is more cultural than literally geographic. The speech dialect of New England is called "Yankee" or "Yankee dialect."[3]WithinSouthern American English, "Yankee" refers toNortherners.WithinNew England, "Yankee" refers to descendants of early English settlers in contraThe term "Yankee" and its contracted form "Yank" have several interrelated meanings, all referring to people from the United Statesst to people of other ethnic origins.The informalBritish English"Yank" is especially popular among Britons and Australians and sometimes carries pejorative overtones.[4]The Southern American English "Yankee" is typically uncontracted and at least mildly pejorative, although less vehemently so as time passes from theAmerican Civil War.

Z is for Felix Zollicoffer An early, high-ranking casualty of the Civil War, Felix Zollicoffer was a publisher, editor, and Whig (later a Know-Nothing) representative to the U. S. Congress who was viewed by some as pro-Union. After attending Jackson College in Tennessee, Zollicoffer held various jobs at newspapers until the start of the Second Seminole War in 1836. He supported Whig candidate Winfield Scottin his run for President in theElection of 1852.