ABA Motivation / Reinforcement & Punishment Alison Mummert 2012 PHCS.
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Transcript of ABA Motivation / Reinforcement & Punishment Alison Mummert 2012 PHCS.
Goal:• Recognize how the environment
plays a role in behavior.
• Understand how antecedent and consequences function to alter frequency of behavior. (MO, SR+, Punishment)
• Understand how behavioral principles can be applied to make changes in student’s behavior.
Behaviorism: Study of observable/measurable
behavior.
Behavioral terms are
observable / measurable
NOT Behavioral terms: He shut down… He had a meltdown… He was upset…. He felt overwhelmed… I know he can do it!
Observable/Measurable: When told to get the ball. He ran into the school and threw himself on the floor crying, kicking staff 4 times… He was tapping his pencil and rubbing his head. I observed him demonstrate the skill.
Behavior- Observable/Measurable
movement of a person
Analyze bx to determine it’s function.
Escape/Attention/Automatic Reinforcement
Analyze bx we want to increase or decrease…
Behavior is o________ & m__________
ABC Analysis A- Antecedent – Anything in the environment before a particular behavior.
C- Consequence – Anything in the environment after a particular behavior.
A- _______________- anything in the environment b_________ the behavior.
B- ______________ - observable/measurable
C- ______________ - anything in the environment
a_____ the behavior.
Operant Analysis
The Operant Analysis
Antecedent Behavior Consequence
Student finishes page Put up flag Told to score
See a red light Push the break Car stops
See a Pepsi can Reach for a can of soda Open can
Review…
• Behavior is the o____________ and m______________ movement of a person.
• Antecedent condition includes anything in the environment b____________ a behavior.
• Consequence condition includes anything in the environment a__________ a behavior.
The Operant Analysis
Antecedent Behavior Consequence
Motivative Operation
Response(Dimensions:
topography; temporal; magnitude; location)
Reinforcement(Positive and Negative)(Socially mediated and
automatic)
Stimulus (Discriminative, Neutral,
Delta)No Response
Punishment(Socially mediated and
automatic)
Prompts (a procedural use of discriminative stimuli)
Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous, variable, fixed, extinction
What is Motivation? What Motivates You to Teach?
• Teacher- Extrinsic Motivation: Paycheck, Schedule, Coworkers…
• Teacher- Intrinsic Motivation: The feeling of achievement when a student grasps a skill. The good feeling knowing you are doing a good job.
What Motivates Students to work/enjoy learning?
• Students- Extrinsic Motivation: friends, teachers, favorite subject, 100%, recess, value of a good education.
• Students- Intrinsic Motivation: feeling successful when finishing goals, The sense of achievement when grasped a concept/finished goals.
• Is Intrinsic Motivation… really inside you??
Motivative Operations
Motivation is an Antecedent that alters the value of a reinforcer.
Motivation __________ the _________ of reinforcers.
Motivation !Motivation lies in the Environment
Affected by: Satiation/Deprivation Ex. Coffee
and Environmental changes Ex. Bring out bag of chips
Motivation affects the value of reinforcers!
Motivation is in the ___________ and is affected by
S___________/D_____________ and other E___________ changes
Analysis
Antecedent Behavior Consequence
Motivative Operations Response:
Given stickers every day.Satiation
Decrease the value of stickersLess likely to engage in targeted
behavior
Stickers have not been used for awhile.
(Deprivation)Increase the value of
stickers
More likely to engage in targetedbehavior
New sticker worn on the Teachers sweater.
(Manipulate environment)Increase the value of
stickers
More likely to engage in targetedbehavior
Reinforcement
Reinforcement: Consequence that increases the probability of a particular behavior occurring again under similar circumstances.
Reinforcement does what to behavior?______________
Reinforcement Positive Reinforcement- Something added Ex. Candy/token/praise
Negative Reinforcement- Something removed Ex. Timeout(demand removed)
Reinforcement increases a particular behavior.
Anything that increases a particular behavior is R_____________
Something added after a particular bx that causes that bx to increase is P________ ____________.
Something removed after a particular bx that causes that bx to increase is N___________ _____________.
The Operant Analysis
Antecedent Behavior Consequence
Response:
Reinforcement
MO/ Prompt / SD Finishes 2 Paces before first break
merit/ sticker / token / verbal praise
MO / Prompt / SD Raise handPraise/ token/candy
(Increases the probability of bx occurring again )
Reinforcement: Increases the probability of bx occurring again! Reinforce behaviors that you want to see increase
Value of reinforcement The student will engage in behavior that is associated with a stronger motivative operation. Be sure to establish motivation!
Effort (needed to respond) The student will engage in behavior that involves less effort. Make responding easy: use errorless procedures!
Rate of Reinforcement The student will engage in behavior that most consistently obtains reinforcement. Reinforce on an appropriate variable ratio schedule!
Magnitude of Reinforcement The student will engage in behavior that obtains the greatest degree (quality and/or quantity) of reinforcement. Provide more reinforcement for better responding!
Immediacy of Reinforcement The student will engage behavior that produces reinforcement quickly. Reinforce best responding immediately!
Variable Rate of Reinforcement
-Each student is different (rate of reinforcement needed.)
- Variable Rate is proven to keep behavior the strongest… Because its unpredictable.
This may be the time I get reinforced… so I’m going to do a good job! This is why people play the lottery!
If they can predict reinforcement and they know it’s not going to come… they are not going to give a strong response.
Punishment
Something added or taken away after a particular behavior, that decreases the probability of that behavior occurring again under similar circumstances in the future.
Consequence that decreases a particular
behavior is-_______________
The Operant Analysis : Function
Antecedent Behavior
Sitting a desk coloring a picture Escape demand
Sitting in church asks to go to the bathroom Escape demand
Teacher working with other student/ ind.
making noise Attention
Told to sweep floor refuses or I want to first…please, please…
Escape Demand
Circle Time / made to sit
loud noises… hit studentEscape… (Sent to time
out!!!)
Toddler sitting in church
cry….Mand/Escape
(Given candy!!)
http://www.pattan.net/Videos/Browse/Single/?code_name=teaching_procedures_assembly
http://www.pattan.net/Videos/Browse/Single/?code_name=overview_assembly
www.PaTTAN.net -- Videos
•PaTTAN Autism Initiative Applied Behavior Analysis Support: Introduction to Teaching Procedures
•PaTTAN Autism Initiative Applied Behavior Analysis Support: Overview Assembly