Aalborg Universitet

Indoor air pollution caused by wood-burning in Brazilian and Danish dwellings

Luis Teles de Carvalho, Ricardo; Jensen, Ole Michael; da Cruz Tarelho, Luís António ; Cabralda Silva, AdeildoPublished in:Environment and Health Perspectives

Publication date:2013

Document VersionAccepted author manuscript, peer reviewed version

Link to publication from Aalborg University

Citation for published version (APA):Luis Teles de Carvalho, R., Jensen, O. M., da Cruz Tarelho, L. A., & Cabral da Silva, A. (2013). Indoor airpollution caused by wood-burning in Brazilian and Danish dwellings. Environment and Health Perspectives.http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/ehbasel13/o-1-39-02/

General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.

? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ?

Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at vbn@aub.aau.dk providing details, and we will remove access tothe work immediately and investigate your claim.

Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: August 28, 2021

INDOOR AIR POLLUTION CAUSED BY WOOD-

BURNING IN BRAZILIAN AND DANISH HOUSEHOLDS

E N V I R O N M E N T A N D H E A LT H , B R I D G I N G S O U T H , N O R T H , E A S T & W E S T

B A S E L , S W I T Z E R L A N D , A U G U S T 2 0 1 3

R I C A R D O L . T. C A R VA L H O , O L E M . J E N S E N ,

L U Í S A . C . TA R E L H O , A D E I L D O C . S I LVA

R L C @ S B I . A A U . D K

Domestic wood combustion worldwide

low-cost stoves in low carbon dwellings

2 Ricardo L. T. Carvalho

Biomass burning can be carbon neutral when performed under

optimal lightning and operating conditions

Many different practices by more than 3 billion people worldwide

representing one of the major causes of respiratory diseases such as

asma and alergies with more than 4 million permature deaths each year,

in both developing and developing countries (UNDP, 2011)

Human health

Epidemological studies

Associated to human exposure

to air pollutants

Sustainability of the globe

• Desforestation

• Energy consumption

• Air pollution

Inefficient residential biomass combustion

Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 3 A i r P o l l u t i o n & C l i m a t e S e c r e t a r i a t , 2 0 1 3

Indoor a i r

po l lu t i on

Defores ta t ion

A i r po l lu t ion

Overheat ing

Resp i ra tory d i seases such

pneumonia by inha la t ion o f f i ne

par t i c les and carbon monox ide as

we l l as h igh indoor tempera tures

Appropriate domestic biomass use: What is the potential for the mitigation of GHG emissions?

Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 4 D a n i s h B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e , 2 0 1 2

C o n t r i b u t i o n f o r a c o zy

a t m o s p h e r e i n l o w e n e r g y h o u s e s

S o p h i s t i c a t e d

d e s i g n Z e r o c a r b o n e m i s s i o n s

L o w c o s t

m o d e r n f u e l s L o w t e c h R e s i l i e n t u s e o f

r e s i d u a l b i o m a s s

W h a t i s t h e p o t e n t i a l / m a g n i t u d e o f t h e m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s b y i m p l e m e n t i n g c e r t a i n

p r a c t i c e s i n c l u d i n g t e c h n o l o g i c a l i n n o v a t i o n s a n d m o d e r n f u e l s i n b i o m a s s s t o v e s ?

Indoor wood smoke in developing regions

• Latin America, África and Asia are

among the developing regions where

domestic wood combustion is very

popular (3 billion people worldwide)

• In Brazil around 27,2% of the residential energy

consumption is associated to the use of wood

logs for cooking/heating (cold regions) (BEN,

2013)

• Ineficient domestion biomass burning practices

causes overheating and indoor contamination by

unburned gases associated to the uncompleted

wood combustion in rural housing of northeast

Brazil

Ricardo L. T. Carvalho 5

New efficient combustion chambers have been being developed worldwide in order to

optimize the complete biomass combustion towards the reduction of black carbon emissions

indoors and outdoors

Wood heating as a resilient practice towards a

cozy atmosphere?

6 Ricardo L. T. Carvalho

Large-scale wood-burning stove program in

CE-Brasil/Latin America

Ricardo L.T. Carvalho I n s t i t u t o d o D e s e n v o l v i m e n t o S u s t e n t á v e l e E n e r g i a s R e n o v á v e i s , 2 0 1 2

Indoor climate in rural households (Brazil)

…when using an improved efficient mass stove?

SBi – 14.07.2013 Ricardo L. T.

Carvalho 8

28

33

38

43

48

53

58

Tim

e (

min

.)

00

:08

00

:12

00

:16

00

:20

00

:24

00

:28

00

:32

00

:36

00

:40

00

:44

00

:48

00

:52

00

:56

01

:00

Ind

oo

r re

lati

ve

hu

mid

ity (

%)

/ B

R

House A

House B

House D

House E

28

30

32

34

36

38

Tim

e (

min

.)

00

:08

00

:12

00

:16

00

:20

00

:24

00

:28

00

:32

00

:36

00

:40

00

:44

00

:48

00

:52

00

:56

01

:00

Ind

oo

r te

mp

era

ture

(oC

) /

BR

House A

House B

House D

House E

Mean outdoor temperature 33-35 oC and RH 40-51%

Fine particles in rural households (Brazil) kitchens of developing regions in northeast Brazil

• House B with a lower ventilation rate

in a closed kitchen with no wind brise

reaveled an higher indoor

concentration of fine particles

• The stove chaminey exhaust at the

house A presented was not working

properly due to lacks of cleaning,

inadequate installations and the stove

walls were leaking the flue gas due to

breaks on the brick walls caused by

very high temperatures in the brick

walls

• Soft wood promotes indoor smoke

and a short-term combustion

SBi – 14.07.2013 Ricardo L. T.

Carvalho 9

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

00

:01

00

:06

00

:11

00

:16

00

:21

00

:26

00

:31

00

:36

00

:41

00

:46

00

:51

00

:56

01

:01

01

:06

01

:11

01

:16

01

:21

Co

nc

en

tra

tio

n o

f P

M2.5

(µ

g m

-3)

/ B

R

House A

House B

House C

House D

House E

time (min.)

Ignition

Field studies in single-family households in CPH

(Denmark)

1 0 SBi – 14.07.2013 Ricardo L. T.

Carvalho

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Espergærde Hillerød Ringsted Virum Værløse Esrum 1 Esrum 2

Mw

h

Hot water consumption

Space heating

Central heating

Wood burning

R . L . T. C a r v a l h o , 2 0 1 3

1 1 Ricardo L. T. Carvalho

0 %RH

20 %RH

40 %RH

60 %RH

80 %RH

100 %RH

0 °C

5 °C

10 °C

15 °C

20 °C

25 °C

30 °C

01

.02.1

0

02

.02.1

0

03

.02.1

0

04

.02.1

0

05

.02.1

0

06

.02.1

0

07

.02.1

0

08

.02.1

0

09

.02.1

0

10

.02.1

0

11

.02.1

0

12

.02.1

0

13

.02.1

0

14

.02.1

0

15

.02.1

0

16

.02.1

0

17

.02.1

0

18

.02.1

0

19

.02.1

0

20

.02.1

0

21

.02.1

0

22

.02.1

0

Indoor temperature (oC)

Relative humidity (%)

Indoor climate in a low energy house (Denmark)

…using a certified wood cast-iron stove…

1 2 Ricardo L. T. Carvalho

0 %RH

20 %RH

40 %RH

60 %RH

80 %RH

100 %RH

0 °C

5 °C

10 °C

15 °C

20 °C

25 °C

30 °C

26

.01.1

0

27

.01.1

0

28

.01.1

0

29

.01.1

0

30

.01.1

0

31

.01.1

0

01

.02.1

0

02

.02.1

0

03

.02.1

0

04

.02.1

0

05

.02.1

0

06

.02.1

0

07

.02.1

0

08

.02.1

0

09

.02.1

0

Indoor climate in a Danish single family house (class B)

…using a wood mansory stove…

Inhalable particles in low energy households

(Denmark)

• House B and C with a lower

ventilation rate and higher air-tighness

using Swan labelled cast-iron stoves,

respectively, reaveled indoor

concentrations of PM10 over 150 µg

m -3 during periods larger than 1 hour

(air-exchange rate 33-58 m3h-1)

• Hard wood promotes a long-term

combustion for more than 1 hour/cycle

• Even the expert in lightning was not

able to mitigate high emission of

inhalable particles in class A single-

family houses

SBi – 14.07.2013 Ricardo L. T.

Carvalho 13

Ignition

0,00

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

00

:00

00

:14

00

:28

00

:42

00

:56

01

:10

01

:24

01

:38

01

:52

02

:06

02

:20

02

:34

02

:48

03

:02

Co

ncen

trati

on

of

PM

10 (

µg

m-3

) / D

K

House A

House B

House C

House D

House E

Outdoor B

Outdoor D

Conclusions

findings

worldwide

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

QUESTIONS?

R L C @ S B I . A A U . D K

L O W C A R B O N R E T R O F F I T I N G . W O R D P R E S S . C O M