AAI as a tool for the evaluation of Action Plan of Madrid Age … · 2018. 10. 9. · Novaldos,...

SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON THE ACTIVE AGEING INDEX. September 2018

Serrano Garijo, PilarBermejo Aguña, Antonio; Díaz Olalla, José

Manuel; Laguna Álvarez, Joaquín; Molina Díaz, Esperanza; Martín Díez, Mª Carmen; Blasco Novaldos, Gema; Castillo Sánchez, Mª Luisa;

Denche Morón, Concepción; Molina Gonzalo, Eva María.

Madrid City Council.

AAI as a tool for the evaluation of Action Plan of Madrid Age-Friendly City


Main features of Madrid

Population over 55 is 1.030.955 (32% of citizens)

Life expectancy: 84.93• Women: 87.29• Men: 82.03

3.221.824 inhabitants


Focus groups, 47 in total, with citizen

participation groups, including District

Councils and Sector Councils; long-lived

people; informal carers of the older people;

associations made up of older people and

associations with social aims devoted to

older people; technical personnel, specialists

in the areas of health, transport, security and

emergencies, art and culture, infrastructures,

architecture and urban design, local

business and other services of interest to

citizens in general and older people in

particular.

In-depth interviews, 30 in total.

Telephone opinion polls, 3.900 in total, aimed at

individuals over sixty-five years of age, with perception

indicators to evaluate the various aspects of the city

via scales ranked 0 to 10.


• 3 lines

• 8 areas

• 73 actions

• 149 actuations

• 273 indicators

• 903.906.922 euros

Action Plan 2017-2019


1-Rethinking the governance model

in an ageing city

Area 1: Facilitating the involvement of ageing citizens in the city's decision-making process

Area 2: Promoting the empowerment of ageing citizens so they can exercise their independence

Area 3: Promoting a realistic image of ageing citizens among all generations

2-Promoting the autonomy and

independence of ageing citizens by

creating healthy and friendly

environments

Area 1: Promoting environments for life

Area 2: Promoting the continued use of the usual residence or of alternative housing systems

Area 3: Promotion of the prevention of vulnerability and promoting health

3-Advancing in the guarantee of

social collaboration and participation

of ageing citizens as agents of change

and protagonists in the construction

of a welfare society

Area 1: Promoting volunteer work and social participation

Area 2: Favouring intergenerational solidarity


This paper tries to argue that AAI could be a

tool in action plan evaluation:

It is possible to build it.

There are some areas of improvement, in

our opinion.

Action plan development can change the

score.


It is possible to build it


1. Specific secondary data sources from Madrid:

• Municipal Register of Inhabitants 1.1.2017: population register with all

residents in the city.

• Health Survey of the City of Madrid 2017: Simple random sampling

stratified by districts and post-stratification in each district by sex and

age groups (8.845 interviews).

2. Primary data source:

• AAI City of Madrid Survey: Interview with CATI system with 3.011

people over 54 years old; the sample has been made considering a

proportional fixation by age and sex, of resident population in February

2018. The questionnaire has tried to reproduce the original questions of

the sources used in the European AAI.

Some of the sources used are household surveys, such as the LFS, the LCA or

the ICT-H, whose design is oriented to obtain estimates of a higher territorial

area (the Community of Madrid). So, there may be problems with sample

representativeness.

Indicator 4.3. has been obtained from the City Health Survey taking into account

that the GHQ-12 has been applied, so that in this indicator, the comparability

with that elaborated in the AAI of the European Union may be relative.


Dimension Total Men Women

AAI 2017 37,0 38,6 35,8

1. Employment 30,0 32,9 27,6

2. Participation in society 17,2 17,6 17,0

3. Independent, healthy and secure living

69,2 72,2 67,6

4. Capacity and enabling environment for active ageing

67,8 68,8 67,2



Dimension Indicator Total Men Women

1. Employment

1.1 Employment rate 55-59 68,5 76,4 61,5

1.2 Employment rate 60-64 41,1 42,5 39,9

1.3 Employment rate 65-69 8,6 10,3 7,4

1.4 Employment rate 70-74 1,9 2,6 1,5

2. Participation in

society

2.1 Voluntary activities 4,4 4,3 4,5

2.2 Care to children, grandchildren 27,4 27,2 27,6

2.3 Care to older adults 17,7 17,5 17,9

2.4 Political participation 19,6 22,1 17,9

3. Independent,

healthy and

secure living

3.1 Physical exercise 31,6 37,7 27,6

3.2 No unmet needs of health and dental care 96,3 97,3 95,7

3.3 Independent living arrangements 62,3 63,2 61,8

3.4 Relative median income 93,9 97,3 95,6

3.5 No poverty risk 89,0 93,2 86,2

3.6 No severe material deprivation 99,5 99,1 99,8

3.7 Physical safety 49,8 63,3 40,8

3.8 Lifelong learning 10,5 10,0 10,9

4. Capacity and

enabling

environment for

active ageing

4.1 RLE achievement of 50 years at age 55 64,0 58,0 69,0

4.2 Share of healthy life years in the RLE at age 55 61,8 68,0 57,4

4.3 Mental well-being 83,1 87,4 79,9

4.4 Use of ICT 66,6 74,8 60,7

4.5 Social connectedness 78,4 77,9 78,8

4.6 Educational attainment 48,9 54,3 44,7



32.49

34.80

37.00

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00

Greece

Hungary

Croatia

Poland

Romania

Slovakia

Bulgaria

Slovenia

Lithuania

Portugal

Spain

Italy

Latvia

Cyprus

Malta

EU28

Czech Republic

Austria

Estonia

Luxembourg

Madrid

Belgium

Germany

Ireland

France

United Kingdom

Finland

Denmark

Netherlands

Sweden

Ciudad de

Madrid

2016/2018

España

2016

Europa

2016

TOTAL 37,0 32,5 34,8

1. Employment 30,0 23,1 29,1

2. Participation in society 17,2 16,2 18,0

3. Independent, healthy and secure living 69,2 71,9 71,4

4. Capacity and enabling environment for

active ageing67,8 57,8 55,9


There are some areas of improvement

Age bracket

2.1 Voluntary activities

2.2 Care to children, grandchildren

2.3 Care to older adults

2.4 Political participation

3.1 Physical exercise

3.2 No unmet needs of health and dental care

3.3 Independent living arrangements

3.7 Physical safety

3.8 Lifelong learning

4.3 Mental well-being

4.5 Social connectedness

4.6 Educational attainment

Chamberí 29,21%

Barajas 34,65% (Madrid 31,61%).

physical exercise



social context: loneliness

Age group

Indepen-

dent living

Loneliness feelingWanted to change

living arrangement

n n % n %

55-74 1.290 161 12,48 107 8,29

>=75 799 143 17,90 69 8,64

SECOND INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON THE ACTIVE AGEING INDEX. September 2018Can Action Plan development change the score?

WHO

Paradigm of Active Ageing,

'the process of optimizing

opportunities for health,

participation and security in

order to enhance quality of

life as people age'.

AAI

Active ageing refers to ‘the

situation where people continue to

participate in the formal labour

market as well as engage in other

unpaid productive activities (such

as care provision to family

members and volunteering) and

live healthy, independent and

secure lives as they age’.


Health. When the risk factors (both environmental and

behavioural) for chronic diseases and functional decline

are kept low while the protective factors are kept high,

people will enjoy both a longer quantity and quality of life;

they will remain healthy and able to manage their own lives

as they grow older; fewer older adults will need costly

medical treatment and care services. For those who do

need care, they should have access to the entire range of

health and social services that address the needs and

rights of women and men as they age.

Participation. When labour market, employment,

education, health and social policies and programs support

their full participation in socioeconomic, cultural and

spiritual activities, according to their basic human rights,

capacities, needs and preferences, people will continue to

make a productive contribution to society in both paid and

unpaid activities as they age.

Security. When policies and programs address the

social, financial and physical security needs and rights of

people as they age, older people are ensured of protection,

dignity and care in the event that they are no longer able to

support and protect themselves. Families and communities

are supported in efforts to care for their older members.

Lifelong learning.

Employment: as life expectancy increases

across Europe, pension ages are rising, but many

fear that they will not be able to stay in their current

jobs or to find another job until they can retire on a

decent pension. We must give older workers better

chances in the labour market.

Participation in society: retiring from

one’s job does not mean becoming idle. The

contribution of older people to society as carers for

others, typically their own parents or spouses and

their grandchildren, is often overlooked and so is

their role as volunteers. The European Year seeks

to ensure greater recognition of what older people

bring to society and create more supportive

conditions for them.

Independent living: our health declines

as we grow old, but a lot can be done to cope with

this decline. And quite small changes in our

environment can make a big difference to people

suffering from various health impairments and

disabilities. Active ageing also means empowering

us as we age so that we can remain in charge of

our own lives as long as possible.


Can Action Plan development change the score?

Health.

Participation.

Security.

Lifelong learning

Employment

Participation in society

Independent living

Lifelong learning Lifelong learning

Underrepresented?

Independent, healthy and secure living = 10 (0,01)

Emp + Soc = 35 + 35Participation. It is the most represented

Overrepresented?



0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

Bel

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Bu

lgar

ia

Cze

ch R

epu

blic

Den

mar

k

Ge

rman

y

Esto

nia

Irel

and

Gre

ece

Spai

n

Fran

ce

Cro

atia

Ital

y

Cyp

rus

Latv

ia

Lith

uan

ia

Luxe

mb

ou

rg

Hu

nga

ry

Mal

ta

Ne

the

rlan

ds

Au

stri

a

Po

lan

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Po

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Ro

man

ia

Slo

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ia

Slo

vaki

a

Fin

lan

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Swed

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Un

ited

Kin

gdo

m

employment rate

70-74 65-74

employment rate



Health. When the risk factors (both

environmental and behavioural) for

chronic diseases and functional

decline are kept low while the

protective factors are kept high,

people will enjoy both a longer

quantity and quality of life; they will

remain healthy and able to manage

their own lives as they grow older;

fewer older adults will need costly

medical treatment and care services.

For those who do need care,

they should have access to

the entire range of health and

social services that address

the needs and rights of

women and men as they ageSecurity.

No unmet needs of health and dental care (0,01)

3.1 Physical exercise

3.2 No unmet needs of health and dental care

3.3 Independent living arrangements

3.4 Relative median income

3.5 No poverty risk

3.6 No severe material deprivation

3.7 Physical safety

3.8 Lifelong learning

4.1 RLE achievement of 50 years at age 55

4.2 Share of healthy life years in the RLE at age 55

4.3 Mental well-being

4.4 Use of ICT

4.5 Social connectedness

4.6 Educational attainment

Independent living (10) + environment (20)



Health.

Security. When policies and programs address the social, financial

and physical security needs and rights of people as they age, older

people are ensured of protection, dignity and care in the event that

they are no longer able to support and protect themselves. Families

and communities are supported in efforts to care for their older

members.

There are not items directly related with social protection

Independent living: our health declines as we grow old, but a lot can be done to cope with this decline. And quite small changes in our environment can make a big difference to people suffering from various health impairments and disabilities. Active ageing also means empowering us as we age so that we can remain in charge of our own lives as long as possible



‘Being healthier as a group, they have the potential in our old age to contribute towards not just our own well-being but also

to sustain a rising economic and social prosperity for our nations. These new paradigms of active and healthy ageing

motivate the work of the Active Ageing Index project’.

The weights granted to the different sections, first and second score 35, compared to 10 of the third and 20 of the fourth, put on parallel active aging to productive aging, something that is

not necessarily shared by all.

Silver economy concept. ‘the existing and emerging economic opportunities associated with the growing public and consumer expenditure related to population

ageing and the specific needs of the population over 50’, ‘keeping people longer in the labour market’.



• The framework for the Action Plan 2017-2019 revolves around the Paradigm of Active Ageing, 'the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age', that emphasizes more in other domains.

• The word ‘active’ refers to continuing participation in social, economic, cultural, spiritual and civic affairs, not just the ability to be physically active or to participate in the labour force.

According to this paradigm, older people who retire and those who are ill or live with disabilities can remain

active contributors to their families, peers, communities and nations


Action plan development can change the score.

Domain 1. Employment (Contribution through paid activities) is underrepresented in our action plan because municipality has just a little competence in employment.

Line 1 Area 2: Promoting the empowerment of ageing citizens so they can exercise their independence



Domain 2. Participation in society (Contribution through unpaid activities) is present mainly in lines 1 and 3

1. Rethinking the

governance model

in an ageing city

Area 1: Facilitating the involvement of ageing citizens in the city's decision-making processArea 2: Promoting the empowerment of ageing citizens so they can exercise their independenceArea 3: Promoting a realistic image of ageing citizens among all generations

3. Advancing in the guarantee of social

collaboration and participation of ageing

citizens as agents of change and protagonists

in the construction of a welfare society

Area 1: Promoting volunteer work and social participation

Area 2: Favouring intergenerational solidarity



Support to the volunteer organisations

working with older people of the city.

Create a friendliness movement to which the

various city agents will be incorporated.

Promote the 'Memoria de los barrios'

(Memory of the neighbourhoods)

programme to encourage the participation of

older people.

Encourage the exchange of help among

neighbours.

Incorporate specific actuations for older

people in the city neighbourhoods.

Encourage older people to participate in

neighbourhood life through urban gardens.

Encourage the participation of older people

in the spreading of cultural spaces as a way

of fulfilling and extending their wish to serve

the community.

Promote intergenerational activities in the

Municipal Centers for older people and the

Municipal Day Care Centers.

Promote family breaks for grandparents with

foster minors within the framework of the

intergenerational leisure activity project.

Encourage intergenerational activities in the

districts.

Encourage intergenerational relationships by

having older people accompany the minors to

the educational centres.

Strengthen the relationships between

grandparents and grandchildren around

environmental activities.

Encourage the meeting of older people and the

new generations in cultural and fun spaces that

contribute towards producing appreciation for

art and museums. Contribute to improving the

personal and family relationships between

older people and youngsters.



Domain 3. Independent, healthy and secure living correlates with line 2 (promoting the autonomy and independence of ageing citizens by creating healthy and friendly environments)

Promoting the

autonomy and

independence of ageing

citizens by creating

healthy and friendly

environments

Area 1: Promoting environments for life

Area 2: Promoting the continued use of the usual residence or of alternative housing systems

Area 3: Promotion of the prevention of vulnerability and promoting health


Promote the use and enjoyment of the

public spaces by incorporating elements

that facilitate everyday life.

Installation of accessible street toilets.

Installation of benches on the street.

Installation of accessible fountains.

Improve the mobility and safety

of older people while using

public spaces.

Advance the social and urban

improvement of the

neighbourhoods, focusing on

older people that live in them or

interact with them.

Improve accessibility to public

spaces and buildings to carry

out physical exercise and sport

activities.

Maintain and promote the use

of the Areas for older people

and Basic Sports Circuits.

Encourage age-friendliness in markets and businesses to

facilitate the use of public and private resources.

Facilitate the use of city buses. And user access

Promote accessible and adapted housing buildings, with

enough good quality services, for independence services.

Promote the adapted housing programme for older people

to provide habitability solutions in their own homes.

Improvement of the Municipal Day Care Centre service for

older people in accordance with the Integrated People-

Centred Care model.

Improve the home assistance service for older people,

adapting it to their needs.

Improvements in the remote home help service to detect

fragility and overwork situations of the caregivers.

Support to the caregivers of dependent elderly citizens.


Domain 4. Capacity and enabling environment for active ageing is present in the whole plan.

• It can be difficult to modify AAI introducing our

measures, we know.

• The AAI can only give a broad picture of outcomes.

• It can’t replace other kind of evaluation of individual policies and projects.

Indicators included in each of the actions

Evolution of the perception

Evolution of the life expectancy

Evolution of the active ageing index


However, we value its construction, as well as the joining of Madrid to the network, as an opportunity to sensitize technicians and leaders about the importance of including aging people in their daily work. Both bring

strong encouragement to keep on working with and for the citizens.

An age-friendly city is not only ‘friendly with older citizens’; an age-friendly city is

also friendly with all citizens, regardless of their age, gender, needs or capabilities.


Thank you very much for your attention

[email protected]

AAI as a tool for the evaluation of Action Plan of Madrid Age … · 2018. 10. 9. · Novaldos,...

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