A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet improvements · 2021. 3. 12. · A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet...

A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet improvements

TR010044

Volume 6

6.3 Environmental Statement

Appendix 9.1: Ground Investigation Summary Report

Planning Act 2008

Regulation 5(2)(a)

Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and Procedure) Regulations 2009

26 February 2021

A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet improvements Environmental Statement – Appendix 9.1 Ground Investigation Summary Report

Planning Inspectorate Scheme Ref: TR010044 Application Document Ref: TR010044/APP/6.3

Infrastructure Planning

Planning Act 2008

The Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and

Procedure) Regulations 2009

A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet improvements

Development Consent Order 202[ ]

Appendix 9.1: Ground Investigation Summary Report

Regulation Reference: Regulation 5(2)(a) )

Planning Inspectorate Scheme Reference

TR010044

Application Document Reference TR010044/APP/6.3

Author A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet improvements Project Team, Highways England

Version Date Status of Version

Rev 1 26 February 2021

DCO Application



Table of contents

Chapter

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Description of the Scheme 1

1.3 Overview of Scheme location 2

1.4 Details of the ground investigation 2

1.5 The results of the ground investigation 4

1.6 References 15

Annex A: Drawings 20

Table of Tables

Table 1-1: Summary of Geology .......................................................................................... 5

Table 1-2 Historical land uses within the Geology Study Area (From Envirocheck Report) ........................................................................................................................................... 11

Table 1-3: Contemporary potentially contaminative land uses within the Order Limit ........ 16 Table 1-4: Soil contaminant testing results ........................................................................ 18



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1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction

Due to the limited availability of existing geological and geotechnical data along the Scheme route and the need for a comprehensive ground investigation to inform the design of the Scheme was identified. The purpose of the ground investigation was to provide additional geological, geotechnical and hydrogeological information to facilitate the design and construction of the new road and associated earthworks and structures, including overbridges, underbridges, cuttings, culverts, footbridges and embankments.

Appendix 9.1 provides a summary of the findings of the ground investigation completed on the Scheme between September 2019 and April 2020 and has been informed by the Ground Investigation Report (Ref 1-1) and findings of the Preliminary Sources Study Report (PSSR) (Ref 1-2).

The appendix concentrates on the geological and ground contamination aspects of this reporting.

1.2 Description of the Scheme

The A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet Improvements Scheme (the Scheme) has been developed by Highways England to address problems of congestion, poor journey times and poor resilience against incidents between the existing Black Cat and Caxton Gibbet roundabouts. The Scheme proposes the construction of a new 16 kilometre (10 mile)) dual 2-lane carriageway from the Black Cat roundabout to Caxton Gibbet roundabout, to be known as the A421 (hereafter referred to as the ‘new dual carriageway’) and in addition approximately 3 kilometres (1.8 miles) of tie-in works.

The Scheme includes the following components:

a. A new three-level grade separated junction at Black Cat roundabout, with the A1 at the lower level, the new dual carriageway on the upper level and a roundabout between the two at approximately existing ground level. In addition to slip roads, a new free flowing link between the A421 eastbound carriageway and the A1 northbound carriageway will also be provided.

b. A new grade separated all movements junction will be constructed to the east of the existing Cambridge Road roundabout to provide access to the new dual carriageway and maintain access to the existing A428.

c. At the Caxton Gibbet roundabout, a new grade separated all movements junction will be constructed, incorporating the existing roundabout on the south side of the new dual carriageway and a new roundabout on the north side. The new dual carriageway will then tie-in to the existing A428 dual carriageway to the east of the new Caxton Gibbet junction.



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d. In the vicinity of the new Black Cat junction, direct access onto the A1 from some local side roads and private premises will be closed for safety reasons. A new local road will provide an alternative Scheme route. The existing Roxton Road bridge will be demolished and replaced with a new structure to the west to accommodate the realigned A421.

e. New crossings will be constructed to enable the new dual carriageway to cross the River Great Ouse, East Coast Main Line railway, Barford Road, the B1046/Potton Road, Toseland Road and the existing A428 at Eltisley.

f. The existing A428 between St Neots and Caxton Gibbet will be de-trunked and retained for local traffic and public transport with maintenance responsibility transferred to the local highway authorities.

g. An alternative access will be provided to side roads at Chawston, Wyboston and Eltisley.

h. There will be safer Scheme routes for walkers, cyclists, and horse riders.

A detailed description of the Scheme is set out in Chapter 2, The Scheme of the Environmental Statement [TR010044/APP/6.1].

1.3 Overview of Scheme location

From the existing Black Cat Roundabout to the East Coast Main Line the area is characterised by the low-lying floodplain of the River Great Ouse, which is dissected by drainage ditches and hedgerows, with an elevation of approximately 17m AOD (Metres Above Ordnance Datum), rising to a maximum of around 25m AOD at Barford Road. From the East Coast Main Line railway moving north easterly through undulating open fields the ground level rises to around 50m AOD before dropping to approximately 20m AOD at Hen Brook. At the Cambridge Road junction, the Scheme route is at a level of approximately 35m AOD. Progressing east the land is less undulating and gradually rises to an elevation of around 66m AOD at the Caxton Gibbet junction at the eastern end of the Scheme.

The Scheme route passes through predominantly undulating agricultural land, with embankments along the Scheme route up to 9.5m high and cuttings up to 8m deep. The Scheme route will also include the construction of 55 structures (culverts) over watercourses across the Scheme

1.4 Details of the ground investigation

A review of the existing geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical information for the Scheme route, contained in the Preliminary Sources Study Report (PSSR) (Ref 1-2), identified the shortage of suitable ground conditions information for large sections of the Scheme route. Information was predominantly available from previous shallow investigations at the existing Black Cat and Caxton Gibbet roundabouts. The PSSR (Ref 1-2) identified the need for a full intrusive ground investigation along the Scheme route to enable a detailed geotechnical design to be undertaken.



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The fieldwork comprised of the following activities:

a. 83 no. Boreholes constructed using Cable Percussion rigs to depths between 2.9m and 30.45m.

b. 195 no. Trial pits excavated to depths between 0.8m and 4.3m.

c. 102 no. Windowless sample (WS) boreholes to depths between 1.0m and 10.45m.

d. 76 no. TRL Dynamic Penetrometer test holes to a maximum depth of 2.22m

e. 7 no. packer tests.

f. 3 no. Falling head tests.

g. Groundwater monitoring installations.

h. In-situ testing comprising standard penetration tests, hand penetrometer tests and hand shear vane tests.

i. Sampling and laboratory analysis for geotechnical and geo-environmental purposes.

The exploratory hole logs are included in the Factual Report.

Laboratory testing of representative samples of the materials recovered from the exploratory holes was carried out to enable the determination of characteristic soil parameters for use in the design of the geotechnical elements of the Scheme.

Geotechnical laboratory testing was carried out on representative samples of the soils recovered from the exploratory holes.

Geotechnical laboratory testing comprised the following tests:

a. 521 no. Water Content tests.

b. 345 no. Atterberg Limit Determinations.

c. 155 no. Particle Size Distribution tests by wet sieving.

d. 118 no. Particle Size Distribution tests by hydrometer/pipette.

e. 97 no. Unconsolidated undrained single stage triaxial compression tests.

f. 4 no. Consolidated undrained single stage triaxial compression tests.

g. 15 no. Consolidated undrained multistage triaxial compression tests.

h. 39 no. One-dimensional consolidation tests.

i. 31 no. Compaction Tests using 4.5kg rammer.

j. 4 no. Compaction Tests using vibrating rammer.

k. 27 no. Moisture Condition Value tests.

l. 18 no. Moisture Condition Value / water content relationship tests.

m. 16 no. California Bearing Ratio Tests.



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Chemical laboratory testing for geotechnical purposes was completed and testing comprised of the following:

a. 137 no. pH determinations.

b. 137 no. water-soluble sulphate determinations.

c. 28 no. acid extract sulphate determinations.

d. 32 no. total sulphur determinations.

e. 6 no. organic content determinations.

f. 9 no. Suite B chemical laboratory tests.

In addition to the chemical testing of soil samples for geotechnical purposes, 15 targeted soil samples were analysed for contamination testing. The samples were collected from locations where previous investigations had identified the presence of historical and current, potentially contaminative land uses. The samples were tested for the following suite of determinands:

Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium (Total), Copper, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc, Boron (water soluble), Cyanide (total), Sulphate (acid soluble), Sulphate (water soluble), Nitrate, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (Speciated to TPHCWG, incl. BTEX), Speciated PAH (16), Asbestos Screen, followed by quantification if positive to human health level, Soil organic matter.

A programme of groundwater level and quality monitoring has been established. Monitoring continues to be undertaken following completion of the site works and this is proposed to continue until Development Consent Order (DCO) submission.

1.5 The results of the ground investigation

The ground investigation confirmed the published geological sequence below the Scheme to comprise a variety of superficial deposits overlying the solid geology. The superficial deposits comprise Topsoil, Made Ground, Alluvium, Terrace Deposits and Glacial Till. The solid geology, comprising the Oxford Clay Formation which overlies the Kellaways Sand and Clay (Kellaways Formation) and Cornbrash in the western half of the Scheme and the West Walton/Ampthill Clay Formations which overlies the Kellaways Formation in the eastern half of the Scheme.

A generalised geological succession, as confirmed by the recent ground investigation is summarised below and is presented in Table 1-1.

Superficial Deposits

a. Topsoil

b. Made Ground

c. Alluvium

d. River Terrace Deposits

e. Glacial Till



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Solid Geology

a. Oxford Clay Formation

b. Kellaways Sand

c. Kellaways Clay

d. Cornbrash

Drawings HE551495-ACM-VGT-GEN_Z_Z_ZZ-DR-GE-0001 and 0002 provide geological line sections of the Scheme route, based on the findings of the ground investigation. The drawings are provided in Annex A.

Table 1-1: Summary of Geology

Stratum Depth to base of stratum (mbgl)

Proven thickness (m)

Min Max Avg Min Max Avg

Topsoil 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.3

Made ground 0.2 4.0 1.3 0.2 4.0 1.3

Alluvium 0.7 4.0 2.0 0.4 3.5 1.4

River Terrace Deposits 1.3 15.0 3.8 0.1 14.6 2.7

Glacial Till 0.5 30.5* 6.1* 0.2 30.1* 5.2*

Oxford Clay 2.1 30.5* 11.0* 0.1 30.0* 7.2*

Kellaways Sand 21.6 29.6 24.9 0.1 5.0 2.1

Kellaways Clay 24.9 30.5 27.5 2.0 5.0 3.2

Cornbrash 24.6 29.9* 27.1* 0.05* 0.3* 0.12*

*Full thickness not proven

Superficial deposits

Topsoil

Topsoil was present as the uppermost layer in most of the exploratory holes across the Scheme with a recorded thickness of between 0.1m and 1.0m and an average thickness of 0.3m. It was generally described as soft to firm dark reddish brown sandy gravelly clay, gravelly clayey silt and gravelly clayey sand with frequent roots and rootlets.



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Made ground

Made Ground was present in a number of locations along the Scheme route at the following locations: Roxton Road, the existing Black Cat Roundabout and the A1 to north and south of Black Cat, Barford Road, East Coast Main Line Railway crossing, Potton Road, Toseland Road, Eltisley Junction, North East Farm, Pillar Plantation, Eltisley Road Junction and the existing Caxton Gibbet roundabout.

The majority of the Made Ground proved in these locations is cohesive, comprising soft to stiff, brown, greyish and reddish-brown sandy, gravelly clay, and gravelly silt with fragments of brick, flint, chalk, mudstone, ceramic, concrete, wood, plastic and tarmac. The remainder was granular soil, generally comprising loose to medium dense slightly gravelly clayey silty sand and fine to coarse clayey sandy gravel, with fragments of brick, concrete and tarmac. The general thickness of Made Ground varies between 0.2m and 3.9m.

Made Ground was also within Breedon’s Quarry, where it was identified as backfill to the quarry operations, interpreted as reject aggregate. It was proven in ten exploratory holes and generally comprised brown, orange, yellow and grey clayey, silty, gravelly fine to coarse sand, sandy, clayey fine to coarse gravel and very soft to firm sandy, silty, gravelly clay. It varied in thickness between 0.8m and 4.0m.

Alluvium

Alluvium was proven in 18 exploratory holes in the valleys of the River Great Ouse and the Hen Brook. It has been recorded with thicknesses of between 0.4m and 3.5m with an average thickness of 1.4m. It is present as a brown or dark brown sandy slightly gravelly or slightly sandy gravelly clay, generally soft to firm but occasionally very soft or stiff. In four holes (BH202, BH220, WS276 and WS299) a clayey slightly gravelly sand is recorded and in one hole (WS276) a 0.3m thick band of spongy sandy peat with frequent wood fragments is present.

River terrace deposits

River Terrace Deposits were proved in 72 exploratory holes at the western end of the Scheme, with a recorded thickness between 0.1m and 14.6m and an average of 2.7m. As the base of the River Terraces Deposits was not proved in a number of the exploratory holes, particularly the trial pits, it is likely that the average thickness is greater than this.

The majority of the River Terrace Deposits are granular in nature, comprising either loose to medium dense, brown and orangish brown, clayey, gravelly sand or medium dense to dense sandy or very sandy flint gravel, commonly with a low flint cobble content. The gravel within the sand layers was predominantly flint and chalk, with occasional mudstone and sandstone.

The remaining part of the River Terrace Deposits is described as soft to firm, becoming firm to stiff at depth, orangish brown and brown sandy gravelly, often friable, clay. The gravel is of flint and chalk.



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Falling Head Tests were conducted on the River Terrace Deposits in three boreholes to determine the in-situ permeability of the ground conditions around the existing Black Cat Roundabout in accordance with BS 5930 (Ref 1-3). The permeability values varied between 3.0 x 10-5m/sec and 2.4 x 10-3m/sec.

Glacial till

Glacial Till was proved along the full length of the Scheme, beneath the River Terrace Deposits to the west of the River Great Ouse and elsewhere immediately below the Topsoil. It was recorded in 327 exploratory holes, with thicknesses of between 0.1m and 30.1m and an average thickness of 5.2m. As the base of the Glacial Till was not proved in a number of the boreholes, particularly to the east of Cambridge Road roundabout, it is likely that the average thickness is greater than this.

The vast majority of the Glacial Till is cohesive, with just a small fraction of the stratum comprising granular material. The cohesive material was generally recovered as weathered brown or reddish-brown clay in the upper layers, becoming mottled grey, grey and bluish-grey silty clay with depth. It was described as soft and firm in the upper layers, becoming stiff and very stiff with depth, with varying proportions of sand and gravel and occasional silt, cobbles and boulders. The gravel typically comprised flint and chalk with mudstone, sandstone, limestone and chert.

The granular fraction of the stratum was generally brown and yellow medium dense gravelly sand or grey dense sandy gravel.

Two Packer Tests were undertaken in accordance with BS EN ISO 22282 (Ref 1-4) on the Till. These were conducted to determine the in-situ permeability of the ground conditions around the existing Black Cat Roundabout to aid in the design of structures. The permeability values were 1.48 x 10-3m/sec and 5.68 x 10-

3m/sec.

Solid geology

Oxford clay

The Oxford Clay Formation was predominantly proved below the Cambridge Road roundabout and to the west. It was predominantly found beneath the Glacial Till or, where the Glacial Till was not present, at the surface below the topsoil. The Oxford Clay Formation was immediately below River Terrace Deposits in two holes around the existing Black Cat roundabout.

It was found in 108 of the exploratory holes with a thickness typically ranging between 6.0m and 22.4m, although a thickness of 28.83m was proved in a borehole adjacent to the East Coast Main Line. In this borehole, the base of the Oxford Clay was not proved. The formation was generally described as a firm to stiff, becoming very stiff with depth, grey and dark grey sandy clay. It was commonly recorded to be thinly laminated with frequent shell fragments and selenite crystals, with sandy pockets and lenses of gypsum sand. Occasional thin bands of very weak mudstone or siltstone have been recorded.



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Five Packer Tests were undertaken in accordance with BS EN ISO 22282 (Ref 1-4) on the Oxford Clay. These were conducted to determine the in-situ permeability of the ground conditions around the existing Black Cat roundabout to aid in the design of structures. The permeability values varied between 5.95 x 10-7m/sec and 6.53 x 10-4m/sec.

Kellaways sand

The Kellaways Sand was proved beneath the Oxford Clay in 12 boreholes undertaken around the existing Black Cat Roundabout at depths between 20m bgl and 25.5m bgl. The stratum was found to be between 0.1m and 5.0m thick, with an average thickness of 2.1m and was typically described as a medium dense to very dense greenish-grey silty fine to coarse sand.

Kellaways clay

The Kellaways Clay was proved in nine boreholes around the existing Black Cat Roundabout immediately beneath the Kellaways Sand at depths of between 21.6m bgl and 27.5m bgl. It was found to be between 2.0m and 4.95m thick, with an average thickness of 3.2m and was typically described as very stiff dark grey silty sandy clay, often thinly laminated and with frequent shell fragments.

Cornbrash

Cornbrash was encountered in eight boreholes undertaken around the existing Black Cat Roundabout at depths of between 24.4m bgl and 29.8m bgl. It was mainly found immediately beneath the Kellaways Clay, although in two boreholes it was proved directly below the Kellaways Sand and in one borehole directly below the Oxford Clay. Chiselling only penetrated up to 0.3m of the stratum and the full thickness was not proven in any of the holes. It was typically described as extremely weak to moderately strong grey limestone, occasionally described as being thinly bedded and medium-grained.

Groundwater

Groundwater monitoring was undertaken during the site works and showed the variability of the groundwater along the whole length of the Scheme, including sub-artesian conditions in the Kellaways Sand. Monitoring continues to be undertaken following completion of the site works and this is proposed to continue until at DCO submission.

Groundwater was struck in the majority of the boreholes. The depth of each groundwater strike was recorded by the driller, along with the level of the water after 20 minutes. Water levels were also recorded in the boreholes at the beginning and at the end of each shift. Groundwater strikes in the window sampler boreholes and the trial pits were recorded by the operator and engineer respectively.



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To enable the ongoing monitoring of the groundwater level along the length of the Scheme, standpipe piezometers were installed in forty-eight boreholes and in twenty-two dynamic sample holes. Of the boreholes, eight have a double installation. All piezometers installed in the dynamic sampler holes are single installations.

Contamination assessment

The appraisal of the potential impact of contaminated ground on the Scheme is generally based on the Source-Pathway-Receptor methodology to assess contamination risks. For a site to be designated as contaminated, a plausible linkage between any identified sources and receptors must be identified, i.e. whether Significant Pollution Linkages (SPLs) are present. In considering the potential for contamination to cause a significant effect, the extent and nature of the potential source are assessed, and the pathways/receptors need to be identified. Without an SPL, there is theoretically no risk to the receptors from contamination.

The Scheme primarily traverses undeveloped agricultural land, for which the risk of contamination is considered to be low. Previous work had identified several potential contamination sources along the length and adjacent to the Scheme (See Table 1-2 and Table 1-3), although the following have been considered as the most likely to affect the Scheme route.

a. Fuel Filling Stations at Black Cat and Caxton Gibbet.

b. A428 Eastbound at Caxton Gibbet.

c. Former Fuel Filling Station on A1 northbound.

d. Former landfill at Eltisley.

e. Existing businesses on A1 northbound and southbound.

Contaminant testing was targeted at the locations identified above, considering that these are more likely to be associated with sources of contamination. During the ground investigation, no visual or olfactory evidence was present to indicate potential contamination.

In order to identify whether known or unknown sources along the Scheme route have caused contamination, testing for a range of contaminants, considered to reflect the potential historical and current site usage, was carried out on 15 soil samples recovered during the investigation.

The results (Table 1-4) have been assessed where relevant against the Soil Guideline Values (SGV) (Ref 1-5) and the LQM/CIEH Suitable 4 Use Level (S4UL) for Human Health Risk Assessment (Ref 1-6), in which LQM/CIEH have derived Generic Assessment Criteria (GACs) from the current CLEA Model (Ref 1-7)(2nd Edition, 2009). There is no current recommended SGV for Lead contamination and Category 4 Screening Levels (C4SLs) (Ref 1-8) have been used to assess the Lead results, together with several other common contaminants. The contamination testing was carried out specifically for the purpose of providing a general guidance evaluation for the Scheme. The results



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have been compared against commercial threshold values, given by the above documentation, with the exception of the results determined at WS275, where the results were compared to both commercial and residential SGV values due to its location.

Although Asbestos-Containing Materials (ACM) were neither observed on site nor identified in the samples examined, it is recognised that buildings (especially those constructed before 2000) are a potential source of ACM. Furthermore, any made ground, construction or demolition materials on site may also contain ACM. These matters will be addressed in the demolition/ construction H&S plan prior to any demolition or earthworks.

No significant contamination was identified during the investigation, both through on-site visual inspection and the results of contamination testing of samples obtained during the ground investigation.

Given that all of the maximum values determined fall below the relevant commercial threshold levels (commercial and residential at WS275 due to its location) set out by the various standards outlined, it is considered that no specific measures for the management of contaminated land are required. Based on the findings of the ground investigation, it is considered that the majority of the materials which will be disturbed during the Scheme construction will comprise uncontaminated natural deposits with no potential for contamination.

It should be noted that although the investigation covered a large extent of the Scheme route, it is not practical to investigate the entire Scheme route and there may be pockets of undetected contamination.

Earthworks movements

The Scheme includes a number of major structures requiring substantial earthworks and the movement of large volumes of materials, particularly for the construction of the cuttings and embankments.

Based on the findings of the PSSR and the ground investigation, it is considered that the locations of contaminated land around the Scheme are known and that the presence of contaminated materials does not pose a significant constraint on the Scheme, in particular the excavation of materials. It is considered likely that the majority of the materials for the Scheme will comprise Glacial Till and the Oxford Clay, which pose no contamination risk.

There currently is no evidence for the presence of contaminated land at the locations where excavations for the Scheme are required. However, during excavations, a watching brief will be maintained to confirm the suitability of the excavated materials for re-use in the Scheme. Should there be evidence of visual or olfactory contamination, appropriate measures will be followed to manage contamination. These will be developed and included in the Code of Construction Practice (CoCP).



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Table 1-2 Historical land uses within the Geology Study Area (From Envirocheck Report)

Slice Map Date

Approximate Chainage (m)

Feature

6” County Series Map

Black Cat to Roxton

A 1887 0 Village of Roxton located some 700m from the Black Cat.

1750 - 1850 Gravel pit to south-east of the existing Black Cat roundabout.

1902 1750 - 1850 Gravel pit now not shown

1550 (A1 nth) Brook House, west side of Great North Road (A1).

1927 100 (NB onslip)

Black Cat House present.

400 Several small holdings identified to north of Roxton.

1951 750 Several small holdings identified 500m north of Roxton.

1968 1600 Existing Black Cat roundabout shown

1974 Bedford Road Roundabout

Arm

Black Cat House now filling station.

Unnamed development.

1983 Bedford Road Roundabout

Arm

Unnamed development, now labelled as ‘Nursery’.

1995 Nursery now includes ‘The Bungalow’ and a circular maze feature

1999 Black Cat filling station now Service Area

2006 Black service area now reconfigured to include hotel.

2018 Nursery has become a Garden centre.

B 1883/4 2850 / 3300 / 5500

3 properties: The Barns, Rectory Farm and Top Farm (part) are close to the road corridor.

3850 East Coast Main Line Railway line shown on its current alignment.

C 1884 4550/ 5150 / 5500

3 properties: Hill’s Farm, High Barns and Top Farm (part) are close to the road corridor. At Hill’s Farm, small rectangular area labelled as pond on later map editions

1974 5500 Pond shown adjacent to Top Farm

1999 Pond and issues shown adjacent to Top Farm



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Slice Map Date


Feature

2006 4500 Hill’s Farm pond now absent

D Area outside of interest

E Area outside of interest.

F 1887 6700 / 6700 2 properties: Parker’s Farm (with small pond to the east) and Rectory Farm are close to the road corridor. One unnamed property is just outside of the Envirocheck 500m offset.

1902 A small reservoir (St. Neots UD) is shown to the south-west of Parker’s Farm.

The unnamed property is labelled as Model Farm.

1952 6000 An unnamed development has appeared within the road corridor

1974 Model Farm has disappeared.

6700 The reservoir(s) adjacent to Parker’s Farm, which has also expanded, have been extended and are now covered.

6650 / 6650 / 7000

Several new properties are shown: Bramley Bungalow, Glen Eden and Parker’s Farm Cottages (semi-detached).

6000 The unnamed development is now identified as Eynesbury Fruit Farm.

1983 6000 Eynesbury Fruit Farm is now St Neots Leisure Centre, and part of a golf course is shown to the east.

2006 6700 Parker’s Farm has been substantially extended

6800 Rectory Farm Cottage is shown.

G 1887 9600 A single development is shown; Tithe Farm, with a small dwelling near the start of the track leading to the farm.

1927 10200 2 small properties shown; later maps indicate them to be Wintringham Cottages.

10300 Two archaeological features are indicated to the east: a moat and former chapel.

1958 9000 Cambridge Road shown to be part of A45.

1982 9550 Small dwelling identified as Greyholme.

1993 8600 A428 St Neots Southern Bypass shown as Cambridge Road.



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Slice Map Date


Feature

9450 Junction of Cambridge Road (B1428) with A45(T) is T-junction.

10300 Site of Medieval Village of Wintringham indicated.

1999 – 2000

9450 Junction of Cambridge Road (A45 downgraded to B1428) with A428 now upgraded to a roundabout

H 1887 10300 / 10500

Wintringham Hall and a moat are shown on the south side of the Cambridge Road, Toll Gate Cottage and Wintringham Cottages are on the north side

Roxton to Caxton Gibbet

A 1887 11150 / 11850

Weald and North Farms are labelled on the map. Small dwellings are also shown (11600), identified on later maps as Weald Cottages.

11200 Roman Way crosses the Scheme route.

11300 Archaeological site to south shown just outside of 500m envelope – identified as Medieval Village of Weald on later editions

1902 11450 A new development; Weald House, is shown to the south of Cambridge Road.

2018 11450 Weald House is now renamed Eltisley House

B 1887 12550 / 13100 / 13750

3 properties: Barn Farm, White Hall and High Hayden are shown close to the road corridor

2006 15250 / 17550

Barn Farm and High Hayden are no longer present

13100 White Hall has become an industrial estate

C 1887 15250 / 17550

2 properties: Fairview Farm and Pembroke College Farm are shown close to the Scheme route. The village of Eltisley is immediately south of the Scheme.

1979 A45(T), Cambridge Road upgrade, now bypasses Eltisley.

1982 16000 / 17550

A number of new properties are shown: a cottage called Broadview next to some poultry houses and an unnamed development

2006 17150 The unnamed development has enlarged and is now called North East Farm. There is also a small reservoir just north of the farm

2018 17250 Solar panels are shown to the east of North East Farm.



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Slice Map Date


Feature

D 1887 18300 Ermine Street (Roman road) crosses the Scheme route

17800 / 18950 / 19200

3 properties: Caxton Pastures, Common Farm and Swansley Wood farm are shown. There is also a small building present at the start of the access track to Common Farm.

18400 Caxton Gibbet and the Gibbet Inn identified to the east of Ermine Street (Roman road).

1952 18300 Junction of Ermine Street and Cambridge Road is now a roundabout.

18950 - 19150

A number of new properties have been built on the south side of Cambridge Road

19200 A new property has been built adjacent to the small building present at the start of the access track to Common Farm.

1958 Cambridge Road shown to be part of A45.

1982 18200 A filling station has been built on the north side of the A45

18250 A filling station has been built on Ermine Street, north of Caxton Gibbet.

18400 A hotel has replaced the Gibbet Inn

18950 – 19150

Some of the properties built on the south side of Cambridge Road have been demolished

18850 A small tank is shown in the area mentioned above

2000 A45(T) has now become the A428(T).

18150 A filling station comprising 2 buildings has been constructed on the south of the A428(T).

18250 The filling station on Ermine Street has been replaced by the Papworth Hotel.

Note: Published maps where no significant changes have been noted are not listed



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1.6 References

Ref 1-1 AECOM. A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet Improvements Ground

Investigation Report - HE551495-ACM-VGT-GEN_SW_Z_ZZ-RP-GE-

0004 P02 S3 HAGDMS no. 31712 (2020).

Ref 1-2 AECOM. A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet Improvements Preliminary

Sources Study Report (PSSR) (HE551495-ACM-VGT-A428_SW_Z_XX-

RP-GE-0002: HAGDMS report 30431) (2020).

Ref 1-3 BSI BS 5930:2015+A1)2020 Code of practice for ground investigations

(2015)

https://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030400754

Ref 1-4 ISO ISO 22282-2:2012 Geotechnical investigation and testing –

Geohydraulic testing – Part 2: Water permeability tests in a borehole

using open systems (2012) https://www.iso.org/standard/57723.html

Ref 1-5 Environment Agency Using Soil Guideline Values (2009)

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/upl

oads/attachment_data/file/297676/scho0309bpqm-e-e.pdf

Ref 1-6 Nathanail CP et al The LQM/CIEH S4Uls for Human Health Risk

Assessment (2015) https://www.lqm.co.uk/publications/s4ul/

Ref 1-7 Environment Agency CLEA Software (Version 1.05) Handbook (2009)

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/upl

oads/attachment_data/file/455747/LIT_10167.pdf

Ref 1-8 Contaminated Land : Applications in Real Environments (CL:AIRE)

SP1010 – Development of Category 4 Screening Levels for Assessment

of Land Affected by Contamination (2014)

http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=12352_SP1010Ma

inReport.pdf

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/297676/scho0309bpqm-e-e.pdf

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/297676/scho0309bpqm-e-e.pdf

https://www.lqm.co.uk/publications/s4ul/

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/455747/LIT_10167.pdf

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/455747/LIT_10167.pdf



16

Table 1-3: Contemporary potentially contaminative land uses within the Order Limit

Type Distance from Scheme route corridor (m)

Grid Reference

Black Cat Junction and surrounding

Hope Construction Materials, Site Office, Great North Road, Chawston, Bedford, MK44 3BE - Builders' Merchants – Inactive

0 516061

255323

Hope Construction Materials, A1 North, Black Cat Roundabout, Chawston, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK44 3BE - Sand, Gravel & Other Aggregates – Active

0 516006

255549

Shell Fortune, Great North Road, Chawston, Bedford, MK44 3BE – Petrol Filling Stations – Active

0 516005

255549

Shell Service Station, Great North Road, Chawston, Bedford, MK44 3BE - Petrol Filling Stations – Active

0 516005

255549

The Black Cat Service Station, Great North Road, Chawston, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK44 3BE - Petrol Filling Stations (24 Hour) – Inactive

0 516006

255549

Black Cat Car & Commercial Centre, Great North Road, Chawston,

Bedford, MK44 3BE - Car Dealers (Used) – Inactive

0 516006

255549

Breedon Aggregates, Black Cat Quarry, A1 North, Chawston, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK44 3BE - Quarries – Active

0 516065

255533

Trade Tints, Unit 1 Black Cat Roundabout, Great North Road, Chawston, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK44 3BE - Window Tinting – Active

0 515956

255391

Simon Green Motorsport, 10, Great North Road, Chawston, Bedford, MK44 3BE - Car Manufacturers – Inactive

36 516244

255784

B P Service Station, A595 Northbound, Wyboston, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK44 3AB - Petrol Filling Stations – Active

169 516357

256278

Turbo Machinery Services Ltd, 7, Trinity Close, Roxton, Bedford, MK44 3EF - Turbine Manufacturers – Inactive

209 515264

254748

Netzsch Nemo Pumps Ltd, 8, High Street, Roxton, Bedford, MK44 3EA Pumps - Sales, Servicing & Repairs – Inactive

246 515281

254710

Wyboston Service Station, Great North Road, Wyboston, Bedford, MK44 3AA - Petrol Filling Stations – Inactive

216 516419

256308



17


Grid Reference

B P Service Station, A1 Southbound, Wyboston, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK44 3AA - Petrol Filling Stations – Active

217 516418

256309

Keen Screen Services, Great North Road, Chawston, Bedford, MK44 3BE - Repair and Servicing - Vehicle Repair, Testing and Servicing

0 516047

255498

Saunders Garage, 10 Great North Road, Chawston, Bedford, MK44 3BE - Repair and Servicing - Vehicle Repair, Testing and Servicing

36 516244

255784

Gas Pipeline - FM18 - Huntingdon to Cambridge Comp Tee - Owned by National Grid – 900mm diameter

0 515722

255396

Gas Pipeline - FM18 - Huntingdon to Cambridge Comp Tee - Owned by National Grid – 900mm diameter

0 517642

254928

Gas Pipeline - FM18 - St Neots to Little Barford PS - Owned by National Grid – 450mm diameter

0 517668

256089

East Coast Main Line Railway 0 518173

255425

Tank - PE19 - Industrial Features - Tanks (Generic) 34 522028

259969

Rush Electrical Services, St. Ives Road, Eltisley, St. Neots, Cambridgeshire, PE19 6TW - Electric Motor Sales & Service - Inactive

206 526630

260785

M D C Haulage - Pembroke Farm, St. Neots Road, Caxton, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB3 8PD - Road Haulage Services – Inactive

208 528867

260856

G W Bevan Blacksmiths - 38, St. Neots Road, Eltisley, St. Neots, Cambridgeshire, PE19 6TE - Blacksmiths & Forgemasters – Active

223 526775

259781

Shell Gibbet, St Neots Road, Papworth Everard, Caxton, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB23 3PD - Petrol Filling Stations – Active

0 529549

260608

Shell Service Station, St. Neots Road, Caxton, Cambridge, CB23 3PD - Petrol Filling Stations - Active

0 529550

260609

Shell, St. Neots Road, Caxton, Cambridge, CB23 3PD - Petrol Filling Stations – Inactive

0 529550

260609



18


Grid Reference

Falkner Engineering, Unit 3, Swanley Road, St. Neots Rd, Caxton, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB23 3PD - Garage Services - Inactive

21 529573

260576

Abaquip Ltd, Swansley Wood, Cambridge Road, Caxton, Cambridge, CB23 3PH - Garage Equipment – Active

0 530243

260633

Yim Wah House Ltd - Ermine Street, Caxton, Cambridge, CB23 3PE - Chinese and Oriental Restaurants – Closed

0 529677

260625

McDonald's Restaurant - Unit 1, Ermine Street, Caxton, Cambridge, CB23 3AS - Fast Food and Takeaway Outlets – Open

0 529700

260629

Costa Coffee - Unit 2, Ermine Street, Caxton, Cambridge, CB23 3AS - Cafes, Snack Bars and Tea Rooms – Open

0 529757

260633

Subway - Unit 3, Ermine Street, Caxton, Cambridge, CB23 3AS – Fast Food and Takeaway Outlets – Open

0 529765

260611

Island Inn - Ermine Street South, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, CB23 3PB –Restaurants – Closed

151 529504

261021

Table 1-4: Soil contaminant testing results

Determinant Maximum concentration (mg/kg)

Location

Cyanide (total) <1 All 15 locations tested

Boron (hot water soluble) 3.8 WS255

Arsenic 25 BH211

Cadmium 0.4 WS275

Copper 27 WS257

Mercury <0.3 All 15 locations tested

Nickel 32 WS255, SW257, TP292

Lead 80 WS275

Zinc 130 BH275



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Determinant Maximum concentration (mg/kg)

Location

TPH aliphatic >C5-C6 <0.001 All 15 locations tested



TPH aliphatic >C10-C12 25 TP207

TPH aliphatic >C12-C16 53 TP207

TPH aliphatic >C16-C21 41 BH207

TPH aliphatic >C21-C35 520 BH211

Total TPH aliphatic C-C35 560 BH211

TPH Aromatic >C5-C7 <0.001 All 15 locations tested



TPH Aromatic >C10-C12 25 TP207

TPH Aromatic >C12-C16 50 BH207

TPH Aromatic >C16-C21 <1430 BH207

TPH Aromatic >C21-C35 940 BH207

Total TPH Aromatic C5-C35 1400 BH207

PAH (Total EPS 16) 282 BH207



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Annex A: Drawings

HE551495-ACM-VGT-GEN_Z_Z_ZZ-DR-GE-0001

HE551495-ACM-VGT-GEN_Z_Z_ZZ-DR-GE-0002

A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet improvements · 2021. 3. 12. · A428 Black Cat to Caxton Gibbet...

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