A380 Integrated Modular Avionics

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

A380 Integrated Modular AvionicsThe history, objectives and challenges of the deployment of IMA on A380

ARTIST2 – IMA & ADCN

Presented by

Jean-Bernard ITIERSTP Manager IMAP

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380 ©AI

RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Presentation Topics and Scope

• To explain what IMA is and its background

• To explain how IMA has been deployed on the A380

ADCNModules

• The Future of IMA


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Why IMA?

• Since the A300Increasing number of software controlled systems

– New functionality for performance• Flight management systems• Fuel management systems

– New functionality for improved safety• Flight envelope protection• Ground proximity warning• Traffic collision avoidance

– New functionality for improved maintenance• Aircraft condition monitoring

– New functionality for improved passenger comfort• Cabin environment control


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Why IMA?

• The Indirect ConsequencesEvery system = 1 or more computers / controllersEvery aircraft type = new computersEvery computer =

– Airframer development and management costs• Part number costs• Documentation• More wires• More power• More sources of unreliability• Increased obsolescence risk

– Airline impact• Spares• Tooling• Increased fault finding


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Why IMA? – Traditional LRU

• This implies that quantities of maintenance spares be stored for each fleet at different places.

• During the aircraft life cycle, the cost of modifications, including parts obsolescence mitigation and functional upgrades, becomes even more significant for the airlines.


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Why IMA? – Traditional LRU

• Each computer type is uniquely designed for the system and aircraft

Application software e.g. fuel controlHardware PCBsOperating System

• Manufactured by system supplier

Digital and single wire controlInformation to other computers

• Dedicated wiring for each connection

• 100s km cabling per aircraft


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Number of electronic equipment

80

60

40

20

100

Why IMA?

Functionality(arbitrary log scale)

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

104

103

102

101

Con

cord

e

A30

0B

2000 2005

A38

0

A31

0

A32

0

A33

0

A34

0-6

00

105

A380 with IMA

Historical background for the emergence of IMA


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Why IMA?

• The responseIntegrated Modular Avionics

– Concept– Not a specific set of technologies or components

Integration = – Multiple systems applications executed on the same computer– Data communications integrated onto a high speed multiplexed

networkModularity =

– A set of standard non system specific computers– Computers that can be configured to provide part of their

resources to a particular system application


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is IMA?

• IMA Variations / Proprietary Solutions ?Avionics network

– ARINC 429– ARINC 629– AFDX

Avionics computers– Cabinet of modules, backplane, gateways

• Honeywell AIMS– Cabinet of cards

• Honeywell Primus EPIC– Independent modules as LRUs

• Honeywell VIA


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is IMA?

• Cabinet of modules

• Functionality split between modules:Power Supply Modules, Gateways, Processing, IO

• Inter module communications backplane• ARINC 653 Operating System• Originally ARINC 629• Single supplier …. for everything• Boeing 777


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is IMA?

• Card File

• Semi open architecture – third party hardware• Processing, IO and gateway cards• Proprietary DEOS Operating System• Proprietary backplane • Business and Regional Jets

Embraer, Raytheon, Dornier


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is IMA?

• Independent Modules as “LRU”

• Derivative of AIMS – repackagingProvides processing, IO and PSU in one package


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA?

Since mid 80s the former Airbus partners have done research on IMA for their systems (PACTS, IDEE3, NEVADA, PAMELA, VICTORIA)

– With the objective to merge different system design approaches and different procurement approaches

• Closed loop control systems, data management and processing systems• Safety critical and non safety critical• Software only functions to full multi-domain systems like fuel• Complete design in house, integration of components to fully outsourced

Therefore the IMA solution had to:– Be suitable for different types of systems (I/O needs / Performances /

Safety )– Be suitable for a large number of systems and their suppliers to allow

real competition– Compartmentalised to allow parallel developments to be managed


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

« Federatedarchitectures »

LRU « black box »

display

actuators

sensors

LRUssensors

actuators

Multi-transmitterbus network

display

LRU

A629

CABINET

What is A380 IMA?

Integrated Modular Avionics

MODULEAFDX NETWORK

CONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTIONSCONCEPTS & TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTIONS

CDSR2CDSL2

FCGU1AFCGU1BPRIM1

SEC1SFCC1

ADIRU1

FCGU2AFCGU2BPRIM2

SEC2 SFCC2

ADIRU2

FCGU3AFCGU3BPRIM3

SEC3

IOM 1

IOM 3

FM1

EEC2 AB

EEC4 AB

CDSL1

IOM 2

IOM 4

FM2

EEC1AB

EEC3AB

CDSR1CDSC1

CDSC2 CDSR3CDSL3

FM3 ADIRU3 CMV

CPIOM-C1CPIOM-D1

ACR 1

AESU 1

IOM 5

IOM 7

CPIOM-C2

AESU 2

IOM6

IOM 8

CPIOM-F2

CPIOM-F4

CPIOM-G2

CPIOM-G4

CPIOM-E2

SPDB 4

CPIOM-F1

CPIOM-F3

CPIOM-G1

CPIOM-G3

CPIOM-E1

SPDB 1SPDB 3

ECB

SPDB 7

CIDS1SDS1

CPIOM-A2

CPIOM-A3

CPIOM-B2

CPIOM-B3

SPDB 6

SPDB 8

CPIOM-A1CPIOM-A4

CPIOM-B1

CPIOM-B4

CDAM

CIDS1SDS1

OSCU

DSMS

18+2FT

16+2FT

18+2FT

18+2FT

13+1FT

18+2FTSW-11

SW-1

SW-12

SW-2

SW-19

SW-9

SW-14

SW-4

SW-13

SW-3

SPDB 5 SPDB 2

SEPDC1SEPDC2

SW-15

SW-5

SW-17

SW-7

SW-16

SW-6

SCI

15+2FT

15+2FT


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA? - Airbus Concept

• IMA shared resources are:the avionics communications network: the solution selected is AFDX (Avionics Full Duplex Ethernet), fully compatible with Ethernet network of Open World and based on common switch modulesModules, i.e. Core Processing & Input / Output Modules or CPIOM,Input/ Output Modules or IOM, ,...) for hosting of several applications and signal acquisition/transmission

SWapplicSW

applic

AFDX network

A429,discretes ,analogCPIOM

O/S

IOM

Othersystemsor equipt

Othersystemsor equipt

IOM

28VDC network (Norm / Ess )


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA? Airbus Concept

• The AIRBUS IMA concept is based on “shared Modules”. A module-focused approached has been preferred compared with the previousconcept of “Cabinet”. Its key features are:

ARINC 600 IMA Module packaging connected to AFDX networkRobust partitioning in computing resource & communicationsDeterminism of application execution & data exchanges Standardised Application Programming Interface (API) to avoid obsolescence impacts on applicationsConventional equipment’s mixable

• Resource sharing has a direct impact on the way to design and implement systems since it creates new dependencies between them, both from a technical and a process point of view.

• This concept has been selected as the baseline for systems design on Cockpit, Utility, Energy and Cabin domains and extended globally on all the domains.


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA? - ADCN Network & Topology

Engines

Cabin

Fuel&LGEnergy

Cockpit

FlightControl

AESU1

EEC1

EEC2

FCSC1COM MON

FCSC2FCGC2

FCGC3SFCC2

COM MONCOM MONSFCC1

FCGC1

ADIRU1

ADIRU3

ADIRU2

FM3

FM2FM1

FW2FCDC2

FW1FCDC1

AESU2

ACR2 opt

SCI

L1 L2 R2 R1C2 R3

C1

SW13

IOM

ELMCBMSB24

ELMCBMSB24

FuelCOM MON

FuelLG,TP&BSCOM MON

CIDS

CPIOM-B-1&2

CIDS

CPIOM-A-3&4 CPIOM-B-3&4

IRDC

COM MONLG,TP&BSCOM MON

COM MON COM MON COM MON

IOM

ACR1

SCI

CPIOM-A-1&2

PESC

SPDB

IPCU

SPDB

VSCPWCU

IRDC

DSMC1&2 DSMC3

ext lightsctrl

IPCU

ECB

HSMAIC?

HSMAIC?

COM MON FCSC3 TBCCOM MON

L3

IOMIOM CDAM

ATC1 ATC2 A

AB

B

EEC3

EEC4AB

BA

S_2_1

S_3_1

S_4_1

S_1_1

S_3_2

S_4_2

S_1_2

S_2_2

S_1_3

AFDX Network:

• 100 Mbits

• Redundant Network (A&B) with independent alimentation

• AFDX switches = 2 x 8

• NB of ports (connections) possible on each switch (20-24)

• MTBF of the switch is very high (100 000 hours expected)

• Up 80 AFDX subscriber


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

AFDX - Generality• Freedom of choice for data format (harmonized at aircraft level)• Integration of LRU, IOM (Input Output Module) & CPIOM (Core Processing

Input Output Module)

AppliB

1 partition

E/S

LRU

E/S

AppliB

partition 1

AppliC

partition 2

AppliD

partition 3

CPIOM

ADCN

• Technology based on COTS standards

E/S

IOM

•ARINC 600: 2 MCU

Switching table defined through configuration

Traffic policing (enforcement of allocated bandwidth) QUADRAX Connectors

E/S

LRU


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

AFDX technology – Addressing : MAC,IP,UDP

1234567

891011121314

AppliB

1 partition

E/S12

E/S

AppliC

partition 1(RAM ; CPU)

Appli D Appli E

partition 2(RAM ; CPU)

12

AppliA

1 partition

E/S12

• Avionics communications are based on multicast:one transmitterone or several receivers

•Asynchrony individual clocks• NO reconfiguration capability in the AFDX network

Alt = 10 000 ft UDP SRC / UDP DEST IP SRC / IP DEST MAC SRC / MAC DEST


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

AFDX: Performances

• Does AFDX sustain expected real time performance:Yes: real time performances were really challenging, both on theES and the switch (ES wire speed reception ie 200 Mbits/s ; switch wire speed switching, with only bottleneck on output buffer).

• Packet loss percentage:0 % in the switch by definition (a configuration where the switch cannot guarantee that no frames are lost is not “schedulable” and thus not produced)Nevertheless frame may be lost due to

– Bit error rate (target 10-8)– Failures


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA ? - AFDX Network use

System Team

Data base

NCD : VL & Paths

Confcheck → determinism OK

Confgen → Create configuration Loads

Switches Datalaoding

• Switches Configuration process:


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA?

• Impact on the system development process = RisksAt the component level:

– IMA developed before system > requirements mismatch– Maturity of IMA components > impacts multiple systems– Technical capability > impacts multiple systems

At the Industrial level:– Management > Dedicated trans-national IMA team– Procurement >

• Arbitration process, • Contractual resources, • Change in supplier business model

– Development > User Groups, Hot Lines, Bi-laterals– Certification– Support Process > Airbus


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA?

• Pre launchPartner activity to review available solutions and proposals

– Many suppliers example Smiths, Honeywell, Rockwell Collins, Thales, Diehl, BAe Systems

– Front runner - Cabinet / rack + ARINC 629• Joint launch team to define the avionics solution

Architecture, scope, key technologies, supplier pre-selectionAFDX as the network

– ARINC 629 future growth, cost ?IMA computers as dedicated LRUs – The “Open Architecture” solution

– Multiple system suppliers– Scalable– Multiple IMA suppliers including Airbus make policy for key technology– System suppliers able to develop and integrate separately– Minimise the management and co-ordination activities to be performed by

Airbus – focus on systems


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA? - IMA integration perimeter

UtilityFuel Measurement & ManagementBraking, Steering, Extension/Retraction, Others (Tyre pressure, etc.)

CabinBleed, Overheat Detection, Supplemental CoolingCabin Pressure & Ventilation Control,Air Conditioning

CockpitFlight Warning,FCU Back-Up,Weight & Balance Back-Up ComputationFlight Control Data ConcentratorAir Traffic Communication

Function on A380 EnergyElectrical Load Management,Circuit Breaker Monitoring, ATA 24 BITE


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

IMA – Modules

• 8 different part numbers / 30 modules of CPIOM per chipset developed by 2 suppliers

AIRBUS (EYY):Thales Avionics, associated with Diehl

Avionik System:

•They host 21 avionics functions developed by 10 suppliers

•1 single part number of IOM called “IOM-A”

•All modules are ARINC600, 3 MCU box, around 4.2 kg, with 50 000 hours MTBF objectives


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA ?

• What makes IMA different ?Standardised Software EnvironmentARINC 653 Operating System

– Application software is independent from the hardware• Like Windows• No direct access to I/O• Internal process control services• Health Monitoring services

– Enables Obsolescence protection for system software• Software – largest NRC element of systems• Production life = 20 years, Aircraft life = 50 years


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA? - CPIOM

CPU MPC755RAM

Flash

NVM Intra LRM Communication

PowerSupply

PartitioningControl

Res

sour

ceB

ITE

SNM

P-M

IB

Dat

aloa

d A

615A

A 653 Operating System Drivers

Boot

UTI

L. -

NV

M M

anag

tM

odul

e Man

agt

AFDX

DSI / DSO /DGOInterface USB

PCI

DSI / DSO

USB

DSP TMS320C33

+ internal Ram

IO SW

Instr

umen

tatio

n

IO_Ext Board

DSI / DSO

Interface AUDIO

Flash

DSI/DSO

DGI

IO_DSP Board

CPU Board

AV

ION

IC

PAR

TIT

ION

AV

ION

IC

PAR

TIT

ION

AIRBUS API + ExtensionsAIRBUS API

BASIC SOFTWARE


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA ?

• What makes IMA different?Partitioning

– The performance of each system must be unaffected by any other

• To allow systems to be developed, tested and verified separately• To allow system faults to be contained• To allow new systems to be added post certification


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA ?


ApplicationSoftware1

ApplicationSoftware 2

I/OMemory

RAMProcessor

TimeHealth

Monitors I/O MemoryRAM

ProcessorTime

HealthMonitors

Resources with performances

Partition environment © AIRBUS UK LTD


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA ?


– Timing• Strict allocation to each system application –

Periodic fixed scheduling at application levelNo prioritisation at application level

Time

5 ms 15 ms

25 ms

12.5 ms

Application 1

Application 2

Application 3 Application 1

Application 3

© AIRBUS UK LTD


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA ?


– Timing• Strict allocation to each system application –

Periodic fixed scheduling at application levelNo prioritisation at application level

• Overruns are prevented partition is suspended

Time

5 ms 15 ms

25 ms

12.5 ms

Application 1

Application 2

Application 3 Application 1

Application 3

© AIRBUS UK LTD


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

MMU

What is A380 IMA ?


– Memory• Segregated allocation to each application• Configuration is linked to design I.e. application accesses only the memory

configured for it• Violations detected and prevented by MMU


ModuleConfiguration

© AIRBUS UK LTD


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA ?


– I/O• Segregated allocation to

each system application• Some shared input data

e.g. ARINC 429• All access is through OS

calls



CPIOM GLOBALCONFIGURATION

TABLE

ARINC 653 Operating System

ARINC 429 AFDXDiscretes

Write sampling port( xx, value)

xx = A429

© AIRBUS UK LTD


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA ?• Partitioning enables:

System independence– Systems of different DAL(A,B,C) level can be developed at their

DAL level– Systems can be integrated and tested to separately

Incremental Qualification– Modifications to one application have no effect on other

applications• Qualification activities following a modification are limited

• Configuration Parameters Partitioning and ConfigurationIMA must be configurable

– Resources – Time, Memory and I/O– Implemented with Configuration Tables - loadable

Two groups of tables:– Tables managed by Airbus – have a global effect– Tables managed by the Function Supplier – only have a local partition


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA?

Qualification of the module within a usage domain represented bythe set of configuration parameter rangesUsage Domain

– Represents guarantees on• Functionality• Performance – e.g. service call times

– For the range of configurations the module can be used in


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA ? - IMA Modules Qualification

• Qualification and system certification are major parts of IMAThe objective of the qualification approach is to give System Suppliers “credit” to be used as part of their system certification Based on credit

– The function / system supplier takes “credit” from the qualification activities of Module Manager and Module Supplier

– Does not have to prove functionality, performance and behaviour of the module.

Module Qualification

ConfigurationQualification

SystemSupplier

Certification


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

What is A380 IMA?

• New Industrial Roles - the biggest change with IMAIntroduce a new role in system development

– IMA Manager• Control the use of module resources

Provides resources against user system requirementsMaintain spares marginsSupport the prediction and verification of resources

• Provide resource configuration tablesDevelop configuration tables

• Perform confidence testing on the Integrated Module• Perform qualification activities for the module configuration


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

• Integration: integration tests are performed

– on HBOSS– again on HBOSS with instrumented code for structural

coverage analysis– then on TBOSS for target compatibility verification and for

providing certification evidencesAdditional unit tests may be identified to achieve all coverage objectivesThe whole process is automated to ease non-regression testing between HBOSS and TBOSS

What is A380 IMA ? - Avionics Functions

HBOSS

Software testing on host stations

TBOSS

Software testing on representative target

BIL

Function Verification on Real Module

ARTIST2 - Integrated Modular Avionics A380

The future


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

The future of IMA

• A380 IMA reused on A400M/A350 :Mature avionics hardware available immediatelyNRCs, risks minimised

• Next Aircraft – IMA2G:Extend the scope of IMA

– Flight controls, Open worldIncrease the flexibility of IMA – “Generic Secure Platform”

– Optimise the IMA architecture • Decentralised I/O / Smart sensors• Reconfiguration

– Enable more systems to be integrated within IMA• High Critical to Low Critical

– Enable greater levels of integration on single IMA units


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

The future of IMA

• Change in technologies:AFDX :

– greater bandwidth solutions,– low cost solutions– greater integration– All protocols supported

IMA– Cabinet, Card File ? all have advantages– Faster processors – Multi-processor – inevitable– New OS – possibly, parallel for Open World– New Fields buses technologies ?

Tools - greater integration & Industrialisation• Platform Architecture definition• Avionics configuration• Application development, validation and verification• Fast ramp up – Technologies choice for Resources industrialisation• Fast FAL Integration – Auto test


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Number of electronic equipment

80

60

40

20

100

The future of IMA

Functionality(arbitrary log scale)

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995

104

103

102

101

Con

cord

e

A30

0B

2000 2005

A38

0

A31

0

A32

0

A33

0

A34

0-6

00

105

A380 with IMA

Future A/C

Historical background for the emergence of IMA


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

Thank you for your attention


RB

US

UK

LTD

. Al

l rig

hts

rese

rved

. Con

fiden

tial a

nd p

ropr

ieta

ry d

ocum

ent.

© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS S.A.S.. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S. This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied.

The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.

AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.

A380 Integrated Modular Avionics

Documents

Transcript of A380 Integrated Modular Avionics