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Chapter 01-Chapter 01-Introducing HardwareIntroducing Hardware

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Introducing HardwareIntroducing Hardware

In this chapter you will learn:In this chapter you will learn: That a computer requires both hardware That a computer requires both hardware

and software to workand software to work About the many different hardware About the many different hardware

components (parts) inside of and components (parts) inside of and connected to a computerconnected to a computer

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Hardware Needs Hardware Needs Software to WorkSoftware to Work

HardwareHardware SoftwareSoftware Binary Number SystemBinary Number System bitbit bytebyte nibblenibble

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PC Hardware PC Hardware ComponentsComponents

Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU) ProcessorProcessor MicroprocessorMicroprocessorRequires 3 elements to operate:Requires 3 elements to operate: Method of communicating with the deviceMethod of communicating with the device Software to instruct and control the Software to instruct and control the

devicedevice Electricity to power the deviceElectricity to power the device

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Hardware Used for Input Hardware Used for Input and Output or I/Oand Output or I/O

PortPort Keyboard-Primary InputKeyboard-Primary Input Mouse-Pointing DeviceMouse-Pointing Device Monitor-Primary OutputMonitor-Primary Output Printer-Output DevicePrinter-Output Device Hard CopyHard Copy

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Hardware Inside the Hardware Inside the Computer CaseComputer Case

Circuit BoardCircuit Board Expansion CardsExpansion Cards Expansion SlotsExpansion Slots CMOS-Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semi CMOS-Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semi

ConductorConductor

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The MotherboardThe Motherboard

MotherboardMotherboard Main Board or System Board Main Board or System Board Peripheral DevicePeripheral Device Parallel PortParallel Port S/PDIF: Sony/Phillips Digital Interface S/PDIF: Sony/Phillips Digital Interface

sound portsound port USB: Universal Serial Bus portUSB: Universal Serial Bus port Serial PortSerial Port

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The Processor and the The Processor and the ChipsetChipset

ChipsetChipset

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Storage DevicesStorage Devices

Primary Storage or MemoryPrimary Storage or Memory TemporaryTemporary

Secondary Storage or HDDSecondary Storage or HDD Permanent Permanent

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Primary StoragePrimary Storage

RAM: Random Access Memory - 3 TypesRAM: Random Access Memory - 3 Types SIMM: Single In-line Memory ModuleSIMM: Single In-line Memory Module DIMM: Dual In-line Memory ModuleDIMM: Dual In-line Memory Module RIM: Rambus In-line Memory ModuleRIM: Rambus In-line Memory Module Volatile: Needs power to work (Temporary)Volatile: Needs power to work (Temporary)ROM: Read Only MemoryROM: Read Only Memory Non-Volatile: Holds data permanently; even Non-Volatile: Holds data permanently; even

without powerwithout power

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Secondary StorageSecondary Storage

Hard Drives:Hard Drives: ATA: Advanced Technologies AttachmentATA: Advanced Technologies Attachment IDE: Integrated Drive ElectronicsIDE: Integrated Drive Electronics EIDE: Enhanced Drive ElectronicsEIDE: Enhanced Drive ElectronicsOther Secondary Storage:Other Secondary Storage: CD/DVD’sCD/DVD’s USB Flash DrivesUSB Flash Drives

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Motherboard Components Motherboard Components Used for Communication Used for Communication Among DevicesAmong Devices

TracesTraces BusBus ProtocolProtocol Data BusData Bus Data Path SizeData Path SizeMain Bus:Main Bus: System Bus, System Bus, Front Side Bus (FSB),Front Side Bus (FSB),

Memory Bus or Host BusMemory Bus or Host Bus

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System ClocksSystem Clocks System Clock-Motherboard CrystalSystem Clock-Motherboard Crystal Clock SpeedClock Speed Hertz (Hz)-1 Cycle per secondHertz (Hz)-1 Cycle per second Mega Hertz (MHz)- 1 million cycles per Mega Hertz (MHz)- 1 million cycles per

secondsecond Giga Hertz (GHz)- 1 billion cycles per Giga Hertz (GHz)- 1 billion cycles per

secondsecond

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Interface (Expansion) Interface (Expansion) CardsCards

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) PCI ExpressPCI Express AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)

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The Electrical SystemThe Electrical System AC (Alternating Current)AC (Alternating Current) DC (Direct Current)DC (Direct Current)Power SupplyPower Supply Converts from AC to DCConverts from AC to DC Provides 3.3, 5 and 12 volts DCProvides 3.3, 5 and 12 volts DC Rated in WATTSRated in WATTS P8,P9 or P1 power connectorP8,P9 or P1 power connector

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Instructions Stored on Instructions Stored on the Motherboardsthe Motherboards

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) ProgramProgram FirmwareFirmware System BIOSSystem BIOS Startup BIOSStartup BIOS CMOS SetupCMOS Setup CMOS ChipCMOS Chip Flash ROMFlash ROM